A kind of abdomen (such as snakes) or to short limbs (such as lizards) crawling or movement of animals
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Biological significance
Reptiles are the first truly get rid of dependence on the water truly conquer the land vertebrates, can adapt to a variety of terrestrial environment. Reptiles is the longest land animal rule, which dominate the entire planet Earth's biological history of the Mesozoic is the most compelling era, that era, reptiles are not only the absolute ruler of the land, sea and sky but also the rulers of Earth There is no any kind of other organisms have had such a glorious history. Although this is no longer the era of reptiles, most reptiles have become extinct taxa, only a few survived, but the species, the reptiles are still very busy group, the species of birds and ranked second only to terrestrial vertebrates in the second. Reptiles are now in the end it is not clear how many, various statistics may differ thousands, of new species are constantly being identified, generally speaking, reptiles should now have close to 8,000 species. As the dependence on the water out, the distribution of reptiles influenced by temperature and less by humidity, the existing reptiles are distributed except Antarctica, most distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, while in temperate and boreal regions rarely, and only a few species can reach the Arctic Circle, or distributed in the mountains, and in tropical regions, both humid or drier areas, species are very rich. Breathing with lungs. Reptiles on the basis of the skull on the traditional temporal Ru number and location of the hole divided into four categories, this classification does not accurately reflect the genetic relationship to each other, but more convenient to use, so although the division is now the new program a lot, but this The traditional classification is still commonly used. There is no temporal Ru skull is divided into the hole without Kongya Gang, on behalf of the original type of reptile; skull on each side have a lower temporal Ru hole into the next Kongya Gang, is toward the evolution of mammals, reptiles; skull on each side an upper temporal Ru hole into tune Kong Yagang, marine reptiles; skull on each side with two holes into the temporal Ru double Kongya Gang, is the backbone of reptiles, and birds evolved. Double Kong Yagang further divided into more primitive dragon scales under the headings and initial progress under the Long Gang (or head). In addition to the existing reptiles are no Kongya Gang turtles, crocodiles are archosaurs under the Gang, the remaining members are part of the dragon scales under the Gang. Existing reptiles turtles head is divided into turtles, crocodiles, crocodile head is divided into classes, and outline the next dragon scales, there are two views of the sub-head, a view is divided into head and beak Squamata, Squamata further divided into a lizard, lizards and snakes earthworm three sub-orders, and Sauria and Serpentes head and then each divided into several branches, under or over-head, another view is the lizard, lizards and snakes of the earthworm as a separate upgrade project, the three re-synthesis of a scaly head, which lizards and snakes under the head or under the super-sub-section is upgraded to a head. Existing reptiles, the division also have different opinions, some subjects were divided into several other experts of different subjects, some subjects classified as sub-orders which are controversial, and these orders, families and even the Latin name of each has a different wording. This introduces the classification of existing reptiles, the prehistoric reptiles, only slightly mentioned.
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Reptiles category list
No Kongya Gang Anapsida: the most primitive reptiles, appeared in the late Carboniferous, the only remaining extant turtles. Cup Lombok Captorhinid: the most primitive reptiles, amphibians close, some of which had placed members of the class is now the dragon cup into amphibians. In Lombok Mesosauria: primitive aquatic reptiles, mainly living in the Permian. Turtles head Testudinata: ancient and specialized reptiles, and other reptiles of the relationship is not clear, there are two sub-orders from the Mesozoic, has survived into modern, with its ancestor type is not much change. Side-necked turtle suborder Pleurodira: turn back the neck lateral shell, is mainly for the southern hemisphere freshwater turtles, the wider prehistoric distribution, China has fossils. Side-necked turtle Branch Pelomedusidae: Africa and South America are located in the side of the neck turtles, one of the distribution to the Arabian Peninsula. Snake-necked turtle Branch Chelidae: Oceania and South America are located in the side of the neck turtles, some species the neck is very long, China has fossils. Song-necked turtle suborder Cryptodira: Most turtles, including existing, widely distributed, terrestrial, freshwater and the ocean can be seen. Snapper Section Chelydridae: distributed in North America, the two large freshwater turtles, large head and mouth into a hook, ferocious nature. Flat chest turtle Branch Platysternidae: Only one, distributed in Asia, some turtles and size similar to small rodents, taxonomic status uncertain, it was also to be included in Section Nie turtle, turtle Branch, Division turtle or tortoise tide Division. Turtle Section Emydidae: mainly New World freshwater turtles. Chao turtle Branch Bataguridae: mainly Old World freshwater turtles, including some of the most common turtle, turtles are often incorporated into the Division. Tortoises Section Testudinidae: terrestrial turtles, found in Australia outside of the world, including some of the islands. Mud turtle Branch Dermatemydidae: only existing one, located in Central America, China has a lot of fossils. Chest moving turtle Branch Kinosternidae: distributed in the New World freshwater turtles. Hydrocharitaceae Trionychidae: the appearance of the skin rather than the horny scutes, mainly in freshwater in Asia, Africa and North America are also distributed in Australia only fossils. Liang Zhao Hydrocharitaceae Carettochelyidae: the appearance of the skin rather than the horny scutes of the turtle, only existing one, located in New Guinea and northern Australia, China's fossil turtle species may belong to no such shield. Turtle Section Cheloniidae: life in the ocean with horny scutes large turtles. Leatherback Division Dermochelyidae: life in the ocean does not have skin to skin covering the scutellum and a large turtle, existing only one, is the largest remaining turtles. Under Kong Yagang Synapsida: that like breast-feeding reptiles, the ancestors of mammals, living in the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Dragon head Pelycosauria: like early reptile feeding is seen in the late Carboniferous one of the first reptiles, extinct in the Permian. Animal hole mesh Therapsida: progress like breast-feeding reptiles, appeared and flourished in the Permian, the Triassic evolved into mammals, after only a few remnants of the Triassic. One type of advanced progress and mammals there is no difference. Tune Kong Yagang Euryapsida: main sea reptiles, appeared in the early Triassic, the double-hole type of descendants, often into double Kongya Gang, all in the late Cretaceous extinction. Fin Lombok Sauropterygia: including Magic Dragon, plesiosaurs, shield dragons teeth. Fish Lombok Ichthyosauria: highly adaptable marine life, reptiles, fish like body. Double dragon scales under Kongya Gang Gang Diapsida Lepidosauria: the backbone of the more primitive reptiles, the emergence of the first in the late Carboniferous reptiles, is one of the most prosperous of modern reptiles, including the vast majority of existing members of reptiles. Start crocodile head Eosuchia: Early scales dragons, is the ancestor of the other two holes class, but also the oldest living reptiles, still continued in the early Cenozoic period of time, it was also the earliest and most complete of the type of place new projects. Beak leader Rhynchocephalia: The original scale dragon types, the vast majority living in the Mesozoic, with only remnants of the modern lizard Sphenodon is the most primitive extant reptiles. Sphenodon Lizard Division Sphenodontidae: the most primitive extant reptiles, only 2 species distributed in New Zealand and nearby islands. Lizard head Lecertifromes (Sauria): a modern species of reptiles, the largest category, as many as 4,000 species, distributed throughout the world, varied shapes. Iguana suborder Iguania: Typical members are back mane scales, somewhat similar to wedge lizard teeth, limbs are complete, many species can change the color of the body, and includes some of the most unique looks lizards, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions , arboreal, terrestrial or aquatic. Americas Agamidae Iguanidae: mainly distributed in the New World iguana, a wide range of recently is often divided into up to eight different subjects. Agamidae Agamidae: Old World of iguanas, the richest in Asia and Oceania, Africa and Europe less, and Madagascar is not distributed. Battle to avoid Section Chamaeleonidae: the chameleon, the most unique lizards, mainly in Africa, especially in Madagascar, a few distributed in Asia and southern Europe. Gecko suborder Gekkota: including the able-bodied gecko feet and limbs, lizards and other degradation of the scales, usually relatively large eyes, the eyelids can not be active. Gekkonidae Gekkonidae: lizards in the second section, around the world, including some of the most familiar reptiles, it was also to be split into several different branches. Foot lizard scales Division Pygopodidae: distribution limited to Oceania, body like a snake, no forelimbs, hind limbs degenerate into a flake. Night lizard Section Xantusiidae: taxonomic status uncertain lizards, geckos like a little, but it was to put skink suborder, located in the Americas. Bipedal lizard Section Dibamidae: little was known about the taxonomic status uncertain lizards, skinks was to be placed in a separate sub-head or self-contained sub-orders, only males have short hind legs, eye degeneration, multiple cave, located in Southeast Asia. Skink suborder Scincomorpha: the largest lizard in a class, more than a typical lizard shape, but some degradation of the limbs. African lizard Section Cordylidae: distributed in Africa and Madagascar, small branches, some species have hard scales, it was to be divided into ring-tailed lizard lizard Section Division and board two different subjects. Lizard Section Lacertian: Old World terrestrial lizards, the Mediterranean region distribution center, also found in Eurasia and other regions of Africa, the most northern reaches near the Arctic Circle. Americas Division lizard Teiidae: New World lizards, multiple dwelling, a small number of aquatic, it was to be further divided into the Americas Division and the naked eye lizard lizard Section two sections. Skink Section Scincidae: the largest lizard in a subject, including lizards, about 1 / 3 type, able-bodied or degradation. Distributed all over the world, but in most species in Southern Asia and Oceania, Europe, northern Asia and the Americas less kind. Snake lizard suborder Anguimorpha: the existing narrow range, with some snake close to the characteristics may be the ancestors of the type of snakes, some sub-projects will be merged with the skinks, it was also to be further divided into two sub-orders . Snakes, including the only existing lizard suborder poisonous lizards, lizards and the largest remaining prehistoric life in the ocean's largest lizard - mosasaurs. Snake Lizard Section Anguidae: including the New World some old and new continent full of lizards and total non-foot lizards, some of North America, no foot lizard lizard subjects sometimes creep as sheets. Different lizard Section Xenosauridae: including the three different North American lizard and crocodile lizard in China, often as the two different subjects. Gila Division Helodermatidae: including two poisonous lizards in North America, existing only poisonous lizard. Borneo Lizard Section Lanthanotidae: also known to be poisonous lizard Division, only to be poisonous lizard of Borneo represented. Monitor lizards Section Varanidae: including the existing size of the largest lizards, but some smaller species, mainly in Australasia, also found in Africa and tropical Asia. Earthworm lizard head Amphisbaeniformes: the mysterious cave of reptiles, lizards previously incorporated into the class, distributed in South America, Africa and neighboring areas, the majority of non-full, a small number of forelimb can be divided into 1-5 branches, of which 1 / 3 species that only from a single specimen. Earthworm Lizard Section Amphisbaenidae: earthworm largest lizard head 1 family, including the vast majority of members present earthworm lizard, lizards and found that complete distribution earthworm, earthworm lizard was incorporated into all undergraduate, it was also to some members of the single points a 1 to 2 subjects. Short head earthworm Lizard Division Trogonophidae: distributed in North Africa, Northeast and the Middle East a small section, triangular cross-section of the body. Branch Lizard feet earthworm Bipedidae: located in northwestern Mexico, the only remaining earthworm lizard head with small forelimbs members. Snake head Serpentiformes: after the number of lizards reptiles second largest category group, the distribution of even more extensive than the lizards, in addition to a variety of terrestrial environments, but also across India - the warm Pacific waters. Blind snakes suborder Scolecophidia: small original snake cave, located in warmer regions of the world. Blind snakes Section Typhlopidae: blind snakes suborder most species, the most widely distributed of a subject, mainly in Africa, southern Asia and Oceania, a few located in Central America. Different shield blind snake Division Anomalepidae: a small section located in Central and South America, including some of the smallest snake. Small blind snake Division Leptotyphlopidae: distributed in the Americas, Africa, Arabia and India, larger than the slender blind snakes, including some of the smallest snake. Original snake suborder Henophidia: medium-sized raw snakes, are distributed in tropical regions, concentrated in southern Asia to Oceania area, a narrow range, some groups classified controversial. Python Section Boidae: including the largest existing snakes, but most species are not that big, there are remnants of hind legs, pythons and boas are divided into two categories, are widely distributed. Lam Nam Branch Tropidophiidae: the distribution of medium-sized snakes of tropical America, in the past included in the python section. Island boas Section Bolyeridae: only distributed in the Mascarene Islands and medium-sized snakes, pythons subjects classified in the past. Tube Snake Branch Aniliidae: only South American representative of a species, the original medium-sized snakes. Snake scales flash Americas Division Loxocemidae: only one species in Central America on behalf of, the snake can be incorporated into the tube section. Japanese pipe snake Division Anomochilidae: Southeast Asia on behalf of the two species, and sometimes into the tube or needle tail snake snake Division Division. Tube She Section Cylindrophiidae: distributed in tropical regions of Asia, and sometimes into the Tongyi Division or pintail She Branch. Pintail Snake Branch Uropeltidae: medium-sized burrowing snakes found in southern India and Sri Lanka. Flash Snake scales Division Xenopeltidae: medium-sized terrestrial snakes found in South and Southeast Asia. Scrofula snake scales Division Acrochordidae: distributed in Southeast Asia and Oceania of the aquatic snakes, loose skin, good at swimming. New snake suborder Caenophidia: including existing non-poisonous snakes all snakes and most Snake Branch Colubridae: the biggest one section of reptiles, including the existing 2 / 3 of the snake, are distributed on every continent, except Australia and is the main snakes around the outside, members of the complex, mostly non-poisonous snakes, some of Hougou tooth snake, subfamily a lot into confusion, and sometimes some of the members are listed as separate subjects. Elapidae Elapidae: the former ditch teeth snakes, widely distributed, both on land and sea distribution, which is the main snakes in Australia, often divided into Elapidae, sea snakes snake tail section and flat section three divisions. Viper Division Viperidae: tube teeth of snakes, distributed in Australia outside of the world, often sub-Viper Division, Branch and bald viper viper Section three divisions. Under the dual Kong Yagang Diapsida archosaurs Gang Archosauria: the backbone of progress reptiles, the ancestors of birds, with improvement of exercise and four rooms in the heart, appeared in the Triassic, the rulers of the Mesozoic Paleontology and the most compelling However, after the end of the Mesozoic crocodile head only a few members survived. Thecodonts head Thecodontia: archosaurs under the most primitive members of the Gang, just to survive in the Triassic, is very diverse, probably other types of archosaurs, as too numerous and are often broken up into different slots of the tooth type groups. Pterosaur head Pterosauria: flying reptiles that lived in the Triassic to the Cretaceous, there is the original beak long and progress pterodactyl two sub-orders, including the largest in the history of flying animals. Dinosaur Head Dinosaursia: the brain is very small (except for meat birds and some dinosaurs), eggs in the land (all the dinosaurs are so). Lizard hip head Saurischia: head of two dinosaurs that lived in the Triassic to the Cretaceous, there are two sub-orders, including the largest in the history of land plant-eating animals and land carnivores. Ornithischia Ornithischia: dinosaurs, one of the two projects, to survive in the Triassic to the Cretaceous, there are five sub-projects, including some of the more unique appearance of dinosaurs. Crocodile-shaped head Crocodylia: aquatic archosaurs, living in the Triassic to the modern, including three to four sub-orders, most of the extinction at the end of the Mesozoic, the existing real crocodile suborder Eusuchia only one to three families. Crocodile Section Crocodylidae: modern art, the maximum size of reptiles, mainly in the tropical waters of all continents can be divided into long alligators, crocodiles and alligators three subfamilies, or upgrade to three divisions
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Network significance
In the network used to describe someone in the game because the action is slow or the time to read many causes slow
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English Expression
n.: crawler, Reptiles, any of the class ofcold-blooded, egg-laying animals including lizards, tortoises,crocodiles, snakes, etc with relatively short legs or no legs at all
insect Snakes