Drought, floods, insects, hail, war, plague, and other harmful effects caused by
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No. 3
Natural disasters
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No. 4
Also as a "disaster." The damage caused by natural disasters. "Zuo become public 16 years": "God is blessing down, when no disaster." Songmei Yao Chen, "free Chang Yan Xiang Gong to promote the provision of official hole to go to" poem: "to those surrounding complex, Qin China was disaster . "Qing Tang Zhen" potential book format Monarch ":" no health hazard, and to Jiaxiang. "fen," leaving no Yi language "22:" It was today, unemployment and poor though the inevitable end for the result of capitalism, But the U.S. still come up with ways to make the bourgeois white workers believe that all illegal workers to their disaster! "
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No. 5
Disaster zāihài (disaster) Everything on the natural environment, material and spiritual civilization of human society, especially people's life and property damage caused by natural events such as social events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, fires, floods, droughts, crash, shipwreck, hail , snowstorms, landslides, epidemics and so on. The causes of disasters are two types of natural factors and social factors. ① natural and human factors, including the relationship of the food chain most closely destruction or away from a balanced development, large areas in the atmosphere and hydrosphere evolution that appears far from equilibrium or partial movement of the lithosphere in motion the process of large-scale sudden rupture, these pests will bring humanity, droughts, floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters. ② social factors include: human forest and grassland vegetation destruction caused by deforestation and desertification, human activity on the Earth's surface environment pollution, species extinction, population burst length and so on. Social consequences are: ① a heavy toll on the population. For a long time, humans often suffer serious harm to a variety of disasters. According to the U.S. Bureau of Statistics overseas disaster relief, 20th century, 60 to 70 years, the number of deaths worldwide population increased six-fold. According to UN statistics, nearly 70 years, died of the world's population of about 458 million people in all kinds of disasters. Particularly of death caused by the earthquake, more than four times causing 200,000 deaths a large earthquake has occurred. ② to the social and economic damage. In the 1970s it was estimated that the annual human society to create wealth, to be swallowed up by about 5% a variety of disasters. ③ cause social instability. Disaster victims of forced migration, difficult to manage the social instability of the social order. In the course of human resistance to disasters, has accumulated a lot of experience in disaster prevention and relief. There conduct disaster forecasting, implementing disaster prevention measures; disaster prevention and relief legislation; implement disaster insurance; publicize and popularize disaster relief knowledge, disaster prevention, disaster relief exercise training. Attachment: List of the biggest disasters in recent 40 years in China According to the last 40 years, natural disasters on our analysis, roughly ten disasters can be discharged as follows: July 1950, the Huaihe River flood. Due to siltation, rising riverbed, coupled with the Kuomintang army during the Huaihai Campaign to wreak havoc along the Huaihe River dams, which flood season, the Huaihe River basin and in an emergency, Henan, northern Anhui vast expanse of water in many places, floods inundated more than 3,400 acres of land, 13 million victims. Huaibei area affected disastrous for centuries are rare. July 1954, the Yangtze River, the Huaihe River flood. Yangtze River, the Huaihe River basin above normal precipitation generally more than double than the same period the year, resulting in the water level of rivers surge, Hankou Yangtze River water level up to 29.73 m, 14.5 m above the highest water level higher than in 1931. Although the people along the river made a great effort to defend the levees, thus ensuring the safety of Wuhan and Nanjing, but 4755 acres of farmland flooded, 1888 people were affected, property losses of 100 billion yuan. Due to the reduction of agricultural products, but also affected the lives of the people and in 1955 the industrial production. 1959 and 1961, years of economic difficulties. 1959 National wide range of drought, severe drought; wide range of drought in 1960, continuing a long time, feeling heavy early spring, late spring appeared; 1961 severe drought, winter wheat suffered "card neck drought", also suffered over the northern winter wheat region weight in hot air hazards. Therefore, a significant decline in agricultural production, the national economic plan is not completed for two consecutive years, the market supply is tight, people's lives very difficult, with long-term labor tension and disease prevalence, increasing the population of non-normal deaths, only the 1960 statistics, the total population of the net reduction of 10 million people. There are many factors that cause economic difficulties, natural disasters is one of the important factors. August 1963, the Haihe River flood. In early August, Hebei Province, seven consecutive world five torrential rains, which Zhang Fox Hill County commune process precipitation 2050 mm, heavy rain area, an area of the course total rainfall of 1000 mm above the 5560 square kilometers, flooded 104 counties 7294 mu of arable land, the reservoir collapse, bridges destroyed, Beijing-Guangzhou line interruption, Tianjin emergency, more than 2,200 people were affected, with direct economic losses of 60 billion yuan. March 8, 1966, Xingtai earthquake. Died 8182 people, injured 51,395 people, 5.08 million houses collapsed. January 5, 1970, the sea earthquakes. Death 15,621 people, injured 26,783 people, 338,456 houses collapsed. August 1975, Henan flood. 7503 typhoon landed in Fujian, through southern Jiangxi, Hubei, stagnation 5-7 at the foothills of Henan barberry and hovering over 20 hours, the maximum rainfall of 1605 mm, so Ruhe, Shaying River, three major river systems each Tangbaihe At tributary river surged, overflow burst, bridge, stone floodplain reservoir collapse accident, causing floods ruined house circuit, livestock drowned, very serious disaster, 10 billion yuan in direct economic losses. July 28, 1976, the Tangshan earthquake. 24.2 million people dead, injured 164,000 people, 5.3 million houses collapsed, the direct economic losses of 100 billion yuan. Due to serious damage to the "Cultural Revolution" Gang of Four interference and the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, China's national income fell by 2.7% over the previous year, the national economy on the verge of collapse. 1978 to 1983, the North consecutive drought. In 1978, the country in large areas of drought, affected 6.03 million hectares, 2.69 million hectares of disaster; 1979 Autumn, Winter arid range; 1980 Summer North, Northeast and parts of the Northwest, most appeared more severe drought National drought 3.92 million hectares, 1.87 million hectares of disaster; 1981 spring rain in northern winter wheat area less 5-7 percent, the number reached 2297 million water, 4-9 to less rain in autumn, 3.85 million acres nationwide drought, inundated 1.82 million hectares; 1982 nationwide drought 3.11 million acres, 1.5 million acres of disaster; 1983 nationwide drought 2.41 million acres, 1.44 million mu of disaster. Many areas appear long droughts time, a wide range of serious disaster, which is rare since the founding of New China drought. Water shortage has become a major problem in the north, has seriously affected the normal life of the people and the sustainable development of the national economy. August 1985, Liaohe River flood. No. 8507,8508,8509 Northeast typhoon, heavy rains, coupled with the river disrepair, poor flood vent, Liaohe river flood original capacity of 5,000 cubic meters per second, in fact, only 2,000 cubic meters per second flood, but The province has caused many small rivers burst 4000, resulting in more than 60 cities, counties, more than 1,200 people, more than 6,000 acres of farmland and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises devastating floods, 230 people died, the direct economic loss of 4.7 billion yuan, Northeast 100 billion kilograms of grain production provinces. In summary, the past 40 years China's large disasters, floods in first place, a total of five times, three times as earthquakes, droughts 2 times.
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Detailed Words
Word: Disaster Ancient Chinese: Disasters Pinyin: zāihài [Plague; calamity; disaster] drought, floods, insects, hail, war, pestilence, and other harmful effects caused by natural disasters Source: damage caused by natural disasters. "Zuo into the public sixteen years":. "Is God's blessing down, when there is no disaster" 宋梅尧 minister "to send push Zhang Yan Xiang Gong monarch to visit the official Cave" poem: "To those who side of things complicated, Qin people were disasters . "Qing Tang Zhen" hidden book format Monarch ":." Disasters are not born, Jiaxiang and to "fen" wanderer Yi language "twenty-two:" is in today, although unemployment and poor is the inevitable result of capitalism dead end, But the U.S. bourgeoisie still come up with all sorts of methods to make white workers believe that all black workers to their disaster! "
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Introduction to Disaster
Everything on the natural environment, material and spiritual civilization of human society, especially people's life and property damage caused by natural events such as social events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, fires, floods, droughts, crash, shipwreck, hail , snowstorms, landslides, epidemics and so on. Disaster: Disaster is able to cause devastating effects on humans and the environment for human survival things in general. Does not indicate the extent of the disaster, often referred to locally, you can expand and develop, evolve into a disaster. Pests such as locusts phenomenon is widespread in the biosphere, when locusts multiply, spread and destroyed large areas of crops, causing famine, become the plague of locusts; large area of the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases, a large area can lead to the spread of computer viruses disaster.
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Hazard classification
Some of the causes of disasters or in accordance with natural disasters; Depending on the cause, location and the mechanism of division of geological disasters, weather and environmental disasters, biological disasters and marine disasters.
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The causes of disasters
There are two types of natural factors and social factors. ① natural and human factors, including the relationship of the food chain most closely destruction or away from a balanced development, large areas in the atmosphere and hydrosphere evolution that appears far from equilibrium or partial movement of the lithosphere in motion the process of large-scale sudden rupture, these pests will bring humanity, droughts, floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters. ② social factors include: human forest and grassland vegetation destruction caused by deforestation and desertification, human activity on the Earth's surface environment pollution, species extinction, population burst length and so on.
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Social consequences
① cause a large number of deaths. For a long time, humans often suffer serious harm to a variety of disasters. According to the U.S. Bureau of Statistics overseas disaster relief, 20th century, 60 to 70 years, the number of deaths worldwide population increased six-fold. According to UN statistics, nearly 70 years, died of the world's population of about 458 million people in all kinds of disasters. Particularly of death caused by the earthquake, more than four times causing 200,000 deaths a large earthquake has occurred. ② to the social and economic damage. In the 1970s it was estimated that the annual human social wealth created by the earthquake, about 5% being swallowed disasters. ③ cause social instability. Disaster victims of forced migration, difficult to manage the social instability of the social order. In the course of human resistance to disasters, has accumulated a lot of experience in disaster prevention and relief. There conduct disaster forecasting, implementing disaster prevention measures; disaster prevention and relief legislation; implement disaster insurance; publicize and popularize disaster relief knowledge, disaster prevention, disaster relief exercise training.
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A list of the biggest disasters in recent 40 years in China
According to the last 40 years, natural disasters on our analysis, roughly ten disasters can be discharged as follows: July 1950, the Huaihe River flood. Due to siltation, rising riverbed, coupled with the Kuomintang army during the Huaihai Campaign to wreak havoc along the Huaihe River dams, which flood season, the Huaihe River basin and in an emergency, Henan, northern Anhui vast expanse of water in many places, floods inundated more than 3,400 acres of land, 13 million victims. Huaibei area affected disastrous for centuries are rare. July 1954, the Yangtze River, the Huaihe River flood. Yangtze River, the Huaihe River basin above normal precipitation generally more than double than the same period the year, resulting in the water level of rivers surge, Hankou Yangtze River water level up to 29.73 m, 14.5 m above the highest water level higher than in 1931. Although the people along the river made a great effort to defend the levees, thus ensuring the safety of Wuhan and Nanjing, but 4755 acres of farmland flooded, 1888 people were affected, property losses of 100 billion yuan. Due to the reduction of agricultural products, but also affected the lives of the people and in 1955 the industrial production. 1959 and 1961, years of economic difficulties. 1959 National wide range of drought, severe drought; wide range of drought in 1960, continuing a long time, feeling heavy early spring, late spring appeared; 1961 severe drought, winter wheat suffered "card neck drought", also suffered over the northern winter wheat region weight in hot air hazards. Therefore, a significant decline in agricultural production, the national economic plan is not completed for two consecutive years, the market supply is tight, people's lives very difficult, with long-term labor tension and disease prevalence, increasing the population of non-normal deaths, only the 1960 statistics, the total population of the net reduction of 10 million people. There are many factors that cause economic difficulties, natural disasters is one of the important factors. August 1963, the Haihe River flood. In early August, Hebei Province, seven consecutive world five torrential rains, which Zhang Fox Hill County commune process precipitation 2050 mm, heavy rain area, an area of the course total rainfall of 1000 mm above the 5560 square kilometers, flooded 104 counties 7294 mu of arable land, the reservoir collapse, bridges destroyed, Beijing-Guangzhou line interruption, Tianjin emergency, more than 2,200 people were affected, with direct economic losses of 60 billion yuan. March 8, 1966, Xingtai earthquake. Died 8182 people, injured 51,395 people, 5.08 million houses collapsed. January 5, 1970, the sea earthquakes. Death 15,621 people, injured 26,783 people, 338,456 houses collapsed. August 1975, Henan flood. 7503 typhoon landed in Fujian, through southern Jiangxi, Hubei, stagnation 5-7 at the foothills of Henan barberry and hovering over 20 hours, the maximum rainfall of 1605 mm, so Ruhe, Shayinghe, three major river systems each Tangbaihe At tributary river surged, overflow burst, bridge, stone floodplain reservoir collapse accident, causing floods ruined house circuit, livestock drowned, very serious disaster, 10 billion yuan in direct economic losses. July 28, 1976, the Tangshan earthquake. 24.2 million people dead, injured 164,000 people, 5.3 million houses collapsed, the direct economic losses of 100 billion yuan. Due to serious damage to the "Cultural Revolution" Gang of Four interference and the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, China's national income fell by 2.7% over the previous year, the national economy on the verge of collapse. 1978 to 1983, the North consecutive drought. In 1978, the country in large areas of drought, affected 6.03 million hectares, 2.69 million hectares of disaster; 1979 Autumn, Winter arid range; 1980 Summer North, Northeast and parts of the Northwest, most appeared more severe drought National drought 3.92 million hectares, 1.87 million hectares of disaster; 1981 spring rain in northern winter wheat area less 5-7 percent, the number reached 2297 million water, 4-9 to less rain in autumn, 3.85 million acres nationwide drought, inundated 1.82 million hectares; 1982 nationwide drought 3.11 million acres, 1.5 million acres of disaster; 1983 nationwide drought 2.41 million acres, 1.44 million mu of disaster. Many areas appear a long time of drought, a wide range of serious disaster, which is rare since the founding of New China drought. Water shortage has become a major problem in the north, has seriously affected the normal life of the people and the sustainable development of the national economy. August 1985, Liaohe River flood. No. 8507,8508,8509 Northeast typhoon, heavy rains, coupled with the river disrepair, poor flood vent, Liaohe river flood original capacity of 5,000 cubic meters per second, in fact, only 2,000 cubic meters per second flood, but The province has caused many small rivers burst 4000, resulting in more than 60 cities, counties, more than 1,200 people, more than 6,000 acres of farmland and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises devastating floods, 230 people died, the direct economic loss of 4.7 billion yuan, Northeast 100 billion kilograms of grain production provinces. In summary, the past 40 years China's large disasters, floods in first place, a total of five times, three times as earthquakes, droughts 2 times. Early in July 1998 mid-to late September, the Yangtze River has occurred since 1954 is once again the whole basin of the Great Flood. The rain continued momentum in pressing overwhelming pressure to the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River makes no respite even for a moment to experience the largest flood since 1954. Flood blew out, almost the whole basin flooding. Plus the northeast Songhua River, Nen River flooding, China's most affected country, including Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Heilongjiang four provinces, a total of 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have suffered this unexpected calamities, the number of people affected million, nearly 5 million The houses collapsed and more than 20 million hectares of land were flooded, economic losses of more than 1600 billion yuan. 2008 South snowstorm. May 12, 2008, earthquake.
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Encyclopedia
Disaster [Disaster] of force majeure, it is difficult to control, resulting in A large number of casualties and property losses of natural or man-made events. Natural disasters are mainly the following five categories: (l) the meteorological climate Disaster - wind, rain, hail, cold, cold, frost Cold, drought and floods. (2) geological disasters - volcanic eruptions Hair, geothermal, ground fire, earthquakes and ground cracks. (3) landforms Disaster - mudslides, landslides, avalanches, erosion and so on. (4) biological disaster - crops and plant pests and diseases, dilute Extinct animals, infectious diseases, natural forest fires. (5) hydrological hazards - storm surges, tsunamis, siltation, El Nino phenomena.