ursus spelaeus At that time the mountain cave near the Eurasian continent, often living with the cave bear (ursus spelaeus) or their close Durning Eagle Bear (ursus deningeri), they are up to 20 feet big guy, has great teeth, razor Juzhua as sharp, temperament is very fierce. Until relatively late Neanderthal Ke Luma and farmers in Europe in the Middle East, when these huge beasts are still harassing people in the various caves. After years of research scholars, cave bear and the bear though Heidegger Durning considerations described as predators, but in fact most of their food or plants. The survival of cave bear life about 20 years, they usually hobbies tender grass, roots, berries and honey, but occasionally hunting some animals, of course, possible including the then humans. French paleontologist Albert (gaudry) even think that they are highly plant-eating animals, and relatives were active in North America - - Giant short-faced bear different. In fact it is a bear of early human provoked a war with the wisdom of our ancestors and damaged the living environment of these ferocious animals, driven out of their caves, went to the mountains. According to research, about 10,000 years ago, Europe's last mountain cave bear in today's Yugoslavia, killed by humans, the fossil bones of the human finger on the left clear traces. Unlike modern American grizzly bear and the European brown bear, cave bear is not a lonely life, but it was the form of small family groups, there is considerable mutual coordination and contact. In some of the cave walls can often be clearly identified, cave bear's footprints, which they expand their living space of a conscious move regularly; course, this also sharpen their most powerful weapon --- Juzhao. Some of the stone buildings in the Stone Age, we can see a lot of holes in the skull as a component of bears, cave bear because of its large size, but also become a tool-making ability of the most valued of human hunting target, it seems to becoming the youngest warrior, a brave hunter to experience the best experiment. In the above areas in the mountains of Yugoslavia, who bear the "last war", the scientists found at least twenty cave bear bones, perhaps at least twice the Bear of the human remains, of course, now no one knows what was lost the number of hunters, when the text has not yet been invented, it did not leave any records. Skull cave bears in Europe, Asia, many of the caves have been found nearby. In some places, they are treated as the dragon's skull, skull, causing many local legends. In Austria, a sculpture known as the dragon, the image on the skull was from the cave bear, the sculpture was about the time around 1400 AD. Fossil evidence of each period, 300,000 to 15,000 years BP The entire Pleistocene cave bears throughout every corner of the Eurasian continent, until the end of the last ice age, they really disappear in the wilderness. According to the research, as early as Ke Luma farmers in Europe before the cave bear population has been an obvious decrease trend. Undoubtedly, the Neanderthals have begun to cave bear and Durning Eagle hunting bears, but the emergence of more advanced human beings, and its relatively advanced tools and hunting techniques, further increasing the speed of the cave bear extinction. (In the early European works of rock art in ancient human furious with spears bears rounded scenes.) We have a problem, why hunting caused a cave bear, Durning Siegel bear extinction, while the old European brown bears have survived, and still more prosperous. Nobody knows why, maybe the huge cave bear class size and relative vigilance is not high, the attachment may be the cave, etc., making them a better hunting ancient human target! (For example, an adult cave bear's skin is enough to make a tent.) Many caves in the Caucasus mountains to explore, scientists have identified a 6 or 7 holes are the remains of ancient human life, while the rest tend to cave in cave bears might be entrenched. Through research, the remnants of the ancient remains of human food, the scientists recognized the 2-6 part of cave bear remains. In Switzerland, there are holes 15 through the remains of cave bears investigation, two are related with the ancient humans, which remains essential to determine in the Maghreb of Dhahran; German Alps cave bear remains of Dahlan also in Magdalena . But there are exceptions, in the caves in the mountains of Poland, it seems there is no evidence that the cave bears of harassment by the human, high altitude is the reason that no man would choose to support the ancient cave on the mountain as their ideal place to live. Where the cave bears in the relatively closed environment, evolution, the emergence of a special class, cave bear, fully adapted to the alpine environment, we call Durning Eagle Bear (ursus deningeri), which appeared in about 700,000 BC years, active in Kelao Mo interglacial (cromerian interglacial). Cave bear fossils have been found in Europe and Asia, it is clear they are successful evolution of species, from Europe to the Far East development, the late Pleistocene, the last class has been living in the cave bear, the southern area. Of course, the extinction of bears on the mystery hole, there are many explanations, such as the gene theory that the genetic defect; climate theory that the climate is getting cold, but only for cave bears interglacial, and that is not the cave bear The only extinct species in the last Ice Age, the European mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, cave lion, buffalo grassland (steppe bison), Julu (giant deer), the Eurasian musk ox (musk ox), and so all of extinction.
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Basic information
Chinese name: cave bear Chinese alias: Xue Xiong English name: Cave bear Species Scientific name: Ursus spelaeus, the 约翰塞穆勒 (Johann Rosenmüller) first described in 1794 the Bavarian region of Germany as a new species is extinct. Species Category: animals (Animalia), chordates door (Chordata), Mammalia (Mammalia), carnivores (Carnivora), the bear family (Ursidae), bears an (Ursus), cave bear (U. spelaeus)
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Introduction of species
Skull cave bear cave bear is a survival in the Pleistocene bears in northern Eurasia, in about twenty years ago, Ice Age extinction. Because many fossils found in the cave, so called "cave bear" in a lot of the famous caves, almost all found in the entire cave bear bones deputy. In addition, the cave bear fossils found in China once Beijing Zhoukoudian. Cave bear great size, male cave bear weight up to 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg), females will have smaller, but today is the largest size of Kodiak bears bears and polar bears, their body weight can be up to 1,760 pounds (800 kg), average weight of 1,100 pounds (500 kg). Typical cave bear skull about 50 cm, while the current bear skull is only 20-25 cm. Life of about 20 cave bear, is omnivorous, mainly feed on grass and berries, but sometimes also eat honey. In the past 30 years, the cave bear skull, jaw and teeth of studies have showed that the cave bear is likely to be a herbivore. In addition, the Central and Western Europe, the bones of cave bear bones are also consistent with characteristics of herbivores, such as low levels of nitrogen 15. N 15 neutrons in the nuclei of nitrogen over 14 than 1. In the feeding process, the animal will continue to accumulate nitrogen in the body 15, relative to herbivores, the carnivores in vivo accumulation of nitrogen and 15 to more than many. In addition, black bears and brown bears are omnivores, which indicates that although some cave bears may be mostly herbivorous animals, but there may be some are omnivores (scientists who in 2007 discovered the southwest corner of the Carpathian Mountains in Romania, the hole Bear bones data suggest that some may be fierce cave bear predators, because the bones in a very high level of nitrogen 15).
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Distribution
Fossil evidence of each period, 300,000 to 15,000 years BP The entire Pleistocene cave bears throughout every corner of the Eurasian continent, the late Pleistocene, the last Cave bears have been living in, the southern area. Until the end of the last ice age, they really began to disappear. Cave bears do not live alone, but in the form of small family groups, there is considerable mutual coordination and contact. In some of the cave walls can often clearly identify the footprints of the bear out of its hole, which is expanding its living space they are conscious of a regular move. Skull cave bears in Europe, Asia, many of the caves have been found nearby. In some areas, they are treated as the dragon's skull, skull, causing many local legends. In Austria, a sculpture known as the dragon, the image on the skull was from the cave bear, the sculpture was about the time around 1400 AD. Many caves in the Caucasus mountains to explore, scientists have identified a 6 or 7 holes are the remains of ancient human life, while the rest tend to be cave bear cave entrenched. Through research, the remnants of the ancient remains of human food, the scientists recognized the 2-6 part of cave bear remains. In Switzerland, there are holes 15 through the remains of cave bears investigation, two are related with the ancient humans, which remains essential to determine in the Maghreb of Dhahran; German Alps cave bear remains of Dahlan also in Magdalena . According to the research, as early as Ke Luma farmers in Europe before the cave bear population has been an obvious decrease trend. This indicates that the Neanderthals have begun to cave bear hunting, but the emergence of more advanced human, and its relatively advanced tools and hunting techniques, further exacerbating the rate of extinction of the cave bear. (In the early European works of rock art in ancient human furious with spears bears rounded scenes.)
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Cause of the extinction
Cave bear bones many years ago, people in some cave cave bear bones found in the wreckage, and speculated that they may die while in hibernation. In 2008, scientists cave bear living with climate change during the projected time of their extinction 27,800 years ago, when the climate is characterized by a significant cold weather, resulting in a large number of cave bear edible plants to reduce or completely disappear. It is because of the food supply disruptions led to the extinction of the cave bear, the ancient group of mammals - the hairy mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, and cave lion Julu, also in the end when the ice disappears. However, some scientists believe ancient human hunting led to their extinction is an important reason, however, the University of Vienna researchers Mating Che (Martina Pacher) and the National History Museum in London, Anthony Stuart (Anthony J. Stuart) found that there is not enough convincing evidence that the extinction of these ancient animals is due to human activities. Large-scale extinction of these ancient Another theory is that certain viruses or bacteria lead to a sharp reduction in their numbers, but Peiche and Stuart believes that such "super diseases" is unlikely to explain their extinction time and can not cause so many types of ancient mammals of different body size to extinction.
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Related information
• In Europe, the Middle Ages, people thought the legendary cave bear bones dragon bones, then collected and made into drugs. • Since the temple and the altar in a number of like the cave bear found in the sculpture, so some scholars have suspected that some of the prehistoric European cave bear may worship. Jennifer Orr (Jean M. Auel)'s novel "Love pull and bear clan cave" to describe this kind of worship. • In Romania, a cave, only discovered in 1983, 140 cave bear. In 2005, scientists in California had a successful discovery and interpretation of survival at 4 million years ago the cave bear DNA. They use the human genome project developed computer technology, from cave bear teeth to extract its genome. Scientists directly to arrange the DNA sequences of cave bear, and re-engineering of the 21 holes bears genes. * An evaluation of the 2008 study, had lived in the shape of a huge cave bears of Europe are the first group of extinct mammals, their time of extinction than previously expected as early as 1.3 years. * French paleontologist Albert (Gaudry) that the cave bear a high degree of plant-eating animals, and then the same family living in the North American giant short-faced bear very different animal. * In the Stone Age, some of the stone building, you can find many cave bear skulls class members. * Scientists have evidence that some ancient human caves and holes had been alternately occupied by bears. • In the caves in the mountains of Poland, was not constrained by human influence, where the cave bears in the relatively closed environment, evolution, the emergence of a special class, cave bear, fully adapted to the alpine environment, that Durning Nagar bears (Ursus deningeri), which appears about 700,000 years BC, living in Kelao Mo interglacial (Cromerian interglacial).
