梵蒂岡城國（拉丁語：Status Civitatis Vaticanae，意大利語：Stato della Città del Vaticano），前身為教皇國，是位於意大利首都羅馬市西北角高地的一個內陸城邦與內飛地國傢，為羅馬天主教會中央政府以及聖座的所在地。作為世界六分之一人口的信仰中心，梵蒂岡也是全球面積最小、人口最少的國傢。
* 國務院：綜理教廷行政，並掌理教宗之樞密事務，首長為國務卿。現任國務卿Giovanni Lajolo為意大利籍。
* 國務院下設：一般事務組（掌內政）、外交事務組（掌外交），及九個聖部（Sacred Congregations）：信理部、東方教會部、禮儀及聖事部、册封聖人部、主教部、萬民福音部、聖職部、修會部及教育部。
* 宗教法院（Tribunals）：聖赦院、最高法院及聖輪法院。
* 十一個宗座委員會（Pontifical Councils）：平信徒委員會、基督徒合一促進委員會、家庭委員會、正義暨和平委員會、一心委員會、移民暨觀光委員會、醫療牧靈委員會、法典條文解釋委員會、宗教協談委員會、文化委員會及大衆傳播委員會（以上各機關首長多由樞機擔任，任期五年）。
* 另有事務機關：宗座財務局、教廷財産管理局、教廷經濟事務局、教廷內務管理處、教宗禮儀處及分別掌理特定事務之委員會。此外，教宗為治理梵蒂岡城邦，另設有“梵蒂岡城國管理委員會”（Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City）。
梵蒂岡的日常生活具有濃厚的宗教色彩，每遇周日，聖伯多祿廣場天主教徒聚集，中午12點，隨着教堂鐘聲響起，教宗在聖伯多祿大教堂樓頂正中窗口出現，嚮教徒們發表演說，梵蒂岡的瑞士衛隊每年5月6日在聖達瑪索庭院(Cortile di San Damaso)內舉行宣誓儀式，誦念5個多世紀來一直不變的誓詞，祈求天主保佑自己圓滿完成任務，效忠教宗可以獻出自己的生命。
Vatican City en-us-Vatican City.ogg /ˈvætɪkən ˈsɪti/, officially the State of the Vatican City (Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano, Italian pronunciation: [ˈsta(ː)to della tʃitˈta del vatiˈka(ː)no]), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the capital city of Italy. At approximately 44 hectares (110 acres) (0.44 km2), and with a population of just over 800, it is the smallest country in the world by both population and area.
Vatican City is a city-state that came into existence in 1929. It is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.142 billion Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic adherents from around the globe. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in Italian; official documents of the Holy See are issued mainly in Latin. The two entities even have distinct passports: the Holy See, not being a country, only issues diplomatic and service passports; the state of Vatican City issues normal passports. In both cases the passports issued are very few.
The Lateran Treaty in 1929, which brought the city-state into existence, spoke of it as a new creation (Preamble and Article III), not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756-1870) that had previously encompassed central Italy. Most of this territory was absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, and the final portion, namely the city of Rome with a small area close to it, ten years later, in 1870.
Vatican City is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state, ruled by the bishop of Rome—the Pope. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergymen of various racial, ethnic and national backgrounds. It is the sovereign territory of the Holy See (Sancta Sedes) and the location of the Pope's residence, referred to as the Apostolic Palace.
The Popes have resided in the area that in 1929 became Vatican City since the return from Avignon in 1377. Previously, they resided in the Lateran Palace on the Caelian Hill on the opposite side of Rome, which site Constantine gave to Pope Miltiades in 313. The signing of the agreements that established the new state took place in the latter building, giving rise to the name of Lateran Pacts, by which they are known.
