Outline Mani (Mani ,216.4.14-274 .2.26) is the founder of Manichaeism. Mother full-yan (Maryam) and Persia rest (Arsacids) a relative of the royal family. Mani was born in Mt first slaves of Babylon (Babylonia) north (Mardinu). Postscript father Emperor (Patek) Aboriginal Hamadan (Hamadan) had attended a Jewish school Christian factions Orebro Alexei (Elchasaites) faction, sect to practice abstinence and is characterized by cumbersome baptism ceremony. Mani from the age of four was taken to the sect in his father's life. Mani claimed inspiration from childhood by an angel, he was twenty-four years old (240 years April 19) subject to God I (Syzygos) one of the most important revelations, involving mainly fundamentalist Manichaeism later. He then sent the Oresund Alexei break, if not his father's protection, may be killed. Mani leave the sect, Tai Situ Rinpoche came to closure (Ctesiphon), only two followers, his father later converted to his religion. Mani and the few believers who preach in northern Persia, and later taken by sea to India, so Duran (Turan, in this Baluchistan region) King converted Manichaeism. After coming back from India, Mani won the Sassanian dynasty king Shapur (Shapur) brother, Khorasan (Khurasan) Governor Belcher Adams (Peroz) friendship, to an audience through his Shapur. With medieval Persian Mani wrote "Sha Bola dry" (Sabuhragan) a book outlining the Manichean doctrine, title dedicated to Shapur. Shapur Mani gave a written document, to allow him and his followers in the range of travel anywhere within the Empire and missionary. Mani sent the Apostles A pack (Adda), the teachings of Tao Pati Ge Cheng (Pattig) and other missionary to the territory of the Roman Empire, sent at the end to take (Mar Ammo) and other missionary to the Orient. Manichaeism in no time has developed into a worldwide religion. Wa Helan (Bahram) I (273-276 years) to the throne after the founder Zoroaster affected Cod (Kirdir), changing the policy on the Manichaean tolerance. Mani wanted to Eastern Kushan (Kushan) region, is not permitted. He received Wa Helan I, summoned him to go Beila Fei (Bet Laphat) court. Mani has realized ominous, but always caring for believers, also visited his hometown in the way high-Kay (Gaukhai) Manichean societies. He was 274 years arrived in court Jan. 21, when an audience Wa Helan I, by the king of the accused, the defense Mani had been put in prison, died in prison on February 26. In-depth introduction Three-century prophet Mani is the founder of Manichaeism. Although today the teaching extinct, but in its heyday, but many of its followers number. Manichaeism originated in the Middle East, the Atlantic Ocean to the west Manichaeism spread eastward spread to the Pacific Ocean, it experienced a thousand years of history. Mani is a religion founded in the early religious thought interesting synthesis. Mani admitted 罗阿斯 left off, Buddha and Jesus is the true prophet, however, claimed that they later accepted a much more comprehensive than any one of them inspiration. Manichaeism, Buddhism and Christianity, although it contains the ingredients, but it is obvious from the left Luo Asi de teach dualism, which is, at least in the West appears to be the case. Mani taught that the world is not the one unique God to rule, but rather places the constant struggle between the two forces. One of them is the evil forces of darkness and material to identify the other is forces of good, with light and spirit identification. On the surface this seems a bit like the Christian ideas about God and the devil. Manichean view that forces of good and evil forces evenly matched in strength. Because of this belief, the existence of evil philosophy about the paradox of Christian and Jewish philosophers to cause a lot of trouble, but there is no question in Manichean philosophy. Due to limited space, this is not going to detail Manichean theology, but there is little mention Quefei can not. As the forces of good Manichaean identification with the human soul, the identification of people with evil forces in the body, so they think that all sexual relations even ─ ─ ─ ─ for reproductive purposes should be banned, eat meat and alcohol are also prohibited column. At first glance, such a large number of teaching he does not get followers, but not for the entire ban Mani ordinary church members, but only for being called "God's chosen people" of minority members. Ordinary Member ─ ─ "observers" to allow a wife (or lover), foster families, eating meat, drinking and so on. But there are many religious "observers" must be adhered to, they have to support God's chosen people, but the moral laws applied to them is not difficult to pursue (of course, other religions also requires priests and monks rather than believers public celibacy). God's chosen people after the death of the soul directly go to heaven, and the road to heaven to be far more listeners. But some Manichaeans as Cathars and so that the audience can also be God's chosen people, and equally easy to step into paradise, but alive when he was given a big concession. Mani was born in 216 in Mesopotamia, the land at the time of the Parthian dynasty that ruled Asaixide is part of the Persian Empire. Mani himself Persian descent, a relative of the ruler with Asaixide, most Persians are in favor of the left 罗阿斯 off a sectarian religion, and Mani is a deeply religious Christian said that the impact of the influence Under growing up. He was twelve years old with religious insight and imagination, twenty-year-old began to preach his Protestant. At first he did not have any improvement in their home country, they roam to the northwest of India, the monarch succeeded in making a small change to his Protestant faith. 242 he returned to Persia, where it won a number of audiences, including Sha Boer I, King included. Although Sha Boer did not change his Protestant faith, but he had a good impression Mani, allowing him to preach his Protestant throughout the Persian Empire. About 266 years, the Persian Empire established a new dynasty, is sometimes called the Sassanid Empire. Then about three years, under 沙波尔 I, I and 霍米兹 leadership, Mani free to preach, to win a large number of converted Christians, missionaries were also sent abroad. However, due to the success of Mani Luo Asi left off teaching pastor hostility, which teaches the Sassanian era became the state religion of Persia. About 276 years, the new king Balam I Teng pole, Mani became prisoners under the order after 26 days cruel ordeal, was tortured to death alive. Mani life wrote several books, one is written in Persian, the rest are written using Syriac (closely related Semitic period with the Aramaic of Jesus), these books became Manichean decent. After the extinction of Manichaeism, which also lost verses cleared, but some has been rediscovered in the 20th century. Manichaeism out_set_ in a vibrant momentum committed proselytizing activities. During the Prophet was alive, his religion from India to Europe have won followers after his death continued to develop and eventually spread to the West of Spain, the East spread to China. By the fourth century, it reached its peak in the West, Christianity became a dangerous rival (St. Augustine had been a Manichaean believers nine). However, after Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, Manichaeism severely persecuted, to about 600 years to be extinct in the West in general. Mesopotamia and Iran, but it is still powerful forces in Mesopotamia. From there it passed in Central Asia, and other regions of western China. In the late eighth century, it became the official religion of the Uighur, the family controls a considerable region of western China and Mongolia. It also passed the Chinese mainland, until the coastal areas, and from there came to Taiwan Island. But in the seventh century, the emergence of Islam eventually led to the decline of Manichaeism. From the beginning of the eighth century, the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad severely persecuted Manichaeism, over a period of Mesopotamia and Iran, it gradually disappeared in Mesopotamia. From the ninth century, it began to decline in Central Asia, the thirteenth century Mongol invasion actually had it destroyed. But Marco Polo about 1300 met Manichaean groups in western China. At the same time, Manichaeism in Europe derive a variety of denominations. Paul faction began to emerge from the seventh century in the Byzantine Empire, the Borg faction around Langley in the tenth century, in the Balkans is very powerful. But the most famous of these is the European collateral Cathar (Albigensian more people to know, because it is based on the French city of Albi named, the city is one of their fortress). Twelfth century Cathar won a large number of believers in Europe, especially in the southern region of France. Although Al is more similar to the Manichaean religion than the faction said, but still consider themselves Christians, Orthodox Church authorities say they are cultists. Pope Innocent III final ─ ─ largest medieval forces, measure the smallest of them ─ ─ Pope launched a crusade, the campaign began in 1209, it was a terrible massacre, there are large areas of southern France suffered an unprecedented catastrophe, the Albigensian was completely shattered. But until the fifteenth century Albigensian exhausted before extinction in Italy. Its faithful followers of any religion has a significant impact on his life. Therefore, even a small religious founders often have a significant impact on the figure. Manichaeism, although it is now extinct clean, but it was once a major religious, so Mani is a very influential figure (Manichaeism say brought an unfortunate consequence can not be ignored, but other species ─ ─ precisely in order to smash the state religion of Manichaeism and the persecution launched many sports). Create a Protestant Mani played his own role in it is absolutely significant. He created the Protestant, the creation of its theology, provides its moral regulations. Many of his ideas from the past is indeed a thinker, but these are Mani their different schools of thought as a unique financial ideology. He also made many people by preaching to convert to Manichaeism, the establishment of a church organization, and wrote the scriptures. For a man played an important mass movement such a distinctive prominent role, which is rare in the history. Clearly visible, if not him, he founded the religion will never come out, from this point of view, Mani and many religious leaders, much more than most scientists and inventors are important.
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History 100 influential people
AD 216 to AD 276 in the third century prophet Mani is the founder of Manichaeism. Although today the teaching extinct, but in its heyday, but many of its followers number. Manichaeism originated in the Middle East, the Atlantic westward spread eastward spread to the Pacific Ocean, it experienced a thousand years of history. Mani is a religion founded in the early religious thought interesting synthesis. Mani admitted 罗阿斯 left off, Buddha and Jesus is the true prophet, however, claimed that they later accepted a much more comprehensive than any one of them inspiration. Manichaeism, Buddhism and Christianity, although it contains the ingredients, but it is obvious from the left Luo Asi de teach dualism, which is, at least in the West appears to be the case. Mani taught that the world is not the one unique God to rule, but rather places the constant struggle between the two forces. One of them is the evil forces of darkness and material to identify the other is forces of good, with light and spirit identification. On the surface this seems a bit like the Christian ideas about God and the devil. Manichean view that forces of good and evil forces evenly matched in strength. Because of this belief, the existence of evil philosophy about the paradox of Christian and Jewish philosophers to cause a lot of trouble, but there is no question in Manichean philosophy. Due to limited space, this is not going to detail Manichean theology, but there is little mention Quefei can not. As the forces of good Manichaean identification with the human soul, the identification of people with evil forces in the body, so they think that all sexual relations even ─ ─ ─ ─ for reproductive purposes should be banned, eat meat and alcohol are also prohibited column. At first glance, such a large number of teaching he does not get followers, but not for the entire ban Mani ordinary church members, but only for being called "God's chosen people" of minority members. Ordinary Member ─ ─ "observers" to allow a wife (or lover), foster families, eating meat, drinking and so on. But there are many religious "observers" must be adhered to, they have to support God's chosen people, but the moral laws applied to them is not difficult to pursue (of course, other religions also requires priests and monks rather than believers public celibacy). God's chosen people after the death of the soul directly go to heaven, and the road to heaven to be far more listeners. But some Manichaeans as Cathars and so that the audience can also be God's chosen people, and equally easy to step into paradise, but alive when he was given a big concession. Mani was born in 216 in Mesopotamia, the land at the time of the Parthian dynasty that ruled Asaixide is part of the Persian Empire. Mani himself Persian descent, a relative of the ruler with Asaixide, most Persians are in favor of the left 罗阿斯 off a sectarian religion, and Mani is a deeply religious Christian said that the impact of the influence Under growing up. He was twelve years old with religious insight and imagination, twenty-year-old began to preach his Protestant. At first he did not have any improvement in their home country, they roam to the northwest of India, the monarch succeeded in making a small change to his Protestant faith. 242 he returned to Persia, where it won a number of audiences, including Sha Boer I, King included. Although Sha Boer did not change his Protestant faith, but he had a good impression Mani, allowing him to preach his Protestant throughout the Persian Empire. About 266 years, the Persian Empire established a new dynasty, is sometimes called the Sassanid Empire. Then about three years, under 沙波尔 I, I and 霍米兹 leadership, Mani free to preach, to win a large number of converted Christians, missionaries were also sent abroad. However, due to the success of Mani Luo Asi left off teaching pastor hostility, which teaches the Sassanian era became the state religion of Persia. About 276 years, the new king Balam I Teng pole, Mani became prisoners under the order after 26 days cruel ordeal, was tortured to death alive. Mani life wrote several books, one is written in Persian, the rest are written using Syriac (closely related Semitic period with the Aramaic of Jesus), these books became Manichean decent. After the extinction of Manichaeism, which also lost verses cleared, but some has been rediscovered in the 20th century. Manichaeism out_set_ in a vibrant momentum committed proselytizing activities. During the Prophet was alive, his religion from India to Europe have won followers after his death continued to develop and eventually spread to the West of Spain, the East spread to China. By the fourth century, it reached its peak in the West, Christianity became dangerous Jin
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Buddhist Encyclopedia
[Sanskrit] Mani Mani, the late Nigerian Yun, Hua Yan Li Gou, namely jewelry also. This specter net, not for Gouhui dyed. Therefore Yuanjue note Yun smug. Italy and the treasures that eating a variety of things required of clothes, the beads can be noted born, it is wishful Chieh-te, named for the treasure.
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Buddhist Encyclopedia
[Mani] (object name) Man! I, but also for the end of Nepal. Translated said Chu, Po, Li Gou, smug. Pearl of the total. Hyun should sound and meaning of a saying:. "The general name Mani, beads also" with the twenty-third is:. "The name of the late Benny total, Yiyun Mani, this cloud orb, that beads are" sound and meaning Wisdom Court, saying: " . Mani, are clouds that late late late Benny Lo, this cloud scale also, from Nepal that also, Weici specter net is not Gouhui also dyed Yun: the late Benny said this growth, that have this treasure Office , will increase its Weed, such as the old turn of wishful freely translated by Yi also "Ben Shu-jen 王经良 under third is:.". Vatican cloud Mani, this turned into treasure, along the old translation also, the new cloud end Nepal, endowed when Yunzhen stamp Mani, this cloud clouds turn wishful thinking treasure knowing Sarah, are free to ask to meet it "enlightenment about the bills, saying:.". Mani, this cloud smug. "Nirvana Sutra Nine said:" Mani beads, throw Zhuoshui, water is clear. "(see: wishful beads)
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Encyclopedia
Moni Mani Founder of Manichaeism. Tai Situ Rinpoche was born in the ancient Persian capital letters near Ma first slaves a noble family. His father had attended a Jewish school Pa Dike Orebro Alexei Christian faction faction. The faction believe in reincarnation, the implementation of baptism, too strict asceticism of life. Mani childhood by a deep impact on the school, and later was expelled. Mani claimed at the age of 24 has been repeatedly angel revelation, to teach a new doctrine in the world, and thus the creation of Manichaeism. He began to preach only relatives, achievement is not. 240 years, he came from his home in Tai Situ letters, and from sea to reach the northwestern Indian subcontinent (now Baluchistan region) missionary, was said to have been to western China. After two years of roaming back to Persia, was the new Persian Sassanid king Shapur I's brother humble Luz introductions, Shapur I attended the coronation. To win the favor of the new king, he devoted Manichean doctrine elaborated, "Suo burro dry," a book. Under the shelter of Shapur I, the teaching can be widely disseminated. Mani and sent not only a lot of sermons and the establishment of neighborhood groups to Persia in Persia. Because some of the activities of the Persian Manichaeism orthodox Zoroastrianism and pose a threat to the rule of the aristocracy, in the reign of Valaam I was declared heresy and to ban. Mani was crucified on the cross. Prior to sacrifice, personally tried by the king, before continuing 26 days old. Manichaean period is called "Ming makes the suffering." (Huang Xinchuan)