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history of philosophy : Valley Air : math and applied math : facial > countermeasure
Contents
No. 1
　　① examinations of ancient emperors who answered the question about a country strategy. ② discuss ways to deal with the strategy or ~.
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duì cè
　　Strategies or approaches to deal with
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No. 3
　　Discuss countermeasures
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No. 4
　　Who turned in the verbal exchanges in the successful candidates, the Emperor asked the political and economic policy
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No. 5
　　Also as "on the books." Ancient on the conduct of public affairs, such as set by the justice asked by a candidate verbal exchanges, known as the Strategy. Starting from the Han Dynasty as a form of taking Examination. "Biographies of Historical Pingjin Hou main parent": "Too often the sign that the Confucian response, hundreds of people, under Philip the first home. Policy-outs, the emperor Hung on the first pull out." Han Huan Kuan, "Salt and Iron profit Conference ":" all students on the books, end by special way. "Southern Liang Xie," Wen Xin Diao Long discussion on ":" strategist, Ying Zhao and Chen also; shot-makers, explore things and offer to say ... ... 2 Although the special, which also proposed the other body. "" Han Xiao Wang of Biography "" hope of the strategy to launch a Division for the Boy "Don Reappraisal Note:" measures who were asked to conduct of public affairs Sutra so that the right of, and observe his diction is also scheduled to compete with. "Ye Shi Song" Tixing Princes Epitaph ":" Bachelor of Early Lung To Court 10 Princes Prince Zhan Shi Peng, Ethernet student response, please Weaver also received, in addition to Qin juniper cover plug the government, the emperor immediately applied. "
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No. 6
　　Approach or strategy to deal with. Wang Fame "melancholy spell city": "For the endless nagging woman, he tackled it by silence." Such as: He Seeing the heart quietly thinking about countermeasures.
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No. 7
　　汉代出现的察举制度的一种考试方法，又称“策试”。汉文帝二年（前178）下诏举贤良方正能直言极谏者，十五年再诏举贤良能直谏者，并亲自加以策试，其时■参加对策者百余人。察举对策制度自此而成立。所谓对策，就是把策题书于简册之上，使应举者作文答问。策问有君主“求言于吏民”之意，策题一般以政事、经义等设问；答策则相当于“应诏陈政”，发表政见。王朝往往因灾异、动乱而下诏特举，使应举者对策进言。君主常常亲自主持策问并阅读策文。所以，对策兼有征询政见与考核才识的双重意义。
　　在汉代，对策之法一般用于特科察举。贤良方正、有道、敦朴、明阴阳灾异等科一般都属于特科，实行对策。晁错、董仲舒、公孙弘，都是通过对策显示了才识而得到君主的赏识。董仲舒的“天人三策”，对汉代政治曾产生重大影响。答策出色者，可以评为“第一”或“高第”。参加对策者一般都能得到任用，拜为中大夫、谏大夫、议郎、郎中、县令等。
　　西晋时期，岁举的秀才科也采用了对策之法。根据《晋令》，秀才对策必须五策皆通，才能授官。南朝刘宋时定秀才考格，五问全部合格为上第，四、三为中第，二为下第，仅一问合格为不及第。北朝之秀才亦对五策。南北朝时期，对策的“求言”“陈政”的含义在实际上日益淡漠，人们的关注主要已不在于应试者的政见高下，而是其文辞的优劣了。策题与答策，一般都骈四俪六，典雅工巧。所以梁时沈约批评秀才对策已成“雕虫小技”，与政治见解毫不相干。隋代设进士科（见科举制），亦采用对策之法。唐代进士考试有时务策五道以考察对策者的政见和文辞，制举诸科常常也要对策。
　　1.亦作“ 对册 ”。古时就政事、经义等设问，由应试者对答，称为对策。自 汉 起作为取士考试的一种形式。《史记·平津侯主父列传》：“太常令所徵儒士各对策，百馀人， 弘 第居下。策奏，天子擢 弘 对为第一。” 汉 桓宽 《盐铁论·利议》：“诸生对册，殊路同归。” 南朝 梁 刘勰 《文心雕龙·议对》：“对策者，应诏而陈政也；射策者，探事而献说也……二名虽殊，即议之别体也。”《汉书·萧望之传》“ 望之 以射策甲科为郎” 唐 颜师古 注：“对策者，显问以政事经义，令各对之，而观其文辞定高下也。” 宋 叶适 《提刑王公墓志铭》：“初龙图阁学士太子詹事 王 公 十朋 ，以太学生对策，请收还威福，除 秦桧 蔽塞之政，天子即日施用。”
　　2.对付的办法或策略。 王西彦 《古城的忧郁·蛊惑》：“对于女人无休止的唠叨，他采取的对策就是沉默。”如：他见此情景，心中悄悄地想着对策。
　　对策是抽象性的。
中国历史
　　duice对策 汉代出现的察举制度的一种考试方法，又称“策试”。汉文帝二年（前178）下诏举贤良方正能直言极谏者,十五年再诏举贤良能直谏者，并亲自加以策试，其时参加对策者百余人察举对策制度自此而成立。所谓对策,就是把策题书于简册之上，使应举者作文答问。策问有君主“求言于吏民”之意，策题一般以政事、经义等设问；答策则相当于“应诏陈政”，发表政见。王朝往往因灾异、动乱而下诏特举，使应举者对策进言。君主常常亲自主持策问并阅读策文。所以，对策兼有征询政见与考核才识的双重意义。[《汉书·董仲舒传》所载汉武帝时董仲舒以贤良对策的史事]　在汉代,对策之法一般用于特科察举。贤良方正有道、敦朴、明阴阳灾异等科一般都属于特科，实行对策。晁错、董仲舒、公孙弘，都是通过对策显示了才识而得到君主的赏识。董仲舒的“天人三策”，对汉代政治曾产生重大影响。答策出色者，可以评为“第一”或“高第”。参加对策者一般都能得到任用，拜为中大夫、谏大夫、议郎、郎中、县令等。　西晋时期，岁举的秀才科也采用了对策之法。根据《晋令》,秀才对策必须五策皆通,才能授官。南朝刘宋时定秀才考格，五问全部合格为上第,四、三为中第,二为下第,仅一问合格为不及第北朝之秀才亦对五策。南北朝时期，对策的“求言”“陈政”的含义在实际上日益淡漠,人们的关注主要已不在于应试者的政见高下,而是其文辞的优劣了。策题与答策,一般都骈四俪六,典雅工巧所以梁时沈约批评秀才对策已成“雕虫小技”,与政治见解毫不相干。隋代设进士科（见科举制），亦采用对策之法。唐代进士考试有时务策五道以考察对策者的政见和文辞，制举诸科常常也要对策。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　阎步克
English Expression
  1. n.:  countermeasure,  cure,  game,  gaming,  resource,  the way to deal with a situation,  answer,  countermove,  course of action taken to remove, prevent, or protect against sth undesirable or dangerous,  countermeasure for dealing with a situation
French Expression
  1. n.  contre-mesure
Thesaurus
appeasement, plan or policy designed for a particular purpose, guideline
Related Phrases
environmentyanghuaWikipedia DaquanAdapt Degreehistory
cyclopedialand useGround economics Attribute
Containing Phrases
countermeasurecountermeasuregame theory
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