Cosmology The third part is the metaphysical theory of the universe, explore the world, the world of chance, necessity, permanence, in space and time constraints, changes in the world in the form of law, and human freedom and the origin of evil. Just 20 years ago, not sure what to answer cosmology and cosmogony of these fundamental issues. The distant universe and our knowledge of the early universe is so poor, so better very different cosmological theories seem to explain observations. However, in recent years, astronomers have made about the nature of the universe of exciting new discoveries, these findings provide overwhelming evidence supports a theory of the universe, big bang theory. Today, it is within the framework of this theory to explore the cosmology and cosmogony of the fundamental problems. 1. Cosmological principle Since ancient times, humans do not want to give up our play a central role in the universe of ideas. First proposed a geocentric universe, and later abandon the geocentric cosmology proposed heliocentric cosmology. Until the 20th century, people realized that our sun is just an ordinary galaxy at the edge of an ordinary star. Our galaxy is a large cluster of galaxies, a loose group of galaxies outside of one. Even the cluster of galaxies (ie the Virgo cluster of galaxies) with other places in the universe we see real huge clusters of galaxies than it is but a no outstanding role only. Our position in the universe can be said that the ordinary to the extreme. Some scholars have tried to put the universe cosmological principle be extended to include the concept of change along the time. According to this principle, at least in the largest scales the universe is eternal. Thus, the perfect cosmological principle that space and time from any point looked like the face of the universe emerged. This assumption derived from the steady state cosmological observations have been excluded. Thus, the universe and scholars generally accept the cosmological principle of the weak form, and we are happy to admit that the universe in space (not time) is approximately homogeneous and isotropic. For the sake of completeness, we have to talk about the anthropic cosmological principle. The view taken in principle with the perfect cosmological principle just the opposite, claiming in a specific period of human observation of the universe, although there is any point in the universe looked from space look the same. Assuming that this is because the need to generate a specific period of time that the evolution of life conducive to special conditions, for example, if the universe is much more hot than it is now, or much more dense, galaxies would not form; if the strength of gravity and very different from our observations, the formation of planetary systems can not, or not suitable for life as we know the form. Been identified, astronomers discovered the Earth's age and the oldest stars or galaxies of similar age (difference at most four times), which after all is an amazing match. Anthropic cosmological principle of "permission" to explain this similarity. The universe could have been the case than it actually is much more irregular and disorderly. Anthropic cosmological principle asserts that if that case, conditions will not allow life to exist. Therefore, as observers, we are living in a very special universe, the universe must be homogeneous and isotropic. "Anthropic" is a very basic argument, as it attempts to explain the Copernican cosmological principle, which is almost all viable cosmological core. 2. Modern cosmology Different cosmological principle lead to very different picture of the universe. Copernican cosmological principle is the big bang theory. Indeed, before the Big Bang theory is actually found in the expansion of the universe. If required everywhere isotropic universe, the only way we come to the Big Bang cosmology. There are actually two different models of big bang cosmology. According to the first model, the universe will expand forever. Under the second model, the universe and finally re-contraction. In both models, the universe tends to be contracted by the initial blast of gravitational force to contend with, the latter is always relatively strong expansion of the model, again destined to shrink in the model is relatively weak. Observational evidence is the arbiter of the most stringent of any theory, it finally denied the steady state cosmological this bold assertion. In 1950, as a result of more sophisticated and more discriminating astronomical observations, the steady state theory advocates gradually changed its form. Because this theory has become more and more far-fetched, only some of the most stubborn supporters still believe in it. Finally, the steady state cosmology in 1965 was the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation overturned, a finding that the early hot phase of the universe not dispute the evidence provided. Now, the steady state cosmology in modern cosmology only in the development of a considerable historical significance of the episode only. Although there are numerous possible start, we can resort to the anthropic cosmological principle of the universe to single out only in the past. This principle must be recognized in accordance with the standard big bang model. Because, if the universe in a very irregular way evolution, we humans would not have occurred. After all that chaos theory of the universe after a sufficiently long time, most will be conducive to the development of Debu existence of life. Only _select_ed from the myriad of options out of the standard big bang model can provide a suitable environment for the evolution of life. Denied the anthropic principle of the universe and scholars meet at the origin of the universe of chaos. Obviously, such a universe, infinite anti-push back to take a long time, so people can believe that this view is only a college-style sense. Instead, turn to the anthropic principle to choose a scholar of the universe from the initial to infinity of the universe always keep it simple. Election or to vote early universe, even chaotic universe, or take the open model to take off model, which modern cosmology but the main choices facing. 3. Big Bang Big Bang theory of cosmic evolution reveals the magnificent scene. Expansion of the universe began about 20 billion years ago. The initial time and the conditions before the scope is purely speculation. Although we will encounter in the following chapters of this problem, but this is usually silent about the theory. Early universe is very hot, very dense, and perhaps still very rules. This irregularity and anisotropy gradually disappeared. Within minutes after the Big Bang occurred some nuclear reactors, almost all of the helium in the universe is then synthesized. With the expansion of the universe, gradually cooling, as air-side thermal expansion while cooling the same. Cosmic background radiation is a relic of this early era. It has been aptly called it the remainder of the original fireball radiation. Evolution of the universe based on a program, with the cooling matter in the universe, it will eventually condensed into the original galaxies. Of the original stars and galaxies together and split a wide range of large groups. As the first generations of star birth and death, and gradually synthesis of carbon, oxygen, silicon, iron, these heavy elements. When the evolution of red giant stars, they will throw the material condensation of dust particles. Gas and dust cloud from a new generation of star formation. At least one such nebula, the cold dust around the star collapsing into a thin disk. Dust particles attached to each other and accumulate through the merger into larger objects, those objects in the gravitational attraction to each other growing up, from asteroids to planets to form all kinds of objects, these objects constitute the solar system. Big bang theory to guide us trace the evolution of the universe, from the time the first few milliseconds to the Earth's formation and the emergence of life, then to be unlimited future. In the study the details of this evolution, we will discuss in chapter history of scientific cosmology.
Translated by Google
No. 2
Cosmology The third part is the metaphysical theory of the universe, explore the world, the world of chance, necessity, permanence, in space and time constraints, changes in the world in the form of law, and human freedom and the origin of evil. Just 20 years ago, not sure what to answer cosmology and cosmogony of these fundamental issues. The distant universe and our knowledge of the early universe is so poor, so better very different cosmological theories seem to explain observations. However, in recent years, astronomers have made about the nature of the universe of exciting new discoveries, these findings provide overwhelming evidence supports a theory of the universe, big bang theory. Today, it is within the framework of this theory to explore the cosmology and cosmogony of the fundamental problems. 1. Cosmological principle Since ancient times, humans do not want to give up our play a central role in the universe of ideas. First proposed a geocentric universe, and later abandon the geocentric cosmology proposed heliocentric cosmology. Until the 20th century, people realized that our sun is just an ordinary galaxy at the edge of an ordinary star. Our galaxy is a large cluster of galaxies, a loose group of galaxies outside of one. Even the cluster of galaxies (ie the Virgo cluster of galaxies) with other places in the universe we see real huge clusters of galaxies than it is but a no outstanding role only. Our position in the universe can be said that the ordinary to the extreme. Some scholars have tried to put the universe cosmological principle be extended to include the concept of change along the time. According to this principle, at least in the largest scales the universe is eternal. Thus, the perfect cosmological principle that space and time from any point looked like the face of the universe emerged. This assumption derived from the steady state cosmological observations have been excluded. Thus, the universe and scholars generally accept the cosmological principle of the weak form, and we are happy to admit that the universe in space (not time) is approximately homogeneous and isotropic. For the sake of completeness, we have to talk about the anthropic cosmological principle. The view taken in principle with the perfect cosmological principle just the opposite, claiming in a specific period of human observation of the universe, although there is any point in the universe looked from space look the same. Assuming that this is because the need to generate a specific period of time that the evolution of life conducive to special conditions, for example, if the universe is much more hot than it is now, or much more dense, galaxies would not form; if the strength of gravity and very different from our observations, the formation of planetary systems can not, or not suitable for life as we know the form. Been identified, astronomers discovered the Earth's age and the oldest stars or galaxies of similar age (difference at most four times), which after all is an amazing match. Anthropic cosmological principle of "permission" to explain this similarity. The universe could have been the case than it actually is much more irregular and disorderly. Anthropic cosmological principle asserts that if that case, conditions will not allow life to exist. Therefore, as observers, we are living in a very special universe, the universe must be homogeneous and isotropic. "Anthropic" is a very basic argument, as it attempts to explain the Copernican cosmological principle, which is almost all viable cosmological core. 2. Modern cosmology Different cosmological principle lead to very different picture of the universe. Copernican cosmological principle is the big bang theory. Indeed, before the Big Bang theory is actually found in the expansion of the universe. If required everywhere isotropic universe, the only way we come to the Big Bang cosmology. There are actually two different models of big bang cosmology. According to the first model, the universe will expand forever. Under the second model, the universe and finally re-contraction. In both models, the universe tends to be contracted by the initial blast of gravitational force to contend with, the latter is always relatively strong expansion of the model, again destined to shrink in the model is relatively weak. Observational evidence is the arbiter of the most stringent of any theory, it finally denied the steady state cosmological this bold assertion. In 1950, as a result of more sophisticated and more discriminating astronomical observations, the steady state theory advocates gradually changed its form. Because this theory has become more and more far-fetched, only some of the most stubborn supporters still believe in it. Finally, the steady state cosmology in 1965 was the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation overturned, a finding that the early hot phase of the universe not dispute the evidence provided. Now, the steady state cosmology in modern cosmology only in the development of a considerable historical significance of the episode only. Although there are numerous possible start, we can resort to the anthropic cosmological principle of the universe to single out only in the past. This principle must be recognized in accordance with the standard big bang model. Because, if the universe in a very irregular way evolution, we humans would not have occurred. After all that chaos theory of the universe after a sufficiently long time, most will be conducive to the development of Debu existence of life. Only _select_ed from the myriad of options out of the standard big bang model can provide a suitable environment for the evolution of life. Denied the anthropic principle of the universe and scholars meet at the origin of the universe of chaos. Obviously, such a universe, infinite anti-push back to take a long time, so people can believe that this view is only a college-style sense. Instead, turn to the anthropic principle to choose a scholar of the universe from the initial to infinity of the universe always keep it simple. Election or to vote early universe, even chaotic universe, or take the open model to take off model, which modern cosmology but the main choices facing. 3. Big Bang Big Bang theory of cosmic evolution reveals the magnificent scene. Expansion of the universe began about 20 billion years ago. The initial time and the conditions before the scope is purely speculation. Although we will encounter in the following chapters of this problem, but this is usually silent about the theory. Early universe is very hot, very dense, and perhaps still very rules. This irregularity and anisotropy gradually disappeared. Within minutes after the Big Bang occurred some nuclear reactors, almost all of the helium in the universe is then synthesized. With the expansion of the universe, gradually cooling, as air-side thermal expansion while cooling the same. Cosmic background radiation is a relic of this early era. It has been aptly called it the remainder of the original fireball radiation. Evolution of the universe based on a program, with the cooling matter in the universe, it will eventually condensed into the original galaxies. Of the original stars and galaxies together and split a wide range of large groups. As the first generations of star birth and death, and gradually synthesis of carbon, oxygen, silicon, iron, these heavy elements. When the evolution of red giant stars, they will throw the material condensation of dust particles. Gas and dust cloud from a new generation of star formation. At least one such nebula, the cold dust around the star collapsing into a thin disk. Dust particles attached to each other and accumulate through the merger into larger objects, those objects in the gravitational attraction to each other growing up, from asteroids to planets to form all kinds of objects, these objects constitute the solar system. Big bang theory to guide us trace the evolution of the universe, from the time the first few milliseconds to the Earth's formation and the emergence of life, then to be unlimited future. In the study the details of this evolution, we will discuss in chapter history of scientific cosmology. >> Science VS Religion >> Arguments for the existence of God >> Cosmological Argument & Ontological Arguments >> Cosmological Argument: >> This argument believes that there must be a cause to an effect and for every effect, there must be a cause. >> An example for this one is the pool / billiard ... Ball 9 has been hit. How did it move? It can't move on it's own. It moved because the stick hit it. How can the stick hit it then? The stick hit it because a person is controling the stick. How can a person be controling a stick? This is because there is the energy. >> Infinite regress [going on backwards to a cause forever] is impossible, there fore there must be an uncaused cause! Which is what we believe as GOD. >> An example is the universe ... Now, we live here. Millions of years before, there was only plants. Millions of years before that there were only the 'Earth' with nothing. And before that, there was the BIG BANG. So what happened before the BIG BANG? [this is also what Stephen William Hawking is trying to find] There is no scientific answer to this question. The only answer now, is that God had made the universe and had created the BIG BANG.
Translated by Google
English Expression
n.: cosmology
Related Phrases
profile
astrophysics
physics
book
Buddhism
sejie
Buddhist Encyclopedia
Achromatism kingdom
geographer
historian
Astronomical history
physics
relativism
cyclopedia
Containing Phrases
pancosmism
cosmologist
cosmic
pancosmism
hologram cosmology
symmetry cosmology
collapsar cosmology
kiss cosmology
bulge cosmology
gamma cosmology
cosmology testing
cosmology Principle
cosmology letters
standard cosmology
Newton cosmology
aeration cosmology
expand cosmology
sense cosmology
Astronomical phenomena on cosmology
big Blast cosmology
Steady state cosmology
plasma cosmology
Shi'ite cosmology
Nasafei cosmology
relativism cosmology
Wenhengtai cosmology
Scale ceremony cosmology
Anti- pancosmism
Attraction Lunhe cosmology
metastable state cosmology
allow Steady state cosmology
plasm cosmology
anisotropy cosmology
Kiel Manni cosmology
Cloth reims Dike cosmology
substance Anti- pancosmism
cloth Reims Hengdike cosmology
Contouring of seed image cosmology
Fensileshi Aerial Relativism reach cosmology
Cosmology Zhou chang birthday Shanghai business marking library photocopy