Large herbivorous mammals, ungulates of a project. Third toe developed, underdeveloped or completely degraded the remaining toes, because the toe is a single number, hence the name. No clavicle, not rumination, appendix large, such as donkeys, horses, rhinoceroses and other ﹑ tapir.
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No. 2
奇蹄目
Perissodactyla (odd jī): MAMMALIA a goal. Third toe (finger) developed, the end of a hoof, the rest of the toe (finger) developed or degraded; no clavicle; stomach simple, caecum large, for the herbivorous animals. For shoes named for the singular. Can be divided into Marco, tapirs and rhinos Section Division.
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No. 3
奇蹄目
奇蹄目
奇蹄目
奇蹄目
Perissodactyla perissodactyla Perissodactyla is a project under the mammal. Comprising an odd number of animals the toes. Original Perissodactyla animals after three toes four extant Perissodactyla animal tapir (tapir) is such a toe structure. Perissodactyla members of the stomach is simple, do not have as much Artiodactyla some members compartment of the stomach, but the cecum and large cystic help digest plant fiber. There are three extant Perissodactyla suborder, namely equine suborder, hippomorpha (including Marco and extinct Brontotherium Branch], claw beast suborder, ancylopoda (extinct suborder] and angle, ceratomorpha (including tapir and rhinoceros Section Division]. Perissodactyla purpose fossils are very abundant. Perissodactyla was very prosperous prehistoric populations, different patterns of species differentiation. prehistoric animals including Perissodactyla Mesonychids (chalecothere), giant rhinoceros (indricothere) etc. Modern Perissodactyla state overall decline was due Artiodactyla better suited to digest plant fiber, so the purpose of niche Perissodactyla Artiodactyla be-coming gradually replaced. Mammalia. Includes a small part of a large herbivorous hoofed animals. Only the third toe developed, the rest of the toe or underdeveloped, or completely degraded, with toe shoes. The head angle or no angle, angle by the Department of Health and epidermal derivatives, life does not go changing, with deer and cattle, sheep classes angles are different. Mandibular incisors are present on a suitable cut grass, canine presence or degradation, molar tooth crown height, broad chewing surfaces, on which there is a complex ridge, suitable for grinding fodder. Stomach for the single-chamber stomach. Such kinds of ruminant herbivores, has a great expansion of the cecum and colon, microorganisms like that in this fermentation of fibrous foods decompose in the rumen. No liver gallbladder. Divided into three families: tapir Branch, Branch and equine rhinoceros, tapir families where the distribution is limited to Central America, South America and the Malay Peninsula. Evolution Perissodactyla Paleocene animal by animal ankle program evolved. Basically began to differentiate from the Eocene. Mammalia of an eye, mostly because of the number of toes singular name. No clavicle, femur with 3 rotor; former hind axle weight is supported through the first three toes. Extant species teeth 36 to 44; rambling like a placenta and decidua double uterine horn; nipple mouse mouse position; drop in the scrotum or testicles no scrotum; stomach is simple; cecum and large cystic; body length from 200 to 400 cm weight of 200 to 3000 kg. Perissodactyla horse-shaped heads of sub-projects and tapir-shaped sub-projects, including the extinct types, including a total of more than 10 families. Now only Marco, tapirs and rhinoceroses Section Division 3 Section 7 genera and 17 species. In the early third century, the majority of Perissodactyls small animals, the most ancient type of forelimbs have four toes, hind legs are three toes. Around the discovery of Pliocene fossils of three-toed horses, the limbs on both sides of the side of the toe gradually reduced, while existing side equines toed limbs or even disappear, and the third toe is highly developed, while the limbs are highly specialized, humerus and very short femur, radius and tibia Special Extended, reflecting equines ancestor jump from line to adapt to the forest soil gradually adapt to the grasslands Benz process. Tapir is the oldest form class Perissodactyla, rhinoceros on the system and the relatively recent. Extant tapir in the basic structure of bones and teeth retained many of the original nature of the early Tertiary, such as 4-toed front foot, three-toed hind foot, stubby limbs and so on. Rhinoceros fossils in Perissodactyla in most species, the most complex branch, is also widely distributed. Primitive forelimb four toes, hind five toes; late rhinoceros 4 to 3 forelimb toe; skull prolong and increase; molars of premolars, KK; incisors from there to. Extant rhinoceros species rarely, still retains some of the original features, if any, surviving on lower incisors, slender skull, topped the times or times of low molar crown; with horn or horns. Perissodactyla purpose extant inhabit grasslands and desert equine activities in open areas or mountainous plateau region, some resistance to dry heat, some resistance to dry cold; tapirs live in the tropical jungle and more than adequate water marsh area; Multi-class modern rhinoceros habitat in hot and humid forests, jungles or reeds. Existing equine mainly distributed in Asia and Africa, up to 50 degrees north latitude in Asia, namely two genera and 8 species. Tapirs found in southern Asia and the Americas, now living only a 4 species. Rhinoceros is now only found in Asia and Africa, namely 4 5 species. Perissodactyla except there is scientific value in the zoo exhibit also occupies an important position in which Rhino class is valuable medicinal resources animals. Some wild horses and livestock hybrid class also similar for improved breeding science experiment. States have taken measures to actively protect such rare animals.
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Perissodactyla (fossil)
jiti mu (huashi) Perissodactyla (fossil) Perissodactyla are various categories of mammalian vertebrates, its evolutionary history has been studied most clearly the class 1. Such animals toe (finger) is often an odd number, the central axis of the foot through the toes, a toe section (thumb) and the fifth toe ships have disappeared, so that the front and rear legs typically function only three toes in advances in equine or even only one toe. Most animals toe of the hoof, but there is a Division finger claw. In Perissodactyla ankle, a double bulge proximal talus pulley-shaped face, with the relevant section of the tibia, distal ankle bone is connected to the other place was a flat surface. Perissodactyla femur, on the outside of its backbone has a significant projection, name the third rotor. Such animals incisors usually complete, consisting of an active plant organs mutilated, canine degraded or disappear; premolars in the evolutionary process of gradually moving towards highly molars. Extant Perissodactyla, only horses, rhinoceros, tapir class 3, but in the geological history, in addition to the proximity of these three categories of animal ancestors, there Brontotherium, claw beast, beast and other ancient animals Perissodactyla. Perissodactyla currently the oldest known animal is found in North America and Europe beginning about 55 million years ago, a horse (Hyracotherium), has been translated as the beginning of Zuma, because it is by far the earliest known horse fossils. Asia has been found that this is an animal, but the times later. North America is the center of equine evolutionary development, early Tertiary period, starting from the early Eocene horse almost developed in Eocene mountain horse, horse straight after the late Eocene to early Oligocene in Ma, in the late Oligocene fine horse. At this time, although there are other continents have developed equine, such as China's Qian Ma (Qianohippus), but not the evolution of the main branch. During the Neogene, equine relocate several times by the North American continent, China Miocene 安琪马, new - Pliocene by the North American three-toed horses are moving into. Quaternary real horse (Equus) but also from North America [see Marco (fossil)]. The closest relationship with the Marco system is ancient beast Section. History of this species have very short, I saw in the Eocene and Oligocene, Oligocene after they disappeared. Europe is the kind of development centers animals. In addition to Europe, only a small amount of fossils found in China. Such animal's teeth like a horse, she is like a small rhinoceros, tapir-like nose, front and rear feet have only three toes. History Brontotherium Branch is also very short. Early Eocene appear first Brontotherium ─ ─ lambda beast (Lambdotherium), is only as big as dogs, to the Oligocene has become unwieldy behemoth, up to two meters tall at the shoulder, suddenly disappeared after the Oligocene . Appeared from the beginning to the final extinction of the forefoot Brontotherium have four toes, the outer toe is not degraded, there are three-toed hind foot. Such primitive animal skulls, teeth, tooth crown is not high, inside of the lower molars have two mound-shaped prongs, sharp teeth develop into the outer W-shaped ridge. Lower molars are connected by two V-shaped ridges around the composition. Early - Middle Eocene Brontotherium major development in North America, Asia, there are a few fossils were found. Late Eocene and Early Oligocene, Asia Brontotherium very prosperous, very many species, some of which extended westward into eastern Europe. Feline beast claws and teeth Brontotherium similar, but far less Brontotherium bulky body, such as the European continent Juzhua beast (Macrotherium) only horse so big, skull and body contours are like a horse. The difference is that it legs, very short legs, each leg has three toes, toe claws instead of hooves. Presumably, these animals live in small groups in the river, its claws digging roots for food. Mesonychids Division continues very long history, from the Eocene began its fossils occur until after the extinction of mankind. But throughout its entire evolutionary history, these animals had never very busy. During the early Tertiary, evolve fast species is also relatively more self-Miocene after little change in morphology (Fig. Mesonychids recovery plan). China early Tertiary and Neogene strata has its fossils were found. Now there are only two kinds of rhinoceros and Asia three kinds of Africa. But in the third century, rhinoceros prosperous and diverse, there is good at long-distance running, there are adapted to the water's edge of life, there are fresh leaves, but also eat hay. According to pedigree relationship rhino rhinoceros Division ran into subfamilies, amphibious rhinoceros rhinoceros subfamily subfamily and true three subfamilies. Running subfamily rhinoceros appeared in the mid-Eocene, Oligocene reached its heyday, after gradually disappear. Found in North America and Asia ran Oligocene rhinoceros (Hyracodon), small stature, slender limbs suitable for fast running. Forefoot four toes, three-toed hind foot; molar crown on tooth ridge into Π, lower molar crown two crescent ridges. These ridged teeth showing herbivorous diet. The rise in rhino subfamily amphibious late Eocene, from the out_set_ it is large and
Hippomorpha