Dicots, Apocynaceae. Evergreen large shrub. Leaves long and narrow, such as bamboo, red and tender and beautiful flowers like peach, hence the name. Indian origin, along Iran. Is commonly cultivated ornamental plants around. The whole plant may extract tonic. Stems, leaves toxic, can be used for pesticides. Bark fiber can be blended materials.
Translated by Google
No. 3
Evergreen shrub. Pink or white flowers, Leaves opposite or 3 whorls, narrow like bamboo, hence the name phlox. Leaves, flowers, bark are poisonous, containing cardiac glycosides.
Translated by Google
No. 4
Impatiens alias. See Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica grass 6 Impatiens."
Translated by Google
No. 5
【Latin Name】: nerium indicum mill 【Alias】: willow peach, half of Red Is】 【Branch: Apocynaceae, oleander is 【Origin】: Iran, India and other places 】 【Morphological features: Evergreen shrub, up to 5 m, glabrous. 3-4 pieces of leaf whorls, the lower part of the students in the branches, narrow lanceolate, all green, leathery, 11-15 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, light green below; lateral veins flat, dense and parallel. Summer flowers pink or white, into the top students cymes; Calyx erect; Corolla dark red, fragrant, Double; Vice Corolla scaly top of the tear. Follicle fruit oblong, 10-23 cm, 1.5-2 cm in diameter; seeds to the top with brown hair types. 【Propagation method: using cuttings, layering. By cutting mainly, but also sowing layering. Forward runs in the spring, summer can be carried out, plug the base immersed in water before cutting in 7-10 days, changing the water several times to keep the fresh water immersion, after _insert_ion in advance to take root, improve the survival rate. If all water plug, the water temperature to maintain 18-20 ° c, changing the water frequently, especially easy to root. Layering can be carried out during the rainy season, of buried pressure, cylinder pressure can be. Reproductive tiller is particularly convenient. Late spring sowing can be carried out ,18-21 ° c germination, seedling rate is higher. The main purpose 【】: ◆ ornamental value: Oleander, such as willow like bamboo leaves, safflower Shining, worth a peach, pink to dark red or white corolla, special aroma, flowering for 6 to 10 months, is a famous ornamental flower. ◆ industrial raw materials: oleander seed oil content 58.5%, the system can be pressed oil. ◆ textile materials: oleander bark blended fiber as raw material quality. ◆ medicinal value: Modern medical research shows that oleander oleander leaves contain saponins, glycosides and other substances, to spend with digitalis glycosides, aglycone, glycosides and other components of peach. They have significant cardiac diuretic, emetic and analgesic effects sweating, the effect is similar with digitalis, is a chronic cardiac glycosides. Oleander decoction of clinical reports, the trial in heart failure caused by a variety of reasons, and achieved good results. Oleander bitter cold, toxic, can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure, amenorrhea, can be used for bruises, bleeding throat, etc. ◆ environmental value: oleander have anti-smoke, anti-dust, anti-toxins and purify the air, protect the environment. Oleander leaves, of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other toxic to humans, harmful gases have a stronger role in the resistance. According to the determination potted oleander, 40 meters away from the source, subject only to minor damage, 170 meters from the basic sound, still the normal flowering, the leaves of the high sulfur pollution than not more than 7 times. Even if the whole body covered with oleander dust, still strong growth, known as the "environmental stewardship." 【Note】: Leaves and bark are poisonous, medicinal decoction or into powder, are advised to be used with caution. Edge should not be planted pasture ponds. Oleander poisoning: medical, or due to excessive oral intake of oleander and symptoms of poisoning. See license headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, and even then the sweating limbs Jue, arrhythmia, until shock and death. Expelling Integrated Traditional and Western medical treatment. The species included in the Chinese plant in the database of toxic plants and their toxicity to leaves, bark, roots poisonous. Fresh leaves of bark toxic than strong, less toxic after drying, the toxicity of spent less [a-8]. Human poisoning gastrointestinal symptoms in the early days, there is loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and thus the cardiac symptoms, heart palpitations, slow pulse of small irregular, contraction of the former, electrocardiogram with sinus bradycardia, the Housing room block, ventricular or atrial tachycardia, neurological symptoms are still salivation, dizziness, drowsiness, numbness of the limbs. In severe cases, dilated pupils, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, convulsions death. Similarly animal poisoning, cattle poisoning, severe skin cold Jue, dilated pupils, loss of appetite and rumination stop, hyperthyroidism heart palpitations, diarrhea, rapid pulse, sudden death. Autopsy, blood flow within the gastrointestinal fluid, mucous congestion and hemorrhage, bleeding spots endocardium. 1. Direct stimulation of the myocardium, the contractile force increased, causing additional ventricular contractions or ventricular fibrillation, atrioventricular block. 2. Excited medullary center, so that the role of the vagus nerve hyperactivity, so that the heartbeat slows down, myocardial tension force increases, leading to sinus arrhythmia, the formation of incomplete or complete heart block, cardiac arrest. 3. Stimulate the intestines, stomach, uterine smooth muscle contraction, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abortion. Beer. Enhanced vasoconstriction, as well as bleeding of small capillary congestion, especially visceral, Changcheng Yin red. 】 【Records: "Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi": Toxic "Shandong herbal Manual": a big drug "Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine": a highly toxic Prescription】 【detoxification: 1 15g green beans 30g licorice decoction, 2 times service 2 Ginseng, Radix all 9g, Schisandra 6g, 2 times decoction, mixed, 2 times service 【Florid】: Oleander (Peach): curse, of the danger Oleander (yellow): a deep friendship
Translated by Google
No. 6
Oleander ("Plant name, map test") Synonyms】 【arrest that Yi, arrested offspring children ("Bamboo spectrum _set_ record"), chess that health, willow Peach ("a hundred flowers calendar Wing"), call out the winter ("taxonomic tree of China"), water, licorice (" Modern Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine "), nine swelling, swollen large section (" Hunan Drug Chi "), Aries Tao (" Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "). 【Source】 as oleander plants oleander leaves or bark. 【Form】 oleander plants Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, Yunnan, Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places are growing. 【Collection】 can be taken throughout the year. Dried or fresh use. Chemical Composition】 【leaves contain cardiac components, mainly for Europe and oleander glycosides C, Department of oleander and oleander aglycone glycoside formed by sugar. Also with oleander glycosides in Europe A, Europe oleander glycoside B, C class deacetylase European oleander glycosides. Cardiac glycosides in the leaves, the highest content in the flowering stage. Also contains triterpenoid saponins (ursolic acid and the aglycone is oleanolic acid), Rutin, rubber inositol. Bark with oleander glycosides A, B, D, F, G, H, K, etc., the Department of digitalis toxicity and Ukraine aglycone aglycone his various glycosides. The root of the crystalline substance phenol, volatile oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, triterpenoid components. Flowers aglycone hydroxyl digitalis toxicity, Wu He aglycone, glycoside digitalis times, oleander glycosides H and so on. Pharmacological effects】 ① cardiac function Crude preparations i oleander: Oleander made earlier already prove that significant cardiac effects, whether leaves, stems, bark, wood and flowers have effect to the role of strong leaves, flowers weakest. Safflower production in Hunan and Fujian oleander white oleander leaf production of ethanol extract of the frog, in situ cat heart failure in the dog heart and lung devices and cats, dogs ECG studies have demonstrated cardiac glycoside-like effect. Oleander leaf extract of safflower alcohol absorption in the intestines faster, but not completely (up 52.7%); Fujian oleander leaf extract produced by the stomach and intestine after administration of similar effect, absorbing more regular, but the absorption rate is still lower than the digitalis glycosides drug, between the horns of their accumulative poison with digitalis glycosides glycosides bend between the C closer with the European oleander glycosides. Oleander leaves in the proposed non-crystalline powder, a significant accumulation effect. Infusion and the alcohol extract of guinea pigs and rats showed a diuretic effect; decoction and ethanol extract on mice also sedative, in this time of the action of the heart rate, the sedative effect (inhibition of spontaneous activity and extend the won has barbital sleep time, or in a small amount of caffeine and amphetamine in mice caused by increased activity has antagonistic effects) might be contained in the cardiac glycoside or aglycone caused. ② European oleander glycosides C (referred to as glycosides c) presented the first from Europe oleander, Oleander is made known also contain the active ingredient in, and glycoside C for the same thing. In the guinea pig and rabbit isolated heart, the heart of the reign of frogs and dogs and cats ECG studies have proved that from the domestic oleander glycosides mentioned C obtained the role of cardiac glycosides with the characteristics of intensity is between Hanako drug glycosides and the digitalis spin wool, between the role of speed (with the pigeons for testing), should belong to delayed-action cardiac glycosides. Oral drug absorption of digitalis glycosides than (31%), digoxin (25%), drugs, spin wool Hanako glycoside G (not absorb) are high, pigeons absorbed after oral administration of 3 hours was 53%, cat 3 hours after oral administration absorption rate of 50%, also higher than the horn bend glycosides (27%). Of non-anesthetized cats, to be twice the oral dose intravenous volume Fonda same effect. The median lethal dose as an indicator, the ratio of oral and intravenous injection of 1.4 to 1.6. Not be destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, but has a distinct accumulation of three days to eliminate the amount of 56.3%, 15 days excretion finished. Biological activity: glycosides C was O.368 ± 0.032 mg / kg (pigeons), O.27 ± O.0095 mg / kg (cat), compared with poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides GO.17 ± O.01 mg / kg (pigeons ) is low, about their 1 / 2 or lower, but higher than digoxin 0.544 ± 0.44 mg / kg (pigeons) and the drug digitalis glycosides O.777 ± _0.071 mg / kg (pigeons). Glycosides C therapeutic index (8.6), compared with horn bend glycosides (6) or yellow oleander ethanol solution (6.66) is high, it is more secure. Glycoside C of heat stable, there is a strong emetic effect. Expansion of the low concentration of blood vessels, so that high concentrations contraction; a small amount of uterine contraction, while a lot of tension to increase. No hypnotic effect on the cat. When the patient and the poisonous hairs of digitalis glycosides spin Hanako can not tolerate that oral tolerance can still glycosides C. The role of oral absorption occurs faster, sleep better; diuretic than digitalis weak. ② other role Leaf Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice have mild inhibitory effect, leaves and root bark on isolated guinea pig uterine stimulant. 】 【Taste bitter, cold, toxic. ① "Lingnan herbs recorded": "bitter, cold of wood." ② "Annals of Guangxi Medicine Plants": "bitter, a big drug." ③ "in Nanning City of drug records,": "Kuxin, flat, a small drug." ④ "Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine": "acrid, warm, highly toxic." 【Indications】 cardiac function diuretic, expectorant Dingchuan, analgesic, Qu Yu. Heart failure treatment, wheezing cough, epilepsy, bruises swelling, pain, amenorrhea. ① "Lingnan herbs recorded": "abortion, pass through." ② "scientific folk medicinal herbs": "Ye: cardiac, diuretic, expectorant." ③ "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "Leaves: analgesic, Quyu. Bruises, swelling and pain treatment." ④ "Atlas of Chinese Medicine Plants": "vomit." ⑤ "Survey of Shaanxi plant medicine": "antispasmodic." ⑥ "Hunan Drug Notes": "Tom Lee joint." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: decoction, 1 to 3 pm; into powder, 3 to 5 per cent. External: pound deposited. Taboo】 【pregnant women. It is not appropriate clothing Jiufu, over the poisoning. ①】 【election party governing heart disease and heart failure: oleander leaves (not the old who do not tender), Shi Jing with a damp cloth on 60 ~ 70 ℃ low temperature dried grind end. First a sub-adult household to a point Erli, divided into two to three services; the second and third days at Bali to a point Erli, two to three service points, to get better, can be reduced to each Sanli few days or more. ("Hunan Drug Chi") ② the treatment of asthma: oleander leaves seven, Nianmi a small cup. With the mash, add brown sugar porridge eaten, but it is not appropriate clothing. ("South herbs record") ③ treat epilepsy: oleander leaf three iron off the two liang. Decoction, three times a day, the 2nd served. ("Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine") 【】 Oleander have similar clinical cardiac digitalis effect, and the biological potency is higher than the latter, it has been tested in clinical heart failure caused by various reasons, and achieved good results. ① preparation, dosage and usage It is not uniform. Although the clinical use of fresh red flowers or white flowers are oleander leaves as a medicine, but different acquisition time, leaves Laonen choice, it may have different biological potency. Old and do not generally use more non-tender green leaves, others use the old leaves fall off. After the leaves collected, wiped with a clean with a damp cloth, placed in 60 ~ 70 ℃ temperature inside the drying, sifting powdered, made into capsules or tablets taken orally. Dosage many differences: i 0.2 ~ 0.3 grams daily the first 2 to 3 pm service, the future under the close observation of clinical dysfunction, heart rate, as appropriate; get better can be changed to establish conditions under which the daily volume of 0.05 ~ 0.1 , continued until symptoms and signs disappeared after the withdrawal. Ii first day of the 0.3 to 0.4 grams, 2 to 3 times service; second, three-day daily 0.2 ~ 0.3 grams, 2 to 3 times service; until after the occurrence of reduced efficacy or 0.05 g 0.1 g per day as a maintenance volume, continued until the symptoms disappeared completely after the withdrawal. Iii oleander of the dose of 0.3 to 0.6 grams are in 1 to 2 days to complete; maintenance dose of 0.1 grams per day. Each 0.1 g iv, initially at 3 times, 1 to 2 days to 2 times, 2 to 3 days and then changed to 1. According to the disease and drug response times of administration and withdrawal at any time to master. V 0.2 grams each, 2 or 3 times a day; or 0.2 grams of the first service, after the 0.1 g 3 times a day; failure to maintain control of the amount of 0.1 g after day 1. Vi @ the first day of adult O.06 ~ 0.09 grams, 1 to 2 times service; later with 0.06 grams per day, a Dayton clothing or 2 times service; to occur after the effective use of 0.03 to 0.06 grams, day 1 as a maintenance dose. And that the starting dose of not more than 0.09 grams per day to maintain not more than 0.06 grams per day. In addition, some units will oleander leaves in several different methods, different use, a method: several consecutive sunny days in mid-September, after collecting about 12 noon in the older leaves, washed and dried, milling loaded capsules. An 60 mg each, 2 or 3 times a day, serving 2 to 3 days, with a maintenance dose after 25 to 100 mg per day, the vast majority of 50 mg per day. Method B: 10:00 on sunny days or so, even picking old, three kinds of tender leaves, washed and placed in 70 ℃ temperature inside the drying, milling equipment capsule. About twice higher than a method dose: first, the 2nd 300 to 400 mg per day, divided into 3 to 4 times daily, when the heart rate and other symptom relief, the change of 100 mg daily for 5 to 7 days after the withdrawal. C method: the oleander old leaves one, as the equivalent of 0.1 g × 20 calculation of digitalis, dry mill stand; Nerium oleander of the dose equivalent to the old leaves from 0.5 to 1 to maintain the capacity 1 / 20 ~ 1 / 30. D method: mid-August afternoon in three seasons picking white oleander leaves, wash temperature of 50 ~ 60 ℃ placed inside the drying powdered for use. Oleander doses of 150 to 450 mg (most with 200 mg), 1 to 4 days (mostly 2 to 3 days); maintenance dose of 50 to 100 mg per day. Practice has proved that leaves Laonen, acquisition time, climate and method of roasting the content of cardiac glycosides, the clinical dose is different in the future should be a unified specification. In addition to oral law, but also can be used enema, mainly used for oral treatment of nausea and vomiting affected cases. Oleander leaf powder each with 20 ml of 0.2 gram of water, made after the clean enema retention enema, the condition of patients with 1 to 3 times a day. ② Observation Has been tested in clinical heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, syphilitic heart disease and congenital heart disease, postpartum heart disease, caused by viral myocarditis and other heart failure, have achieved better results, more than 90% efficiency. Most cases were significantly improved after treatment or a different degree of improvement, the performance increase as far as possible, edema or improvement, reduced liver, heart rate, pulse rate and pulmonary rales disappeared or reduced, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, cyanosis and other symptoms disappeared or reduced venous pressure decreased lung arm, arm to shorten the cycle time of tongue. Cases of atrial fibrillation associated with a small number revert to sinus rhythm, ventricular rate and, although the majority, but the atrial fibrillation persists. Effective time of occurrence, the fastest within 12 hours after administration, and some in 1 to 2 days, and some in the 3 to 4 days only to see the effect. Time most of the basic control of heart failure in a week or so. Generally agreed that the role of oleander occurred faster than the accumulation of digitalis weaker. The diuretic effect of oleander significant increase in urine volume after treatment, although not added with diuretics, but the swelling subsided quickly; but also the effect that the oleander shortness of breath and lower the heart rate to remove the most significant edema and diuretic effects subside more times, or that the medication, respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, early recovery, and pulmonary rales, edema, liver and large disappeared later. Zhu Huai folder documented coronary artery spasm with ease, and use it to treat clinically proven myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic heart disease, syphilitic heart disease, angina symptoms of heart failure, there are also effects, this point seems more foreign Huang is superior. In addition, it was noted that the efficacy of oleander to hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure is most significant. Oleander leaves are also considered as a direct effect on the myocardium, can increase cardiac output, so for high-output heart failure, such as chronic pulmonary heart disease to receive satisfactory results. It is noteworthy, it has been pointed out that the oleander leaf of rheumatic myocarditis (active rheumatic heart disease) may be negative, should be used with caution or not. 【】 Oleander poisoning similar to digitalis toxicity, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, can occur in severe block, bradycardia, ectopic rhythm and other cardiac response. However, according to clinical observations, its toxicity is lower than that of digitalis may be related to the amount of small, rapid excretion, cumulative effect of the weak-related; and occurs at doses above about 30% of the reaction. Most of nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea; individual with dizziness, fatigue, tingling fingers or lips, somnolence, temporary dementia, purple and so on. Small number of cases arrhythmia, scheduled before the contraction, conduction block, atrioventricular separation from sinus rhythm into atrial fibrillation and so on. Also that some of the patients after serving oleander nausea, vomiting, but the digestive tract caused by irritation, does not mean that poisoning with digitalis overdose should be carefully nausea and vomiting when differentiated; like to continue medication, the digestive tract symptoms can be gradually reduced. It should be noted, not only with the dose of high toxicity, but also to the patient's tolerance of and sensitivity, are also closely related. Although the amount of clinical case has been reported much, but cause of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, complete atrioventricular block, ventricular extrasystoles of the serious consequences of failing to grasp the changes in condition early withdrawal, resulting in death. Therefore, strict control of dosage and usage, closely observe the patient's condition (including ECG observation), is an important part of preventing poisoning. Toxicity occurred, generally by the withdrawal, reduction or symptomatic treatment can disappear. Such as vomiting and severe impact of treatment, may be needed to Dongmian Ling, diarrhea can be cast to the tannic acid protein. Arrhythmia, while small, but there appears to illustrate the treatment of oleander dose and toxic dose is very close. Upon the occurrence of arrhythmia that is discontinued and treatment with potassium. It was suggested that, while serving oleander leaves, 3 grams daily of potassium chloride should be given, but requires close attention to changes in urine output. In addition, due to excessive clothing and cause serious oleander poisoning or death, the domestic is also frequently reported. Are taken by patients or their families picking their own fresh oleander leaves, the number of pieces from more than 10 to 60 months. In addition to death, the poisoning cases were mainly for cardiac toxicity, expressed as 2 degrees or complete atrioventricular block, complete atrioventricular block or sinus bradycardia associated with and have A - Sri Lanka's comprehensive Zheng, accompanied by the on_set_ of atrioventricular block and sinus tachycardia heart slow, etc., and gradually restored by the rescue.
Translated by Google
Introduction
Pinyin: jiā zhú táo 【Latin Name】: Nerium indicum Mill 【Alias】: willow peach, half of Red Biology Categories】: angiosperm, Dicotyledon, rough gentian, Apocynaceae, oleander is Color: Red, white (red is the natural color, white is artificially propagated)
Translated by Google
Details
Evergreen shrub, up to 5 meters, water liquid, glabrous. 3-4 pieces of leaf whorls, the lower part of the students in the branches, narrow-lanceolate, 11-15 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, light green below; lateral veins flat, dense and parallel. Apical cymes; Calyx erect; Corolla dark red, fragrant, Double; Vice Corolla scaly, the top tear. Follicle fruit oblong, 10-23 cm, 1.5-2 cm in diameter; seeds to the top with brown hair types. Iranian origin, is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions; provinces in China are growing. Bark blended fiber as raw material quality, but also distill tonic; roots and bark contain cardiac glycosides and phthalocyanine class of crystalline substances and a small amount of oil; stems and leaves can be produced pesticides, their stems, leaves, flowers are toxic, it secretes the milky sap contains a toxic substance called oleander glycosides, eating will be poisoned. Bark blended fiber as raw material quality; leaves and bark are poisonous, medicinal decoction or into powder, are advised to be used with caution. To cardiac diuretic, Dingchuan analgesia. Trial in heart failure, wheezing cough, epilepsy, bruises, swelling and so on. And can be produced pesticides, eating can be fatal to humans and animals. This species of sulfur dioxide, chlorine and other toxic gases have a stronger resistance. Roots and bark contain cardiac glycosides and phenolic substances and a small amount of oil crystallization. Environment: All Department of cultivation, more common in parks, factories and mines, green-way street. Often cultivated as an ornamental garden around the plants. Collection and Processing: summer and fall leaf collection, fresh or dried. Properties: bitter cold of a big drug. Like peach flowers, leaves, like bamboo, all year round, Evergreen does not change. From spring to summer to autumn, the flowers come and go. Facing the spring, braving the heavy rain, scorching sun, Tuyan fight fang. Oleander ancestors in India, Iran, it is a dwarf shrub, the trunk, branches, there are many branches, the smallest twigs green. Oleander leaf grown very interesting. The leaves to form a group around the branches grow out from the same place. Oleander leaves are long, lanceolate, leaf edges are smooth, leaf main vein on the long straight from the petiole to the tip, many offshoot from the main vein on the birth, neatly arranged horizontally. There oleander leaves a thin layer of "wax." This layer of wax for the leaf water, insulation, so that plants will survive the cold. Therefore, the oleander are not afraid of the cold in winter, still green attitude does not change. Oleander flowers have fragrance. Flowers clustered at the branch length of the top of them together is like an open umbrella. Oleander flowers shaped like a funnel, overlapping petals, red and white, where red is its natural color, "white" is created by artificial long-term cultivation of new varieties.
Translated by Google
Country of Origin
Iran, India and other countries and regions. In the 15th century as an ornamental oleander product was introduced into China.
Translated by Google
Morphology
Evergreen shrub, up to 5 m, glabrous. 3-4 pieces of leaf whorls, the lower part of the students in the branches, narrow lanceolate, all green, leathery, 11-15 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, light green below; lateral veins flat, dense and parallel. Summer flowers pink or white, into the top students cymes; Calyx erect; Corolla dark red, fragrant, Double; Vice Corolla scaly top of the tear. Follicle fruit oblong, 10-23 cm, 1.5-2 cm in diameter; seeds to the top with brown hair types. Stem erect, smooth, typical trigeminal branches. Three impeller life, less for students and two four-wheel opposite, linear-lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, entire, leathery, shiny leaves, lateral veins pinnate his life. Apical cymes, corolla funnel-shaped, red and white, single lobe, semi-double petals or double petals, aroma, Meng long cylindrical pod. Flowering from June to October, the fruit of December 1 the following year in January. Common cultivars are: white oleander, white flowers, single lobe; Double oleander, red flower petals; yellow oleander, yellow flower, univalve.
Translated by Google
Reproduction
By cuttings, layering. By cutting mainly, but also sowing layering. Cuttings in the spring, summer can be carried out, plug the base immersed in water before cutting in 7-10 days, changing the water several times to keep the fresh water immersion, after _insert_ion in advance to take root, improve the survival rate. If all water plug, the water temperature to maintain 18-20 ° C, changing the water frequently, especially easy to root. Layering can be carried out during the rainy season, of buried pressure, cylinder pressure can be. Reproductive tiller is particularly convenient. Late spring sowing can be carried out ,18-21 ° C germination, seedling rate is higher.
Translated by Google
Oleander hardwood cuttings in summer which need attention
High summer temperatures, rain, humidity, disease, insect damage more frequently, oleander cuttings required attention to the following questions: First, the seedbed of the _select_ion and treatment Seedbed to _select_ a sunny leeward, not water, soil diseases, insects, weeds less adequate fertility, ease of management of land as a seedbed. Seedbed should generally east-west, cutting propagation No matter what way have to be careful soil preparation. The depth of the general land should reach 25-30 cm, bed width of 1 meter, the length fit, trail width of 50 cm. When heavy clay soil can be properly mixed with sand, and pay attention to soil fumigation. Second, the choice and treatment of cuttings 1. Ear as the mother tree _select_ion shall adopt, to have high quality, robust growth, no pests and other conditions. In the same plant, the cuttings to _select_ year students generally sunny in the upper branches and internode short, thick foliage, bud sub full. In the same branches, hardwood plug is generally used in the lower part of branches, notches should be smooth, cut the top level, the bottom of notches cut into slope. Cut branches, the choice of 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, thick branches, the length of 15-20 cm cuttings, cuttings must have two or three buds, the notches of about 1.5 cm away from the bud to remove the lower leaves. In pruning, the red and white varieties separately. 2. Cutting varieties cuttings processing will separate article to do with mining, with the stub, with the cuttings. To improve the survival rate of cutting in cuttings, the cuttings root of the dozens of neatly bind them in bundles, with ABT rooting powder on the 1st Baptist 100ppm Article 2-8 hours, with a rooting powder on the 6th of Article 30 to 100ppm soaked 1-8 hours, Under normal circumstances 1 g Powder 3000 can handle cutting Strains. 3. Cutting method and density of the soil should be sterilized before cutting, filling enough water to slotting. Cuttings will be treated by cutting 5x5 cm spacing. Pay attention to stability of the top and bottom plug, plug to fail, and the soil must Tightlock cutting incision, and to prevent scratches cutting incision of the cortex. To this end, with iron bars and other first slotting perforation, and then _insert_ the cuttings, but the depth of perforation length is slightly lighter than the cuttings, so cuttings can be _insert_ed into the soil. The depth of cutting exposed to one or two buds above ground is appropriate, after cutting and marked and recorded. 4. After _insert_ing the required management of the majority of flowers rooting temperature is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, relative humidity 80% to 85%, generally 15 to 20 days after _insert_ing the root. After the cuttings have to spray enough water, the soil in close contact with the cuttings. To prevent the temperature is too high noon, the best shade. Soil moisture status under water once every morning and evening, but the water spray is not too much, or affect the healing of rooting cuttings. To prevent bacteria occurs about every 10 days, spraying a sterilizing liquid. The second spring transplanting.
Translated by Google
Potted oleander
Oleander native India, Iran and Afghanistan, in our long history of cultivation, urban and rural areas throughout the north and south. Likes the adequate light, warm and humid climate conditions. Also a little cold in the warm temperate zone can be exposed to winter, not leaves. Beijing branches of Family pot can be put bagging rope tied at the back of sunny winter wind. Oleander naturally strong, Low, and drought, the soil not strict, but still loose and fertile plants, soil permeability and strong common culture as well, avoid wet plot flood basin earth for a long time. Of dust and a variety of harmful gases with strong resistance. Oleander mainly to cutting propagation. In April between the combined pruning, cutting a 15 cm thick branches for cuttings about. Several root bundles can be a bunch, in a shallow basin 清水中浸泡, water depth cutting 1 / 3. Shallow pots placed in plastic bags heat seal sun exposure. After two weeks of rooting out, using ordinary potting plant on the sub-basin or a small tube conservation nursery bags. Survival of cuttings sprout, bud developed into a robust _select_ion of new strains, and the remaining erase. When the new plants grow to 20 cm high, put on barrel diameter of 20 cm pots, basin earth fill to the new base line, about the original cuttings buried in the soil and make it a root, the occurrence of a large number of fibrous roots, so that a new strain flourishing. Be dry next spring pruning, to develop three branches of a tree full of strong nine strains. The base of the old oleander plants sprout clumps often many shoots. To 10 cm long to be a long time, breaking down can be _insert_ed with the heel of the cultivation of soil in the full maturity, the shade moisture, the survival rate is also high. Oleander robust nature, the higher the extensive cultivation and management. 2 years Fanpen pot for soil 1, the bottom of the basin can be feathered hooves, horns and put some long-acting fertilizer. Applied according to the discretion of growing season growing 1 to 2 times liquid fertilizer. Oleander pruning resistance, germination ability, aging plants can change soil in the spring update with Fanpen pruning will cut off all the branches from the base, and promote the germination of new branches and rejuvenation. General plants should also be moderate pruning in spring to keep plants well-balanced posture, tree vigor strong. Summer pot to ground water, water, hold basin and the environment moist, but do not wet water years. Oleander There is also a feature, as long as a large plot of drought or water logging dehydration, all the plants yellow lower leaves soon fall off, so watering should be timely and appropriate. After strong early spring pruning, pay attention to Le water to prevent root rot infection. Pine Pentu stick in a timely manner, promptly after the removal of faded flowers, summer aphids and spider mite damage occasionally be used to eliminate common pesticides.
Translated by Google
Oleander and clinical application of the pharmacological effects
Nerium oleander plant for the folder Hsinchu NeriumindicumMill. CvPaihua leaves. This product category is cardiac medicine. Bitter, cold, toxic, in the final Heart Sutra. Main function of cardiac diuretic, expectorant Dingchuan, analgesic, blood stasis. Modern clinical use of drug treatment of heart failure, wheezing cough, epilepsy, traumatic injury, amenorrhea, alopecia areata. This product is toxic, taken orally decoction at a dose of 0.3 ~ 0.9 g. A pharmacological effect 1.1 cardiac function: oleander leaves, stems, bark, wood, flowers, are more significant cardiac effects, the strongest effect to leaves. The ethanol extract of leaves of oleander glycosides contained in the European C in experimental animals the heart and ECG manifestations of cardiac glycoside-like effect, may enhance the contraction of cardiac muscle fibers, extended refractory period, inhibition of cardiac conduction and stimulation of the vagus nerve to the heart conduction more reduced. The effective dose of the experimental animals to enhance myocardial contractility, contraction amplitude increased at the same time, blood pressure, with an increasing, almost poisoning, blood pressure began to decrease arrhythmia. It is a delayed-action cardiac glycosides, digitalis is stronger than, weaker than the poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides. 1.2 diuretic effect: infusion and ethanol extract on experimental animals showed a diuretic effect, but weaker than digitalis. 1.3 Sedation: decoction and ethanol extract of oleander on the sedative mice, showing decreased locomotor activity, drowsiness, and can extend the pentobarbital sleep time, but no anticonvulsant effect, its sedative effect in cardiac after the change. 1.4 Pest Control role: the bark water extract and gum are off the role of insects and snail, with oleander leaf water extract and ethanol extract of separating and refining, the toxicity of Lymnaea snail control than the standard drug clonazepam Liu amine was 14 times better than fruit and phorate molluscicidal drug safety. 1.5 Other Effects: European oleander glycosides C emetic strong effect on the heat stable, small doses of uterine contraction, dilation of blood vessels, large doses to increase uterine muscle tension, contraction of vascular smooth muscle. In addition, the leaves on the mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was inhibited. 1.6 body process: the intake of oleander material in the stomach, intestinal absorption faster than the experimental cats after oral administration, 3 hours absorbed about 50%. Pigeon measured with the oral absorption rate of the European oleander glycoside C 53%, compared with digitalis, digoxin, about twice as high, so the role of a rapid, but the cumulative effect is more obvious and stock dove 37%, between claw between the larva and digitoxin. 3 days to eliminate 56.3%, and 15 days excretion finished. Animal experiments also showed that oral administration of the European oleander glycosides C to be 2 times the intravenous dose of the same effect to appear. Clinical application of 2 Mainly for the treatment of heart failure, dosage varies. Are generally used fresh leaves do not wipe the old non-tender, low-temperature drying or dried into powder and sifted, loaded capsules or labeled as tablets, each containing crude drug 0.05g, rapid administration of moderate dose to the method sub- The former 0.2 ~ 0.6g, points 2 to 3 times daily for the first 23 days as appropriate, according to symptoms and heart rate changes in administration, maintenance dose after the switch to effect a cure. Day 0.05 ~ 0.1 g, 1 week or after the withdrawal symptoms. Coverage of the oleander each from the 150 ~ 800 mg dose range (mostly 200 mg or so). Some think that oleander doses of 0.5 to 1 equivalent of the old leaves can be completed in 1 to 4 days (usually 2 to 3 days), and 50 ~ 100 mg per day to maintain relief to the law, day 1 to maintenance dose, the leaves have Laonen, collecting the climate, time, processing methods will affect the content of cardiac glycosides, so the clinical dose is different, difficult to uniform specifications. Oleander treatment of heart disease caused by heart failure, most people believe that satisfactory outcome, the role of fast and cumulative effect of digitalis than the smaller, usually 12 to 72 hours after treatment effect occurred. Symptoms and signs were improved and improved. Heart rate slows down performance, increased urine output, edema, or improve, the liver reduced, cough, chest tightness, such as the disappearance or alleviation of cyanosis, pulmonary rales reduced or disappeared. Some restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation, the majority of heart failure can be controlled at around 1 week, usually more than 90% efficiency. For heart failure associated with angina, oleander treatment better. According to historical records with ease oleander coronary artery spasm. It should be noted that the activity of rheumatic heart disease is invalid, may myocarditis negative, should be used with caution. Use the "Yellow, glycoside" (stone in the nuts from the yellow oleander extract derived from an intravenous injection), and oleander capsules for the treatment of 21 patients with heart failure patients achieved a significant effect, 19 cases of oral folder Bamboo the minimum amount of Peach 0.4 g, maximum 1.6 g, the average amount of normal 0.4 ~ 0.9g, which can effectively increase the patient's urine, to eliminate edema, decreased venous pressure, medication continued until the symptoms disappeared after the switch to maintain the volume. In 21 patients, only 2 cases of oral oleander and the occurrence of arrhythmia in general gastrointestinal side effects, the withdrawal, potassium returned to normal soon after treatment. With the oleander, the most common response was vomiting, had considered various digitalis excess vomiting, may be just a bad reaction, some patients continue medication after vomiting, but gradually reduce their gastrointestinal symptoms. In short this product contains a variety of cardiac glycosides, cardiac function of its stronger. Oleander leaf decoction used in clinical oral overdose can cause death, taking the effective dose and the occurrence of toxicity accounted for about 30%, and the tolerance of the patient and the sensitivity of such a great relationship, so the clinical use of drugs should be closely observed disease, including ECG observation, to ensure safety.
Translated by Google
The main purpose
Ornamental value: Oleander, such as willow like bamboo leaves, safflower Shining, worth a peach, pink to dark red or white corolla, special aroma, flowering for 6 to 10 months, is a famous ornamental flower. Industrial raw materials: oleander seed oil content 58.5%, the system can be pressed oil. Textile materials: oleander bark blended fiber as raw material quality. Medicinal Value: Modern medical research shows that oleander oleander leaves contain saponins, glycosides and other substances, to spend with digitalis glycosides, aglycone, glycosides and other components of peach. They have significant cardiac diuretic, emetic and analgesic effects sweating, the effect is similar with digitalis, is a chronic cardiac glycosides. Oleander decoction of clinical reports, the trial in heart failure caused by a variety of reasons, and achieved good results. Oleander bitter cold, toxic, can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure, amenorrhea, can be used for bruises, bleeding throat, etc. Environmental value: oleander have anti-smoke, anti-dust, anti-toxins and purify the air, protect the environment. Oleander leaves, of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other toxic to humans, harmful gases have a stronger role in the resistance. According to the determination potted oleander, 40 meters away from the source, subject only to minor damage, 170 meters from the basic sound, still the normal flowering, the leaves of the high sulfur pollution than not more than 7 times. Even if the whole body covered with oleander dust, still strong growth, known as the "environmental stewardship."
Translated by Google
Detoxification prescription
① cardiac function Preparation of a crude oleander: Oleander made earlier already prove that significant cardiac effects, whether leaves, stems, bark, wood and flowers have effect to the role of strong leaves, flowers weakest. Safflower production in Hunan and Fujian oleander white oleander leaf production of ethanol extract of the frog, in situ cat heart failure in the dog heart and lung devices and cats, dogs ECG studies have demonstrated cardiac glycoside-like effect. Oleander leaf extract of safflower alcohol absorption in the intestines faster, but not completely (up 52.7%); Fujian oleander leaf extract produced by the stomach and intestine after administration of similar effect, absorbing more regular, but the absorption rate is still lower than the digitalis glycosides drug, between the horns of their accumulative poison with digitalis glycosides glycosides bend between the C closer with the European oleander glycosides. Oleander leaves in the proposed non-crystalline powder, a significant accumulation effect. Infusion and the alcohol extract of guinea pigs and rats showed a diuretic effect; decoction and ethanol extract on mice also sedative, in this time of the action of the heart rate, the sedative effect (inhibition of spontaneous activity and extend the won has barbital sleep time, or in a small amount of caffeine and amphetamine in mice caused by increased activity has antagonistic effects) might be contained in the cardiac glycoside or aglycone caused. ② European oleander glycosides C (referred to as glycosides c) presented the first from Europe oleander, Oleander is made known also contain the active ingredient in, and glycoside C for the same thing. In the guinea pig and rabbit isolated heart, the heart of the reign of frogs and dogs and cats ECG studies have proved that from the domestic oleander glycosides mentioned C obtained the role of cardiac glycosides with the characteristics of intensity is between Hanako spin wool and drug digitalis glycosides, between the role of speed (with the pigeons for testing), should belong to delayed-action cardiac glycosides. Oral drug absorption of digitalis glycosides than (31%), digoxin (25%), drugs, spin wool Hanako glycoside G (not absorb) are high, pigeons absorbed after oral administration of 3 hours was 53%, cat 3 hours after oral administration absorption rate of 50%, also higher than the horn bend glycosides (27%). Of non-anesthetized cats, to be twice the oral dose intravenous volume Fonda same effect. The median lethal dose as an indicator, the ratio of oral and intravenous injection of 1.4 to 1.6. Not be destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, but has a distinct accumulation of three days to eliminate the amount of 56.3%, 15 days excretion finished. Biological activity: glycosides C was O.368 ± 0.032 mg / kg (pigeons), O.27 ± O.0095 mg / kg (cat), compared with poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides GO.17 ± O.01 mg / kg (pigeons ) is low, about their 1 / 2 or lower, but higher than digoxin 0.544 ± 0.44 mg / kg (pigeons) and the drug digitalis glycosides O.777 ± _0.071 mg / kg (pigeons). Glycosides C therapeutic index (8.6), compared with horn bend glycosides (6) or yellow oleander ethanol solution (6.66) is high, it is more secure; glycosides C more stable to heat, there is a strong emetic effect. Expansion of the low concentration of blood vessels, so that high concentrations contraction; a small amount of uterine contraction, while a lot of tension to increase. No hypnotic effect on the cat. When the patient and the poisonous hairs of digitalis glycosides spin Hanako can not tolerate that oral tolerance can still glycosides C. The role of oral absorption occurs faster, sleep better; diuretic than digitalis weak. ② other role Leaf Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice have mild inhibitory effect, leaves and root bark on isolated guinea pig uterine stimulant.
Translated by Google
Notes
Leaves and bark are poisonous, medicinal decoction or into powder, are advised to be used with caution. Edge should not be planted pasture ponds. Oleander poisoning: medical, or due to excessive oral intake of oleander and symptoms of poisoning. See license headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, and even then the sweating limbs Jue, arrhythmia, until shock and death. Expelling Integrated Traditional and Western medical treatment. The species included in the Chinese plant in the database of toxic plants and their toxicity to leaves, bark, roots poisonous. Fresh leaves of bark stronger than toxic, less toxic after drying, the toxicity of spent less [A-8]. Human poisoning gastrointestinal symptoms in the early days, there is loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and thus the cardiac symptoms, heart palpitations, slow pulse of small irregular, contraction of the former, electrocardiogram with sinus bradycardia, the Housing room block, ventricular or atrial tachycardia, neurological symptoms are still salivation, dizziness, drowsiness, numbness of the limbs. In severe cases, dilated pupils, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, convulsions death. Similarly animal poisoning, cattle poisoning, severe skin cold Jue, dilated pupils, loss of appetite and rumination stop, hyperthyroidism heart palpitations, diarrhea, rapid pulse, sudden death. Autopsy, blood flow within the gastrointestinal fluid, mucous congestion and hemorrhage, bleeding spots endocardium. 1. Direct stimulation of the myocardium, the contractile force increased, causing additional ventricular contractions or ventricular fibrillation, atrioventricular block. 2. Excited medullary center, so that the role of the vagus nerve hyperactivity, so that the heartbeat slows down, myocardial tension force increases, leading to sinus arrhythmia, the formation of incomplete or complete heart block, cardiac arrest. 3. Stimulate the intestines, stomach, uterine smooth muscle contraction, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abortion. Beer. Enhanced vasoconstriction, as well as bleeding of small capillary congestion, especially visceral, Changcheng Yin red.
Translated by Google
Remind
Modern medical research shows that oleander oleander leaves contain saponins, glycosides and other substances, to spend with digitalis glycosides, aglycone, glycosides and other components of peach. They have significant cardiac diuretic, emetic and analgesic effects sweating, the effect is similar with digitalis, is a chronic cardiac glycosides. Oleander decoction of clinical reports, the trial in heart failure caused by a variety of reasons, and achieved good results. Oleander bitter cold, toxic, can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure, amenorrhea, can be used for bruises, bleeding throat, etc. Oleanders are evergreen shrubs, leaves the shape of the ends of long lanceolate; beautiful flowers bloom in summer, very long flowering period, divided into color Pink, red, yellow and white and so on. Whole plant with a poisonous oleander, poisoning symptoms are nausea, vomiting, lethargy, cardiac arrhythmias, the worst case, loss of consciousness or even death are possible, so the face of oleander, just enjoy the like, do hands-Oh ! Oleander - Overview medicine name: oleander English name: Sweetscented Oleander Leaf (oleander leaf) Scientific name: Nerium indicum Mill. (Original plant) Synonyms: arrest that Yi, children get arrested, dulcis that health, willow peach, call out the winter, water, licorice, nine swelling, swollen big festival, peach Aries Families and genera: oleander plants Medicine site: oleander leaves or bark. Oleander leaf Tropism of taste: bitter, cold, toxic. Into the heart, lung and kidney after three. Research: ① "South herbs recorded": "bitter, of Big Chill." ② "Annals of Guangxi Medicine Plants": "bitter, a big drug." ③ "in Nanning City of drug records,": "Kuxin, flat, a small drug. "④" Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine ":" acrid, warm, highly toxic. " Efficacy Category: Water Shenshi drug benefit Effect Indications: cardiac diuretic, expectorant Dingchuan, analgesic, Sanyu pain. Heart failure treatment, wheezing cough, epilepsy, bruises swelling, pain, amenorrhea. Dosage: Oral: decoction, 1 to 3 pm; Yan Mo, 0.5 ~ 1. External: pound deposited. Medication contraindications: use during pregnancy. Not appropriate clothing Jiufu, excess is toxic. Drug compatibility: 1, with Zhigancao, attending heart kidney failure, heart palpitations water Ling evil. 2, with cassia twig, stasis, pass through the analgesic effect increased. 3, with ephedrine, asthma cough, benefits of water swelling. Oleander - leaves contain chemical constituents of cardiac components, mainly for Europe and oleander glycosides C, Department of oleander and oleander aglycone glycoside formed by sugar. Also with oleander glycosides in Europe A, Europe oleander glycoside B, C class deacetylase European oleander glycosides. Cardiac glycosides in the leaves, the highest content in the flowering stage. Also contains triterpenoid saponins (ursolic acid and the aglycone is oleanolic acid), Rutin, rubber inositol. Bark with oleander glycosides A, B, D, F, G, H, K, etc., the Department of digitalis toxicity and Ukraine aglycone aglycone his various glycosides. The root of the crystalline substance phenol, volatile oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, triterpenoid components. Flowers aglycone hydroxyl digitalis toxicity, Wu He aglycone, glycoside digitalis times, oleander glycosides H and so on. Oleander - Cultivated varieties of common cultivars are: white oleander, white flowers, single lobe; Double oleander, red flower petals; yellow oleander, yellow flower, univalve. Other representatives of the Chinese Apocynaceae species are: 1, Rauwolfia - shrubs; stem bark gray. 3 to 4 leaves often whorled, oblong. Flowers small, white, calyx lobes triangular, corolla tall dish; stamens was born in the middle of corolla tube wall. Stone fruit from green to dark red, purple after the change. South China and Taiwan common. This species and related species of plants contain alkaloids reserpine, Rauwolfia A prime such, the content of 1% to 2%, raw materials for the medicines Jiangyaling. 2 eggs, flowers (Gardenia Burma) - yellow egg center by the name Corolla. Native to Mexico. South China Nanling cultivation, there are mountains in southern Yunnan Yi to the wild. Deciduous tree; branches thick, succulent shoots, rich milk. Leaves thick paper, large, oblanceolate, lateral veins parallel. Apical cymes, corolla red, corolla outside of cultivated varieties of white, yellow center. Guangdong, Guangxi folk often adopt the dried flower tea drink, hot and humid with diarrhea and detoxification treatment, lungs and effect. Common cutting propagation, easily survived. Is a common ornamental plant. 4 Ervatamia - Wild in southern Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan culture. India has. Fold the edge of corolla lobes often named as a dog-like teeth. Shrubs; leaf axils in a flat and enlarged glands. Leaves opposite. Cymes axillary, often twins; Corolla white crown, univalve, cultivars for the Double; stamens with the corolla tube below the middle wall. Follicle outer curved fruit, seeds, hair-free species. Is a common ornamental plant. Leaves can lower blood pressure, folk medicinal roots and leaves. Oleander - oleander growth habit of origin in India and Iran, are now planted in subtropical and tropical regions. Introduction of China began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, provinces and regions are growing. Hi ray, hi warm and humid climate, not cold, avoid water stains, resistant to a certain extent, air dry. Fitness was born good drainage, fertile, neutral soil, slightly acidic, slightly alkaline earth can adapt. Oleander dust and toxic gases on the class of strong absorption. Oleander - value of ornamental value: Oleander like bamboo leaves, such as willow, safflower Shining, worth peach, pink to dark red or white corolla, special aroma, flowering for 6 to 10 months, is famous for ornamental flowers. Industrial raw materials: Oleander seed oil content of 58.5%, the system can be pressed oil. Oleander Textile materials: Oleander bark blended fiber as raw material quality. Medicinal value: Modern medical research shows that oleander oleander leaves contain saponins, glycosides and other substances, to spend with digitalis glycosides, aglycone, glycosides and other components of peach. They have significant cardiac diuretic, emetic and analgesic effects sweating, the effect is similar with digitalis, is a chronic cardiac glycosides. Oleander decoction of clinical reports, the trial in heart failure caused by a variety of reasons, and achieved good results. Oleander bitter cold, toxic, can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure, amenorrhea, can be used for bruises, bleeding throat, etc. Medicinal election party: 1, heart disease and heart failure treatment: oleander leaves (not the old who do not tender), Shi Jing with a damp cloth, in the 60 ~ 70 ℃ low temperature drying into powder. First a sub-adult household to a point Erli, divided into two to three services; the second and third days at Bali to a point Erli, two to three service points, to get better, can be reduced to each Sanli few days or more. ("Hunan Drug Chi") 2, the treatment of asthma: oleander leaves seven, Nianmi a small cup. With the mash, add brown sugar porridge eaten, but it is not appropriate clothing. ("South herbs record") 3, treatment of epilepsy: oleander leaf three iron off the two liang. Decoction, three times a day, the 2nd served. ("Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine") Environmental value: Oleander have anti-smoke, anti-dust, anti-toxins and purify the air, protect the environment. Oleander leaves, of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other toxic to humans, harmful gases have a stronger role in the resistance. According to the determination potted oleander, 40 meters away from the source, subject only to minor damage, 170 meters from the basic sound, still the normal flowering, the leaves of the high sulfur pollution than not more than 7 times. Even if the whole body covered with oleander dust, still strong growth, known as the "environmental stewardship." Oleander - Notes leaves and bark are poisonous, medicinal decoction or into powder, are advised to be used with caution. Edge should not be planted pasture ponds. Oleander poisoning: medical, or due to excessive oral intake of oleander and symptoms of poisoning. See license headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, and even then the sweating limbs Jue, arrhythmia, until shock and death. Expelling Integrated Traditional and Western medical treatment. The species included in the database for the Chinese plant in the poisonous plant, its leaves, bark, roots poisonous. Fresh leaves of bark stronger than toxic, less toxic after drying, spent less virulent. Human poisoning gastrointestinal symptoms in the early days, there is loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and thus the cardiac symptoms, heart palpitations, slow pulse of small irregular, contraction of the former, electrocardiogram with sinus bradycardia, the Housing room block, ventricular or atrial tachycardia, neurological symptoms are still salivation, dizziness, drowsiness, numbness of the limbs. In severe cases, dilated pupils, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, convulsions death. Similarly animal poisoning, cattle poisoning, severe skin cold Jue, dilated pupils, loss of appetite and rumination stop, hyperthyroidism heart palpitations, diarrhea, rapid pulse, sudden death. Autopsy, blood flow within the gastrointestinal fluid, mucous congestion and hemorrhage, bleeding spots endocardium. 1, the direct stimulation of the myocardium, the contractile force increased, causing additional ventricular contractions or ventricular fibrillation, atrioventricular block. 2, the excited central medulla oblongata, the role of the vagus nerve hyperactivity, so that the heartbeat slows down, myocardial tension force increases, leading to sinus arrhythmia, the formation of incomplete or complete heart block, cardiac arrest. 3, stimulation of the intestines, stomach, uterine smooth muscle contraction, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abortion. Enhanced vasoconstriction, as well as bleeding of small capillary congestion, especially visceral, Changcheng Yin red. Oleander - 1, cultivation and management, propagation method 2 cultivation techniques Oleander's adaptability, cultivation and management easier, whether planted or potted plants to have relatively extensive. Planted in the ground where, to be transplanted in the spring, transplanting should be re-cut. In winter to protect. Prone to scale insects damage leaves, should pay attention to prevention. Department of hi fat oleander plants, potted in addition Shizujifei, but in the growing season, once a month should be topdressing fertilizer. 3, pest and disease control Spring and summer growing season, buds vulnerable to aphid damage. Oleander folder, also known as willow peach, half red. Are Apocynaceae, Apocynaceae genera. [Morphology] Large evergreen shrub, stems erect, smooth, typical trigeminal branches. Three impeller life, less for students and two four-wheel opposite, linear-lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, entire, leathery, shiny leaves, lateral veins pinnate his life. Apical cymes, corolla funnel-shaped, red and white, single lobe, semi-double petals or double petals, aroma, Meng long cylindrical pod. Flowering from June to October, the fruit of December 1 the following year in January. (See Figure 2 - 10) Common cultivars are: white oleander, white flowers, single lobe; Double oleander, red flower petals; yellow oleander, yellow flower, univalve. [Habits] Native of India and Iran, are now planted in subtropical and tropical regions. Our introduction began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, provinces and regions are growing. Hi ray, hi warm and humid climate, not cold, avoid water stains, resistant to a certain extent, air dry. Fitness was born good drainage, fertile, neutral soil, slightly acidic, slightly alkaline earth can adapt. Oleander dust and toxic gases on the class of strong absorption. [Cultivation techniques] Propagation: by cuttings mainly, but also planting, layering. 1. Cutting: in spring and summer can be carried out, plug immersed in water before cutting the base of 7 - 10 days, changing the water several times to keep the fresh water immersion, after _insert_ion in advance to take root, improve the survival rate; such as total water plug, the water temperature maintaining 18-20 ~ C, changing the water frequently, especially prone to ? BR> 2. Layering: the rainy season can be carried out of buried pressure cylinder can be obtained. 3. Sowing Method: simple, convenient and feasible. Available at the spring, 18 ~ 21 ℃ germination, seedling rate is higher. Management: oleander should be transplanted in the spring, autumn and winter bring their soil transplant. And to trim some branches, to facilitate survival. Note that in the initial transplant, the planting hole should not be waterlogged, to facilitate the early on_set_ of new roots. Whether to plant or plants, are subject to planting of loam, choose a sunny, well-ventilated environment. Greenhouse pot in November moved north, winter temperatures to be above 5 ℃, the spring in March before a room. Daily management of the required ground water in arid and winter fertilizer 1-2 times. Temperature above 15 ℃ can be continuously flowering, but also pay attention to the tiller thinning, pruning shaping. Oleander pest less, but the hot weather, poor ventilation caused by scale insects damage, it should pay attention to ventilation. After the insects found out in time with a small brush collection. Sometimes subjected to aphid damage, the occurrence of aphids, with 40% dimethoate, omethoate and other 1000 - 1500 times spraying, and to protect ladybug, grass and other natural enemies Ridge. [Use] Oleander for waterfront, corner Court, under the foothills and fencing, the planting, the tree of its strong, so many around the plant. Isolated plants, trees group planting, plant the garden in Western-style, especially feel reconciled. Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Oleander Branch
Translated by Google
Record
"Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi": Toxic "Shandong herbal Manual": a big drug "Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine": a highly toxic "Toxic Plants": the toxic oleander oleander glycoside composition, similar to digitalis poisoning symptoms, mainly a violation of digester, followed by the circulators violated - especially the heart.
Translated by Google
Florid
Pink oleander: curse, of the danger Florid yellow oleander: a deep friendship Oleander yellow oleander is a special breed in the past, yellow oleander like bamboo leaves, such as willow, yellow Shining, worth a peach, yellow and deep pink corolla yellow or white, have a special aroma, blooming 6 to October, is famous for ornamental flowers. The whole plant are highly toxic oleander, poisoning symptoms are nausea, vomiting, lethargy, cardiac arrhythmias, etc. In severe cases, even loss of consciousness or death, then there may be, so the face of oleander, just enjoy the like , remember to keep watch hands MO moves!
Translated by Google
Related Articles
Oleander Ji Oleander flowers is not expensive, nor the most beautiful flowers; but for me to say, it is the most memorable to spend the most memorable! Do not know what the reason, do not know since when, in my hometown of the city, almost every family on the pots are planted oleander, and both placed in the entrance wall of the screen wall, facing the front door. Guests entered the door, smelling the fragrance burst, into the purpose of the wax-like green or snow-like leaves and flowers Hongxia, immediately felt like walking into your house, a great feel at home. Door of our house there is also a two basins, a pot of red, white pot. When I was young, went out every day and from below. I think the red fire, flowers, white flowers make me think of snow. Fire and snow are incompatible: but the two are in harmony flower opening together, like fire and snow or snow and fire. I therefore pleasure, little heart in that very wonderful, very interesting. However, separated by a wall of the door, the oleander is silent there quietly, a flower lost the battle, but also out of a, a whirring yellow flowers, and grow a whirring; in the warm spring breeze, heavy rains in the summer, in the cold late autumn, the lush not see any particular time, I can not see any particular decay time of the day without wind Nongzi, from spring until fall, until winter jasmine Hosta from flowers and chrysanthemum, all take on. This toughness, compared with those flowers in the yard together, form a strong contrast is not it? With such tenacity, could that cause my fantasy, I love phlox. Many years from now, I just went out like oleander below. My first short stature, we must look up to see the flowers. Then I started a long high, oleander in my eyes gradually became shorter again. Until my eyes flat as you can see flowers, I left home. I left home, over many years, through many places. I have seen in different places, oleander, but are not impressed. Two years ago, I visited Myanmar in Yangon will open in a few days later, Myanmar's many friends to accompany us to the ancient capital of Bagan in Myanmar to visit the north. This places the well-known pagoda, the "City of Vantaa" in the title. It is said that, when there Vantaa. Today, the number although not as much, but, Zongmu around, Mountain of rocks Xun, group tower cluster days, poured out one by one from the ground, like the mountains of Yangshuo, and like the Yunnan Stone Forest. With "mushroom" This is the old saying, differences worthy of comparison. Although plants and trees are still green, but what is the winter season, a bleak deserted and cold weather. However, in this place, in front of the building we live in, I was surprised to find old friends oleander. Zhu Zhu nearly related to one floor of a high, and even went so far as I initially did not recognize them for. Be more than the domestic color, in addition to the red and white outside, remember there are yellow. Leaves more than I've seen the green like a green wax, flowers open in the high branches, more like a piece of the red glow at sun_set_, clouds of snow, blossoming Huang. Luxuriant lush, concentrated Tsui pressing, with the city deserted and cold in sharp contrast. Every day I just walked out of this under the oleander. The evening with friends in Myanmar idle lean on a railing in the upstairs balcony, talked about a variety of problems, talk about the history of Bagan, Myanmar talk about cultural exchange, about friendship between the Chinese compatriots like friendship. Ancient tower in the distance this time into the dusk gradually hidden, near the ancient tower on a few lights shine brightly along the path, such as the Mountain of Hope illusion. I reach out to the bars to the top of oleander branches can be caught. Flowers also fits and starts floating up the stairs from below, as if the China-Burma Friendship Xunde more fragrance. In this way, the wan in the United States for the oleander moving memories, and coated with a layer of gorgeous eye-catching color of friendship the people of Burma. More from this .... I love oleander (Note: This article has been income sixth-grade language for Jiangsu in the next volume of 18 courses)
Translated by Google
Ai Qing prose "Zhanjiang, oleander"
Ai Qing Spring of 1965, the Department of the Central Reclamation held in Zhanjiang, "National Farm Conference" after a friend came back and said: "Zhanjiang really beautiful, the water is blue, the streets tidy and clean, tree-lined on both sides of the road is a species of oleander , we go to are blooming, the leaves, as leaves, flowers such as azaleas, almost all roads lead to the street, you think, deep blue river blue, red red oleander ... ... " Oleander species of tree-lined road, the first time I heard. Are usually seen oleander planted in large pots, only one high. Species in the street, that the more high, and the flowers much larger than the azalea, oleander planted street, roads, the more the United States. So, my mind, even with Zhanjiang and oleander, can no longer be separated from. I long to aspire to Zhanjiang. In March this year, I finally have the opportunity to Zhanjiang, my heart would like to see for themselves the natural form of oleander tree-lined road. Zhanjiang Port Authority to arrange new cover and we did not completed, five-storey "Xiashan Hotel." I took "Xiashan Hotel," the fifth floor, immediately looking out the window in the corridor, the distance is blue Zhanjiang, near the roof of a lot of lightning, and later heard that the peninsula is Zhanjiang, which the mine Leizhou many and well known. I looked in the window a long time, did not find oleander. I went to Zhanjiang, of course not to see oleander, my task is to visit Zhanjiang Port. He died last cigarette in the ashtray screwed added: "Zhanjiang is a natural harbor. Premier Zhou came, he said, Zhanjiang is 'south of Qingdao'; General Chen Yi, also came, he said, Zhanjiang is the 'Geneva of China'. " One is the "South of the Qingdao", a "Chinese in Geneva," nothing but that the United States very Zhanjiang. In the "Seamen" eating on the road, sidewalks are not clean, kind of the jackfruit, the fruit is large, but not mature, do not know what that smell is. There are also palm, but no oleander. To search for Zhanjiang trace the history of film, we visited two old workers. One is the local Zhanjiang Zheng Shan, has fifty-nine years old. The other is Shanghai Kang Hong Ya County, has also been Fifty-one years old. Apart from them, Zhanjiang and a young man's Yang Zhenhong jobs from the Air Force, he engaged in the Port Authority publicity. Talk is loose. As the demolition of an old sweater, find a thread pulled, and have to find thread - on and off said, thinking. Started off by saying: "From 1898 to today, the French landed eighty year. "We're small, Zhanjiang just a little long in the terminal, only thirty tons below dock trestle wooden sailing docks, loading and unloading of goods by barge, by more than two hundred dock workers shoulder bar lift. To 'Cunjinqiao 'for the sector, designated as' foreign sector' (French Concession), 'in Tang' (the Chinese area). "Zhanjiang port on Dongshan Island, the island is French Vaud. We and the French fought to drive them off the 'Cunjinqiao'. "The French opened in Zhanjiang, a 'million profit the company', is gambling, there opium museum to sell opium, opium can make the boat go back several shipments of gold and silver. French annual income of 1.6 million yuan from Saigon opium money. "At that time, the total population of less than fifty thousand, and there are more than a thousand prostitutes. "Japanese 'Mitsui', 'Mitsubishi' is also doing business in Zhanjiang. "The French, Japanese, the KMT, a total of half a century of rule of Zhanjiang, only one power plant, a match factory, a hand-weaving factory, a small factory manufacturing firecrackers. "At that time workers bitter Zhanjiang: A bar, two rope, Difficult to survive on the streets ... ... "In the past the old pier, which is now the first operation area. When are sugar cane, ground melon, dead cemetery, often bandits infested, five or six o'clock in the afternoon, no one dared to side. "There is also a place of execution, corpses thrown on the beach. The sea is also often floating corpses. "Zhanjiang workers are coming from everywhere from hunger. "Seafarers have revolutionary traditions. Twenties have the party's work. 1939 established a branch in Guangzhou Bay. "One hundred ninety-five O began to have their own pilot. "Built after the liberation of many new buildings, repair the road, planted in the tree-lined road oleander, palm, jackfruit, coconut, but coconut planted in Zhanjiang, Hainan Island fruitless. "At that time, Zhanjiang streets are clean, flowering oleander, to look more beautiful. "Zhanjiang population to four million, it became the seventh largest port in China. With chemical plants, machinery plants, agricultural machinery plant, sugar mills, canning factory ... ... hundreds of thousands of workers. Office of the Water Resources Specialist, Medicine, Meteorology professionals. "Now is the most popular urban beach messy bones of the past." Zheng Shan from The boy started, now is the territory's total dispatcher; Ya-Hong is now deputy director of the first operation area, tube gantry crane repair technical guidance. We first visited the Port Authority of arrangement is the first work area. We take a small boat to the first operation area. The terminal has five berths, take the food, fertilizer, cement and general cargo imports and exports. The terminal can berth fifty thousand-ton cargo ship, fifty thousand square meters of warehouses. Fifteen _set_s gantry crane, the workers three thousand two hundred people. Annual throughput of 2.3 million tons to 2.5 million tons. Zhanjiang is a port of the European exchanges. 1966 Premier Zhou Enlai instructed: "into the port of Zhanjiang port support world revolution." Betterment of Hong Kong encountered the most difficult period is 1968 to 1969, many workers are out "revolution", and only some do not go to work. The introduction of technology can not be used by the interference of anarchism. Phosphate is one hundred ninety-seven O terminal, designed, and we do not agree with H program, did not see the calculations, the Ministry is not approved, there is no sign to start a Chief Engineer. Do not listen to the chief engineer, said that "to think, daring to do" is actually anarchism, the results of broken beams, reinforcement was delayed for two years. A total loss of over six hundred thousand yuan. This is what is called "design units of the good relations." Between the crane and gantry crane has repeated. Hanging doors on both sides of leakage, contamination is very powerful. Phosphorus is the third operation area terminals. The operation area by the "gang of four" interference, what "xenophilia", "like large ocean", a flying hat Dingding, the terminal completed, Shanghai contractor's equipment can not. "Gang of Four" and "to do the master terminal, the tonnage of the slaves do not do" Black Wind was blowing, and frequent "pressure vessel" phenomenon. Phosphate movement will not go out, affecting agricultural production. 1973, foreign ships to cargo backlog too much, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed: "Three years to change the port face." Like thunder, so that we pick ourselves up, Zhanjiang Port has developed a second, third operation area (the latter in the one hundred ninety-seven O operation area had been designed years). We came to the second operation area. Pier twenty-three thousand-ton ship anchor the Greek ship. The terminal also has Canadian and Australian ships. We do not go far, twenty-ton ship anchor Panama "color Silas" number. Nineteen _set_s the work area gantry crane, the largest one made in Italy. Ferry took me to the oil terminal. Here are fifty thousand-ton oil terminal and oil terminal kiloton level, there are over one thousand five hundred meters of crude oil terminal. Seventy-ton ship anchor near a large oil tanker "Daqing" number. Panama ship "Allen" was passing from the sea ... ... The work area is transport of oil, if the port deepened to accommodate 2.4 million tons. Annual throughput of 7.6 million tons. The third operation area was originally an island, it is now filled with a human into a peninsula. Here are eighteen _set_s gantry crane, last year reached 9.5 million tons throughput. Comrade Port Authority, said: "according to the throughput that the port of Zhanjiang, seventh in the country. Last year a total of sixteen countries had parked two hundred and forty boats, including Japan, Somalia, Soviet Union, Greece, Panama, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, France, Liberia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Pakistan ... ... "Is to require foreign ships loading and unloading time, rewards and punishment, slow loading, six or seven thousand dollars a day fine. Charter is the same. "Last year Hong Kong handed over the profit 21.53 million yuan." Today, on the river no wind and no waves, we _set_ forth a small boat to go straight sixteen miles, back to the first operation area, we go ashore. I did see the "South Qingdao", "China's Geneva," the magnificent scenery. However, I feel regret that I never saw the oleander - bright red oleander, oleander, as the mall, when they were cut down by what's it? What kind of people could even hostile to beauty? My heart has been very bored. May 1979 Beijing (From "Ai Qing _Select_ed") Zhanjiang Evening News reprinted Ai Qing prose "Zhanjiang, oleander" Zhanjiang City is still everywhere oleander, but they never see Ai Qing was gay. Bing passed last year, re-read the "Zhanjiang on the 10th," many people have _set_ off waves of heart, has disappeared over Lan. Compiled and distributed this draft aims to enable more people to re-examine Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang understand, appreciate her energy and love and action in order to plunge into the modern industrial port city new construction.
Translated by Google
Flowers encyclopedia
Oleander Introduction Oleander Families and genera: Apocynaceae Alias: Characteristics: Oleander evergreen shrub or small tree, 5-6 m high, single-impeller raw, leathery shiny leaves lanceolate, 10-25 cm long, in the vein of significant lateral veins close and parallel, entire, edge slightly reflexed. Apical cymes, corolla funnel-shaped, red or white, single lobe or double petals, flower diameter 4-5 cm, fragrant fruit follicles oblong, flowering in 6-9 months, December fruit ripening. Distribution and habits: Habits: oleander hi sunny, warm and humid environment. In the central, eastern area can be cultivated in open field, and more plants in North China, strict requirements on the soil of slightly acidic, slightly alkaline soil can be adapted to loose and fertile soil is suitable. Propagation: Available cutting, layering, rooting of shoot water plug particularly vulnerable. Propagation and cultivation: Shoot water interpolation can be carried out from March to October, the specific methods are as follows: ⑴: Wash the bottle or other glass bottles filled with water. ⑵: _Select_ 1-2 years old oleander branches 25-30 cm long, remove the lower leaves, leaving 6-9 leaves on top of missiles, the branch cut, and immediately _insert_ed into a water bottle, in the upper paper wrapped around the branches, such as bottle thickness of the bottle plug so that the next segment of 10 cm from the bottle to the bottom of the spring on the hospital, do not let direct sunlight. ⑶: spring, one month can take root more than 20, you can remove Zairu pots; summer, 10 days to reveal the white root root 15 to-20 days 16-20 bar, root length 9 cm, 1.5 cm long lateral roots up to 3 - 6. Flower pots or garden can be implanted, the first 5 days to shade, watering every morning and evening, after management can relax, and gradually see the light, so that high survival rate, up to hundred percent; transplantation should pay attention, be careful to cultivate oleander seedlings out from the bottle, the prepared soil into the pot first, third, and then placed in pots with the hand and the central, and I fill soil in flower pots carefully, do not use hand in real soil, but will fill the pot of soil immediately after watering, the soil implemented. Application: Oleander tree of robust, easy to survive, the four seasons of the world. Application to the column in the garden planting, group planting, plant clump better. Anti-tobacco, anti-drug and anti-dust ability are strong, it is the vanguard of green plant species. Photo:
Translated by Google
English Expression
: nerium
n.: dogbane, oleander, rosebay, evergreen Mediterranean shrub with red, white or pink flowers and tough leaves
French Expression
n. laurier-rose (d'lnde)
Related Phrases
vegetation
traditional Chinese medicinal materials
flowers and plants
Apocynaceae
Import
stuff
timber
nanyangtong
Zhanjiang
Ai Qing
prose
Harbor City
Zhanjiang dogbane
Containing Phrases
Apocynaceae
Dogbane aphid
Jiazhu Amyedalus L.
red dogbane
Dogbane flower
grass dogbane
aphis nerii
oleander
Oleandrin
apocynin
karabin
floral leaf dogbane
Petals dogbane
Luckynut Thevetia Seed
herb dogbane
dogbane sphinges
white dogbane
safflower dogbane
snow dogbane
Xiaomai dogbane
dogbane denaturation
Zhanjiang dogbane
oleandomycinum
Yellow Dogbane candy
Daguo dogbane
thevetin
Neriantin
Adynerin
dogbane scald
flowerless dogbane
Xanthic flowers Folder Bamboo Amyedalus L.
xanthic flowers Sweetscented Oleander Leaf
Single branch Dogbane alkali
Dogbane Flower Wing question
Kangli Dogbane alkali
Dogbane Gray mildew
phlox
dogbane violet root rot
Dogbane silk Pyrenomycetes illness
periwinkle Apocynaceae
Jiazhu Peach root corrupt nematodiasis
Dogbane barb nematodiasis
Dogbane spiral nematodiasis
Zhanjiang dogbane
periwinkle Apocynaceae
Medicinal plant dogbane scald
Dogbane Flower Wing question
Ge Zhongyang County School Mother appear Dogbane flower Thoughts The book