Ethiopia (pronounced /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/) (Ge'ez: ʾĪtyōṗṗyā) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country situated in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the northeast. Its size is 1,100,000 km² with an estimated population of over 79,000,000. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world and Africa's second-most populous nation. Ethiopia has yielded some of humanity's oldest traces, making the area a primary factor in the origin and developmental history of humanity, with recent studies claiming the vicinity of present-day Addis Ababa as the point from which human beings migrated around the world. Ethiopian dynastic history traditionally began with the reign of Emperor Menelik I in 1000 BC. The roots of the Ethiopian state are similarly deep, dating with unbroken continuity to at least the Aksumite Empire (which officially used the name "Ethiopia" in the 4th century) and its predecessor state, D`mt (with early 1st millennium BC roots). After a period of decentralized power in the 18th and early 19th centuries known as the Zemene Mesafint ("Era of the Judges/Princes"), the country was reunited in 1855 by Kassa Hailu, who became Emperor Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history. Ethiopia's borders underwent significant territorial reduction in the north and expansion in the south, toward its modern borders for the rest of the century owing to several migrations and commercial integration as well as conquests, especially by Emperor Menelik II and Ras Gobena, culminating in its victory over the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, ensuring its sovereignty and freedom from colonization. It was brutally occupied by Benito Mussolini's Italy from 1936 to 1941, ending with its liberation by British Commonwealth and Ethiopian patriot forces.
Historically, people in Ethiopia practiced some of the oldest democratic systems in the world, including the ancient Gada system. Ethiopia has the largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa and the country is famous for its Olympic distance athletes, rock-hewn churches and as the origin of the coffee bean. Having converted during the fourth century AD, it was one of the earliest countries to officially adopt Christianity, after Armenia. Ethiopia also has a considerable Muslim community, dating from the earliest days of Islam – being the site of the first Hijra in Islamic history, the earliest ninth-century Sultanates, the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash and home to the holy Muslim city of Harar. The country has been secular since 1974. Historically a relatively isolated mountain country, Ethiopia by the mid 20th century became a crossroads of global international cooperation under the leadership of Emperor Haile Selassie I. It became a member of the League of Nations in 1923, signed the Declaration by United Nations in 1942, and was one of the fifty-one original members of the United Nations (UN). The headquarters of United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) is in Addis Ababa, often labeled Africa's "Diplomatic Capital," as is the headquarters of the African Union (formerly the Organisation of African Unity), of which Ethiopia was the principal founder. When several African countries gained independence, they adopted Ethiopia's national flag colors of green, yellow and red, often labeled as Pan-African colours. There are about forty-five Ethiopian embassies and consulates around the world. In the Human Development Index Ethiopia is placed 169th out of 177.
East African landlocked countries. Area of about 109 93 million square kilometers. Population 54.9 million (1995). Addis Ababa. Most of the area known as the roof of Africa, "the Ethiopian plateau, 2,500 meters above sea level. Located in the tropics, the temperature vertical changes. Agricultural economic important sectors. Is the world's coffee producing countries of origin and important. The main export of coffee.
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No. 3
埃塞俄比亚最佳旅游时间： 在亚的斯亚贝巴, 全年平均温度为16℃。massawa(红海边)为30℃。最宜访之时节为10月至6月。无四季之分,只有干季(10-1月, 4-5月)及雨季(大雨季6-9月,小雨季2-3月)。如前所述,因地热甚高,空气稀薄,激烈运动及喝过量的酒会导致高山病,宜加注意。
埃塞俄比亚民俗节庆活动： 埃塞俄比亚一年中有许多传统和宗教的节日，从春季开始，有9月11日的埃塞俄比亚新年(tseday)。这是丰收季节的开始，也是举行聚会和婚礼的时节。这个国家最热闹的节日是埃塞俄比亚的"元旦"（enkutatash）、十字纪念日（maskal）、埃塞俄比亚的圣诞节（gena）（1月7日）、埃塞俄比亚的主显节（timket）、埃塞俄比亚的复活节（faseka）,加百利节(kulubi gabriel), 玛利阿姆节(gishen mariam), 阿克苏姆节(axum tsion)。 虽然奥玛尔和希克·侯赛因(omar and sheik hussein) 节是最重要的穆斯林节日,伊德·阿尔·阿达节 (id al adha)、伊德·阿尔·费蒂尔节 (id al fetir) 和毛利德节 (maulid) 也是普遍庆祝的节日。
埃塞俄比亚特别提醒： 小费:
出租车司机:通常不需给。搬运行李者:需给1比尔。往内陆方向旅行时,需给向导或司机小费。充当向导或搬运工的小男孩通常较喜欢小礼物如铅笔、签字笔,或英文故事书为小费.饭店:一般服务性小费.帐单中会加10-15%的服务费.
餐厅:帐单的5-10%.
邮政通信：
埃塞俄比亚大街道有街名,小街道和胡同没有名字,各家住户也没有门牌号,取信要到邮局,买报纸主要靠报童。
电源 埃塞俄比亚全国通用电压为220伏。电力为交流电,50赫兹;1,3相;2,4线;使用欧洲规格的插头. 但在厄立特里亚(eritrea)省的电压一般是280/12伏. 插头规格roundpin attachment plug without earth connection.
货币 埃塞俄比亚的货币是比尔，等于100分。只要游客在到达时向海关申报，可以允许带入不限数量的外币。兑换外币只能在官方允许的银行和饭店。
游客在进入埃塞俄比亚之前被要求出示近期注射黄热病疫苗的证书。那些刚刚访问过或经过了霍乱发病地区的游客要在到达埃塞俄比亚的6天前注射霍乱疫苗。
亚的斯亚贝巴的自来水水质不佳，请勿生饮，宜小心谨慎，自外返回旅馆后，必须洗脸、洗手。请多饮用饭店销售的矿泉水(当地产制者称为ambo)。
埃塞俄比亚美食： 埃塞俄比亚的饮食也很有特色。参加一次传统的埃塞俄比亚饮食聚餐就如同参加这个国家其他的绚丽多姿的庆典仪式一样?quot;英吉拉(injera)"，这是用当地苔麸粉或大麦粉做成糊状发酵后，在平底锅内烙烤而成的,配上"瓦特(wot)"(主要加入了咖喱粉和辣椒) 是当地餐馆普遍提供的食谱。
埃塞俄比亚购物： 埃塞俄比亚是非洲第三大咖啡生产国,仅次于乌干达和象牙海岸。咖啡出口是埃塞俄比亚最重要的外汇来源。而且国内大量劳动人口都属于咖啡业。艺术和手工艺品：埃塞俄比亚的独特的手工艺品和他们的生活方式密切相关。源于教堂、历史悠久的绘画传统对埃塞俄比亚独特的工艺美术的发展起到了促进作用。关于所罗门国王和示巴女王故事的著名"喜剧漫画"常常被认为是传统绘画的缩影。南部地区的木雕面具以及哈拉尔地区花样繁多的十字架深受游客的喜爱。还有竹制的管弦乐器和小鼓是多种多样的传统乐器中的一部分。 埃塞俄比亚交通： 1.航空、埃塞俄比亚的国家航空公司是eal（埃航）。 凡是乘坐eal国际航班的乘客都可以享受到在埃塞俄比亚国内线路的优惠。大多数主要城镇和景点都可以乘坐飞机到达而价钱要比国际标准便宜。 eal有着优秀的安全纪录和优质服务。
2.公路、为了充分游览埃塞俄比亚的众多的景点，陆路旅行是个好办法。但是游客必须知道，由于地形的关系，埃塞俄比亚境内的路况普遍都比较差。因此，陆路旅行是比较费时间的。可优先考虑选用四轮驱动的汽车。
3.铁路、铁路系统从亚的斯亚贝巴经的拉德瓦到吉布提。想坐火车旅行的乘客应该有偶尔晚点的准备。
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