St. Bernard dog (saint bernard) St. Bernard dog originating in Denmark, in Switzerland has a long history, but the mid-1800s, an increasing number of small almost to the point of extinction. Now most of Saint Bernard dog hybrids. It is a veritable giant working dog, weight can be up to 100 kg, height up to 1 meter. St. Bernard dog kind, love, love and children together. It is loyal to his master, easily trained, good at saving. In Denmark, when the storm coming, they will Daxian hand, blowing snow, rescued countless persons in distress. 3rd century, St. Bernard dogs have been engaged in arduous mountain rescue, rescue the lives of 2,500 people now even though the road has been modernized transport, this rescue skills no longer needed, but the dog still smart, gentle family dog won praise [font color = # 000000]. [/ Font] http://pet.lohas-china.com History: St. Bernard's St. Bernard dog because of the Alps, named after the monastery in AD 980, the St. Bernard dog as guardian of those across the dangerous Alps Road's famous visitors, but unfortunately can not be verified also chronicle the early century .18 , monastery of clerics keeping this dog for dangerous mountain in the wizard to find lost people and make it wake up missing. St. Bernard dog is short-haired breeds, in order to prevent inbreeding, joined the Scottish dog breeds, resulting in a fluffy now dog. is called "Barry" the St. Bernard dog, who rescued 40 people's life, _set_ one of the greatest achievements, died in 1814. Nature: St. Bernard dog is very large dog, very gentle personality, easy to get, very tolerant of children, such as to give enough space, food, physical activity, can become a good family dog. Head: skull large and round, the amount of segments clearly distinct, short snout, thick. Flat cheeks and long upper lip was hanging. Ears: medium size, drooping. Eyes: Medium size, bronze. Nose: The nose is large, black, well developed muzzle. Body: thick and wide chest, strong back, tilted to the waist. Coat: short-haired species regardless of species or long-haired, was Mao Dufeng thick, flat coat, red brown mottled color pattern, orange, or red spot color with the head, chest, limbs, tail, white, or white on patches of various colors. Limbs: forelimbs straight and long, thick and powerful hind limb bones. Foot: very large, very elevated toes, dewclaws should be removed. Tail: tail length, _set_ on high. Rest in the bottom of the tail, raised up activities. Height: tall huge St. Bernard dog (saint bernard) The origin of the St. Bernard dogs have a lot of argument. The most likely way of saying 1 to 2 century AD, the Roman army in Asia will be a great dog Moluo Se (molosser) brought to Switzerland, with a local dog hybrid (this local dog when the Romans invaded In this place) after the offspring. Centuries later, St. Bernard dogs were widely used in dairy farms and the Alps, as a guard grazing and trailers. AD 1050 Tai Hande (taihund) the rapid development of St. Bernard dog, at this time, archdeacon bernard de menthon in the Swiss Alps has established a well-known shelter to shelter those who cross the Alps St. Bernard dog . Because shelters in the late 16th century was destroyed by the war, most of the files lost, so St. Bernard dogs first came to the shelter of the time can not be verified. Until 1707, only records the first mention of a St. Bernard dog (also occasionally referred to). St. Bernard's St. Bernard dogs in shelters pass to save the tourists in distress, at that time a very well known. Careful study of historical, St. Bernard dog is about 1660 ~ 1671 in the first visit between the shelters. Possible, the St. Bernard dog to the shelter to accompany the monks through the long winter (in winter, shelters isolated). In this isolated place of refuge, a St. Bernard dog inbreeding with different hospice (hospice) dogs. In brutal conditions, only the strong survival skills of the dogs in order to survive and reproduce. Therefore, it also inherited genetic characteristics to the offspring. Lonely monks are in the sermon with a St. Bernard dog, they quickly discovered that dog in the snow can also find their way, this highly developed sense of smell dog lost in a blizzard to find people. St. Bernard dog with the monks from work, and left many touching stories. St. Bernard dogs in shelters have been three centuries, it is estimated that a total of 2000 saved the lives of individuals. Although it became a repair train tunnels through the Alps, on foot or by car through the St. Bernard pass in order to reduce the NPC, but the monks continued to keep a St. Bernard dog as their partner, which is to commemorate the traditional shelters. St. Bernard dogs need training to complete these tasks, because they have the instinct of relief; or, more accurately speaking, the monks of this nature is the basis for training in St. Bernard dog. In the company of monks, young dogs and dogs with a year-long patrol, search for casualties of the travelers. When the dog found the victims, will be lying on his side, give him warm, and licking his face to regain consciousness at the same time, a police dog will return to shelters and return to lead the rescue scene. In addition to their way skills and strong sense of smell to find buried in the snow where the victims, the St. Bernard dogs have an incredible sixth sense that can detect the arrival of the avalanche. There have been reports that a St. Bernard dog in a few seconds before the on_set_ of an avalanche suddenly left the original position, after a few seconds in the original position for several tons of snow and ice. Although the 1800 before this rescue shelter dogs have been known, but people still call it "shelter dog" and no other name. 1800 to 1810, the shelter of one called "Barry" in the history of the most famous Saint Bernard dogs are dogs. In its half-century after his death, in the Swiss dog shelter dog called Barry (Barry saved a total of 40 individuals, the legendary Barry to save the first 41 individuals mistakenly believe that the wolf will kill him). The legend is just an interesting story. In fact, Barry in 1814 died in Berne, Switzerland, well-being. So far in the Natural History Museum in Bern Barry's portrait is still preserved. 1816 ~ 1881, Institute of climate and exceptionally poor relief, many dogs are dead. At that time, it is easy to find in the valley like dogs, in a few years, the hospice dogs resumed the previous look. In 1830, they encountered the same situation, with bad weather is due to defects caused by inbreeding and disease problems, the monks make use of the opposite sex hybridization build larger and more healthy dogs. Newfoundland dogs when Bishengbona larger body, but also rescue instinct, was chosen to cross with the St. Bernard dog. This hybrid dog achieve the desired objectives and does not undermine the type and characteristics of the St. Bernard dog. But because of this hybridization, The first time a long-haired St. Bernard dogs, and in 1830, all of St. Bernard dogs are shorthair. Initially thought to long-haired St. Bernard dogs are more resistant to cold poorhouse, but unfortunately, the ice can be frozen in the long-haired, and this dog is not suitable for ambulance use. Discovered this fact, the monks of St. Bernard will be long-haired dog as a gift to friends, leaving only a short-haired dog of St. Bernard. Britain early in 1810 on the import of some relief to the hospital with their dogs Mastiff Mastiff cross, when the British called this dog to do "secred dogs", in about 1828, this dog in Germany called "alpen dog. 1833, the writer Daniel 'Wilson, the first time such a dog named St. Bernard dog, but until 1965 the name was clearly there, in 1880 the name was officially identified as the dog name. The latter half of the 17th century, the valley in Switzerland, while short-haired breed with long hair and two kinds of St. Bernard dogs, dogs all over Germany and eventually the other European countries. 1877, living in Zurich, the Swiss St. Bernard dog experts hosted an international conference. At this meeting, the development of a St. Bernard dog of international standards. In 1888, the British established St. Bernard dog club, they accepted the Swiss international standards. The club has been to promote the development of Saint Bernard dogs to work, the club is Britain's oldest specialist dog clubs. Breed Standard [] A strong overall appearance, body parts of muscle rich, strong and powerful, large head, face very smart. Black patches dog's face more severe, but nature is not bad. [Head] the same as the whole body, very powerful, impressive. Huge skull is wide, slightly arched, the sides smooth tilt, and developed with high cheekbones connected, occipital more developed. Orbital edge is very prominent, and the head of the long axis at right angles. Between the eyes, starting at the root of snout with a deep groove, almost across the entire skull. The first half of the deep to the occipital faded. Inside the head of the line from the back of the head to go to the eyelids. The skin of the forehead above the eyes a little wrinkle, groove to the central concentration of the forehead, especially when the dog is alert, these wrinkles more obvious, but did not give the impression of sadness. Wrinkle Pattern too is not ideal. Skull and snout steep angle junction. Snout short, from the root to the tip tapering, kiss than the depth of the root length of snout large. Snout of the edge is not arched, but straight. A very wide, shallow ditch, but it is clear from the roots up to kiss the nasal tip. Edge on the lower lip missing, the next edge to form a graceful upward bend of the curve. Drooping lower lip is not obvious. Teeth must be healthy, strong, scissors bite or level bite, but scissor bite better. Lower jaw prominent, although occasionally in a good dog, but not ideal; overshot a disadvantage, palate mucosa black ideal. Nose - wide, open nostrils, like the lips, there is always black Ear - Medium size, ears high, the base of the head slightly left, fold down, close to the head. Ear soft, slightly rounded to form a triangle. Leading edge of the ear close to the head, after a certain distance away from the head edge, especially when the dog is in alert state. Little dog ears Fenkai distance, the base of the ear close to the head, so that the head oval contour is not clear, while the base of the skull, ears look wider, square. Eye - position in front of the skull rather than the side. Medium size, dark brown, eyes bright and friendly. Eyes not sunken nor prominent. Lower eyelids, including the formation of an angle at the corner of the eye. Eyelids drooping over the lacrimal gland was red and thick haw visible light or eye color is not too pleasant. [Neck] _Set_ high, very strong, when the dog is alert when fully erect, or slightly level. Back of the neck muscles are very rich, rounded edges, which makes the neck look shorter. Significantly below the skin of the neck drooping, sagging but not too good. [] Tilt and wide shoulder muscles are very rich and powerful shoulders are very prominent. [Chest] arch, relatively deep, above the elbow. [Back] wide, straight back and waist, waist to hip tilted slightly back, hips and tail root connected nature. Hindquarters muscular, leg muscles are very rich. [Belly] a little tightening up. [Last] roots wide and powerful tail, long tail, thick. Rest, the tail drooping naturally, the lower 1 / 3 slightly upturned, it should not be regarded as shortcomings. In many dogs, the Ministry of upturned tip to tail is shaped like a "f"-shaped. Movement, all rolled up the dog's tail more or less, but not straight up or over the back. Department of slightly tucked tail is acceptable. [On] very muscular strong wrist. [Previous] wrist straight and strong. Hind tarsal joint angle [] moderate. Dewclaws should be removed, if present, must not obstruct the road. [Feet] wide, toes strong, relatively compact, high toe joint. Sometimes there's the wolf inside hind claw toe is hypoplastic, their dogs are useless. In the competition, this is not a referee to determine the merits of the standard dog. Can be surgery to remove. Coat is very dense, short-haired, smooth, thick coat thigh. Tail long and dense hair root to tip then becoming scarce, furry tail look. Colour white with red and white, not shades of red, it can be brown, no good or bad. The following parts must have a plaque chest, feet, tail, nose is white, the back neck collar white hair or white point, color or no white dogs can not be accepted. In addition to the head and ears can be dark, there are colors other than the above-mentioned color as shortcomings. [Height] dogs lowest 69.9 cm (27.5 inches), bitches minimum 64.8 cm (25.5 inches). Bitches shape than small dogs, but more refined. [Disadvantage] any deviation from the standard place, such as the back too hollow, too long back, hocks too much bent, hindquarters too straight, toes upward between the long hair. So weak before the heel. Long-haired Saint Bernard Dog breed standards In addition to hair, the other similar short-haired dogs. Medium length hair, slightly wavy, not curly nor fluffy. Typically, the back of the waist to the hips more pronounced wavy hair, short-haired dogs can also be seen in this situation. Bushy tail coat. Curly coat or a disadvantage as the flag-like tail. Face and ear hair is short and soft. Ears with some of the longer hair department is allowed. Forelimb hair thin, thick thighs coat St. Bernard dog breeding technology St. Bernard dogs originating in Switzerland, is the world's a very large dog, known to snow ambulance. St. Bernard dogs head nose wide, large and drooping ears, short straight nose, sunken eye, stubby neck, chest wide and deep, back wide body long, burly well-proportioned, muscular, stout limbs, long tails drooping. Wool into long and short two types: long-haired type back straight thick hair; undercoat short, shiny hair type. Yellow coat color, color with white markings or other markings First, feeding and management whelp whelp dog is the period from birth to weaning the dog. New-born whelp deaf and blind, can stand 10 to 10 days - 12 day open eyes 13 to - 15 days of hearing, 21 days to walk. During this period Ziquan characteristics: activities, poor body temperature regulation function and digestive function have yet to develop a sound, a lack of innate immunity, disease resistance is poor, but fast growth, high demand for nutrients. Ziquan daily feeding and management should pay attention to the following questions 1. Umbilical cord protection Ziquan off at 24 hours will usually dry, about 7 days off. In the meantime, we should observe changes in the umbilical cord, do not let the whelp dog lick and suck each other parts of the umbilical cord to prevent infection. 2. Eat enough colostrum to the newborn whelp, the breast milk is the sole source of nutrition. Within 3 days postpartum breast milk called colostrum. Ziquan body without antibodies, which have a variety of antibodies in colostrum, colostrum after whelp dog eat can enhance disease resistance. Colostrum is also rich in nutrients: vitamins a, d, respectively, 10 times the normal milk and three times the protein, fat, iron-rich; colostrum acidic digestive activities conducive Ziquan; viscous large, can protect the gastrointestinal mucosa Ziquan; high mineral content, the whelp has laxative, which helps the discharge of meconium. Therefore, the new Ziquan eat as soon as possible, eat enough colostrum. 3. Ziquan fixed feeding nipple nipple should be fixed, otherwise there will be food phenomenon of erosion of the weak, resulting in uneven growth and development Ziquan. Ziquan of breast milk to eat, especially the frail Ziquan, to be artificial, to help them find and more fixed in the milk on the nipple. 4. Note that 1 week warm whelp born, sparse hair, less subcutaneous fat, poor insulation, so pay special attention to insulation. New Ziquan optimum temperature is: Week 1 29 - 32 ℃, the first two weeks 26 - 29 ℃, 3 weeks 23 - 26 ℃, after 4 weeks at room temperature can be, but about as 23 ℃ should be. In the winter or early spring calving should be in the delivery room equipped with stove, kang, infrared lights, warm facilities. 5. Stimulate defecation newborn whelp more than 10 days after birth, they can not feces. General process in whelp to eat milk, bitches will be licking their perineal area or lower abdomen to stimulate the excretion of urine. However, if the female dog's maternal instinct is not strong, not licking, the feeders should be a day of cotton wool dipped in cold water or warm wet towel, wipe the anus Ziquan 3 - 4 times, give artificial stimulus, promote the fecal excretion. 6. Appropriate exercise Ziquan born 5 days later, in fine weather at noon, can be Ziquan, bitches to the house about half an hour outside of the sun, the mother can fully breathe fresh air, but can also use ultraviolet light to kill dogs body bacteria, promote Ziquan bone growth and development, and prevent the occurrence of rickets. 7. Ziquan eye protection after birth, early in the first 9 days, late in the first 12 and 13 days to open their eyes. In Ziquan eyes open, to avoid the light stimulation, so as not to damage the eyes. Do not force the same time keeping staff clawed Ziquan eyes, so as to avoid adverse consequences. 8. Ziquan trim nails grow to about 3 weeks, his nails had grown to a certain extent, will make it feel discomfort, and may be breast feeding when scratched or hurt the other bitches whelp, so its time to trim nails, and later to regular pruning. 9. Regular deworming, vaccination after birth in Ziquan 25 - 30 days, should be the 1st de-worming, de-worming after 1 month. 40 days after the birth of puppies in the beginning, it should carry out immunization. 10. Castration can not grow with timely Ziquan, 40 days or so should be castrated. Metabolism in dogs after castration reduced, gentle, resistance to crude feed, will help the accumulation of fat in the body, easy fattening. 11. Feeding with Ziquan grow, the requirements of milk is gradually increasing, while the female dog's normal lactation after delivery usually reached a peak 21 days, thereafter gradually decreased, can not meet the needs of rapid growth and development Ziquan, so feeding must be timely. Water is generally 10 days from the beginning. Starting from 15 days up milk. Make better milk to milk, milk temperature maintained at 27 - 30 ℃ between. 15 days, every day each Ziquan fill 50ml; 15 - 19 天 fill 100ml; to 20 days to make up 200ml, points 3 - 4 times feed the. 20 days, you can add a little milk or rice porridge; 25 days, you can then add some of the thick broth; 30 days, increase the number of palatable, digestible meat and vegetable species, each 15 - -20g, 1 up every morning and evening. With the gradual improvement of digestive function Ziquan and weight gain, feeding the amount of food should be gradually increased. 12. St. Bernard whelp weaning weaning time is generally about 45 days after birth, but according to Ziquan physical and lactating bitches circumstances. If weaned too early, Ziquan weak constitutions, are not used to feed solid content of feed, thus affecting the growth and development Ziquan; weaned too late, it will affect the growth bitches fat rejuvenation, under the influence of time of mating and pregnancy, reduce mother the utilization of dogs. Weaning practices in the following three main kinds: 1) on the 45th day weaning method. This approach is in whelp born on the 45th day, immediately Aberdeen, bitches apart. The method of weaning fast, sub-nest early. However, due to abrupt weaning, Ziquan suited to the new feed, can cause indigestion Aberdeen, bitches will show the stress of situation, individual large female dog bleeding may also cause mastitis. If you do a good job of feeding the work prior to weaning, weaning will be more successful. 2) partial weaning method. This method is based on growth and development Ziquan, weaning stages. Good growth and development, more robust Ziquan, weaned a few days in advance; Ziquan weak constitutions, is to extend the 6 - 10 days later and then weaning. 3) decreasing the number of breast-feeding weaning method. This is from the whelp around 40 days after birth, the Aberdeen, bitches apart, every 4 - 5 hours, then its off together to Ziquan nurse, nurse and then separate. Then gradually reduce the number of feeding until fully weaned. This is a relatively safe weaning practices can reduce Tsai, bitches weaning caused by a sudden stimulus. Second, feeding and management of puppies puppies usually are the birth 45 days to 3 months in dogs. At this stage, the puppies as weaning, living environment have undergone a sudden change, they often cause the spirit of and action on the anxiety, loss of appetite; the same time, the body's declining maternal antibodies, immune function is not perfect, vulnerable to disease. But this stage, but also increase the weight of the trunk and larger puppies an important period, therefore, feeding and management should pay special attention. 1. Ensure adequate nutrition, feed and palatability of feed nutrition after weaning puppies to be rich, to contain adequate protein and calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin a, d, etc., the protein content of feed to reach 22% or more, of which animal feed to 30%; better palatability of feed, to modulation of some thin, soft, easy to digest feed, and the appropriate add some milk, cod liver oil and so on. At least four times a day feeding, poor appetite for picky eaters, or add less ground to feed the puppies, so that it can maintain a strong appetite every meal but also an adequate supply of drinking water puppies. 2. Treat puppies so they can quickly adapt to new environments Just leave the bitch puppy into a new environment, often because of the unfamiliar environment and a fear of psychological, then, the breeder to its special touch, even if they do not make good eating, and do not hurry, do not cursed. After a day or two puppies, once adapted to the new environment will be better. Puppies to be emotionally stable, the breeder can be gently stroked his hair, so that they feel warm, gentle temperament will make it. 5. Regular deworming of dogs in vivo parasite many puppies ability to resist disease is not perfect, particularly susceptible to disease, will seriously affect the puppy's growth, development, and even death. Therefore, we must regularly deworming, generally a month or so drive 1 is appropriate. Feces after deworming treatment should focus stacking to prevent environmental pollution caused by manure or because the dog lick 2 infection. 4. When 2-month-old puppy vaccination should be based on the characteristics of various infectious diseases, vaccine vaccination regularly do the work. 5. Timely training to strengthen the daily management of the St. Bernard puppy defecate in fixed locations and sleep. Puppies should be sufficient sun to prevent the occurrence of rickets and osteomalacia. Should be ground to remove within a kennel, frequently changes the bedding, clean and dry. Puppies skin is thin and tender, hair combing action should be gentle, to avoid harming the skin. Puppies daily activity time not too long, according to the individual and the weather conditions, every 30 - 60 minutes is more appropriate. For the puppies to carefully observe, sick time after inspection and treatment. Third, the young dog's feeding and management of young dogs is generally pointed out that after birth 4--6-month-old dog. St. Bernard dogs this period is the fastest period of growth and development. 1. St. Bernard animal feed required to feed young dogs high nutritional value, palatability, digestible. In addition to the feed to be rich in protein, vitamin a, d, and fat and other nutrients, we must also pay special attention to calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients necessary to promote bone growth. 4 months of age, feed was not fed every time, otherwise, excessive weight, easy to cause limb deformity, is not conducive to bone growth. 6 months of age, has grown fangs can bite to the bone. To accelerate the development of canine body, can increase the protein in the feed ratio, especially animal protein should account for the total protein content of 1 / 3, while increasing the proportion of the energy feed. To achieve the daily feeding time, quantitative, qualitative, constant temperature, feeding at least 3 times a day. To ensure fresh food, make and fed, not fed spoiled feed. Utensils to be cleaned after use and disinfected regularly. Young dogs to ensure the supply of clean drinking water, especially in summer to pay attention, do not drink water surplus water, to prevent gastroenteritis. 2. Management 1) clustering management. Take age, gender, breed and individual dog care with similar conditions, individual bad temper, love snatch the pick, and gregarious person can keep together. 2) regular deworming. Young dogs should regularly de-worming, usually once a month. 3) careful observation. Dog breeder should strengthen the performance of normal eating habits and observation, unusual and timely identify the cause and take appropriate measures. Feeding conditions in the scale, to prevent hegemony eating behavior of individual dogs. Each dog's size and appetite to eat or not, but also rely on breeder detailed, long-term observation may be. But also to observe whether the dog population in the phenomenon of bullying, once discovered, should be immediately kept separate. 4) careful management. To improve internal and external health care, timely removal of manure and dirt, regular disinfection, and to strengthen food hygiene.
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No. 2
St. Bernard dog originating in Denmark, in Switzerland has a long history, but the mid-1800s, an increasing number of small almost to the point of extinction. Now most of Saint Bernard dog hybrids. It is a veritable giant working dog, weight can be up to 100 kg, height up to 1 meter. St. Bernard dog kind, love, love and children together. It is loyal to his master, easily trained, good at saving. In Denmark, when storms come, they will show their talents, in the vast snow rescued countless persons in distress. 3 century, St. Bernard dog was engaged in arduous mountain rescue, rescue the lives of 2,500 people now even though the road has been modernized transportation, this rescue skills are no longer needed, but the dog still intelligent, docile family dog won praise. History: St. Bernard's St. Bernard dog for the Alps, named after the monastery in AD 980, the St. Bernard dog as guardian of those dangerous Alps Road through the famous visitors, but unfortunately can not chronicle the beginning of the century research .18 , monastery of clerics for keeping dangerous dogs in the mountains this wizard to find the lost person and make it wake up missing. St. Bernard dog for the short-haired breeds, in order to prevent inbreeding, joined the Scottish dog breeds, resulting in a fluffy now dog. was called "Barry" the St. Bernard dog, who rescued 40 people's life, _set_ one of the greatest achievements, died in 1814. Nature: St. Bernard dog is very large dog, very gentle personality, easy to get, very tolerant of children, such as to give enough space, food, physical activity, can become a good family dog. Head: skull large and round, the amount of segment clearly distinct, short snout, thick. Flat cheeks and a long upper lip was hanging. Ears: Medium size, drooping. Eyes: Medium size, bronze. Nose: The nose is large, black, well developed muzzle. Body: thick and wide chest, strong back, sloping to the waist. Coat: short-haired species regardless of species or long-haired, was Mao Dufeng thick, flat coat, red brown mottled color pattern, orange, or red spot color with the head, chest, limbs, tail, white, or white on patches of various colors. Limbs: Forelegs straight and long, thick and powerful hind legs bones. Foot: very large, very uplifted toes, dewclaws should be removed. Tail: tail length, _set_ on high. Rest in the bottom of the tail, raised up activities. Height: a huge body St. Bernard dog (saint bernard) The origin of the St. Bernard dogs have a lot of argument. The most likely way of saying 1 to 2 century AD, the Roman army in Asia will be a great dog Moluo Se (molosser) brought to Switzerland, with a local dog hybrid (this local dog when the Romans invaded In this place) after the offspring. Several centuries later, St. Bernard dog is widely used in dairy farms and the Alps, for guarding the grazing and trailer. AD 1050 Taihan De (taihund) the rapid development of the St. Bernard dog, at this time, archdeacon bernard de menthon Swiss Alps in a famous shelter built to shelter those who cross the Alps of St. Bernard dogs . In the late 16th century because the shelter was destroyed by war, most of the files lost, so St. Bernard dogs first came to the shelter of the time can not be verified. Until 1707, only records the first mention of a St. Bernard dog (also occasionally referred to). St. Bernard dogs in the shelter of the St. Bernard pass to save the tourists in distress, at that time a very well known. Careful study of historical data, a St. Bernard dog is about 1660 ~ 1671, in between first came to shelters. Possible, the St. Bernard dog to the shelter to accompany the monks through the long winter (in winter, shelters isolated). In this isolated place of refuge, a St. Bernard dog inbreeding with different hospice (hospice) dogs. In brutal conditions, only the strong survival skills of the dogs in order to survive and reproduce. Therefore, it also inherited genetic characteristics to the offspring. Lonely when the monks are in their sermons with St. Bernard dogs, they quickly found that the dog in the snow can also find their way, this highly developed sense of smell dogs lost in a blizzard to find people. St. Bernard dogs from working together with the monks, and left many touching stories. St. Bernard dogs in shelters have three centuries, it is estimated that a total of 2000 saved the lives of individuals. Although it has been revised into the train tunnel through the Alps, St. Bernard pass on foot or by car through the NPC is reduced, but the monks continued to keep a St. Bernard dog, as their partner, which is the traditional place of refuge for the memorial. St. Bernard dogs need training to complete these tasks, because they have the instinct of relief; or, more accurately speaking, the monks of this nature is the basis for training in St. Bernard dog. In the company of monks, young dogs and dogs with a year-long patrol, search for casualties of the travelers. When the dog found the victims, will be lying on his side, give him warm, and licking his face to regain consciousness at the same time, a police dog will return to shelters and return to lead the rescue scene. In addition to a strong ability to recognize road and keen sense of smell to find buried in the snow where the victims, the St. Bernard dogs have incredible sixth sense, can detect the arrival of the avalanche. There have been reports that a St. Bernard dog in a few seconds before the on_set_ of avalanche suddenly left the original position, after a few seconds in the original position for several tons of snow and ice. Although the 1800 before this rescue shelter dogs have been known, but people still call it "shelter dogs" and no other name. 1800 to 1810, the shelter's one called "Barry" in the history of the most famous Saint Bernard dogs are dogs. In its half-century after his death, in the Swiss dog shelter dog called Barry (Barry saved a total of 40 individuals, the legendary Barry to save the first 41 individuals mistakenly believe that the wolf will kill him). This legend is just an interesting story. In fact, Barry in 1814 in Berne, Switzerland Lok death. So far in the Natural History Museum in Bern Barry's portrait is still preserved. 1816 ~ 1881, Institute of climate and exceptionally poor relief, many dogs are dead. At that time, it is easy to find in the valley like dogs, in a few years, the hospice dogs resumed the previous look. In 1830, they encountered the same situation, with bad weather is due to defects caused by inbreeding and disease problems, the monks make use of the opposite sex hybridization build larger and more healthy dogs. Newfoundland dogs when Bishengbona larger body, but also rescue instinct, was chosen to cross with the St. Bernard dog. This hybrid dog achieve the desired objectives and does not undermine the type and characteristics of the St. Bernard dog. But because of this hybridization, The first time the long-haired St. Bernard dog, and in 1830, all of St. Bernard dogs are shorthair. Was originally thought that long-haired St. Bernard dogs homes more resistant to cold relief, but unfortunately, the ice can be frozen in the long-haired, and this dog is not suitable for ambulance use. Discovered this fact, the monks of St. Bernard will be long-haired dog as a gift to friends, leaving only a short-haired dog of St. Bernard. Britain early in 1810 on the import of some relief to the hospital with their dogs Mastiff Mastiff cross, when the British called this dog to do "secred dogs", in about 1828, this dog in Germany called "alpen dog. 1833, the writer Daniel 'Wilson, the first time such a dog named St. Bernard dog, but until 1965 the name was clearly there, in 1880 the name was officially identified as the dog name. The latter half of the 17th century, the valley in Switzerland, while short-haired breed with long hair and two kinds of Saint Bernard dogs, the end of this dog around Germany and other European continental countries. 1877, living in Zurich, the Swiss St. Bernard dog experts hosted an international conference. At this meeting, the development of a St. Bernard dog of international standards. In 1888, the British established St. Bernard dog club, they accepted the Swiss international standards. The club has been to promote the development of Saint Bernard dogs to work, the club is Britain's oldest specialist dog clubs. Breed Standard [] Strong overall appearance, body parts muscles rich, strong and powerful, large head, expression is very smart. Black dog's face more severe plaque, but nature is not bad. [Head] the same as the whole body, very powerful, impressive. Huge skull is wide, slightly arched, the sides smooth tilt, and developed with high cheekbones connected, occipital more developed. Orbital edge is very prominent, and the head of the long axis at right angles. Between the eyes, starting at the root of snout with a deep groove, almost across the entire skull. The first half of the deep to the occipital faded. Inside the head of the line from the back of the head to go to the eyelids. The skin of the forehead above the eyes a little wrinkle, groove to the central concentration of the forehead, especially when the dog is alert, these wrinkles more obvious, but did not give the impression of sadness. Wrinkle Pattern is not too good. Skull and snout steep angle junction. Snout short, from the root tapering to the tip, kiss root depth than the length of a large snout. The edge of snout not arched, but straight. A very wide, relatively shallow but very clear communication from the roots until the nasal tip kiss. Lower lip on the edge of missing the next bend up the edges to form a beautiful curve. Drooping lower lip is not obvious. Teeth must be healthy, strong scissors bite or level bite, but the scissor bite better. Lower jaw prominent, although occasionally in a good dog, but not ideal; overshot a disadvantage, the ideal black palate mucosa. Nose - wide, open nostrils, like the lips, there is always black Ear - medium size, ears high, the base slightly to leave the head, fold down, close to the head. Soft ear, forming a slightly rounded triangle. The leading edge of the ear close to the head, after a certain distance away from the head edge, especially when the dog is in alert status. Separated from the little dog ears, ear close to the base of the head, so that the head oval contour is not clear, while the base of the skull looks ears wider, square. Eye - the location in front of the skull rather than the side. Medium size, dark brown, eyes bright, friendly. Eyes not sunken nor prominent. Lower eyelids, including the formation of an angle at the corner of the eye. Drooping eyelid lacrimal gland to make too many obvious red and thick haw visible light or eye color is not too pleasing. [Neck] _Set_ high, very strong, when the dog is alert when fully erect, or slightly level. Back of the neck muscles are very rich, rounded edges, which makes the neck look shorter. Significantly below the skin of the neck drooping, sagging but not too good. [] Tilt and wide shoulders, muscles are very rich and powerful shoulders are very prominent. [Chest] arch, relatively deep, above the elbow. [Back] wide, straight back and waist, waist to hip tilted slightly back, hips and tail root connected nature. Hindquarters muscular, leg muscles are very abundant. [Abdomen] to tighten up a little. [Last] roots wide and powerful tail, long tail, thick. Rest, the tail drooping naturally, the lower 1 / 3 slightly upturned, it should not be regarded as shortcomings. In many dogs, the Ministry of upturned tip to tail is shaped like a "f"-shaped. Movement, all rolled up the dog's tail more or less, but not straight up or over the back. Department of slightly tucked tail is acceptable. [The wrist] very muscular and powerful. [Previous] wrist straight and strong. Hind tarsal joint angle [] moderate. Dewclaws should be removed, if present, must not obstruct the road. [Feet] wide, toes strong, relatively compact, high toe joints. Sometimes there's the wolf inside hind claw toe is hypoplastic, their dog is useless. In the competition, this is not a referee to determine the merits of the standard dog. Can be surgery to remove. Coat is very dense, short-haired, smooth, thick hair thigh. Tail long and dense hair roots to tip then gradually rare, furry tail appears. Colour white with red and white, not shades of red, it can be brown, no good or bad. The following parts must have a plaque chest, feet, tail, nose is white, the back neck collar white hair or white point, color or no white dogs can not be accepted. In addition to the head and ears can be dark, there are colors other than the above-mentioned color as shortcomings. [Height] dogs lowest 69.9 cm (27.5 inches), bitches least 64.8 centimeters (25.5 inches). Bitches smaller body than dogs, but more refined. [Disadvantage] where any deviation from the standard, such as the back too depressed, too long back, hocks too much bent, hindquarters too straight, toes up between the long hair. So weak before the heel. Long-haired Saint Bernard Dog breed standards In addition to hair, the other similar short-haired dogs. Medium length hair, slightly wavy, not curly nor fluffy. Typically, in the back of the waist to the hips more pronounced wavy hair, short-haired dogs can also be seen in this situation. Bushy tail coat. Curly coat or a disadvantage as the flag-like tail. Face and ear hair is short and soft. Department has some of the longer ears hair is permitted. Forelimb hair thin, thick thighs coat St. Bernard dog breeding technology 1. Umbilical cord to protect Ziquan off at 24 hours will usually dry, about 7 days off. In the meantime, we should observe changes in the umbilical cord, do not let whelp dog lick and suck each other part of the umbilical cord to prevent infection. 4. Note insulation Ziquan 1 week of birth, hair sparse, less subcutaneous fat, poor insulation, so pay special attention to insulation. New Ziquan optimum temperature is: Week 1 29 - 32 ℃, 2 weeks 26 - 29 ℃, 3 weeks 23 - 26 ℃, after 4 weeks at room temperature can be, but about 23 ℃ to appropriate. Calving in winter or early spring when, in the delivery room should be equipped with stove, kang, infrared lights, warm facilities. 7. Ziquan eye protection after birth, early in the first 9 days, late in the first 12 and 13 days to open their eyes. In Ziquan eyes open, to avoid the light stimulation, so as not to damage the eyes. At the same time keeping personnel should not force clawed Ziquan eyes, so as to avoid adverse consequences. 10. Can not grow with timely Ziquan castration should be castrated when 40 days old. Metabolism in dogs after castration reduced, gentle, resistance to crude feed, is conducive to the accumulation of fat in the body, easy fattening. 20 days, you can add a little milk or rice soup Xifan; 25 days, may be adding some of thick broth; 30 days, increase the number of palatable, digestible meat and vegetable species, each 15 - -20g, 1 up every morning and evening. With the gradual improvement of digestive function Ziquan and weight gain, feeding the amount of food should be gradually increased. 12. St. Bernard Ziquan weaning weaning time is generally about 45 days after birth, but according to Ziquan physical and lactating bitches circumstances. If weaned too early, Ziquan weak constitutions, are not used to feed on feed solid content, thus affecting the growth and development Ziquan; weaned too late, the increase will affect the fat bitches rejuvenation, under the influence of time of mating and pregnancy, reduces the mother dog utilization. 2) partial weaning method. This method is based on growth and development Ziquan, weaning stages. Good growth and development, more robust Ziquan, weaning can be a few days in advance; Ziquan weak constitutions, the extension of 6 - 10 days later and then weaning. 1. Ensure adequate nutrition and feed palatability of feed nutrition after weaning puppies to be rich, to contain adequate protein and calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A, D, etc., the feed protein content to 22%, of which animal feed to 30%; better palatability of feed, to modulation of some thin, soft, easy to digest the feed, and the appropriate add some milk, cod liver oil and so on. Just leave the bitch puppy into a new environment, often because of the unfamiliar environment and a fear of psychological, this time, the breeder should have special affection, even if they do not make good eating, and do not hurry, do not cursed. After a day or two puppies, once adapted to the new environment will be better. To be emotionally stable puppies, the breeder can gently stroked his hair, so they feel warm, gentle temperament will make it. 5. Timely training to strengthen the daily management of the St. Bernard puppy defecate in fixed locations and to sleep. Puppies should be sufficient sun to prevent the occurrence of rickets and osteomalacia. Should be ground to remove within a kennel, frequently changes the bedding, clean and dry. Puppy skin is thin and tender, action should be gentle when combing hair, to avoid harming the skin. Puppies daily activity time not too long, according to the individual and weather conditions, every 30 - 60 minutes is more appropriate. For puppies to carefully observe, sick time after examination and treatment. 4 months of age, each feed was not fed, or else, weight is too large, can lead to limb deformity, is not conducive to bone growth. 2) regular deworming. Regular deworming young dogs also, generally once a month. St. Bernard dogs and AKC standard description (Saint Bernard) Full strength, well-proportioned and contoured fullness, each of which is very strong and muscular, powerful head and a very intelligent expression. Dark facial mask, so that all looked tough, but not evil. The same as the body, the head seems full of strength and spectacular. Burly head, broad, slightly arched and the sides (on the cheek bone) tilt, constitute elegant curves, solid outline. A deep groove from the tone of the roots, through between the eyes, through the head. Half started very clear, the gradual disappearance of the occipital bone backwards. The head side of the line starting from the outer corner of the bifurcation, to the back of the head. The skin of the forehead, above the eyes, wrinkles significantly more ideal, more or less, but clearly, to the deep groove gather. When he was wary of what the time or attention, more wrinkles, but will not cause champagne. Exaggerated wrinkles unpopular. Over from the head to the tone (the stop) a sudden and steep it would be more ideal. Muzzle short, not tapered, vertical depth of tone larger than the length. Arched bridge of the nose is not straight, some dogs sometimes look like _truncate_d. Tone wide, significantly, from the tone on the bridge of the nose to nose with shallow roots. Upper lip well developed, not very neat, but to form a graceful curve covering the chin, slightly drooping. Drooping lower lip should not be deep. Teeth neat, strong, and scissors bite or clamp-like bite, though, some very good dog will be overshot bite, but not ideal, overshot bite is a fault. Mouth at the top (ceiling) to black as well. Ear Most of the front, not in the side, medium size, dark brown, eyes bright, friendly, deep right in the strict sense, can not be fully fit under the eyelid and eye, because the skin wrinkles will Entropion. Excessive eyelid drooping, too red, thick haw, eye color is too light is a fault. [St. Bernard dog's shoulder] Very good arched, moderate depth, reaching the elbow. [St. Bernard dog's hindquarters] [St. Bernard dog in the stomach] Obvious in the very strong waist, put on very slight. [St. Bernard dog's tail] From the hip part of the very strong, broad, tail length, tail is also very strong. Rest, the vertical suspension, only the last 1 / 3 part of the slightly curved upward, then, is not considered a defect. A majority of the dogs, the tail hanging slightly oblique way, so is the letter "f" shape. In the alert, all the dogs, the tail more or less on the volume, but must not be too high or the volume to give back. Slightly curly tail is permitted. [St. Bernard dog's forearm] Very powerful and extremely well-developed muscles. [St. Bernard dog's forearm] Straight, strong. [St. Bernard dog's hind legs] Hock point of the middle, do not want to have dewclaws, if any, should not affect the gait. [St. Bernard dog's paw] Wide, with strong toes, toes a little tight, toe joints higher is better. Sometimes appear inside hind dewclaws are caused by bad genes, they are of no use to the dog itself, when not considered in the evaluation, usually by surgical excision. [St. Bernard dog coat] Very dense, short (short hair type), smooth lying, hard hair, but do not touch up feeling rough. Some hair is more thick thighs, tail slightly longer root hairs and dense, the direction of the tail gradually becomes shorter. Bushy tail like a flag but can not. [St. Bernard dog color] [St. Bernard dog's shoulder height] Any departure from the standard situation is a fault, such as: concave back, back length out of proportion, hock angle is too large, too straight hindquarters, upward growing between the toes hair, elbow valgus, cow hocks or weak ankle. Standards by date: April 13, 1998 Saint Bernard Breed Standard Powerful, proportionately tall figure, strong and muscular in every part, with powerful head and most intelligent expression. In dogs with a dark mask the expression appears more stern, but never ill-natured. Like the whole body, very powerful and imposing. The massive skull is wide, slightly arched and the sides slope in a gentle curve into the very strongly developed, high cheek bones. Occiput only moderately developed. The supra-orbital ridge is very strongly developed and forms nearly a right angle with the long axis of the head. Deeply imbedded between the eyes and starting at the root of the muzzle, a furrow runs over the whole skull. It is strongly marked in the first half, gradually disappearing toward the base of the occiput. The lines at the sides of the head diverge considerably from the outer corner of the eyes toward the back of the head. The skin of the forehead, above the eyes, forms rather noticeable wrinkles, more or less pronounced, which converge toward the furrow. Especially when the dog is alert or at attention the wrinkles are more visible without in the least giving the impression of morosity. Too strongly developed wrinkles are not desired. The slope from the skull to the muzzle is sudden and rather steep. Ears - Of medium size, rather high _set_, with very strongly developed burr (Muschel) at the base. They stand slightly away from the head at the base, then drop with a sharp bend to the side and cling to the head without a turn . The flap is tender and forms a rounded triangle, slightly elongated toward the point, the front edge lying firmly to the head, whereas the back edge may stand somewhat away from the head, especially when the dog is at attention. Lightly _set_ ears, which at the base immediately cling to the head, give it an oval and too little marked exterior, whereas a strongly developed base gives the skull a squarer, broader and much more expressive appearance. _Set_ high, very strong and when alert or at attention is carried erect. Otherwise horizontally or slightly downward. The junction of head and neck is distinctly marked by an indentation. The nape of the neck is very muscular and rounded at the sides which makes the neck appear rather short. The dewlap of throat and neck is well pronounced: too strong development, however, is not desirable. Chest Very broad, perfectly straight as far as the haunches, from there gently sloping to the rump, and merging imperceptibly into the root of the tail. Belly Starting broad and powerful directly from the rump is long, very heavy, ending in a powerful tip. In repose it hangs straight down, turning gently upward in the lower third only, which is not considered a fault. In a great many specimens the tail is carried with the end slightly bent and therefore hangs down in the shape of an "f". In action all dogs carry the tail more or less turned upward. However it may not be carried too erect or by any means rolled over the back. A slight curling of the tip is sooner admissible. Lower Leg Hocks of moderate angulation. Dewclaws are not desired; if present, they must not obstruct gait. Coat White with red or red with white, the red in its various shades; brindle patches with white markings. The colors red and brown-yellow are of entirely equal value. Necessary markings are: white chest, feet and tip of tail, noseband, collar or spot on the nape; the latter and blaze are very desirable. Never of one color or without white. Faulty are all other colors, except the favorite dark shadings on the head (mask) and ears. One distinguishes between mantle dogs and splash- coated dogs. Considered as Faults The longhaired type completely resembles the shorthaired type except for the coat which is not shorthaired (stockhaarig) but of medium length plain to slightly wavy, never rolled or curly and not shaggy either. Usually, on the back, especially from the region of the haunches to the rump, the hair is more wavy, a condition, by the way, that is slightly indicated in the shorthaired dogs. The tail is bushy with dense hair of moderate length. Rolled or curly hair, or a flag tail, is faulty. Face and ears are covered with short and soft hair; longer hair at the base of the ear is permissible. Forelegs only slightly feathered; thighs very bushy.