medicine > respiratory tract



Contents ·hū xī dào ·hū xī dào ·No. 3 ·百科辞典 ·English Expression ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·More results... hū xī dào 　　Or higher animals breathing air channels, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. Translated by Google hū xī dào 　　People or animals by the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial breathing composed of the channel Translated by Google No. 3 　　呼吸道 　　respiratory tract 　　肺呼吸时气流所经过的通道。有肺脊椎动物的呼吸道分上、下两部：鼻、鼻窦、咽和喉合称上呼吸道。气管及其以后一分再分的管道，合称为下呼吸道，或称为气管树。气管树是随着动物的进化逐渐复杂化的。 　　整个呼吸道内表面都分布有分泌液和纤毛（鼻孔、咽后壁和声带粘膜除外），它能温暖（或冷却）、湿润和净化吸入的空气，对于呼吸器官和人体有着保护作用。 　　在呼吸道粘膜的上皮细胞间隙中有杯状细胞分泌粘液；粘膜下层中有粘液腺分泌粘液和浆液。呼吸道粘膜的每个上皮细胞约有200 条纤毛，经常进行规则而协同的摆动，向咽部方向摆动时坚挺有力而快速，向相反方向摆动时弯曲柔软而缓慢，这样，纤毛顶部的粘膜层连同粘着的异物颗粒，都朝着咽部推移，然后经口吐出，或被咽下。呼吸道粘膜下层有丰富的传入神经末梢，能感受机械的或化学的刺激，引起喷嚏和咳嗽等反射，以高速度的气流把呼吸道的异物排出口、鼻之外。 　　在呼吸道的不同部位，其口径和内壁的几何形状是各不相同的，下呼吸道的管壁内横亘有平滑肌纤维，这些肌纤维的活动状况直接关系到下呼吸道的口径（尤其是缺乏软骨的膜性细支气管），因此，关系到呼吸的气流阻力。 　　当一定的粘滞性与密度的气体通过呼吸道时，气体在呼吸道各部分的气流类型可分为湍流和层流两种。在上呼吸道和在气管分成主支气管之处，管腔口径的变化比较突然（尤其在声门上下），管腔内表面又凹凸不平（尤其是鼻腔），加上这些部位的气流速度较高，所以气流是属于湍流。气管以下的下呼吸道的口径随着它频繁地分支而逐渐变小，其总截面积随分支而增大，气流速度随着分支而减慢。所以在主支气管以下的气流是属于层流。克服湍流和层流引起的呼吸道气流阻力都需要一定的压力差。 百科辞典 　　　　huxidao 　　　　呼吸道 　　　　respiratory tract 　　　　指呼吸系统中气体进出的通道，参见"呼吸系统"。 　　　　 English Expression :  respiratory organs n.:  respiratory tract Related Phrases hard medicine medicine asthma disease cancer Medical treatment Wikipedia Daquan coccidiosis certify adept curator remedy anger a chronic disease Amoxicillin Veracillin sodium aoguang bone Article catch tanye western medicine medicine corpus infection of biliary tract secrete Urethra More results... 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