厄瓜多尔，全称厄瓜多尔共和国（西班牙语：República del Ecuador）是一个位于南美洲西北部的国家，于1809年8月10日时脱离西班牙的统治独立建国。由于赤道横贯了厄瓜多尔的国境，再加上在西班牙文中“厄瓜多尔”的意思就是“赤道”，因此该国又拥有“赤道国”的别称，或因为盛产香蕉而又被称为“香蕉之国”。首都基多（Quito）位于皮钦查火山（Pichincha）的山麓，高达2,850米的海拔，使该市成为全世界第二高的首都（仅次于玻利维亚首都拉巴斯）。为南美洲国家联盟的成员国。
Ecuador (pronounced /ˈɛkwədɔr/), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador, pronounced [reˈpuβlika ðel ekwaˈðor]), literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 965 kilometres (600 mi) west of the mainland.
Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name, and has an area of 256,371 square kilometres (98,985 sq mi). Its capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic centre in Latin America. The country's largest city is Guayaquil. The historic centre of Cuenca, the third largest city of this country, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999, for being an outstanding example of a planned inland Spanish style colonial city in the Americas. Ecuador is also home—despite its size—to a great variety of species, many of them endemic, like those of the Galápagos islands. This species diversity makes Ecuador one of the seventeen megadiverse countries in the world. The new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights.
Ecuador is a presidential republic and became independent in 1830, after having been part of the Spanish colonial empire and the republic of Gran Colombia. It is a medium-income country with an HDI score of 0.807 (2007), and about 38.3% of the people living below the poverty line.
皮钦查省