 光竹
Species Latin name: qiongzhuea luzhiensis hsueh et yi
Kinds of aliases:
Division Chinese name: Gramineae
Latin name: gramineae
Is a Chinese name: Qiongzhu is
Is a Latin name: qiongzhuea
Domestic Distribution: specialty in Guizhou six. Type specimens origin born in 1700-1900 meters above sea level broad-leaved forests.
Elevation :1700-1900
Name origin: [acta bot. Yunnan. 5 (1): 45.f.4. 1983]
Flora of China: 9 (1): 355
Subtribe Chinese name: Japanese bamboo subtribe
Subtribe Latin name: shlbataenae
Chinese Family Name: Japanese bamboo family
Latin family name: shibataeeae
Super Family Chinese name: Bamboo super family
Super Family Latin name: bambusatae
Subfamily Chinese name: Bamboo subfamily
Subfamily Latin name: bambusoideae nees
Head Chinese name: Wo of the head
Head Latin name: graminales (poales)
Link Chinese name: Dicotyledon
Link Latin name: monocotyledoneae
Door Chinese name: angiosperm
Door Latin name: angiospermae
Characteristics: pole erect, 2.5-5 m high, 1-2 cm in diameter; for length (10) 14-18 (20) cm, showed a four-cylinder or micro-prism-shaped, green, is white powder without hair, with 2 side branches in the near trench, dilute with a trench, pole wall thickness 3-5 mm, the pulp is silty; pole ring clear, no hair, light; sheath ring obviously begun to take the scattered brown bristles and sheath sheath at the base residues; section 1-3 mm long, glabrous; pole buds conical, 4-5 mm long, brown, bright, pubescent; pole with a 3 per session (5 ) branch, diagonal branch development, uplift of the minor at the micro, glabrous. Shoot vertical stripes with purple-brown, thin to coat; culm sheaths persistent, sheath sheath leathery, reddish-brown or brown, long triangular, apex _truncate_, the back of the sparsely brown Gang: Yap, longitudinal veins obvious, marginal small brown bristles; no sheath ears, mouth sewn wool sheath 2 or 3, 2-5 mm long, erect or microwave song, easy to fall off; sheath cut tongue-shaped, yellowish-brown, about 1 mm, at first pubescent on the edge of Health ; blades erect, triangular, linear or lanceolate, 2-9 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the base narrower than the sheath of the top width of the sheath, purple-brown or yellowish brown, glabrous, longitudinal veins obvious, often the edge Vol. Branchlets with a 2-3 final stage (4) leaves; sheath length 3.5-5 (8) cm, margin densely brown fibers; no auricle; sheath mouth sewn wool 3-5, 3-5 mm long, gray; Ligule _truncate_, glabrous, about 1 mm; leaves lanceolate, thick paper, no hair, long (7) 15-23 (30) cm wide (11) 16-20 (24) mm, sub- veins 5-7 pairs, small cross-veins were friends, margin sparsely serrulate and therefore with slightly rough. No flowers. Shoots of 9-10.
Uses: bamboo shoots taste delicious, edible; pole used in papermaking, agricultural production can be Used for splitting bamboo.
Producing areas: specialty products in the Guizhou six. Type specimens origin born in 1700-1900 meters above sea level broad-leaved forests.
References: qiongzhuealuzhiensishsuehetyiinact. bot. yunnan. 5 (1): 45. f. 4.1983; d. z. li.ethsuehinibid. 10 (1): 54.1988; d. ohrnb. gen. quiongzhueaed. 3.8.1989. --- Oreocalamusluzhiensis (hsuehetyi) kengf. injourn. nanjinguniv. (Nat.sci.cd.) 22 (3): 4.16. ] 986. - Chimonobambusaluzhiensis (hsuehetyiwenetd.ohrnb.exd.ohrnb., Gen.chimonobambusa20.1990.
This is an overview: hsuehetyiinact. bot. yunnan. 2 (1): 91.1980. -Chimonobam-busasect. qiongzhuea (hsuehetyi) wenetd. ohrnb. exd. ohrnb. , Gen. chimonobambusa2.1990. Small and medium sized bamboo. Rhizome axis of Mixed-type complex. Upright pole; Festival or Tomb of the Department between the number of cylindrical section is slightly square, in a section of the side branches between the slightly flattened, usually with 2 longitudinal ridges and three grooves, glabrous or sometimes slightly with a hair, the lower section between the solid pole or nearly solid; pole ring is not even the extreme uplift and the uplift was a circular ridge, and a ring in the ridge marks, ring marks easily from brittle fracture. Pole buds per section 3, after the buds elongated sheath in the solution, then do not stick pole or close to the pole; pole sections often sub-3, or sometimes much later into the branches, and even held inclined to carry out, can be further branched , branchlets slender. Sheath sheath caducous, thin persistent nature, thick paper; sheath ear missing; sheath film degradation, not more than 1 cm long. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, small cross-veins clear. Squid can be repeated branching to form a cone-shaped "flower", if born in the upper sections of branches with leaves, the flowers usually not branched, branches at all levels, often mixed with fake spike was born on the same section; last stage squid a group of the base of the bracts gradually increasing upward. False sessile spikelet (top living like a handle), the base has a first-out leaves and (0 -) 2-5 tablets bracts, the upper axillary bud within 1-3 tablets with a small bud or a secondary false ear, the end of the base level of secondary spikelets often leave only one first-out leaves without bracts. Spikelets with 3-8 florets, slightly flat on both sides; green or dark green; small cob out of line in Ying Ji Zhu flowers on top, between the section between the flat, glabrous, base slightly to be white powder; Ying (1) 2 or 3; Lemma apex acuminate or long acuminate, glabrous ,7-9 pulse; palea usually shorter its lemma, apex obtuse or slightly partakers 2 crack, back with two ridges; scale is 3, the rear a narrow, lateral 1: the two lenient; stamens 3, anthers yellow to purple; ovary obovate or elliptic, glabrous, style 1, stigma 2. Was nut-like fruit. Peel thick, leathery. Type species: species of bamboo in Sichuan Bamboo qiongzhueatumidinodahsuehetyi origin. 8 species of the genus known 1 form, are our specialty. Distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. Born in 1200-2200 meters above sea level mountain evergreen broad-leaved forests. Qiongzhu structure of flowers and fruits are nearly THE ACADEMY is a chimonobambusamakino, but this is not a pole section of the base of the number of aerial roots spiny, usually in the spring, shoots, bamboo shoots after the clean white shell, black is not the role of the enzyme is AND THE ACADEMY is a difference between a natural taxonomic group. Qiongzhu is in the distribution are located in the altitude of the upper section of THE ACADEMY is, in the feature is more adapted to the cold external environment. This is likely to be more evolved than THE ACADEMY.
Subtribe Overview: Each section of the central pole with 2 or 3 buds; stamens 3. Genus: Japanese bamboo is shibataea makino ex nakai this subfamily including Japanese bamboo is shibataea makino ex nakai, flat bamboo industry is semiarundinaria makinoex nakai, THE ACADEMY is a chimonobambusa makino and Qiongzhu are qiongzhuea hsueh et yi and other 4 genera, among industry level Bamboo is a species now known in China for the growers, the remaining three are in the south of Yangtze River and Southwest China's provinces and autonomous regions are distributed.
Overview of the Family: Single or multiple underground stem axis, with a real whip. Pole and the branches between the cylindrical barrel section or in a branch between the lower side of the section with a significant number of flat or grooved, and sometimes the lower pole section can be slightly between the four-prism (for example, THE ACADEMY is a chi-monobambusamakino the Some species), or between branches of the section for three-prism (such as Japanese bamboo species are shibataeamaki-no); pole section with a single bud or shoot 2 or 3 side by side, 1-3 minutes per session after the number of branches or sticks. Culm sheaths mostly caducous (THE ACADEMY is a certain species can be persistent.) Often leaves little significant cross-vein. Squid is not a simple branch, or branches and was always like or conical shape, has called the twig with fake spike mix was born in the same section, the base has a first number of the leaves and bracts 0; fake spike to 1 to reduce the number of pieces of the students in the final stage of flowering bracts of the Festival (or spathe) in axillary or directly born with a sprig of the lower sections of leaves, or even one born in Acremonium, which side of the students no pedicel, while the top Zeyi sprig at the top of the living room act as the handle that part of section; each holiday there is a spike at the base, first-out leaves and bracts 0-8, the latter in all or part of the axillary Students have latent buds or secondary resulting from false Bud spikelet; spikelet florets up with a few flowers, flower-shaped top is small and infertile, and sometimes also the base of floret sterility of the lemma in its external has stunted the endogenous small palea-like flower buds, and similar parts of the other; Ying Ying 1-3 or sometimes absent; even coriaceous lemma membranous, apex usually sharp tip, with many veins, may have small cross-vein; palea with two ridges; scales are generally three; stamens (2) 3, diluted to 4-6, thin filament-shaped, mutual separation; ovary glabrous, base sometimes was the handle-like, style and stigmas 1-3. Mostly fruit caryopsis, the thin skin may be presented after the meat and nuts in a dry form (for example, THE ACADEMY is a chimonobambusamakino and Qiongzhu are qingzhueahsuehetyi so). Genus: Japanese bamboo is shibataeamakinoexnakai. The family are now known to include 9 genera, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of East Asia, but also a few species produced in the subtropical (large section of bamboo is indosasamcclure) and alpine mountain (THE ACADEMY is, Qiongzhu is). China has 8 genera and 100 species, according to the central pole in the pole buds each section is divided into the following two sub-families.
Subfamily Description: woody plants, sio2 contained in the body up to 70%, often has shaped trees or shrubs. Pole and the branches of the section can be students at all levels, 1 to several buds, and then later into the branches sprouting, resulting in a complex branching system; underground stem (rhizome) are also quite well-developed and lignified (meaning they grow in terms of plants), or a cross walk in the rhizome in the ground [This is a single-axis type (monopodium), because of Rhizome is smaller than the pole diameter, it is also known as small-type (1eptomorph)], or the number of pole (culm-base) and the pole handle (culmneck) both together and become a single cluster stack [ie co-axial type (sympodium) or coarse type (pachymorph)], a section of the handle pole without buds, usually do not take root in their, it is extended longer works , called the fake whip (pseudorhizome), then the ground rod was more sparsely scattered cluster and students, as with both of the two types of underground stems, it is called multiple-axis type (amphipodium), its natural for multi-pole ground plexus nature; new growth pole has a special way, from underground stem (rhizome or pole base) shoots up the excavated from Emerging Artists [commonly known as the shoot)), which initially unbranched short period of time. Leaf II, a stem and leaves and nutrition leaves the other; stem leaves and large solitary branches in the pole sections, appropriately called culm sheaths (culm-sheath), branch sheath (branehsheath), they have quite developed than the thin sheath and sheath in the vein of the sheath without significant piece in the couplings between the two also gave birth to the axis, the tongue sheath, in addition to sheath and the sheath mouth Sui ear hair there fairly frequently, but absolutely no film sheath handle; feeding leaves in two rows, alternate branching Branching in the last stage (often called a leaf sprig) in all sections, and the formation of a similar compound in the form of the same side of the leaf sheath often overlapping coverage, each wrapping, sheath Students also have the top of the tongue leaves, leaf sheath mouth ears and hair and other appendages Sui, leaf with petiole, midrib very significant, secondary veins and veins always make clear once again, the small transverse veins visible or not, the petiole short, in the sheath the top two leaves from the inside and outside the cup formed by the tongue within the pockets, because the base of a joint, it can subsequently leaves together with petiole detached from the sheath, while the sheath is retained longer in the branches. Flowering is not fixed, the general very long intervals (years, decades or even centuries or more), some species have only one life-long flowering period, flowering can often continue for several months. There are two basic types of bamboo inflorescence, one is just like ordinary grass, as a flower on the plant part (in the grass, the habit of spikelets on a flat) can form various patterns of inflorescence, their development is completed a one-time, the term is called a single occurrence of inflorescence (semelauctantinflorescence), its the students are in the vegetative parts of the body parts at the top of a feeding leaves [said flag leaf (flag leaf or the uppermost leaf)] above rachis and its branches (including the pedicel) are usually solid, the internal structure of the Shang Xia uniform, branch office (including the pedicel the Health Department) had no significant section, even the shape can have a small scale-like bracts, it is no axillary buds, axillary branches only in the pillow can sometimes be a tumor (tubereule), referred to as real flowers in the bamboo (genuineinflorescence), so that another type of false inflorescence (false inflorescence) respectively; the latter type The basic structure is a fake spike (pseudospikelet), it is extremely l gold spike shortening was born in the small top branches formed, and this small branch in addition to its usual base of the inside of the first out with a leaf, its upper leaves Ying-like organs were decreased or was lemma-like bracts, and together with the apical spikelet is mixing in appearance such as "spike", but this is actually a complex of structures, and the bottom part of the twig Part of the bracts are often small in axillary buds [when the buds of the bracts bract called a (bud-subtending bract)], if the axillary bud development, you can grow into secondary fake spike, the latter may also be axillary develop into another fake spike regeneration, so to repeat, which may eventually form into a ball fake spike cluster, which is followed by the development at all levels of the growth of fake spike made of, so called for the renewal of this fake spike burst took place ( interauctant inflorescence), which was born in vegetative shoots and even sections of the main pole to form a spike-like, cone-shaped or spherical-shaped head of flowers such as style, but their main axis and branches are not specialized, still no vegetative shoots different, or there is a clear section and hollow sections, which is why some people often mistake this squid known as the "inflorescence." With a maximum of florets spikelet; Ying l to a few pieces or without Ying, Ying, and sometimes sterile spikelet lower floret lemma collectively known as the transition beyond Ying (transitional glumes), but often within the sterile lemma with varying degrees of degradation of floral organs and can be distinguished from true Ying; lemma with (3) 5 and even more clock pulse, apex awnless or with a small tip, rarely can be short and straight with l, such as barbed Mountain, and from Music Mountain is not for the knee; palea with 2 or more clock pulse, the back with 2 cylindrical arc without ridges or ridge, the tip can sometimes be split or concave; scales are mostly three, or more to the dilute can be no 6 or more pieces; stamens (2), 3-6, for the most dilute (for example, the group of non-core production of bamboo is ochlandra thwait.) filaments separated from each other or part of the Link, and even with each other or even into a tube flake and become single stamen (monadelphous stamen); pistil 1, style l-3, stigma (1) or more dilute 2-3, ovary ovoid, oblong or nearly round, sometimes the base of shrinkage And as a handle shape. There are various types of fruit, caryopsis more common, easy separation of pieces with the lemma, when the thin skin may be dry or fresh meat, sometimes as large large, then the original volume of the ovary is larger than the number of times (for example, bamboo is melocanna pear trin.), hilum linear, some with fruit with a long, embryo small, mostly f + pp-type or slightly into other types, mostly single-grain endosperm starch (such as pear bamboo can be no endosperm). Chromosome number x = 12. Genus:? Bamboo is bambusa retz. corr. schreb. (Nom.cons.) Mbosretz. (Nom.rej.) Bamboo subfamily (excluding China does not produce herbal bamboo) to a narrower sense is a total of more than 1000 kinds of 70 or so, the general growth in the tropics and subtropics, especially in monsoon areas and more prevalent, but There are also some species that are distributed to the temperature of cold and high altitude mountain areas the upper part; Asia and Central and South America, the largest number of species, followed by Africa, North America and Oceania few outside Europe, no wild than cultivated bamboo. In the place of origin is usually associated with other plants, but can also form pure groups. In addition to introduction and cultivation of above, are known to have more than 500 species of 37 genera, sub-scribe 6 family; their natural distribution restricted to the south of the Yangtze River and its provinces, a few species can also be extended to the north and the Qinling Mountains, the Han River and the Yellow River Basin everywhere.
Undergraduate Overview: woody plants (bamboo and tall grasses also showed some woody-like), or herbs. Root of the vast majority of the fibrous type. Stems mostly erect, but also the spread even as creeping vine-like, usually easier to give birth in the base of the tiller bar (sucker or shoot), obviously has a section of the general (node) and the internode (internode) in two parts [stems often at the undergraduate Special called stalk (culm); in the bamboo pole called to show to distinguish those with grass; section between the hollow, usually cylindrical, or slightly flat, was born in the cavity of the inner pith attached, but also There is full of cavities and diplomats were among the solid; section of a diaphragm within a (diaphragm) exists, it is isolated from the outside to see scabbard ring (sheathnode) and in the top of the stalk sheath ring (culmnode ) in two parts, the same section of the two rings can be described as the distance between the upper and lower section (intrahode), stem bud that was born here. Leaves alternate, simple leaves, often with 1 / 2 leaves arranged in order of 2-line interaction, generally can be divided into 3 parts: ① sheath (leafsheadth),. It is wrapped with the main stem and branches between the various sections, usually open, with its two edges overlapping coverage, or both edges of healing and become a closed cylinder, the base Shaoke swollen sheath; ② Ligule (ligule) in the sheath connected at the top and leaves the adaxial surface, usually low membranous sheet, or by mouth Sui wool sheath instead, is not obvious even without leaves thin tongue, in the top of both sides of the sheath can be a highlight of the extended body, which leaves the ear (auricle), the edge often ciliate or Sui hair ③ leaves (blade), often long and narrow strip, there are oblong, oval, ovate or lanceolate, such as shape, its base directly with students in the top leaf sheath, sessile, a few grasses and bamboo leaf nutrients may petiolate (petiole)], leaves nearly axis (upper surface) and abaxial (lower surface) of the two planes, without carrying out can be swept or dry form, there is a distinct midrib (midrib) and a number of the longitudinal section parallel to secondary veins (sècondary veins), a small cross-vein (crossedveitilet) sometimes exist. Wind-pollinated flowers, only some of the herbs under the tropical rain forest of bamboo can be a rare insect pollination; flowers often sessile, the spikelets (rachilla) arranged on the interaction of 2 lines (especially when spending more natural) to form a spike ( spikelet), and then by their combination into the stem end or the students in various branches at the top of the composite inflorescence, the spikelet only part of the bamboo directly with students in the section at the pole and the branches of [this case can be said that no inflorescence and only real flowers (floweringbranch)], is indeed a very small cob shortening of the inflorescence axis (rachis), both in its section at birth to bracts (boract) and first-out leaves (prophyll) of the 1, if the bottom of the section had only a few bracts without something else, then these can be called Ying bract (glume), while one after another in addition to the top of the sections located near the axis of bracts and the first the leaves, but also between the content with some flowers, then renamed the lemma bracts that (lemma), corresponding to the first leaf is called a lemma (palea), usually in the habit of this two-piece lemma (anthoecium) together with the floral organs contained collectively referred to as flowers (floret), to a gender flowers, for example, include: ① lemma: usually green, with membranous, herbaceous, thin coriaceous, leather quality, texture and other cartilaginous, apex acuminate, acute tip, rounded, _truncate_, retuse or two split those, often with parallel longitudinal veins, the main vein as well as apply the Mountain (also true of other veins); ② palea; often short of small, texture is also thin, apex mostly _truncate_ or slightly concave, the back with 2 ridges, are also a number of parallel longitudinal veins, the two ridges can be stretched out into a small tip or short Mans; ③ scales are (also known as plasma sheet) (lodicule): This is a wheel within a wheel Health perianth degradation, namely, 2 or 3, may be more or thin does not exist, form a small, membranous and transparent, the lower part of a vein pattern, on the edge Health small cilia; ④ stamens: the number of (1) 3-6 pieces, rare for the majority, the next bit, with slender filaments and two-compartment vertical split (split dilute to the top hole) of the anther, which is often the central filaments carrying the top, later maturity can take outside to swing out to spread the pollen; ⑤ pistil 1, with no handle (thin or handle) of the ovary of a sub-chamber, style 2 or 3 (or more dilute a more), the top students have feathery brush or broom stigma, child room containing only a anatropous ovule, which vertical axis in the near surface (ie near the palea) side of the base. Caryopsis usually mostly fruit (caryopsis), the fruit and the seed coat thin cortical healing, general lemma together with the film wrapped it together as grain (grain), also may have other types of fruit and a free or partly free peel; seeds are usually rich in starch endosperm and a small form embryoid bodies, which is located in the abaxial surface of the fruit or seeds (ie close to the lemma) of the base, on the other side you can see from the outside or the base line or point shaped hilum (hilium), often also called linear hilum ventral sulcus (ventral sulcus). Genus: Poa poa l. About 700 undergraduate is known, nearly 10,000 species are monocots second only to orchids orchidaceae large family, but the distribution is broader than the much more lush and individuals, that it is better adapt to different types of ecological environment, it can be said that any growth of seed plants on earth has its place traces. China's provinces has its own distribution, in addition to excluding the introduction of alien species, but made more than 200 genera and 1,500 species or more, can be attributed to Li in the 7 subfamilies, about 45 families.
Overview of the project: The project contains only one Division grass, the character description can be defined in the Section. Some people think it's genetic past and Cyperaceae cyperceae relationship more closely, it belonged to this end by the two subjects within the Ying Garden glumiflorae. According to recent research, particularly through the leaf anatomy and pollen and other aspects of research, not undergraduate is likely to have proved to be leaves from the vine extra-territorial Division flagellariaceae joinvillea gaudichaud genus of plants of this type evolved. Grass and sedge is morphologically similar, not a real affinity, so they should not be the same scribe in a head. |
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