Referring hoof horse, sheep, cattle, pigs and other animals, toe side of the hard things. Even, that is double the number. Double the number of limbs in hoofed animals Jiaoou ground-hoofed animals. Hoofed animals such general two-finger (toe) or four (toe) on the only, such as cattle and sheep before the hind legs only the third and fourth (toe) of the foot most developed, and longer, direct contact ground, the other (toe) or degradation, or underdeveloped, due to (toe) is a dual number, so that ARTIODACTYLA. Hippopotamus, wild boar, camels, deer are cloven-hoofed animals. In addition to Australia, the hoofed animals all over the world.
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No. 2
偶蹄类
Early Eocene, a cloven-hoofed animals known as the ancient animals from the ankle section of the class divide out, it's similar to Perissodactyla class in addition to the talus as the proximal pulley, the pulley-like remote is no longer showing is flat. It is this double pulley of talus laid a progressive ungulates - hoofed basis. In the following years, a cloven-hoofed divided into sub-orders of ancient teeth, curved teeth suborder, pig sub-head, feet parallel and ruminant suborder suborder five groups of a wide variety of large family. Most modern ungulates are all cloven-hoofed animals, their name is mainly based around the feet of the toe because the number is an even number - two or four, and that the foot axis through the third and fourth toe toe between body weight also on the third and fourth toes on the toe. Compared with the twilight of the Perissodactyla class, cloven-hoofed particular deposit can be described as energetic, still thriving, thanks largely to a series of progress they have character. Hoofed talus has two pulley surface, can make the hind legs more freedom to stretch and bend, so hoofed analog Perissodactyla classes are better at jumping. Progress in the later emergence of cloven-hoofed, the forelimbs of the ulnar and radial often healing, hind legs of the fibula is often degenerate into small pieces, even in the tibia; the third and fourth toe and the toe pick of the metacarpal bone healing into the cannon bone often . In addition, the lateral femoral cloven-hoofed not Perissodactyla class section as the third turn. These features are conducive to the movement. Cloven-hoofed success is due to a greater extent the progress of the digestive system. On the one hand, watched their teeth into the crown to the low crested, from mound to mound-shaped - a moon-shaped crescents to the diverse range of models, making different cloven-hoofed able to adapt from omnivorous to herbivorous, feeding on leaves from Hard to feeding grass, hay and other variety of food resources. On the other hand, the progress of cloven-hoofed - feet parallel and ruminant suborder suborder groups, the development of a compartment of the stomach, the food plant was cut after the first teeth bite into the rumen and reticulum, where it is digested into a soft block symbiotic bacteria and partially decomposed, and these soft blocks and then back to the mouth of rumination, well-chewed after the re-ingestion plena continue to digest the stomach and abomasum. This complex process can make the parallel isopods and ruminant animals in a short hurry to swallow a lot of plant food, then hiding in a safe place slowly. Late Cenozoic, carnivorous animals, or because the body becomes more and more end groups due to the development of social behavior while chasing prey become more effective hunters, this time, progress of cloven-hoofed ruminants caused by adaptive behavior makes them can greatly superior to Perissodactyla class.
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Cloven-hoofed (fossil)
outi lei (huashi) Cloven-hoofed (fossil) There are many hoofed up the already extinct hoofed mammals, such as ancient pigs, river pig, vice camel, ancient mouse deer, deer bone swelling, spin oryx, the original cattle, their fossils are very widespread. The main features of each of their feet are generally 2 or 4 almost equal size of the toes, the body with a focus on the third and fourth toes. The fifth toe and second toe is small or has disappeared. The first toe on some early pig-shaped feet before the class is still preserved. There are two talus trochlear; femur no third rotor. Most hoofed, especially in males, in the frontal bone has a diagonal ("hole angle" or "antlers"), some extinct deer occurs in the third corner. Primitive hoofed teeth teeth complete. Incisors in the evolution of the trend has completely degraded. On canine sometimes develop into "fangs" or missing. And hippo canine teeth in pigs under a very developed; in ruminants in the degradation, or was the door profile. Cloven-hoofed molars can be divided into low-crown type of mound-shaped teeth, a crescent-shaped hill topped the type of tooth and crescent-shaped teeth. Molars and the limb of the structure in the cloven-hoofed categories account for a very important position. All extant and extinct hoofed class can be divided into three sub-orders, that pig-shaped sub-orders (Suiformes), corpus foot suborder (Tylopoda) and ruminant suborder (Ruminantia). Corpus foot suborder (Tylopoda) long skull, no angle. Ancient types of home teeth complete, remaining relatively late in the third incisor type. Molars crescent. Contains two sections, namely Section camels (Camelidae), including camels and alpacas are born and their ancestors and the extinct saber-toothed beast Division (Xiphodontidae). Camel class origins in the late Eocene in North America, to a new world began in Asia, North Africa and South America. Small camel fossil found in China. Known pre-Pleistocene giant vice camel (Paracamelus □ i □ as) and the Pleistocene of Bactrian camel (Camelus knoblochi). Saber-toothed animal subjects, including some of Europe in the Eocene and early Oligocene the original species. Ruminant suborder includes mouse deer, deer and hole angle classes. They began to appear from the late Eocene to Miocene prosperous start to become the most widely distributed species and the largest number of hoofed animals. Can be the most primitive ruminants Late Eocene of Inner Mongolia ancient mouse deer (Archaeomer □ x) as the representative. Ancient mouse deer the size of the current health of the mouse deer (Tra □ ulus) are similar. No head angle, a square upper molars, molars with four crescent-shaped cusps. Limb length, metacarpal bone or □ no healing phenomenon. His back bent. There is a long tail, which is in most ruminants have lost the original character. Deer can be the most primitive Oligocene original deer (Eumer □ x) as the representative. The original nature of the original, such as individual deer is small, there is no angle on the skull. The saber-like canines to expand into, back bent, short tail, legs and feet stretch, the two central metacarpal or cannon bone □ bone healing and other properties as also some deer remain in the Miocene on. Modern Asian musk deer (Moschus) is the survival of primitive types, like those early Miocene deer. China Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene strata in a lot of deer is deer such as the crown (Stephanocemas), pronghorn deer are (Dicrocerus), is a deer (Muntiacus), an ancestral deer (Cervavitus), really sticks deer is (Eucladocerus), deer horn is (Me □ aloceros) and so on. Giraffe has a close relationship with the deer, giraffe is generally believed that the deer from the Miocene
