伯牙
Contents
《Ya》
Poet: Wang Anshi

  千载朱弦无此悲,欲弹孤绝鬼神疑。
  故人舍我闭黄壤,流水高山心自知。
No. 2
  People of ancient legend. Spring and Autumn Period Folk Musician. Good play, "Mountain and Flowing Water." "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" has Boya Guqin, and six, Yang Mo "sentence. According to" Spring and Autumn Annals "records, Bo Ya played music images, are understood Zhong Ziqi. Zhong Ziqi death Bo Ya broke piano strings absolutely, for life is no longer playing, later transfer to Intimate "elephants.
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No. 3
  Who specializes in playing the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has the famous zither player piano into a lien, not a three. Become connected to the East China Sea after with the Penglai Mountain, smell the surging sea, the sound of birds in the forest weeps, Xinyousuogan, is the assistance piano and singing. Since then, great progress in playing, and eventually became the world Cherish. Music of "Daffodils", "Mountain and Flowing Water", according to legend were made by him. See Han-Yong, "Qin Cao Daffodils." "Zi Encouraging learning": "Bo Ya Mo Yang Gu Qin and six horses." Yang Jing Note: "Boya, Guzhi Shan Gu Qin who do not know what generation." "Spring and Autumn Annals of the taste": "Boya Gu Qin, Zhong Ziqi Listen. Fang Gu Qin and aim at Tai Shan. Zhong Ziqi said: 'Praise be almost Guqin, too lofty and imposing mountains.' little between elections, and aim at water. clock Son of Youyue: 'Praise be almost Guqin, almost if the water stirred.' Zhong Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke piano strings absolutely, for life no longer Guqin, that the world were no less complex for the Guqin. "Gao You : "Peter, last name; teeth, name, or for Ya." Tang money from, "said U.S. Yangshi Yu Qing Wen, see" Poetry: "Bo Ya Road funeral years, no strings were added." Ming Shen, "Lanting order" : "This is Mountain and Flowing Water of the exercise, Boya back to life, can not match his carry on."
Translated by Google
No. 4
  伯牙,春秋战国时期晋国的上大夫,原籍是楚国郢都(今湖北荆州)。经考证,伯牙原本就姓伯,后世有人说他“姓俞名瑞,字伯牙”是明末小说家冯梦龙在小说中的杜撰,而在此之前的史书与《荀子》、《琴操》、《列子》等书中均为“伯牙”。东汉高诱注曰:“伯姓,牙名,或作雅”,现代的《辞源》也注曰:“伯姓牙名”。伯在古代是个很普通的姓,如周武王时不食周粟的伯夷,秦穆王时擅长相马的伯乐等。
  伯牙是春秋时著名的琴师,擅弹古琴(是琴不是筝),技艺高超。既是弹琴能手,又是作曲家,被人尊为“琴仙”。《荀子•劝学篇》中曾讲“伯牙鼓琴而六马仰科”,可见他弹琴技术之高超。《吕氏春秋·本味篇》记有伯牙鼓琴遇知音,钟子期领会琴曲志在高山、流水的故事。《琴操》记载:伯牙学琴三年不成,他的老师成连把他带到东海蓬莱山去听海水澎湃、群鸟悲鸣之音,于是他有感而作《水仙操》。现在的琴曲《高山》《流水》和《水仙操》都是传说中伯牙的作品。后人以伯牙摔琴谢知音的故事为题材还创作了琴歌《伯牙吊子期》。
  伯牙抚琴“高山流水遇知音”的故事流传千古,“知音”一词因此传诵。
  据载有一年,伯牙奉晋王之命出使楚国。八月十五那天,他乘船来到了汉阳江口。遇风浪,停泊在一座小山下。晚上,风浪渐渐平息了下来,云开月出,景色十分迷人。望着空中的一轮明月,伯牙琴兴大发,拿出随身带来的琴,专心致志地弹了起来。他弹了一曲又一曲,正当他完全沉醉在优美的琴声之中的时候,猛然看到一个人在岸边一动不动地站着。伯牙吃了一惊,手下用力,“啪”的一声,琴弦被拨断了一根。伯牙正在猜测岸边的人为何而来,就听到那个人大声地对他说:“先生,您不要疑心,我是个打柴的,回家晚了,走到这里听到您在弹琴,觉得琴声绝妙,不由得站在这里听了起来。”
  伯牙借着月光仔细一看,那个人身旁放着一担干柴,果然是个打柴的人。伯牙心想:一个打柴的樵夫,怎么会听懂我的琴呢?于是他就问:“你既然懂得琴声,那就请你说说看,我弹的是一首什么曲子?”
  听了伯牙的问话,那打柴的人笑着回答:“先生,您刚才弹的是孔子赞叹弟子颜回的曲谱,只可惜,您弹到第四句的时候,琴弦断了。”
  打柴人的回答一点不错,伯牙不禁大喜,忙邀请他上船来细谈。那打柴人看到伯牙弹的琴,便说:“这是瑶琴!相传是伏羲氏造的。”接着他又把这瑶琴的来历说了出来。听了打柴人的这番讲述,伯牙心中不由得暗暗佩服。接着伯牙又为打柴人弹了几曲,请他辨识其中之意。当他弹奏的琴声雄壮高亢的时候,打柴人说:“这琴声,表达了高山的雄伟气势。”当琴声变得清新流畅时,打柴人说:“这后弹的琴声,表达的是无尽的流水。”
  伯牙听了不禁惊喜万分,自己用琴声表达的心意,过去没人能听得懂,而眼前的这个樵夫,竟然听得明明白白。没想到,在这野岭之下,竟遇到自己久久寻觅不到的知音,于是他问明打柴人名叫钟子期,和他喝起酒来。俩人越谈越投机,相见恨晚,结拜为兄弟。约定来年的中秋再到这里相会。
  和钟子期洒泪而别后第二年中秋,伯牙如约来到了汉阳江口,可是他等啊等啊,怎么也不见钟子期来赴约,于是他便弹起琴来召唤这位知音,可是又过了好久,还是不见人来。第二天,伯牙向一位老人打听钟子期的下落,老人告诉他,钟子期已不幸染病去世了。临终前,他留下遗言,要把坟墓修在江
  边,到八月十五相会时,好听俞伯牙的琴声。
  听了老人的话,伯牙万分悲痛,他来到钟子期的坟前,凄楚地弹起了古曲《高山流水》。弹罢,他挑断了琴弦,长叹了一声,把心爱的瑶琴在青石上摔了个粉碎。他悲伤地说:我唯一的知音已不在人世了,这琴还弹给谁听呢?”
  两位“知音”的友谊感动了后人,人们在他们相遇的地方,筑起了一座古琴台。直至今天,人们还常用“知音”来形容朋友之间的情谊。
  两人千古传诵的诗篇:摔碎瑶琴凤尾寒,子期不在对谁弹!春风满面皆朋友,欲觅知音难上难。
  战国·郑·列御寇《列子·汤问》:“伯牙鼓琴,志在高山,钟子期曰:'善哉,巍巍乎若泰山!' 志在流水,钟子期曰:'善哉,洋洋乎若流水。'”
Related Phrases
(mus. instr.)QinScores