Datong City in Shanxi Province in Northwest Wu Zhou Shannan foot. Built in Northern Wei, the existing cave 53, 1 km long stretch things, there are 51,000 more than a thousand small Buddha statues respect, the biggest Buddhas of up to 17 meters. And the Dunhuang Grottoes, Luoyang, Longmen Grottoes in China and said the three caves. A national key cultural relics protection units.
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No. 2
Yungang Grottoes Contact Address: Wu Zhou foothills at 16 km west of Datong, mountain cut, 1 km stretch things. Postal Code: 037008 Telephone complaints Datong Yungang Grottoes Tourism complaints Tel 0352 -5107215 Shanxi Tourism complaints Tel 0351 -7325012 National Tourism complaints Tel :010-65275315 Yungang Grottoes scenic area honors aaaa-level national cultural heritage World Heritage ticket price 60 yuan Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes in Datong festivals folk festivals, in addition to the Spring Festival and 24 solar terms outside farming , as well as February 2, March 3, May 5, June 6, July 7, September 9, Lantern Festival, the Hungry Ghost Festival positive day, Jizao day, travel sickness, warehouses and other small Tim and so on. Since the Revolution, the concept of change with the times and establish a scientific sense, Datong traditional festival gradually fade gradually evolved. Hours 8:30-18:00 Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes in Datong is located in the Loess Plateau, the best time to travel, complex and diverse topography, basically a temperate continental monsoon climate, the average temperature of only 6.8 degrees. Datong very cold in winter, cooler in summer weather, is a good place for summer. Here the most notable feature is the large temperature difference between day and night, you'd better bring a piece of clothing to ward off the cold sooner or later. The annual spring and summer is the best time to travel. Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes traffic map guide map Yungang Grottoes reminded train from Taiyuan to Datong up to about four hours. Shan Temple in Datong, down Huayansi, Nine Dragon Wall, etc., fly two hours to complete the entire tour, Yungang Grottoes 19 km from the city, in the new bus station opened in the western district of Datong car Direct can also be chartered to (about $ 50). Yungang Grottoes six p.m. closed, you'd better rush at about five o'clock, when the date west, afterglow tenderness, wandering around in front of the grotto forceful simplicity, do not feel too good Oh. In the evening to return to the Datong accommodation Welcome Road, with a lot of hotels, but you can bargain, 150 yuan can enjoy three-star hotel treatment. Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi cuisine and other similar places, Datong still eating a variety of pasta specialties, the food here is very good quality, and low prices, you can go to the city's red food city, decor, service, superb dishes , only a few dozen yuan can appetite. Datong famous snack pea noodles, Haggis Fentang, You noodles, buckwheat noodles lump Ge, Yang Gao apricots, Guang Ling tofu, Datong yellow cake, fried crisp hunyuan soybeans, quite worth a try. Accommodation Datong Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province is the main tourist areas of the city there are various grades of hotels to choose from, prices are not too expensive. Yingbin Road, south of the city focused on a few more upscale hotel facilities; station near the hostel facilities, although not good, but inexpensive, only tens of dollars a day. But Datong is one of China's major coal-producing areas, urban pollution is more serious, a little bit of this you'd better be prepared. Yungang Grottoes in Datong City's main commercial street shopping, including the big four arches and a small West Street. There are two streets in this large-scale shopping malls, shopping centers, such as ZTE, East Building, Huafeng shopping malls. Another variety of leisure shops on both sides of the street, leather shop, headwear stores, lingerie shops. Here is the night market street, diverse varieties of goods cheaper, and vision will be a good bargain, I can pick out the good things in here yet. Yungang Grottoes in Datong transport bus from the bus station there to train the Yungang Grottoes, Hengshan and other tourist areas. Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes play sculpture tour in India absorb and learn from Gandhara Buddhist art at the same time, organic understanding of Chinese traditional art style, the history of sculpture in the world, also has a very important position. Yungang Grottoes in Datong Wu Zhou foothills west at 16 kilometers, the mountain cut, 1 km stretch things. National key cultural relics protection unit is one of three caves China, but also the smell out of the world's art treasures. Wu Zhou because grotto built in the foothills, and its highest point name Yungang, so named for the Yungang Grottoes. Big Buddha tall and majestic display universally Domination, no comparison mettle. Other stone, each pole by a low like a product, total obedience to the big Buddha. Flying and dwarf matched for Buddha service. Flying holding musical instruments, dancing sky, which means that service in the shade of a happy Buddha. Jurassic cowardly short stature, strong trunk, carved niches base, pedestal base, the lower beam, capitals, etc., forced heavy lifting, still looked great joy, expressed as a heavy duty clothes Buddha is happy thing. Buddha symbolizes the emperor, the other levels of the statue is the size of the ministers, serving in a variety of flying dwarf slaves and people. 53 existing caves, stone statues 50,001 thousand statue. Buddha highest 17 meters, the smallest only a few centimeters. Wu Zhou Shannan cliff, something stretching one kilometer, Yungang Grottoes shrines, like honeycomb clouds, large, medium and small caves Mounted density has caused to the Yungang halfway. Here stone gathering, Shiren, stone horses, stone, relief cluster, is one of the largest stone base. Yungang Grottoes dating back more than 1,500 years of history, was founded in AD 453 (North Weixing An years), by the time the Buddhist monk Tan Yao drilled for granted. Most completed in 495 AD, which lasted more than 40 years, with the rest of the small cave, has nearly 50 years. Cut the number of participants, as many as four million people, and even then the lion country (Sri Lanka) Buddhists, also participated in the world-famous art. Yungang grottoes carved in India absorb and learn Buddhist art of Gandhara, while organic blend of Chinese traditional art style, the history of sculpture in the world, has a very important position. Today, it has become the admiration of foreign visitors and desirable tourist destination. Yungang Grottoes is one of three caves China is also the world-famous art treasures. Yungang caves to dozens of caves dug Tan Yao five earliest and most magnificent boldness. The fifth, sixth and five Chinese Cave Cave content rich, splendid Guiqi, is the essence of Yungang art. First, two cave Two double Cave Cave, located in the eastern end of the Yungang Grottoes. A cave carved out of the two central square tower, the steeply as Maitreya, the Buddha of weathering and erosion mostly walls, doors on both sides of the south wall of the cave carved Korimaro, Monju, the lower part of the east wall reliefs JATAKA relatively intact; two three-Cave central tower is a square, each surrounded by three pavilion-style carved shrines, cave wall surface also carved out a small five-story tower, is the study of the Northern Wei Dynasty architectural image data. Third Cave Yungang Grottoes in this cave is the largest cave. Height of about 25 meters in front of broken walls, Chuan Tan Yao scriptures floor, front room of the cave, carved into an upper middle front room Maitreya Kushi, one pair of carved around three square tower. South west side of the chamber carved face rounded, muscled, Corolla fine, flowing drapery three Buddha statues, deity seated height of about 10 meters, the two Buddha statues each 6.2 meters high. From three sculptures like the style and look, probably Tang Dynasty (seventh century AD) when carving. Fourth Cave Cave central carved a rectangular column, the north and south sides of the carved six statues, carved three statues all things. Top of the south wall of the cave door Annals Northern Weizheng Guang (AD 520 a 525), bearing in mind that this is the latest of the existing Yungang Grottoes in mind. Fifth Cave Yungang Grottoes is located in the middle, with a group of six double Cave Cave. Cave minutes before and after room after room of the north wall of the main like Buddhas, the central statue 17 meters high, is the largest Buddha of Yungang Grottoes. Cave walls full of carved shrines, statues. Both sides of the arch, carved Buddha sitting Linden had two top relief flying, graceful lines. The first two Cave Cave has five four-story pavilion, the existing building to the early Qing Dynasty (AD 1651) reconstruction Junji eight years. Sixth Cave Cave plane near the square, the center is a two-story square tower connected Grottoes, about 15 meters high. Layer below the big tower called niches, carved sitting Buddha south west carved statues sit leaning north Dubbo welcome release for carving statue, carved cross the eastern foot Maitreya image. Tower surrounded by large niches on both sides and both sides of the cave, east, south, and out the window a couple of walls, carved out of 33 depict the Buddha Sakyamuni story from birth to relief enlightened. This cave grand scale, richly carved, refining techniques, Yungang Grottoes is one of the most representative. Seventh, eighth Cave Cave is a group of two double cave, the first two Cave Cave Cave has three wooden eaves. Cave seven points after room after room like the north wall of the main Buddha III, east, west and south walls arranged Jataka reliefs and performance of the Buddha story shrines. Flying South Kuding level chess six upper wall door arch support Heaven, very fine engraving; eight cave walls weathered statue. The west side of the door arch inscribed with five heads and six arms multiply peacock dove Cat days, the eastern side of Mount Luu engraved with the first Law Day, carving techniques and modeling are more mature, this theme in mind Yungang Grottoes are rare exceptions. Ninth, tenth Cave Cave is a group of two double Cave, Cave of around nine rooms, the south wall of the front room octagonal columns hewn column. Chisel out the window on the rear compartment cave door. Something carved out of the front room wall three shrines wood structure building, wall full of carved statues, flying. After the north wall of the main room like Sakyamuni Buddha; ten minutes before the cave also, both inside and outside the chamber door sides have carved arch design patterns, structured, full of change. Cave XI to 13 Three cave grotto for the group. Eleven caves carved into the middle of the square columns, carved top and bottom sides of each niche. There are seven upper east wall of Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 483 years) statues inscription is an important Yungang Grottoes Research dug history; twelve caves hewn front room front three wood-framed building cave eaves. Things are carved out of the wall three shrines wood structure buildings, Kuding carved Kuregaku days, handheld Pai Hsiao, Pa Yap, flute, drums and other musical instruments; thirteen statues south wall of the cave Chilbulbong layer and the underlying support Dongbi Heaven is the cave in the boutique. Cave XVI 16 to 20 caves, Yungang Grottoes is the earliest opening chisel five caves, known as "Tan Yao five cave." Sixteen Cave flat oval. Like the middle of the main Buddha image, 13.5 meters high, stand lotus pedestal, carved terra peripheral wall and shrines. Seventeenth Cave Like Lord Buddha III, the middle of cross-seated Maitreya, 15.6 meters high. East and West walls each carved niches, East is seated, West statue. Out the window on the eastern side of the Northern Wei Dynasty thirteen years (AD 489 years) shrines, after being carved up. Eighteenth Cave Like Lord Buddha III, middle terra wearing robes Sakyamuni Buddha, 15.5 meters high. Dongbi upper group of disciples, very skilled carving techniques, is a masterpiece. Nineteenth Cave III, such as the master, the Buddha statue in Cave, 16.8 meters high, is the second largest in the Yungang Grottoes like. Something outside the cave carved two pierced ears, each carved an 8-meter statue. Twenty-Cave Before the cave with about Liao had previously collapsed, statues completely open air. Three stand like Buddha, a Buddha statue in the middle, 13.7 meters high, like the face of this plump, generous shoulders, shape majestic, vigorous spirit, as the Yungang Grottoes sculpture masterpiece.
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Caves Introduction
Chinese name: Yungang Grottoes Name: Yungang Grottoes World Heritage _select_ion criteria: C (I) (II) (III) (IV), Yungang Grottoes in December 2001 appeared in the "World Heritage List." Evaluation of the World Heritage Committee: Datong Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province, has 252 niches, statues, more than 51,000 statues, represent the 5th century AD to the 6th century Chinese Buddhist cave art outstanding. Tan Yao five caves in which the layout design rigorous unification of Chinese Buddhist art of the first peak of the classic masterpiece. Exact location on the map longitude 113 ° 7'20 〃, 〃 latitude 40 ° 6'35 Scenic protection: 348.75 hectares. Buffer Size: 846.81 hectares.
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Overview
Yungang Grottoes is one of the largest caves, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang and Maiji Mountain and known as China's four grottoes art treasure. Located west of Datong City, Shanxi Province Wu 周山南 at the foot of 16 kilometers, the mountain and chisel, something about one kilometer stretch of momentum, rich in content. The existing 45 major caves, size and niches 252, statue statues 50,001 thousand, representing 5-6 century AD outstanding Chinese Buddhist cave art. Tan Yao five caves in which the layout design rigorous unification of Chinese Buddhist art of the first peak of the classic masterpiece. Yungang Grottoes is one of the world-famous stone carving art treasures. In 1961 the State Council promulgated a national key cultural relics protection units, in 2001 as a World Heritage Site. May 8, 2007, Datong Yungang Grottoes formally approved by the National Tourism Administration for the state 5A-class tourist attractions. All walks of life has become an important place for sightseeing, but also the international friends of admiration and longing tourist destination. In this stretch of one kilometer stone base, a large statue of ten meters, small to several centimeters, boulders lie, stone buildings, a splendid sight. Some of them sat, lifelike, some singing and dancing, high spirits, or a drum or bell, or holding a piccolo, or embrace pipa, leisurely, Xiaoying visitors. The statues on the fly, sponsor, support human face and clothing, have left the ancient wisdom and diligence of working people. These statues and Musicians Figurine, also clearly reveal the exotic colors. On the basis of China's traditional art of carving on the lessons, integrate the best of Indian and Persian art of Gandhara Art, which is the wisdom of the ancient people of creative work, but also to witness their history of friendly exchanges with other countries. Yungang Grottoes dating back more than 1,500 years of history, was founded in AD 460 by the Buddhist monk Tan Yao was dug for granted. Existing Yungang Grottoes, one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961 by the State Council announced. Entire grotto is divided into eastern, central and west parts, shrines inside the caves, like honeycomb clouds, large, medium and small cave density has caused inlaid in Yungang halfway. Caves east to build a multi-tower-based, it is also known Tapdong; central grotto each front and back chambers, the main Buddhist center, wall and roof covered with reliefs; west to the small caves and grottoes carved up a small shrine To most, built slightly later era, mostly the work of the Northern Wei Qiandouluoyang after. The whole spirit grand grotto, stately appearance, carving delicate, a prominent theme. Various religious grotto sculpture characters look different. On carving techniques, inherited and developed the fine art tradition of Qin and Han dynasties, has absorbed the beneficial ingredients Gandhara art, Yungang create unique artistic style, the study of sculpture, architecture, music, religion is extremely valuable information.
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Caves History
Grotto before cutting in North 魏兴安 years (AD 453 years), the majority completed before the Northern Qiandouluoyang at (494 AD), the project has been extended to the statues are light years (AD 520 ~ 525 years). Buddha Cave, Hercules, flying image lively, delicate carving on the tower, on 承秦汉 (221 BC - AD 220) the essence of realist art, under the open Sui and Tang (AD 581 ~ 907) Romantic Color of precedent, and Gansu Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes in Henan Province said "China's three major caves." Cut time can be divided according to early, middle and late three different periods of Grotto style has its own characteristics. Early "Tan Yao five Cave" magnificent, with rich, rustic Western atmosphere. Interim grotto places crafted ornate known to the world, showing the complex, magnificent Northern Wei Dynasty style. Late Kushi scale is small, but the characters lean handsome, modest proportions, is the example of cave art in northern China and the "thin bones clean like" source. In addition, caves left BaiXi acrobatic dance and sculpture, but also was reflected popular Buddhist thought and reflection of the Northern Wei Dynasty social life. Yungang Grottoes vividly historical track record of Buddhist art in India and Central Asia, the development of the Chinese Buddhist art, Buddhist statues in China reflects the gradual secularization, nationalization process. Statues of Buddhist art in a variety of styles Yungang Grottoes achieve unprecedented mastery, thus forming "Yungang pattern" has become a turning point in the development of Chinese Buddhist art. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty statues were affected to varying degrees, the Yungang Grottoes. Yungang Grottoes is a grotto art "China" began. Yungang Grottoes appear mid-Chinese palace style architecture sculpture, and on this basis to develop the Chinese-style Buddha niches, has been widely used in future generations of cave temple construction. Yungang Grottoes Kushi advanced layout and decoration, more prominently show the strong Chinese style architecture, decor, reflecting Buddhist Art "China" deepening. According to historical records, the peace between the Northern Wei (AD 460 to 471 years) presided over by the famous monk Tan Yao, Wu states in the western suburbs of the capital plugs, caves dug five, now number twenty-Cave Cave XVI, who was then the first cut The so-called "Tan Yao five cave." Other major caves, mostly completed in eighteen years of Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 494 years) before Xiaowen Qianduluoyang, dating back more than fifteen hundred years of history. Yungang Grottoes long history, large-scale, content-rich, fine carving, known as the miracle of Chinese art history. Caves, there look different, lifelike various characters, such as Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, disciples and law enforcement heavens, etc.; has simple style, shape and diverse wood structure buildings; has a prominent theme, knife skill Buddha Biography relief; has complicated composition rich, beautiful exquisite decorative patterns; There are carvings of ancient musical instruments such as the harp, Pai Hsiao, wicker horn and lute, etc., colorful, dazzling. On the carving skills, inherited and developed the tradition of excellence of the Qin era sculpture, but also learn a blend of beneficial ingredients in India and Gandhara art, creating a unique style of art, sculpture in the history of our country left an important page. Yungang Grottoes is not only important today to understand and study the image data of ancient history, sculpture, architecture, music, and other aspects of religion, but also a retrospective of ancient cultural exchange and friendship between the people of the physical evidence. Fifteen hundred years, the Yungang Grottoes, influenced by weathering, erosion and earthquakes, the damage is more serious, liberation has also been artificially broken ring, according to incomplete statistics, stolen Buddha head overseas to, as much as a Buddha more than four hundred thousand, traces of chisels, which still. Since the founding of the party and the government's concern for the Yungang Grottoes conducted several large-scale maintenance works, so that the ancient art treasures have been properly protected.
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Ten Aspect
A look at the name Yungang Grottoes is left behind during the Northern Wei dynasty, now the capital of Datong pyongsong a historical monument, is a World Heritage Site, a national treasure, Datong business culture, groups of foreign visitors 慕其盛 name after another. Second look shape Wu Zhou Shan, Yiming Wu Shan State, a large city in the Western Hills. Song "peace in mind" primer "Jizhou map" cloud:. ". Wu Zhou Shan in the county northwest, something hundreds of years, fifty miles south of the north-south mountain, steeply Chihiro" Yungang Grottoes that because Wu 周山南 edge chop mountains cut. Third, look at Cave Yungang Grottoes cave diverse, complex structures. There are big, like Cave, Buddha Cave, Cave Tamiao, Sengfang Cave, Cave Zen, of which the first three are the main types of Yungang caves. Four to see the Buddha Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, disciples, law enforcement and other characters appear as religion, is accompanied by the development of Buddhist art trajectory occurred. Five look at the paintings Yungang Grottoes opened this exquisite "stone book" Piansi opened an exquisite volume painting, in order to Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, disciples, flying as the main content of the screen, is also dotted with a number of Buddhist stories painting. These stories painting, sculpture, though not as mainstream content, but it and other carvings in caves, like contrast with the theme, Dress up the cave, so Yungang Grottoes Fengyun dazzling pearl, bursting out with a unique artistic brilliance. Six to see Art Yungang Grottoes dance sculpture, is the product of a combination of ancient multicultural, ethnic folk music and dance art of deep long on this accumulation. After the survey, there are 22 caves in caves carved musical images, surviving more than 500 pieces of various musical instruments sculpture, 27 species, more than 60 _set_s of band combinations. Expressive Buddhist community or specialized SKILL vulgar world, there are also decorated in a patterned wall space decorative Kabuki; has a large-scale, in the form of Temple SKILL Junli, there YOUE ethereal trend, with swirling flow of the beauty of flying SKILL. Seven to see history Xianbei Tuoba Department is an interest in the Yinshan Mountains south of Prairie nomads. AD 386, the Xianbei Tuoba rise in Shengle --- now Inner Mongolia, and Lingle established the Northern Wei regime. Later, Wei Saibei ethnic clothes, moved the capital in 398 pyongsong today Datong, North China Ping Cheng as political and cultural center of 96 years. Xianbei Tuoba custom Junichi, originally did not believe Buddhism, and the Wei and Jin Tong recruits, especially after the introduction of even a wing bullock introduction, began to accept Buddhism. Eight Man 1500 years, the Yungang Grottoes so many poets, celebrities and scholars, dignitaries its dumping, singing, leaving many of the Millennium immortal masterpiece, greatly enriched the cultural connotation of the Yungang Grottoes. Nine watching Union Couplet tastes, and people loved to prime. Yungang Grottoes, leaving many ancient couplets, add luster to the world's cultural heritage. Cave front overhang Governor Extraordinary five soldiers Mashi Lang Tong Yang Xin Mao Qing Junji amount in the summer of 1651 inscribed plaque [big temples]. Door Union are: Buddha Buddha multiplied built environment into Buddha Buddha's heart Yunshan yunling with cloud water around Cloud City Six cave in the middle of the door hanging Kangxi imperial brush inscribed plaque [solemn wears]. Exterior doors Union: Minghui mirror of the cloud water containing vancomycin Emmanuel Zhao Qun class men and women are achievements Purdue take refuge from Cihhang Chiaki carefully dissatisfied Dharma of entertainment Shou Guang Xun Shi Chong Lintel Union: mountains with a total length of day Yunxiu Fodeng Ten see Temple Yungang Grottoes Cave created long before the wooden structure, known as the "ten Temple", and as "ten." "Ten," said Liao about since the beginning. Jin ten surviving, imperial system seven years (1147) Cao Yanzhuan "Daikin Xijing Wu Shan State rebuilt a large cave temple monument", the inscription records "...... Xijing those big cave temple, built by Hou Wei's also , where there are ten, showing a pass, two Yeongam, three whales Chong, four town of the country, protect the country five or six Temple, Chong teach seven or eight young boys Kegon nine, ten Doushuai ...... " Chenghua years (1474), such as Hu posthumous compilation in the "Annals of Shanxi" Volume "temples" of the cloud: "In the west of Datong city with thirty-five, when Hou Wei Jian, God began Swiss, who finally Masamitsu seven. Emperor, whose temple calendar hundred a year: three towns with liter of Emmanuel country, protect the country four or five Chongfu, six boy, seven Buddhist, Kegon eight, nine Palace, the temple has ten Doushuai per _set_.. The repair stone twenty niches, gold imperial system between the repair. "Zhang Qin Ming Masanori Compilation" Datong Prefecture Kingdoms temples, "volume IV, Ming Jiajing," Harmony House "Kango make records in both the" Chenghua Chi "Great minds think alike. Hu Wen Ye Qing Junji essays, "cloud county annals build records," says: "the grotto temple ...... there are ten million twenty niches containing the repair stone precipice, all things as to the Governor Tong Junji rate is eight. donate riches, much repair. serve Diange tower, Huang Jin Biying Katsumi Buddhist temple. Kuiran Yanbei a shengjing too. " "Ten Temple" abandoned, in about the mid-Ming later.
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Introduction of Cave
First Cave, Cave of the second cave two double Cave, located in the eastern end of the Yungang Grottoes. A cave carved out of the two central square tower, the steeply as Maitreya, the Buddha of weathering and erosion mostly walls, doors on both sides of the south wall of the cave carved Korimaro, Monju, the lower part of the east wall reliefs JATAKA relatively intact; two three-Cave central tower is a square, each surrounded by three pavilion-style carved shrines, cave wall surface also carved out a small five-story tower, is the study of the Northern Wei Dynasty architectural image data. The third cave is the largest Yungang Grottoes, a height of about 25 meters in front of broken walls, Chuan Tan Yao scriptures floor, front room of the cave, carved into an upper middle front room Maitreya Kushi, about three-carved one pair square tower. South west side of the chamber carved face rounded, muscled, Corolla fine, flowing drapery three Buddha statues, deity seated height of about 10 meters, the two Buddha statues each 6.2 meters high. From three sculptures like the style and look, probably Tang Dynasty (seventh century AD) when carving. Fourth Cave, Cave central carved a rectangular column, the north and south sides of the carved six statues, carved three statues all things. Top of the south wall of the cave door Annals Northern Weizheng Guang (AD 520 a 525), bearing in mind that this is the latest of the existing Yungang Grottoes in mind. Fifth Cave, located in the middle of the Yungang Grottoes, with a group of six double Cave Cave. Cave minutes before and after room after room of the north wall of the main like Buddhas, the central statue 17 meters high, is the largest Buddha of Yungang Grottoes. Cave walls full of carved shrines, statues. Both sides of the arch, carved Buddha sitting Linden had two top relief flying, graceful lines. The first two Cave Cave has five four-story pavilion, the existing building to the early Qing Dynasty (AD 1651) reconstruction Junji eight years. Sixth Cave, Cave plane nearly square, the center is a two-square tower connected Grottoes, about 15 meters high. Layer below the big tower called niches, carved sitting Buddha south west carved statues sit leaning north Dubbo welcome release for carving statue, carved cross the eastern foot Maitreya image. Tower surrounded by large niches on both sides and both sides of the cave, east, south, and out the window a couple of walls, carved out of 33 depict the Buddha Sakyamuni story from birth to relief enlightened. This cave grand scale, richly carved, refining techniques, Yungang Grottoes is one of the most representative. Seventh Cave, Cave has three former wooden eaves Cave, the Cave of the front and rear chambers. After the chamber wall layers are engraved with Buddha sitting on a lion seat. On the east, west and south wall, covered with statues carved shrines, six Bodhisattvas on the south wall of the door arch, beautiful lifelike image. Flying Kuding relief, lively, each with Lotus as the center, circled flying, dancing and moving. Eighth Cave, the cave has five heads and six arms on both sides multiply peacock dove Cat Day, on the eastern side engraved with eight arms riding three head of cattle MO XI Luo first day, this statue at Yungang extremely rare. Ninth Cave, front and back chambers, front room door arches between the pillars octagonal room wall engraved with the shrines, Musicians, dancers, statues lively, dynamic and strong. Tenth caves, dug over the same period with nine caves, front and back chambers. Flying front room has a beautiful body, the proportion of coordination. Ming upper windows, stone Buddha group composition complex, exquisitely delicate, compelling. Eleventh Cave, Cave of the total direct Kuding square tower, surrounded by carved statues. Positive, Bodhisattva preserved. Peripheral wall of the cave shrines and small Buddha statues carved full. Twelfth Cave, the positive side wall engraved with SKILL Heaven, holding a chord, percussion, and looked different, vivid. Their hands panpipes, harp and other classical instruments is very precious, is an important study of music information. Thirteenth Cave, middle side seat foot Maitreya Buddha statue post, more than 12 meters high, carved like a prop arm between his left arm and leg disabilities, this is only one example of the Yungang Grottoes. South wall of the upper part of the door arch Chilbulbong statue, carving delicate, elegant gesture. Fourteenth Cave, statues and more differentiation, west wall of the Ministry, there are surviving part of the east side of the square Buddha statues column. Fifteenth Cave, carved with a thousand small Buddha statue, known as poke holes. XVI Cave, Cave 16 to 20, the Yungang Grottoes is the earliest opening chisel five caves, known as "Tan Yao five cave." Sixteen Cave flat oval. Like the middle of the main Buddha image, 13.5 meters high, stand lotus pedestal, carved terra peripheral wall and shrines. Seventeenth Cave, like Lord Buddha III, the middle of cross-seated Maitreya, 15.6 meters high. East and West walls each carved niches, East is seated, West statue. Out the window on the eastern side of the Northern Wei Dynasty thirteen years (AD 489 years) shrines, after being carved up. Eighteenth Cave, positive neutrality as high as 15 meters, right arm bare, wearing robes terra, depicts delicate, vivid and moving. Nineteenth Cave, the main such as III, Cave of the Buddha statue, 16.8 meters high, is the second largest in the Yungang Grottoes like. Something outside the cave carved two pierced ears, each carved an 8-meter statue. Article Cave, Cave band around the front has collapsed before the Liao Dynasty, statues completely open air. Three stand like Buddha, a Buddha statue in the middle, 13.7 meters high, which statues plump face, shoulders generous, handsome and majestic, vigorous spirit, as the Yungang Grottoes sculpture masterpiece. Yungang fifth, sixth Yungang Grottoes Cave in the middle group, the former Emperor Xiaowen moved to Los approximately 465 - 494 drilled a double cave. Temple has Shunzhi eight years (1651) built five four wooden pavilion, red pillar bar, glazed tile roof, is quite spectacular. Fifth Cave Caolu oval opening for the form of the front and rear chambers. After the room north wall deity is seated Buddha, 17 meters high, is the largest Buddha of Yungang, outside by the Tang Dynasty clay reload. Cave full of statues carved shrines. There are two caves on the west side carved Buddha sitting under the Bodhi tree, the top of the relief flying, graceful lines. 6 Cave plane nearly square, the center is a two-story square tower connected to Kuding, about 14 meters high Buddha carved on the tower square, square top each with a small nine-story tower eaves, like back in the pack . Cave walls full of carved Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Rohan, flying and other statues. Kuding have thirty-three heavens and all kinds of rides, confusing. In the lower part of the tower surrounded by three sides and ESW wall inscribed with 33 to describe the birth of Sakyamuni Buddha Stories from relief into the channel, the content coherent, delicate composition. This cave grand scale, richly carved, rich in content, refining techniques, Yungang Grottoes is a representative of a cave, but also the mid Sculpture pooled Parade. Yungang seventh, eighth cave in the middle of Yungang Grottoes, is a _set_ of double cave, is the second phase of the Yungang Grottoes caves dug earlier. Seven caves before the existing wooden architecture is Shunzhi eight years (1651) to build. Seven or eight caves are rectangular plane, the layout of the cave and down hierarchical, so segmented. After seven central North Cave room wall layer canopy niches, carved a cross-foot Maitreya Bodhisattva, sitting on a lion seat, so prepare a sitting Buddha lean side for two Bodhisattvas. Content is still Buddhas and statues appeared combination. Under niches of Buddha, seated Buddhas Dubbo two. Kuding phase at the wall and a row of carved Kabuki portrait, armed with musical instruments. Things symmetrical cut walls, carved phase at the top of the wall and a row of terra. There are four tiers carved under eight different shrines. South wall chisel has a one window left and right sides of each carved four shrines. There are six doors between the dependent and the Kabuki-day portraits. Carving out the window and meditation Buddha monks. Engraving on the inside arches force, law enforcement kings and flying. Flat top part of the frame carved chess, for the group Lian, Zhou eagle flying, the whole Kuding decorated flowers. The seventh and eighth Cave Cave group than with the previous, there have been many changes in the shape, content, statues composition, subject matter, etc., which reflects the torrent of Northern social change. Tan Yao Five Cave now numbering 16 - 20 Cave, is chaired by the monk Tan Yao, the first phase of cave dwellings dug, is also one of the most compelling part of the Yungang Grottoes. According to the "old Wei • release" contains: "early peace ...... Tan Yao Bai Di, Cypriot state in the capital Seibu, chisel mountain walls, open cave five, each one engraved built Buddha, who seventy feet high, sixty times feet, carving Kiwi, I crown on. "Tao Wu, Ming Yuan, Tai Wu, Jing Mu, Wencheng Five Emperors as a model, carving five big image. The five caves scale, magnificent spirit. The common feature is the shape of the outer wall full of carved terra, have largely mimic Caolu oval form, without the room. Buddha statues are mainly III (past, future, now), Lord Buddha body tall, representing the position of the main cave. Cave 16 deity Buddha statue 13.5 meters high, and with handsome, handsome. Seated cross-foot Maitreya Buddha Cave 17 is mounted in the middle, and 15.6 meters high, a small cave like a big, aggressive. Section 18 terra Cave deity is wearing robes Buddha statue, 15.5 meters high, magnificent; Dongbi upper disciples statues strange shapes, skillful. 19 Cave deity is seated Buddha, 16.8 meters high, is the second largest Yungang statues. Cave 20 is uncovered statues of Buddha statue in the middle, 13.75 meters high, is representative of Yungang Grottoes, are semi-circular surface, deep head high nose, thin lips and big eyes. Large lobe shoulder, shoulders Qi Ting, shape majestic, imposing and vigorous. Yungang five Chinese central hole in the Yungang Grottoes 9 - 13 Cave. Please remember these five facilities due to mud cave painting named. 9,10 Cave is a cave before and after the two-room structure, built in the Northern Wei Wo eight (484), completion Wo ten years, Liao was in this build ChongFuSi. Two caves near the square plane. Before _set_ting out the south wall of hewn octagonal columns, walls Ministry thing three shrines carved out of wood construction of the visit, more than a wall full of carved statues, flying. After room cave carved out the window on the door, the north wall of Lord Buddha is Sakyamuni Buddha. Lord Maitreya like Cave 10. Inner and outer sides of the chamber door has carved arch design patterns, structured, full of change. Section 11 - 13 Cave is a group, with around 12 Cave Cave Cave-centric. Cave 11 cubic tower, tower surrounded by open niches statues down, except for the southern shrine of Maitreya, the Buddha statues are. Dongbi upper part of the Northern Wei Dynasty seven (483) statues inscription is an important Research Yungang dug history. Cave Northeast Wo two years (496) Chilbulbong Ming niches and statues. Cave's wife and a former 12th things were carved out of the walls of the Ministry of the three wood-framed building houses shaped shrines, in the forefront of two columns, wide open three, Kuding carved Kuregaku days, handheld pan, lute, flute, drums and other musical instruments waist , is the study of the history of music important information. Cave 13 is a cross section deity foot Maitreya Buddha, about 13 meters high, carved Yili Woodstock carry under his right arm, both produced a mechanical effect, and both decorative effect. Chilbulbong statue south wall of the lower layer and the support Dongbi Heaven, Cave are fine. Dongbi shrines of different shapes. Five Chinese cave carving beautiful, colorful, is the study of the Northern Wei history, art, music, dance, calligraphy and architecture of valuable information for the Yungang Grottoes important part. Yungang Grottoes eastern group, referring to the eastern end of the Yungang Grottoes 1 - 4 are tower hole. A group of first and second cave open to the same period, cutting in front moved to Los Xiaowen, carving cave central square tower, surrounded by open niches statues. The first cave like Lord Maitreya, Buddha carved outanane face many treasures like the lower, upper carved Buddha images. Reliefs five small tower, is the study of the Northern Wei Dynasty architectural image data. The second cave is like Buddha, carved Buddha outanane lower surface like Dubbo, upper carved Buddhas. Two sides of the south wall of Cave Cave doors are carved with Korimaro, Monju. Yungang Grottoes Cave is the third largest cave, about 25 meters high before the standing walls, Chuan Tan Yao scriptures floor. Cave front and back chambers. Front left and right upper chambers carved a tower, the carved square Kushi, like Lord Maitreya, wall full of carved terra. South sides of the chamber carved face rounded, muscled, smooth grain farmers a three Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Seated height of about 10 meters, two 6.2 m high Buddha statue. From the point of view of style and sculptures, is likely to work when the Tang Dynasty. Fourth Cave weathered severe erosion, above the south wall of the cave door between Northern Weizheng Guang bear in mind, is the latest of the existing Yungang Grottoes in mind. Western Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes The first group includes the Western Cave 21-45, as well as some small unnumbered small cave shrine. Mostly belonging to eighteen years of Northern Wei Dynasty (494) after work. Its characteristics are not a group of multi-Cave, small caves and more and more as a complement carved small niches. Statues, mostly clear with thin bone, the lower drapery folds overlap gentle demeanor beautiful, elegant flying caisson in joy, with a strong Chinese style, with the "Dragon" The engraving is very close. The first of the north wall of Cave 38 "blocks down the god of music," relief, the image data is to study the Northern miscellaneous Kabuki. 39 Cave center five tower, the tower on each side for five or six columns, brackets supporting the eaves on the stigma, Libra, each room is smaller than the width height are lower, athletic Juanxiu, is the study of the early building towers important information. 40th overall layout Cave clever use of decorative arts, so cave format, composition both laws, there are changes to improve the grotto art style.
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Yungang Studies
Wei Li Tao Yuan, a famous geographer in the "Waterways", the record of the year King Zhuang Yungang Grottoes: "stone quarry mountains, because of the rock structure, giant strong real capacity, the World Water Act Greek Church Hill Hall. Smoke Temple sea, Lin Yuan Jin mirror, decorated head of the Vision. " From the 1960s to now, the state of conservation report on the heritage of more than 40 articles, including: (1) "Yungang Grottoes engineering geological problems" (1960) Beijing University of Geosciences, Wang Chun, Shen Xiao Yu Summary: The Yungang Grottoes engineering geology extensive investigations and caves weathering conditions and the type and distribution of weathering are described, the reasons put forward weathering formation. (2) "Yungang Grottoes three maintenance Summary Report" (1976), Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province repair project leading group Summary: This report is based on 1974-1976 "emergency reinforcement, remove dangers, maintaining the status quo and protect heritage" principle on the main cave grotto fractured reinforcement and some residual chemical engraving go off Ann situ, in combination with other means of engineering Detailed description of the grotto strengthening works. The works on caves stability and seepage control plays a very important role. (3) "Yungang Grottoes weathered sandstone carving question" (1984), Huangke Zhong Summary: From the geological point of view discusses the Yungang Grottoes weathered stone weathering conditions and types and causes proposed governance ideas. (4) "Yungang Grottoes weathered micro-sounding test" (1989), Huangke Zhong Zhong Shihang Abstract: The application of micro-sounder depth Yungang Grottoes weathered stone part was tested according to the test data analysis, Yungang Grottoes weathered stone in 0.2-2cm depth is generally between the most up to 7cm. (5) "Environmental Pollution on Yungang Grottoes" (1988), Yuan Jing Hu Ting-fan solution Summary: Based on the environmental test data, analysis of environmental pollution, environmental pollution and the proposed mechanism of caves, grottoes proved weathered environmental pollution has played a catalytic role and promotion. (6) "Datong Yungang Grottoes Environmental Monitoring Report" (1989), Datong Environmental Protection Agency Summary: Through the caves environment monitoring, analysis of the current situation of environmental pollution grotto, and environmental quality were evaluated, while pollution control measures proposed. (7) "Datong Yungang Grottoes Engineering Geological Survey Report" (1990), Shanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Company Third Comprehensive Survey Summary: The Yungang Grottoes regional geology, geomorphology, lithology and structural geology and hydrology projects conducted survey, presented the proposed measures Yungang Grottoes top seepage. (8) "Impact of environmental conditions change on the Yungang Grottoes" (1990), Yuan Jing Hu 黄继忠 Summary: Through the analysis of meteorological data, obtained grotto area variation of temperature and humidity and precipitation concentration, evaporation of precipitation in conclusion, discusses the mechanism of change on climate caves conditions. (9) "China Yungang Grottoes Temple dust deposition Control" (1994), the California Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering American Glen R. Cass Summary: Based on the analysis of the data collected dust deposition, proposed a "cave into the air to be exchanged through the filter" and "additional windows Dust Network" deposition of dust control methods. (10) "Sino-US cooperation in the protection of the Yungang Grottoes Summary Report" (1994), the U.S. Getty Conservation Institute, the Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Institute of Cultural Relics Summary: For the period 1989-1994, China-US cooperation to protect the Yungang Grottoes were technical summary of the project, a detailed account of the seepage drain test, 19 Cave Cave eaves design issues, weather monitoring environmental analysis, pigment and the conclusion and implementation of management training and other projects grotto. (11) "stone dust impact on the Yungang Grottoes" (1996), Huang Jizhong Summary: Through the indoor simulation experiments on the effects of dust on the stone were studied, the results showed that: the impact of dust on both the physical aspects of the caves, but also chemistry, physical weathering and chemical weathering coexist, their role in promoting alternate stone weathering. (12) "Yungang Grottoes" August "Service Protection Project Summary Report" (1997), Yungang Grottoes "August" Repair Protection Project Leading Group The main reason for the Yungang Grottoes before "August" maintenance protection project implementation, construction technology and the completion of a detailed description, including the "lower ground before the Yungang Grottoes Cave Project Report," "Yungang Grottoes Cave: Executive Summary Excavation Report "," Yungang Grottoes VII, VIII Cave Cave wooden structure built eaves project summary report "," summary report reinforced the Yungang Grottoes Cave "," top Yungang Grottoes seepage and drainage test engineering reports, "" Yungang Top grotto built protective walls engineering reports "and seven reports.
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Scenic Information
Best time to travel: Shanxi Province, due to the higher terrain, there are mountains blocking the southeast sea air, is more close to the North China Plain low temperatures, less precipitation, larger temperature difference between day and night, especially in the spring sandstorm great. So the best tourist season from May to October in the Yungang Grottoes. Ticket prices: Ticketing Information: First, the ticket charges [(2001) Document No. 136 Jin price fee charges based on the word (2003) No. 87 Jin price fee words] 1 Admission RMB 60 yuan each; 2 children under 1.4 meters free of charge; 3 retired cadres with retired card free of charge; 4 servicemen with valid documents, free of charge; 5 people with disabilities with disability certificate free of charge; 6 aged 65 years old with a valid document (inclusive) or more half-price ticket, 70 years old (inclusive) above free of charge; 7 Students with valid documents half-price ticket. Second, based on the same price guide service fee word (2005) Paper No. 46, 80 yuan per batch. Opening Hours Summer: April 15 -10 May 27 8:30-17:20 ● Winter: October 28 - April 14 8:30-17:00 ● holidays appropriate to extend the opening hours of the actual situation
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Nearby Attractions
Hengshan, ISKCON Temple, Shanhua Temple, Monastery, Kwun Tong, Pingxingguan Museum, the Museum of Datong, Datong Coal Mine Gallery, Lingqiu Peach Hill, Nine Dragon Wall, shahukou so on.
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Traffic Guide
Getting There Datong outside the West there are buses and coaches can take to go. Datong train station take 4 (1 yuan, 30 minutes, after West Road - North Street - Big West, a taxi may be around 8 yuan) to the city bus station in the west of the newly opened three-way (1.5, 30 minutes) Direct Yungang. You can sit in the train station D Swallow Hill Hongqi Grand Hotel next to the CMB, disembark, $ 5. Bus lanes are now 3-2 road from the train station to the Yungang Grottoes.
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Honors
January 2001, was named the National Tourism Administration national 4A level scenic areas (spots); In December 2001, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Committee "World Heritage List"; January 2002, was named the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Province "Top Ten Scenic civilization"; September 2002, was named the Central Spiritual Civilization Construction Committee, the Ministry of Construction, the National Tourism Administration "national demonstration civilized tourist area"; In December 2002, was named the Ministry of Personnel, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage "National Heritage System advanced collectives"; In February 2004, was named the 2002-2003 civilized scenic Shanxi Shanxi Spiritual Civilization Construction Committee; 2005 was awarded the safe production of advanced work units Datong government; March 2006, the Yungang Grottoes Research Institute of Shanxi Province Personnel Bureau, Shanxi Archives as "fifteen" during the province's archives collective work of art; In May 2006, was named China News Agency evaluation center "China's top ten most popular scenic spots"; In June 2006, was awarded the Shanxi Provincial People's Government "Shanxi heritage model unit"; In August 2006, was the CPC Municipal Committee Datong, Datong City People's Government as "municipal civilized unit"; September 2006, was the first Chinese tourist destination branding summit as "China's most attractive place"; In October 2006, was named "2006 China's most desirable place" China Tourism Television Association; 2006, Datong Yungang Grottoes labor competition committee fire safety in mind, "collective merit"; January 2007, was named the Pacific Asia Travel Association and a number of units, "China scenic charm"; In April 2007, was named the National Organizing Committee for Ethnic Cultural Tourism Ten brand "National Ethnic Cultural Tourism Top Ten Brands 2006 top 50"; May 8, 2007, was named the national tourism scenic quality rating committee the first "national 5A-class tourist attractions"; June 11, 2007, was named the first "Ten Datong City Card" Datong Municipal Propaganda Department, Datong newspaper and many other units; November 2007, was awarded "China's outstanding tourist attractions," China Tourism Forum Organizing Committee.
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Yungang Shiku Yungang Grottoes Buddhist cave temples in northern China. 16 km west of Datong in Shanxi Province, Wu Shan State (state, one for the week, also known as the Wu State plugs) in the south, the north shore of Wu Chuan state. Mountain caves dug, something more than about 1 km stretch, the existing 53 major caves, more than 1,100 small niches, statues footer 5.1 million, divided into eastern, central and western zone 3. Multiple large cave built at the beginning of peace between North Weiwen Cheng Di (460) to Emperor Xiaowen Wo eighteen years (494) in smaller niches dug it has been extended to Xiao Ming Di Masamitsu end (524). Tang, Liao II, only a few statues of carving and repair, Liao also has 10 Temple. In modern times, the Yungang Grottoes gradual annihilation no smell. Early 20th century, after the railway Pingsui through, again attracted worldwide attention. Chinese scholar Chen Yuan, by Ye et al, Zhu Wen has been reported. Before the establishment of the People's Republic, the Yungang Grottoes theft robbery and destruction of statues, more than 1400 hindquarters. During the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese made a long time in the Yungang survey and mapping. Since 1949, large-scale repairs to the grotto, and explore the ruins of the former cave and cave sediment was Yanmai. Yungang Grottoes in northern China as China Central dug earlier in the Northern Wei Dynasty as the main cave grotto, has given a great influence over the grotto. It is with the Dunhuang Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes and Northern China as the representative of a large grotto, in 1961 the State Council promulgated a national key cultural relics protection units. Yungang Grottoes distribution Creating Grottoes Yungang Grottoes excavated in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. It's creation, the main text of the early years of Confederation peace and Larix years (453) two said. Hing Road Emperor days since the first year (398) to Emperor Xiaowen Wo eighteen years, Ping Cheng (now Datong) as the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty in recent centuries. Wu states are filled when the old cedi music (now Inner Mongolia, and Lingle Northwest) and exchanges between the hub of the capital pyongsong, evident Emperor began, where they pray for the Northern Royal Bank fortunate land. Yungang Grottoes in this cut, became the capital of the nearby Buddhist resort. Northern Buddhism mainly from northern cold. Too Emperor too extended five years (439) off the northern cold, moved liangzhou 3,000 monks and clan Limin 30,000 in pyongsong, causing as "Wei Buddhist and Taoist Chi" is written: "Salmonella are all Buddhist East, Mi like to teach additional "situation. Yungang Grottoes cut basic force should be artisans from northern cold. Northern Buddhism flourished, with the then situation in the class struggle, became emperor to raise the political status of royal authority and maintenance tools. Unidroit Fruit Road Dynasty, the emperor took the lead in worship, claiming that today Tathagata emperor, but the emperor worship Buddha. Emperor Wencheng Larix first year, making the stone so as Emperor body. Sanicon first year (454) and at five Odera is below 5 Dynasty Emperor (Tao Wu, Ming Yuan, Tai Wu, Jing Mu Wen Cheng) cast Buddha statue 5. This is Northern Buddhism spread, Buddhist statues attention is an important reason. Between Buddhism and Taoism in China, in the Northern Wei had a fierce struggle. Too Emperor Pacific zhenjun seven (446), issued an edict burned statues and Buddhist scriptures, abusing Salmonella. The waste Buddha incident became indirectly contributed to the Yungang Grottoes cut opportunity. Contains the history of the first year of Emperor Wencheng Larix throne, ordered the restoration of Buddhism. Next year, Zhao Liang Zhou monk Tan Yao to pyongsong. Peace early, either as Salmonella Tan Yao system, Bong division ceremony. Chaired by Tan Yao, Cypriot state in the capital Seibu open cave 5, engrave each one built statues, carved Kiwi, I crown on. This is the famous Tan Yao five Cave (Cave 16 to 20). Yungang Grottoes divided into three Northern Wei Dynasty. Tang, Liao also been carved into the period. That is located in the first phase of the Northern Wei Tan Yao Five Caves Yungang Grottoes Cave middle. Cave is a horseshoe-shaped plane, dome top, fake Indian Caolu style. Lord Buddha III mainly like to, as well as cross-foot Buddha and Maitreya Buddha, carved terra wall. Lord Buddha body tall, occupy the main position of the cave. Buddha face radius, shoulders Qi Ting, deep head high nose. □ monk inside the upper branch, or pass outside the right shoulder bare shoulder coat. Buddha bare upper body or diagonally draped contact axillary, wearing a high crown, Xiongpei collar, short necklace, armlet worn under a skirt big gut. Flying Buddha dress and the same great skirt dew foot. Raised heavy drapery, clean lines. From the statues features, you can see some of the effects of Gandhara art. This cave can be divided into two groups of five: ① 18 ~ 20 Cave as a group, first cut, like Lord Buddha are installed Buddhas, 19 Cave Cave is the center of this group, the Lord as high as 16.8 meters, which is about two Buddha points at two pierced ears. Cave 20 primary as 13.7 meters high, after the collapse of the front wall early, outdoor statues, representative for the Yungang Grottoes (see pictures Shanxi Datong Yungang Grottoes Cave 20 dew sitting Buddha (Northern)). ② 16,17 two cave to another group. Cave 17 is also a master like Buddha III, the center is cross-foot Maitreya Buddha. Lord Buddha Cave 16 such legislation
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Related Phrases
composition
a literary form,sentimental or descriptive composition,often rhymed