Chinese name: Coccinella septempunctata
Latin name: coccinella septempunctata linnaeus
Class: Insecta
Head: Coleoptera
Section: Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Subfamily
Functional categories: predators
Host insects: aphids, aphids, bean aphid, vegetables constriction aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, sorghum aphid
Host damage crops: cotton, wheat, cowpea, cabbage, corn, sorghum
Characteristics:
Male: The sixth abdominal postganglionic margin _truncate_d, the central depression with horizontal hole, a platoon leader on the edge of hair.
Eggs: length 1.26 mm; width 0.60 mm. Orange bags, long oval, pointed at both ends more. Erected in the cotton surface of leaf piles. Usually 20 eggs each a 40, up to 80.
Larvae: 4 Age. The age of the main features:
One Age: 2-3 mm in length. Body all black. From the eighth thoracic to abdominal sections, each of 6 hair warts.
Second Age: 4 mm in length. All Black head and foot and body dark gray. Posterior angle of yellow around the chest. Side of the abdomen and the back of each section of birth six spines warts, first segment is about 2 sting the back of yellow warts, spines black. Spines on the back of the fourth abdominal segment yellow spots no significant warts. The rest of the black thorn warts.
Third instar: length 7 mm. Gray-black body. Head, feet, chest, back and abdominal end of the hip plate black. Pronotum anterior horn and posterior horn with yellow spots. Section left and right side abdominal stab stab warts and warts under the orange side, spines black bag. Section 2 dorsal spines warts microstrip yellow, the other thorn warts black.
Fourth Age: about 11 mm in length. Gray-black body. Pronotum anterior horn and posterior horn have orange spots. Section I and IV of the left and right side of abdominal stab stab warts and warts are orange under-side spots. The remaining gill warts black.
Pupae: body length 7 mm, width of 5 mm. Body yellow. Pronotum front with 4 black spots, the central two triangular central posterior margin of pronotum with 2 black spots, there are two spots on both sides of corner. In the mesonotum with 2 spots. Section 2-6 around the back of the abdomen with 4 spots. The end of last instar larvae abdomen black with a molt.
Commonly known as Hua Dajie.
Distributed in northeast China, north, central, northwest, east and southwest and some other provinces; also recorded in Mongolia, Korea, Japan, the former Soviet Union, India and Europe.
Adult body length 5.2-6.5 mm, width 4-5.6 mm. Ovoid body, back arched, was like half a bailer. Head black, compound eyes black, yellow inside indentation have a point. Antennae brown. Mouthparts black. On the additional side is yellow. Pronotum black, the former have a larger top corner past a square yellow ground. Scutellum black. Elytra red or orange, a total of seven spots on both sides; wing base in the scutellum on each side of a triangle Geotrichum. Abdominal and foot black body.
Occurred in multiple generations. To adults over the winter, the following year 4 moonrise hibernation. Eggs in a host aphids on plants. Adults and larvae are a variety of aphids, fleas, etc. for food. Department of beneficial insects and should be protected.
Coccinella is a famous natural enemies of pests, the adult can prey aphids, Aphis gossypii, Huai aphid, green peach aphid, scale insects, ticks and other pests, can significantly reduce the trees, fruits and a variety of crops suffer pest damage, been referred to as "living pesticides."
Coccinella septempunctata Coleoptera Coccinellidae is a predatory insect, widely distributed in all over the country. 70 20th century, the Yellow River has started to move with the help of controlling cotton and wheat aphid, 90 years of artificial breeding and production. Coccinella septempunctata Coleoptera there are seven black spots on the name. Several generations occur each year varies from region to region. For example, Anyang in Henan 6-8 on behalf of each year. Northern cold regions, a smaller number of generations each year. Coccinella septempunctata, long life, an average of 77 days, to adults and larvae prey aphids, spider mites, whitefly, corn borer, Helicoverpa armigera larvae and eggs, etc.. Coccinella septempunctata a female can lay 567-4475 tablets, 78.4 eggs per day, up to 197. Food consumption of Coccinella temperature and prey size and density. Feed on aphids, for example, in the low prey density, prey density increased with rising exponentially; in the higher density, the predator showed a level close to the limit. High temperature conditions, the impact of the activities of Coccinella septempunctata and the ability of prey, predation rates. According to statistics, on the tobacco aphid Coccinella average daily feeding amount: 1 age 10.7, age 33.7 2 3 age 60.5, age 4, 124.5, adult 130.8. Coccinella 80 days of life may be feeding thousands of aphids. Coccinella septempunctata toxicity to human, animal and animal predators nontoxic, no residue, does not pollute the environment.
Coccinella is fairly well distributed in China, the distribution areas of Beijing, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan , Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and other places, common in farmland, forests, gardens, orchards, etc..
Coccinella is a famous natural enemies of pests, the adult can prey aphids, Aphis gossypii, Huai aphid, green peach aphid, scale insects, ticks and other pests, can significantly reduce the trees, fruits and a variety of crops suffer pest damage, been referred to as "living pesticides."
Coccinella septempunctata have a stronger self-defense capability, although the body is only so much soy, but many powerful enemies are helpless to it. It is 3 on the small joints of the foot, there is a "chemical weapon", when faced with the invasion of predators, it's the foot joints can secrete an extremely smelly yellow liquid, so that the enemy can not stand the panic retreat or escape. It also has a play dead ability, when faced with enemies and danger, it immediately fell to ground from the trees, the three pairs of small feet under the contraction in the stomach, lie down and play dead, hide from the enemy and survive.
There is also a wonderful ladybug habits between: clear boundaries between beneficial insects and pests, without disturbing each other, and do not intermarry, maintained their traditional practices, so no matter how many generations passed down, will not have a "hybrid", it will not change their traditional habits.
Wild caught
Overwintering Coccinella septempunctata not eat does not move, just to find, capture is very convenient, can be caught by hand. Coccinella other good climbing season can fly, can take advantage of its suspended animation behavior, habitat use of plastic bags quickly caught the branches of Coccinella septempunctata, jitter about, drop in the pocket Coccinella immediately, and then to branch out , truss pocket to connect back to the laboratory.
Captivity
Coccinella septempunctata in captivity, we must first solve the feed problem. Collected in the field of natural feed can go to - aphids, but this method costs more than work, and sometimes not easy to adopt. Therefore, a large number of aphids by artificial means, to meet the consumption of Coccinella septempunctata. Broad bean seedlings used artificial culture aphids. When the sub-bean seedlings planted grow 3-4 cm high, the wild-collected on a small number of aphids on the bean sprouts at room temperature 20-30 ℃, relative humidity 60% -70%, 10-15 days under the conditions of culture, aphids will be able to multiply, then you can use the aphids feed for Coccinella septempunctata.
Coccinella septempunctata on the glass, the bottom cushion with a toilet paper, paper put a small cotton ball Sheng wet medicine bottle to keep humidity in the bottle, the bottle covered with gauze and fasten with a rubber band. Coccinella septempunctata bottle into the 1-2 pair, vote once a day diet, they can live a normal life, and can reproduce.
Coccinella life to go through egg, larva, pupa and adult four different developmental stages. Adults of Coccinella septempunctata in captivity, indoor temperature should be controlled at 20-25 ℃, relative temperature 70% -80% and the adult spawning requirements of higher temperature can be kept at 25 ℃. However, feeding the larvae with an average temperature of 20 ℃ or so as well.
Field release
Coccinella blooms, you can put the field to help eliminate aphids and scale insects in humans. If a large number of cotton aphids harm, then you can put into the cotton fields in Coccinella loose, it can eat aphids.
Distribution when walking in the cotton fields put Coccinella septempunctata, put a few steps away, for the sake of uniformity dissipate into the atmosphere.
Dissipate into the atmosphere a master of time to dissipate into the atmosphere when the evening is appropriate. Because the evening low temperatures, low light, weak Coccinella activities, easy migration.
2 adults and larvae by mix. Because there is no migration capacity of the larvae, will not escape, but it also has the ability to eat aphids.
3 to stop feeding the day before distribution, further dissipate into the atmosphere, can reduce the migratory activity of Coccinella septempunctata.
4, two days after dissipate into the atmosphere, not to cultivators and other field management, so as not to escape Coccinella frightened to move.
Interesting experiment
1 to catch a Coccinella septempunctata, gently pinch fingers, fingers stained with a drop of yellow water soon, which is its blood, smell the odor smelled. Coccinella encounter the enemy invasion, when, immediately secrete this unpleasant yellow water, smell and intimidating the enemy, panic to escape.
There are disguised skills Coccinella 2, when it was dangerous case when a strong enemy, and immediately falling on the ground from a tree, put it to fine enough to shrink the three together, like "unconscious," still, lie down and play dead, hide the truth over the enemy. Coccinella septempunctata habits under suspended animation, animals and plants you suddenly shake the branches, the ground often pretended to be dead in Coccinella septempunctata. This way you can find in the wild, Coccinella septempunctata.
3 pupa shell drilled just Coccinella septempunctata, stay motionless pupa shell. At this time, you can do an interesting experiment: use your finger to push it suddenly fell off, frighten, after more than a day, gradually harden Coccinella elytra, but the seven spots still can not appear as a "spotless "The Coccinella septempunctata. |
