fú lán xī sī péi gēn
fú lán xī sī péi gēn（ 1561 héng héng 1626） shì yī wèi yīng guó wén yì fù xīng de dài biǎo rén wù， tā shì jié chū de zhé xué jiā， kē xué jiā jí sǎnwén jiā。 tā tōng guò chí zhī yǐ héng dì yòng kē xué fāng fǎ sī kǎo jí yǐ kào guān chá 'ér fēi quán wēi xué shuō huò qǔ zhī shí de tài dù chéng wéi xiàn dài kē xué de diàn jī rén。 tā de《 péi gēn sǎnwén jí》 shì yīng guó wén xué zhōng zhè yī liú pài de diǎn fàn， bìng bèi yù wéi yīng yǔ sǎnwén fā zhǎn de zhòng yào lǐ chéng bēi。 tā suǒ yùn yòng de yī xiē xīn xiān cí huì hái jìn rù liǎo yīng guó wén xué chuán tǒng。 << lùn xué wèn >>"OfStudies" zhù yào nèi róng：《 lùn xué wèn 》 <<OfStudies>> shì péi gēn sǎnwén jí 58 piān sǎnwén jí zhōng zuì zhù míng de yī piān。 wén zhāng fēn xī liǎo xué xí de zhù yào de mùdì， bù tóng rén cǎi qǔ bù yòng xué xí fāng fǎ jí xué xí shì rú hé duì rén de xìng qíng pǐn gé chǎn shēng qián yí mò huà de yǐng xiǎng。《 lùn xué wèn 》《 Ofstudies》 de yǔ yán yòu qì dù bìng pō yòu shuō fú lì， jié gòu jiǎn liàn 'ér jǐn còu， xiàng dú zhě jiē shì liǎo péi gēn duì xué xí de zì rán kè guān tài dù。
《 lùn xué wèn 》： "OfStudies"writenbyFrancisBacon
STUDIESservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgment,anddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebest,fromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning,bystudy;andstudiesthemselves,dogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks,elsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit:andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknow,thathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.Nay,thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies;likeasdiseasesofthebody,mayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman'switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheSchoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudy197thelawyers'cases.Soeverydefectofthemind,mayhaveaspecialreceipt.
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dú shū zú yǐ yí qíng， zú yǐ fù cǎi， zú yǐ cháng cái。 qí yí qíng yě， zuì jiàn yú dú chù yōu jū zhī shí； qí fù cǎi yě， zuì jiàn yú gāo tán kuò lùn zhī zhōng； qí cháng cái yě， zuì jiàn yú chǔshì pàn shì zhī jì。
liàn dá zhī shì suī néng fēn bié chǔlǐ xì shì huò yī yī pàn bié zhī jié， rán zòng guān tǒng chóu， quán jú cèhuà， zé shè hàoxué shēn sī zhě mò shǔ。 dú shū fèi shí guò duō yì duò， wén cǎi zǎo shì tài shèng zé jiáo， quán píng tiáo wén duàn shì nǎi xué jiū gù tài。
dú shū bǔ tiān rán zhī bù zú， jīng yàn yòu bǔ dú shū zhī bù zú， gài tiān shēng cáigàn yóu rú zì rán huā cǎo， dú shū rán hòu zhī rú hé xiū jiǎn yí jiē， ér shū zhōng suǒ shì， rú bù yǐ jīng yàn fàn zhī， zé yòu dà 'ér wú dāng。
yòu yī jì zhī cháng zhě bǐ dú shū， wú zhī zhě xiàn dú shū， wéi míng zhì zhī shì yòng dú shū， rán shū bìng bù yǐ yòng chù gào rén， yòng shū zhī zhì bù zài shū zhōng， ér zài shū wài， quán píng guān chá dé zhī。
dú shū shí bù kě cún xīn jié nán dú zhě， bù kě jìn xìn shū shàng suǒ yán， yì bù kě zhǐ wéi xún zhāng zhāi jù， ér yìng tuī qiāo xì sī。
shū yòu kě qiǎn cháng zhě， yòu kě tūn shí zhě， shǎo shù zé xū jǔjué xiāo huà。 huàn yán zhī， yòu zhǐ xū dú qí bù fēn zhě， yòu zhǐ xū dà tǐ shè liè zhě， shǎo shù zé xū quán dú， dú shí xū quán shén guàn zhù， zī zī bù juàn。 shū yì kě qǐng rén dài dú， qǔ qí suǒ zuò zhāi yào， dàn zhǐ xiàn tí cái jiào cì huò jià zhí bù gāo zhě， fǒu zé shū jīng tí liàn yóu rú shuǐ jīng zhēng liú， dàn 'ér wú wèi。
dú shū shǐ rén chōng shí， tǎo lùn shǐ rén jī zhì， bǐ jì shǐ rén zhǔn què。 yīn cǐ bù cháng zuò bǐ jì zhě xū jì yì lì tè qiáng， bù cháng tǎo lùn zhě xū tiān shēng cōng yíng， bù cháng dú shū zhě xū qī shì yòu shù， shǐ néng wú zhī 'ér xiǎn yòu zhī。
dú shǐ shǐ rén míng zhì， dú shī shǐ rén líng xiù， shù xué shǐ rén zhōu mì， kē xué shǐ rén shēn kè， lún lǐ xué shǐ rén zhuāng zhòng， luó ji xiū cí zhī xué shǐ rén shàn biàn； fán yòu suǒ xué， jiē chéng xìng gé。
rén zhī cái zhì dàn yòu zhì 'ài， wú bù kě dú shìdàng zhī shū shǐ zhī shùn chàng， yī rú shēn tǐ bǎi bìng， jiē kě jiè xiāng yí zhī yùn dòng chú zhī。 gǔn qiú lì gāo shèn， shè jiàn lì xiōng fèi， màn bù lì cháng wèi， qí shù lì tóu nǎo， zhū rú cǐ lèi。 rú zhì lì bù jí zhōng， kě lìng dú shù xué， gài yǎn tí xū quán shén guàn zhù， shāo yòu fēn sàn jí xū chóngyǎn； rú bù néng biàn yì， kě lìng dú jīng yuàn zhé xué， gài shì bèi jiē chuī máo qiú cī zhī rén； rú bù shàn qiú tóng， bù shàn yǐ yī wù chǎn zhèng lìng yī wù， kě lìng dú lǜ shī zhī 'àn juàn。 rú cǐ tóu nǎo zhōng fán yòu quē xiàn， jiē yòu tè xiào kě yī。 -- wáng zuǒ liáng yì |