shì jiè lì shǐ : bǎi kē shū míng : yǐng shì : gēqǔ > dú lì xuān yán
mùlù
No. 1
　　yīng shǔ běi měi shí sān gè zhí mín dì rén mín fǎn duì yīng guó zhí mín tǒng zhì， xuān bù dú lì de gāng lǐng xìng wén jiàn。 yóu jié fú xùn děng qǐ cǎo。 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì zài dà lù huì yì shàng tōng guò。 xuān gào jiě chú tóng yīng wáng de yī qiē lì shǔ guān xì， zǔ chéng dú lì de měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó。 yǐ hòu， 7 yuè 4 rì chéng wéi měi guó guó qìng rì。
jiǎn jiè
　　měi guó《 dú lì xuān yán 》（ TheDeclarationofIndependence）
　　 dú lì xuān yán shì yī fèn yú yóu tuō mǎ sī · jié fěi xùn (1743 － 1826) qǐ cǎo， bìng yóu qí tā 13 gè zhí mín dì dài biǎo qiān shǔ de zuì chū shēng míng běi měi shí sān gè zhí mín dì bǎi tuō yīng guó de zhí mín tǒng zhì de wén jiàn。
　　1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì， dà lù huì yì tōng guò liǎo《 dú lì xuān yán 》。
　　 zài zhěng gè 18 shì jì 60 nián dài hé 18 shì jì 70 nián dài zhī jiān， yīng guó hé qí běi měi zhí mín dì zhī jiān de guān xì rì yì jǐn zhāng。 1775 nián， zài lāi kè xīng dùn hé kāng kē dé chéng bào fā liǎo zhàn zhēng， zhè biāo zhì zhe měi guó zhī gé mìng zhàn zhēng de kāi shǐ。 suī rán zuì chū de xiǎng fǎ bìng bù shì wán quán de dú lì， dàn shì tuō mǎ sī · pèi yīn de xiǎo cè zǐ《 cháng shí》 cù shǐ rén men xiāng xìn duì yú zhí mín dì lái shuō， wán quán de dú lì shì wéi yī kě néng de chū lù。
　　1776 nián 6 yuè 7 rì， zài dì 'èr jiè dà lù huì yì zhōng， fú jí ní yà zhōu de lǐ chá dé · hēng lì · lǐ tí chū yī gè yì 'àn， xuān chēng： “ wǒ men yǐ zhè xiē zhí mín dì de shàn liáng rén mín de míng yì hé quán lì， jǐn zhuāng yán dì xuān bù bìng zhāo gào： zhè xiē lián hé zhí mín dì cóng cǐ chéng wéi、 ér qiě míng zhèng yán shùn dì yīngdāng chéng wéi zì yóu dú lì de hé zhòng guó； tā men jiě chú duì yú yīng wáng de yī qiē lì shǔ guān xì， ér tā men yǔ dà bù liè diān wáng guó zhī jiān de yī qiē zhèng zhì lián xì yì yìng cóng cǐ wán quán fèi zhǐ。 ” 6 yuè 10 rì dà lù huì yì zhǐ dìng yī gè wěi yuán huì cǎo nǐ dú lì xuān yán 。 shí jì de qǐ cǎo gōng zuò yóu tuō mǎ sī ． jié fó xùn fù zé。 7 yuè 4 rì dú lì xuān yán huò dé tōng guò， bìng fēn sòng shí sān zhí mín dì de yì huì qiān shǔ jí pī zhǔn。 zhè shí sān gè zhí mín dì fēn bié shì： xīn hǎn bù shí 'ěr， mǎ sà zhū sài， luó dé dǎo， kāng niè dí gé， niǔ yuē， xīn zé xī， bīn xī fǎ ní yà， tè lā huá， mǎ lǐ lán， fú jí ní yà， běi kǎ luó lái nà， nán kǎ luó lái nà， zuǒ zhì yà。
　　 wěi yuán huì de chéng yuán yóu mǎ sà zhū sài de yuē hàn · yà dāng sī、 bīn xī fǎ ní yà de běn jié míng · fù lán kè lín、 fú jí ní yà de jié fěi xùn、 niǔ yuē de luó bó tè ·R· lì wén sī tōng hé kāng niè dí gé de luó jié · xiè 'ěr màn zǔ chéng， bìng bèi zǔ chéng yǐ qǐ cǎo hé shì de xuān yán。 jié fěi xùn qǐ cǎo liǎo hěn dà yī bù fēn。 zài xuān yán bèi dà lù huì yì cǎi nà yǐ qián， dà lù huì yì duì jié fěi xùn de cǎo gǎo zuò liǎo zhòng dà gǎi dòng， zài xíng shì fǎ tíng shàng bèi zhòng xiě， tè bié shì zài zuǒ zhì yà zhōu hé nán kǎ luó lái nà zhōu dài biǎo men de jiān chí xià， shān qù liǎo tā duì yīng wáng qiáo zhì sān shì yǔn xǔ zài zhí mín dì cún zài nú lì zhì hé nú lì mǎi mài de yòu lì qiǎn zé。 qí zhōng yī gè bèi yí chú de piān zhāng shè jí nú lì zhì dù
　　 jié fěi xùn céng xiě dào，《 dú lì xuān yán 》 shì“ xū qǐng shì jiè de cái pàn”。 zì 1776 nián yǐ lái，《 dú lì xuān yán 》 zhōng suǒ tǐ xiàn de yuán zé jiù yī zhí zài quán shì jiè wéi rén chuán sòng。 měi guó de gǎi gé jiā men， bù lùn shì chū yú shénme dòng jī， bù lùn shì wéi liǎo fèi chú nú lì zhì， jìn zhǐ zhǒng zú gé lí huò shì yào tí gāo fù nǚ de quán lì， dōuyào xiàng gōng zhòng tí dào“ rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng”。 bù lùn zài shénme dì fāng， dāng rén mín xiàng bù mín zhù de tǒng zhì zuò dǒu zhēng shí， tā men jiù yào yòng jié fěi xùn de huà lái zhēng biàn dào， zhèng fǔ de“ zhèng dāng quán lì shì jīng bèi zhì zhě tóng yì suǒ shòu yú de”。
　　 dú lì xuān yán bāo kuò sān gè bù fēn： dì yī bù fēn chǎn míng zhèng zhì zhé xué héng héng mín zhù yǔ zì yóu de zhé xué， nèi róng shēn kè dòng rén； dì 'èr bù fēn liè jǔ ruò gān jù tǐ de bù píng děng shì lì， yǐ zhèng míng qiáo zhì sān shì pò huài liǎo měi guó de zì yóu； dì sān bù fēn zhèng zhòng xuān bù dú lì， bìng xuān shì zhī chí gāi xiàng xuān yán。
shuō míng
　　１ ７７ ６ nián６ yuè７ rì， dà lù huì yì fú jí ní yà dài biǎo tí chū běi měi gè zhí mín dì tuō lí yīng guó de jué yì 'àn。 dà lù huì yì xuǎn chū tuō mǎ sī． jié fěi xùn、 yuē hàn． yà dāng sī hé běn jié míng . fù lán kè lín děng rén zǔ chéng de wěi yuán huì， qǐ cǎo měi guó de dú lì xuān yán 。
　　 jié fěi xùn qǐ cǎo liǎo《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de dì yī gǎo， fù lán kè lín děng rén yòu jìn xíng liǎo rùn sè。 dà lù huì yì duì cǐ gǎo yòu jìn xíng liǎo cháng shí jiān de、 jī liè de biàn lùn， zuì zhōng zuò chū liǎo zhòng dà de xiū gǎi。 tè bié shì zài zuǒ zhì yà hé kǎ luó lái nà dài biǎo men de jiān chí xià， shān qù liǎo jié fěi xùn duì yīng wáng qiáo zhì sān shì yǔn xǔ zài zhí mín dì bǎo chí nú lì zhì hé nú lì mǎi mài de yòu lì qiǎn zé。 zhè yī bù fēn de yuán wén shì zhè yàng de：
　　 tā de rén xìng běn shēn fā dòng liǎo cán kù de zhàn zhēng， qīn fàn liǎo yī gè cóng wèi mào fàn guò tā de yuǎn fāng mín zú de zuì shén shèng de shēng cún quán hé zì yóu quán； tā yòu piàn tā men， bìng bǎ tā men yùn wǎng lìng yī bàn qiú chōng dāng nú lì， huò shǐ tā men cǎn sǐ zài yùn sòng tú zhōng。
　　 měi guó de nú lì zhì dù zhí dào 80 duō nián yǐ hòu de nán běi zhàn zhēng shí qī cái dé dào jiě jué。 1862 nián 9 yuè 22 rì， lín kěn zǒng tǒng bān bù《 jiě fàng hēi rén nú lì xuān yán》， xuān bù nú lì huò dé zì yóu， dàn fàn wéi jǐn xiàn yú pàn luàn gè zhōu de nú lì， què bù bāo kuò wèi cānyù pàn luàn de jǐ gè xù nú zhōu de nú lì。 cóng fǎ lǜ shàng zhēn zhèng fèi chú nú lì zhì， shì zài zhàn zhēng jié shù hòu de 1865 nián nián dǐ。 ér duì yòu sè rén zhǒng de zhǒng zú qí shì， zhì jīn yóu cún。
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 rèn dìng de zhēn lǐ“ rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng” yǔ nú lì zhì de dé yǐ bǎo hù， zhè duì bǐ shì rú cǐ de qiáng liè。 rán 'ér， zhè jiù shì zhēn zhèng de lì shǐ。 dàn shì， zì 1776 nián yǐ lái，“ rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng” zuò wéi měi guó lì guó de jī běn yuán zé， zuò wéi rén men de xìn niàn hé lǐ xiǎng， jiù yī zhí zài quán shì jiè wéi rén chuán sòng。 měi guó zhèng yì de shè huì gǎi gé zhě men， zài gè gè shè huì de lì shǐ jiē duàn， wèile fèi chú nú lì zhì， wèile jìn zhǐ zhǒng zú gé lí， wèile fù nǚ jiě fàng， dū tí dào zhè yī lǐ xiǎng； ér rén mín zài fǎn duì bù mín zhù、 bù gōng zhèng de tǒng zhì shí， yědōu yǐ cǐ zuò wéi zuì yòu lì de sī xiǎng wǔ qì。
　　 tuō mǎ sī． jié fěi xùn (ThomasJefferson)（ 1743-1826）， shēng yú fú jí ní yà de yī gè fù yù jiā tíng。 céng jiù dú yú wēi lián - mǎ lì xué yuàn。 1767 nián chéng wéi lǜ shī， 1769 nián dāng xuǎn wéi fú jí ní yà xià yuàn yì yuàn。 tā jī jí tóu shēn yú dú lì yùn dòng zhī zhōng， bìng dài biǎo fú jí ní yà chū xí dà lù huì yì。 tā céng liǎng cì dāng xuǎn fú jí ní yà zhōu cháng。 1800 nián dāng xuǎn měi guó zǒng tǒng。
　　 jié fěi xùn zài wéi zì jǐ de mù bēi 'ér zuò de mù zhì míng zhōng zhè yàng xiě dào：
　　 zhè lǐ mái zàng zhe tuō mǎ sī． jié fěi xùn， měi guó《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de zhù cǎo rén， fú jí ní yà zōng jiào zì yóu fǎ guī de zhì dìng zhě hé fú jí ní yà dà xué zhī fù。
lì shǐ bèi jǐng
　　dì yī， zǎo zài dú lì qián de yī bǎi duō nián jiān， ōu zhōu qǐ méng sī xiǎng jiù kāi shǐ zài běi měi chuán bō， wéi《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de fā biǎo diàn dìng liǎo lǐ lùn jī chǔ；
　　 dì 'èr， zài 'ōu zhōu qǐ méng sī xiǎng de xūn táo xià， běi měi zhí mín dì yě chǎn shēng liǎo zì jǐ de qǐ méng sī xiǎng jiā， dài biǎo rén wù shì běn jié míng · fù lán kè lín（ 1706-1790） hé tuō mǎ sī · jié fěi xùn（ 1743-1826）， tā men fǎn duì nú lì zhì， zhù zhāng rén mín xiǎng yòu zì yóu、 píng děng de quán lì。
　　 dì sān，“ méi yòu dài biǎo quán， jiù bù dé zhēng shuì”（“ NoTaxationwithoutRepresentation”） shì dú lì zhàn zhēng qī jiān běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín hǎn chū de zuì wéi xiǎng liàng de kǒu hào。 zhè jù kǒu hào yuán běn shì yīng guó zhèng zhì de jī běn yuán zé， zài yīng guó guì zú yǔ wáng shì de dǒu zhēng zhōng shǐ yòng guò， dàn dú lì zhàn zhēng qī jiān bèi zhí mín zhě yòng lái hàn wèi zì jǐ de quán lì。
　　 yīng guó yì huì duì zhí mín dì bù duàn zhēng shuì， dàn zài yì huì zhōng què méi yòu zhí mín dì de dài biǎo。 yīng guó yì huì fēn bié bān bù《 táng shuì fǎ》（ 1764 nián）、《 yìn huā shuì fǎ》（ 1765 nián）、《 tānɡ sēn shuì fǎ》（ 1767 nián）， yǐn fā zhí mín rén mín de fǎn kàng。 yīng jūn duì zhí mín dì rén mín de kàng yì huó dòng xuè xīng zhèn yā， zào chéng hōng dòng yī shí de“ bō shì dùn cǎn 'àn”。 1773 nián， yīng guó yì huì bān bù《 chá shuì fǎ》， bō shì dùn shì mín yī nù zhī xià， bǎ jià zhí jìn 10 wàn yīng bàng de yīng guó chá yè dǎo rù chá 'ěr sī hé。 yīng guó yì huì dà nù， tōng guò yī xì liè bèi zhí mín dì shì wéi bù kě róng rěn de fǎ lìng。 yīng wáng duì běi měi rén mín fǎn kàng de xuè xīng zhèn yā， shǐ zhí mín dì rén mín yǔ yīng guó wáng shì hé jiě de huàn xiǎng chè dǐ pò miè，“ yào qiú dú lì” chéng wéi běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín de pǔ biàn hū shēng。
　　 dì sì， 1776 nián， pān 'ēn de《 cháng shí》 zài běi měi fā biǎo。 zài zhè běn bù dào 50 yè de xiǎo cè zǐ zhōng， pān 'ēn yǐ jiǎn liàn 'ér shēng dòng de yǔ yán zhǔn què dì huí dá liǎo běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín suǒ guān xīn de wèn tí， bìng cóng yī gè quán xīn de jiǎo dù zhǐ chū liǎo běi měi zhí mín dì dú lì de bì yào xìng。 pān 'ēn hūyù， zhí mín dì rén mín bì xū yǔ yīng guó yī dāo liǎng duàn， jiàn lì zì jǐ de gòng hé guó。 tā qiáng diào zhēn zhèng de quán lì bì xū 'ér qiě zhǐ yòu lái yuán yú rén mín。 pān 'ēn de sī xiǎng dài biǎo liǎo měi guó gé mìng zhōng jī jìn pài de zhù zhāng。 tā de lǐ lùn jī lì liǎo gèng duō de běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín， tè bié shì zhōng xià jiē céng de rén mín， jiān dìng dì tóu shēn yú dú lì zhàn zhēng。
mín zhù sī xiǎng
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de mín zhù sī xiǎng， zhù yào tǐ xiàn zài píng děng、 tiān fù rén quán、 zhù quán zài mín hé rén mín gé mìng quán lì zhè sì gè fāng miàn。
　　 dì yī， píng děng yǔ tiān fù rén quán（ naturalrights） sī xiǎng。“ tiān fù rén quán” yòu yì wéi“ zì rán quán lì”， qí jī běn jīng shén shì qiáng diào rén jù yòu yǔ shēng jù lái de quán lì， zhè xiē quán lì jué bù yīnggāi bèi bō duó。《 dú lì xuān yán 》 jì chéng bìng fā zhǎn liǎo luò kè de tiān fù rén quán xué shuō， rèn wéi rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng， zhè xiē quán lì shì dà zì rán suǒ fù yú de， bù kě bō duó， zhè xiē quán lì bāo kuò“ shēng mìng、 zì yóu hé zhuī qiú xìng fú de quán lì。”
　　 dì 'èr， zhù quán zài mín（ popularsovereignty） xué shuō。“ zhù quán zài mín” yòu yì wéi“ rén mín zhù quán” huò“ yī qiē quán lì shǔ yú rén mín”， shì“ tiān fù rén quán” zài lǐ lùn shàng de yán shēn， qí lǐ lùn yào diǎn shì： zhèng fǔ hé fǎ xìng de jī chǔ lái zì guǎng dà rén mín de tóng yì， rèn hé yī zhǒng xíng shì de zhèng fǔ rú guǒ biàn chéng sǔn hài rén mín lì yì yǐ bǎo zhàng zì jǐ quán lì de zhèng fǔ， rén mín jiù yòu quán gǎi biàn huò fèi chú tā， jiàn lì xīn de zhèng fǔ。《 dú lì xuān yán 》 tí chū， rén mín shì zhù quán zhě， zhèng fǔ de yī qiē quán lì lái zì rén mín， zhèng fǔ yìng fú cóng rén mín yì zhì， wèirénmín xìng fú hé bǎo zhàng rén mín quán lì 'ér cún zài。
　　 dì sān， rén mín gé mìng quán lì de lǐ lùn。《 dú lì xuān yán 》 yǐ tiān fù rén quán hé zhù quán zài mín lǐ lùn wéi jī chǔ， zhǐ chū： jì rán zhèng fǔ de quán lì lái zì rén mín， mù de shì bǎo zhàng rén mín de zì rán quán lì， rú guǒ yī dàn zhèng fǔ bù lǚ xíng zhí zé， qīn fàn rén mín de quán lì， rén mín jiù yòu quán qǐ lái gé mìng lái gǎi biàn huò tuī fān tā。
lì shǐ yì yì
　　shǒu xiān，《 dú lì xuān yán 》 shì yī gè wěi dà de zhèng zhì wén jiàn。《 dú lì xuān yán 》 suī rán shì běi měi zhí mín dì shàng céng tǎo lùn de jiēguǒ， dàn què dài biǎo liǎo guǎng dà zhí mín dì rén mín de xīn shēng。 tā zài rén lèi lì shǐ shàng dì yī cì yǐ zhèng zhì gāng lǐng de xíng shì tí chū liǎo rú xià yuán zé： rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng、 rén jù yòu bù kě bō duó de shēng mìng、 zì yóu hé zhuī qiú xìng fú de quán lì， yǐ jí zhèng fǔ bì xū jīng rén mín de tóng yì 'ér zǔ chéng， yìng wèirénmín xìng fú hé bǎo zhàng rén mín quán lì 'ér cún zài， rén mín yòu quán qǐ lái gé mìng yǐ tuī fān bù lǚ xíng zhí zé de zhèng fǔ。 zhè xiē yuán zé chéng wéi yǐ hòu měi guó de yì shí xíng tài， wéi měi guó cǐ hòu 200 duō nián de fā zhǎn diàn dìng liǎo sī xiǎng jī chǔ。 dà dà gǔ wǔ liǎo běi měi rén mín de gé mìng dǒu zhì， wéi shí xiàn dú lì de chóng gāo mù biāo 'ér yīng yǒng fèn dǒu。 tā yě zhí jiē yǐng xiǎng liǎo fǎ guó dà gé mìng， shì 1789 nián fǎ guó《 rén quán xuān yán》 de fàn běn。 duì yà zhōu、 lā dīng měi zhōu de mín zú dú lì yùn dòng qǐ liǎo yī dìng de tuī dòng zuò yòng。
yuán wén fān yì
　　1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì běi měi yuán shí sān gè yīng shǔ zhí mín dì yī zhì tōng guò de《 dú lì xuān yán 》 yuán wén：
　　 zài yòu guān rén lèi shì wù de fā zhǎn guò chéng zhōng， dāng yī gè mín zú bì xū jiě chú qí hé lìng yī gè mín zú zhī jiān de zhèng zhì lián xì， bìng zài shì jiè gè guó zhī jiān yǐ zhào zì rán fǎ zé hé shàng dì de yì zhǐ， jiē shòu dú lì hé píng děng de dì wèi shí， chū yú rén lèi yú lùn de zūn zhòng， bì xū bǎ tā men bù dé bù dú lì de yuán yīn yú yǐ xuān bù。
　　 wǒ men rèn wéi xià miàn zhè xiē zhēn lǐ shì bù yán 'ér yù de： rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng， zào wù zhě fù yú tā men ruò gān bù kě bō duó de quán lì， qí zhōng bāo kuò shēng mìng quán、 zì yóu quán hé zhuī qiú xìng fú de quán lì。 wèile bǎo zhàng zhè xiē quán lì， rén lèi cái zài tā men zhī jiān jiàn lì zhèng fǔ， ér zhèng fǔ zhī zhèng dāng quán lì， shì jīng bèi zhì lǐ zhě de tóng yì 'ér chǎn shēng de。 dāng rèn hé xíng shì de zhèng fǔ duì zhè xiē mù biāo jù pò huài zuò yòng shí， rén mín biàn yòu quán lì gǎi biàn huò fèi chú tā， yǐ jiàn lì yī gè xīn de zhèng fǔ； qí lài yǐ diàn jī de yuán zé， qí zǔ zhì quán lì de fāng shì， wù shǐ rén mín rèn wéi wéi yòu zhè yàng cái zuì kě néng huò dé tā men de 'ān quán hé xìng fú。 wèile shèn zhòng qǐ jiàn， chéng lì duō nián de zhèng fǔ， shì bù yīngdāng yóu yú qīng wēi hé duǎn zàn de yuán yīn 'ér yú yǐ biàngēng de。 guò qù de yī qiē jīng yàn yědōu shuō míng， rèn hé kǔ nán， zhǐ yào shì shàng néng rěn shòu， rén lèi dū nìngyuàn róng rěn， ér wú yì wèile běn shēn de quán yì biàn fèi chú tā men jiǔ yǐ xí guàn liǎo de zhèng fǔ。 dàn shì， dāng zhuī zhú tóng yī mù biāo de yī lián chuàn làn yòng zhí quán hé qiáng qǔ háo duó fā shēng， zhèng míng zhèng fǔ qǐ tú bǎ rén mín zhì yú zhuān zhì tǒng zhì zhī xià shí， nà me rén mín jiù yòu quán lì， yě yòu yì wù tuī fān zhè gè zhèng fǔ， bìng wéi tā men wèi lái de 'ān quán jiàn lì xīn de bǎo zhàng－－ zhè jiù shì zhè xiē zhí mín dì guò qù nì lái shùn shòu de qíng kuàng， yě shì tā men xiàn zài bù dé bù gǎi biàn yǐ qián zhèng fǔ zhì dù de yuán yīn。 dāng jīn dà bù liè diān guó wáng de lì shǐ， shì jiē lián bù duàn de shāng tiān hài lǐ hé qiáng qǔ háo duó de lì shǐ， zhè xiē bào xíng de wéi yī mù biāo， jiù shì xiǎng zài zhè xiē zhōu jiàn lì zhuān zhì de bào zhèng。 wèile zhèng míng suǒ yán shǔ shí， xiàn bǎ xià liè shì shí xiàng gōng zhèng de shì jiè xuān bù－－
　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn duì gōng zhòng lì yì zuì yòu yì、 zuì bì yào de fǎ lǜ。
　　 tā jìn zhǐ tā de zǒng dū men pī zhǔn pò qiē 'ér jí wéi bì yào de fǎ lǜ， yào bù jiù bǎ zhè xiē fǎ lǜ gē zhì qǐ lái zàn bù shēng xiào， děng dài tā de tóng yì； ér yī dàn zhè xiē fǎ lǜ bèi gē zhì qǐ lái， tā duì tā men jiù wán quán zhì zhī bù lǐ。
　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn biàn lì guǎng dà dì qū rén mín de qí tā fǎ lǜ， chú fēi nà xiē rén mín qíng yuàn fàng qì zì jǐ zài lì fǎ jī guān zhōng de dài biǎo quán； dàn zhè zhǒng quán lì duì tā men yòu wú fǎ gūliáng de jià zhí， ér qiě zhǐ yòu bào jūn cái wèi jù zhè zhǒng quán lì。
　　 tā bǎ gè zhōu lì fǎ tuán tǐ zhào jí dào yì hū xún cháng de、 jí wéi bù biàn de、 yuǎn lí tā men dàng 'àn kù de dì fāng qù kāi huì， wéi yī de mù de shì shǐ tā men pí yú bènmìng， bù dé bù shùn cóng tā de yì zhǐ。
　　 tā yī zài jiě sàn gè zhōu de yì huì， yīn wéi tā men yǐ wú wèi de jiān yì tài dù fǎn duì tā qīn fàn rén mín de quán lì。
　　 tā zài jiě sàn gè zhōu yì huì zhī hòu， yòu cháng qī jù jué lìng xuǎn xīn yì huì； dàn lì fǎ quán shì wú fǎ qǔ xiāo de， yīn cǐ zhè xiàng quán lì réng yóu yī bān rén mín lái xíng shǐ。 qí shí gè zhōu réng rán chǔyú wēi xiǎn de jìng dì， jì yòu wài lái qīn lüè zhī huàn， yòu yòu fā shēng nèi luàn zhī yōu。
　　 tā jié lì yì zhì wǒ men gè zhōu zēng jiā rén kǒu； wèicǐ mùdì， tā zǔ náo wài guó rén rù jí fǎ de tōng guò， jù jué pī zhǔn qí tā gǔ lì wài guó rén yí jū gè zhōu de fǎ lǜ， bìng tí gāo fēn pèi xīn tǔ dì de tiáo jiàn。
　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn jiàn lì sī fǎ quán lì de fǎ lǜ， jiè yǐ zǔ náo sī fǎ gōng zuò de tuī xíng。
　　 tā bǎ fǎ guān de rèn qī、 xīn jīn shù 'é hé zhī fù， wán quán zhì yú tā gè rén yì zhì de zhī pèi zhī xià。
　　 tā jiàn lì xīn guān shǔ， pài qiǎn dà pī guān yuán， sāo rǎo wǒ men rén mín， bìng hào jìn rén mín bì yào de shēng huó wù zhì。
　　 tā zài hé píng shí qī， wèi jīng wǒ men de lì fǎ jī guān tóng yì， jiù zài wǒ men zhōng jiān wéi chí cháng bèi jūn。
　　 tā lì tú shǐ jūn duì dú lì yú mín zhèng zhī wài， bìng líng jià yú mín zhèng zhī shàng。
　　 tā tóng mǒu xiē rén gòu jié qǐ lái bǎ wǒ men zhì yú yī zhǒng bù shì hé wǒ men de tǐ zhì qiě bùwèi wǒ men de fǎ lǜ suǒ chéng rèn de guǎn xiá zhī xià； tā hái pī zhǔn nà xiē rén páozhì de gè zhǒng wěi fǎ 'àn lái dá dào yǐ xià mùdì：
　　 zài wǒ men zhōng jiān zhù zhā dà pī wǔ zhuāng bù duì；
　　 yòng jiǎ shěn xùn lái bāo bì tā men， shǐ tā men shā hài wǒ men gè zhōu jū mín 'ér réng rán xiāo yáo fǎ wài；
　　 qiē duàn wǒ men tóng shì jiè gè dì de mào yì；
　　 wèi jīng wǒ men tóng yì biàn xiàng wǒ men qiáng xíng zhēng shuì；
　　 zài xǔ duō 'àn jiàn zhōng bō duó wǒ men xiǎng yòu péi shěn zhì de quán yì；
　　 luó zhì zuì míng yā sòng wǒ men dào hǎi wài qù shòu shěn；
　　 zài yī gè lín shěng fèi chú yīng guó de zì yóu fǎ zhì， zài nà guǒ jiàn lì zhuān zhì zhèng fǔ， bìng kuò dà gāi shěng de jiāng jiè， qǐ tú bǎ gāi shěng biàn chéng jì shì yī gè yàng bǎn yòu shì yī gè dé xīn yìng shǒu de gōng jù， yǐ biàn jìn 'ér xiàng zhè lǐ de gè zhí mín dì tuī xíng tóng yàng de jí quán tǒng zhì；
　　 qǔ xiāo wǒ men de xiàn zhāng， fèi chú wǒ men zuì bǎo guì de fǎ lǜ， bìng qiě gēn běn shàng gǎi biàn wǒ men gè zhōu zhèng fǔ de xíng shì；
　　 zhōng zhǐ wǒ men zì jǐ de lì fǎ jī guān xíng shǐ quán lì， xuān chēng tā men zì jǐ yòu quán jiù yī qiē shì yí wèiwǒ men zhì dìng fǎ lǜ。
　　 tā xuān bù wǒ men yǐ bù shǔ tā bǎo hù zhī liè， bìng duì wǒ men zuò zhàn， cóng 'ér fàng qì liǎo zài zhè lǐ de zhèng wù。
　　 tā zài wǒ men de hǎi yù dà sì lüè duó， róu lìn wǒ men yán hǎi dì qū， fén shāo wǒ men de chéng zhèn， cán hài wǒ men rén mín de shēng mìng。
　　 tā cǐ shí zhèng zài yùn sòng dà pī wài guó yōng bīng lái wán chéng tú shā、 pò huài hé sì nüè de gòu dāng， zhè zhǒng gòu dāng zǎo jiù kāi shǐ， qí cán kù bēi liè shèn zhì zài zuì yě mán de shí dài dū nán yǐ zhǎo dào xiān lì。 tā wán quán bù pèi zuò wéi yī gè wén míng guó jiā de yuán shǒu。
　　 tā zài gōng hǎi shàng fú lǔ wǒ men de tóng bāo， qiǎngpò tā men ná qǐ wǔ qì lái fǎn duì zì jǐ de guó jiā， chéng wéi cán shā zì jǐ qīn rén hé péng yǒu de guì zǐ shǒu， huò shì sǐ yú zì jǐ de qīn rén hé péng yǒu de shǒu xià。
　　 tā zài wǒ men zhōng jiān shān dòng nèi luàn， bìng qiě jié lì tiǎo suō nà xiē cán kù wú qíng、 méi yòu kāi huà de yìn dì 'ān rén lái shā lüè wǒ men biān jiāng de jū mín； ér zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī， yìn dì 'ān rén de zuò zhàn guī lǜ shì bù fēn nán nǚ lǎo yòu， yī lǜ gé shā wù lùn de。
　　 zài zhè xiē yā pò de měi yī xiàn jiē duàn zhōng， wǒ mendōu shì yòng zuì qiān bēi de yán cí qǐng qiú gǎi shàn； dàn lǚ cì qǐng qiú suǒ dé dào de dá fù shì lǚ cì zāo shòu sǔn hài。 yī gè jūn zhù， dāng tā de pǐn gé yǐ dǎ shàng liǎo bào jūn xíng wéi de lào yìn shí， shì bù pèi zuò zì yóu rén mín de tǒng zhì zhě de。
　　 wǒ men bù shì méi yòu gù niàn wǒ men yīng guó de dì xiōng。 wǒ men shí cháng tí xǐng tā men， tā men de lì fǎ jī guān qǐ tú bǎ wú lǐ de guǎn xiá quán héng jiā dào wǒ men de tóu shàng。 wǒ men yě céng bǎ wǒ men yí mín lái zhè lǐ hé zài zhè lǐ dìng jū de qíng xíng gào sù tā men。 wǒ men céng jīng xiàng tā men tiān shēng de zhèng yì shàn gǎn hé yǎ liàng hūyù， wǒ men kěn qiú tā men niàn zài tóng zhǒng tóng zōng de fèn shàng， qì jué zhè xiē lüè duó xíng wéi， yǐ miǎn yǐng xiǎng bǐ cǐ de guān xì hé wǎng lái。 dàn shì tā men duì yú zhè zhǒng zhèng yì hé xuè yuán de hū shēng， yě tóng yàng chōng 'ěr bù wén。 yīn cǐ， wǒ men shí zài bù dé bù xuān bù hé tā men tuō lí， bìng qiě yǐ duì dài shì jiè shàng qí tā mín zú yī yàng de tài dù duì dài tā men： hé wǒ men zuò zhàn， jiù shì dí rén； hé wǒ men hé hǎo， jiù shì péng yǒu。
　　 yīn cǐ， wǒ men， zài dà lù huì yì xià jí huì de měi lì jiān lián méng dài biǎo， yǐ gè zhí mín dì shàn liáng rén mín de míng yì， fēi jīng tā men shòu quán， xiàng quán shì jiè zuì chóng gāo de zhèng yì hūyù， shuō míng wǒ men de yán zhèng yì xiàng， tóng shí zhèng zhòng xuān bù； zhè xiē lián hé yī zhì de zhí mín dì cóng cǐ shì zì yóu hé dú lì de guó jiā， bìng qiě 'àn qí quán lì yě bì xū shì zì yóu hé dú lì de guó jiā， tā men qǔ xiāo yī qiē duì yīng guó wáng shì xiào zhōng de yì wù， tā men hé dà bù liè diān guó jiā zhī jiān de yī qiē zhèng zhì guān xì cóng cǐ quán bù duàn jué， ér qiě bì xū duàn jué； zuò wéi zì yóu dú lì de guó jiā， tā men wán quán yòu quán xuān zhàn、 dì hé、 jié méng、 tōng shāng hé cǎi qǔ dú lì guó jiā yòu quán cǎi qǔ de yī qiē xíng dòng。
　　 wèile zhī chí zhè piān xuān yán， wǒ men jiān jué xìn lài shàng dì de bì yòu， yǐ wǒ men de shēng mìng、 wǒ men de cái chǎn hé wǒ men shén shèng de míng yù， bǐ cǐ xuān shì。
yīng wén yuán wén
　　THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
　　First Draft
　　When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for a people to advance from that subordination in which they have hitherto remained, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the equal and independent station to which the laws of nature and of nature's god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the change
　　We hold these truths to be [sacred and undeniable] selfevident, that all men are created equal and independent; that from that equal creation they derive in rights inherent and inalienables, among which are the preservation of life, and liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these ends, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government shall become destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing it's powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes: and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. but when a long train of abuses and usurpations, begun at a distinguished period, and pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to [subject] reduce them to arbitrary power, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. --
　　Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to expunge their former systems of government. the history of his present majesty is a history of unremitting injuries and usurpations, among which no fact stands single or solitary to contradict the uniform tenor of the rest, all of which have in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. to prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world, for the truth of which we pledge a faith yet unsullied by falsehood.
　　Second Draft
　　In Congress, July 4, 1776,
　　THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
　　When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
　　We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
　　That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
　　That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to the m shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Des potism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
　　Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
　　He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
　　He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
　　He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
　　He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
　　He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
　　He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
　　He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands .
　　He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
　　He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
　　He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.
　　He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
　　He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
　　He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
　　For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
　　For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
　　For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
　　For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
　　For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
　　For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
　　For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into t hese Colonies:
　　For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:
　　For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
　　He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
　　He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.
　　He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the H ead of a civilized nation.
　　He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
　　He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
　　In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
　　Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and sett lement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
　　We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Bri tain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. An d for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
　　JOHN HANCOCK, President
　　Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary
　　New Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON
　　Massachusetts-Bay: SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY
　　Rhode Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY
　　Connecticut: ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT
　　Georgia: BUTTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEO. WALTON
　　Maryland: SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON
　　Virginia: GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR., FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON.
　　New York: WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS
　　Pennsylvania: ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS
　　Delaware: CAESAR RODNEY, GEORGE READ, THOMAS M'KEAN
　　North Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN
　　South Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., THOMAS LYNCH, JR., ARTHUR MIDDLETON
　　New Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINS, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARK
　　Pennsylvania: Robert Morris， Benjamin Rush， Benjamin Franklin， John Morton， George Clymer， James Smith， George Taylor， James Wilson， George Ross
　　Delaware: Caesar Rodney， George Read， Thomas McKean
　　Maryland: Samuel Chase， William Paca， Thomas Stone， Charles Carroll of Carrollton
　　Virginia: George Wythe， Richard Henry Lee， Thomas Jefferson， Benjamin Harrison， Thomas Nelson， Jr.， Francis Lightfoot Lee， Carter Braxton
　　North Carolina: William Hooper， Joseph Hewes， John Penn
　　South Carolina: Edward Rutledge， Thomas Heyward， Jr.， Thomas Lynch， Jr.， Arthur Middleton
　　Georgia: Button Gwinnett， Lyman Hall， George Walton.
tú piàn jiè shào
　　Fragment of a draft of the Declaration
　　 fǎ wén
　　Relativesàl'activitéhumaineaucoursdudéveloppement,quandunpaysdoitdésarmeretl'autredeslienspolitiquesentrelespeuplesetentrelespaysdanslemondeconformémentauxloisdelanatureetDieul'intention,sousréservedel'indépendanceetl'égalitédestatut,pourl'hommeLerespectpourl'opinionpublique,ilsdoiventêtreindépendantsdesraisonsd'êtreannoncé.
　　Nouscroyonsqu'àlasuitedecesvéritéssontévidentes:tousleshommessontnéségaux,leCréateurleurdonneuncertainnombrededroitsinaliénables,ycomprisledroitàlavie,àlalibertéetlapoursuitedubonheurdeleursdroits.Afindeprotégercesdroits,l'hommequedansleurétablieentrelegouvernementetlegouvernementdel'autoritélégitime,estrégieparleconsentementdel'.Lorsquetouteformedegouvernementpoursaperlerôledecesobjectifs,lesgensontlepouvoirdechangeroulasupprimer,demettreenplaceunnouveaugouvernement,safondationsurlaquellelesprincipesdesonpouvoir,desortequelesgenspensentquesiseulementLeplusprobablel'accèsàleursécuritéetleurbonheur.Pourunemesuredeprécaution,legouvernementacréédenombreusesannées,estdueaumineuretnedevraitpasêtreàcourtderaisonsdechanger.Tousexpériencepasséemontrequetoutesouffrance,tantqu'ilssontenmesureendurer,l'hommepréfèrelatolérance,etn'apasl'intentiond'abolirleurspropresintérêtsqu'ilsontdepuislongtempshabituésaugouvernement.Toutefois,lorsdelatraqueàlamêmeobjectifdansuneséried'abusdepouvoiretuneforteho-Victoiresencequelegouvernementatentédeplacerl'hommesousunrégimeautoritaire,alorslesgensontledroitetl'obligationderenversercegouvernement,etpourleursécuritéfuturedelacréationd'unnouveauSécurité-C'estlepassécolonialNilaishunshoucescirconstances,estmaintenantobligésdechangerleursystèmedegouvernementavantlescauses.L'histoirecontemporaineduroideGrande-Bretagne,plusieursjoursdelavictimevictimesetdesjustificationssolidespourHaoremportel'histoire,leseulobjectifdecesatrocités,danscesEtatsestd'établirlatyrannieautocratique.Afindeprouverquec'estvrai,ilestjustesurlesfaitssuivantsaumondeque--
　　Ilarefuséderatifierl'intérêtpubliclesplusutilesetlesplusnécessaireslois.
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　　Ilarefusédefaciliterl'approbationdelamajoritédeshabitantsdelarégiond'autreslois,àmoinsquecespersonnespréfèrentrenonceràleurspropresreprésentantsàl'Assembléelégislativedudroit,maisilsontunteldroitd'unevaleurincalculable,etseulletyranseulementcraindreunteldroit.
　　Ildéclareorganesdélibérantsdeconvoquerextraordinaire,trèsgênant,loindeleursarchivesdeslieuxderencontre,leseulbutestdeleurpermettreépuisé,adûreportersonintention.
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　　Ildéclareàladissolutionduparlement,aussilongtempsrefuséàélireunnouveauparlement,maislepouvoirlégislatifnepeutêtreannulée,etencorecepouvoirdesgensordinairesàl'exercice.Enfait,lesEtatsencoreenpéril,tantlasouffrancedel'agressionextérieureetdetroublesinternesonteulieuàs'intéresser.
　　IlempêchernosÉtatsd'accroîtrelapopulation;Àcettefin,ilabloquélaloiàtraverslanaturalisationdesétrangers,rejetépard'autresÉtatsàencouragerl'émigrationdedroitdesétrangers,etd'améliorerlesconditionspourl'attributiondenouvellesterres.
　　Ilarefuséd'approuverlacréationdupouvoirjudiciairedelaloi,pourfaireobstacleàlamiseenœuvredutravailjudiciaire.
　　Iljugesduterme,lemontantetlepaiementdusalaire,ilseraentièrementplacésousladomination.
　　IlaétablidenouvellesGuanshu,l'envoid'ungrandnombredefonctionnaires,deharcèlementdenotrepeuple,lesgensontbesoinetàl'épuisementdelamatièrevivante.
　　Ilentempsdepaix,sansleconsentementdenotreparlement,aumilieudenotrearmée.
　　Ilaessayédefairel'arméeindépendantedelamaison,lamaisonetplus.
　　IlacollaboréavecdesgensàuneplacequenousnecorrespondentpasànotresystèmeetpaspournousdereconnaîtrelaloienvertudelacompétenceIlaégalementapprouvédecesquiconcoctétoutessortesdefauxbilletspouratteindrelesobjectifssuivants:
　　Dansungrandnombredeforcesarméesstationnéesaumilieudenous;
　　Fauxprocèsàcouvrir,defaçonàtuernosrésidentssonttoujoursenliberté;
　　Nouscouperleséchangesaveclerestedumonde;
　　Nousconvenonsquenousn'avonspasétécontraintsd'arrêterlafiscalité;
　　Dansdenombreuxcasnouspriverjouissentdesdroitsetdesintérêtsdujury;
　　Luotissageescortenouscompteroutre-meràsubirsonprocès;
　　ShengLindansunlibresuppressiondusystèmejuridiquebritannique,puisenveloppédanslacréationdeZhuanzhizhengfu,etd'étendreleslimitesdelaprovince,dansunetentativededevenirlaprovinceestunmodèleestaussiunoutilpratiqueàsontourtousicipourlamiseenœuvredelamêmecolonieRégimetotalitaire;
　　NousannulélaCharte,l'abolitiondenotrebienleplusprécieuxdeslois,etfondamentalementchangernotreétatdanslaformedegouvernement;
　　Suspendrenotrepropreexercicedupouvoirdelalégislature,afaitvaloirqueleurdroitàl'ensembledenotrelégislation.
　　Ilaannoncéquenousn'avonspasprotégé,etnousluttonspourdonnericienchef.
　　Ilarbitrairepillénosmers,ravagénoszonescôtières,brûlénosvillesetnosblesserlaviedesgens.
　　IlestencemomentletransportgrandnombredeBountyHoundsétrangerspourcompléterlemassacre,ladestructionetledegréd'activités,cesactivitésontcommencé,mêmedanslespluscruellesméprisableèrebarbare,ilestdifficiledetrouverprécédent.Iln'apasqualifiécommeunpaysciviliséduchefdel'Etat.
　　Ilaprislahautemerdenoscompatriotes,forcésàprendrelesarmespours'opposeràleurpaysetdedevenirleurproprefamilleetlesamisonttuélesbouchers,ousontmortsdeleursprochesetdesesamis.
　　Ilinciteràlaguerrecivileentrenous,ceuxquifomententetimpitoyable,lesIndiensn'ontpasKaihuaShalueauxrésidentsdenotrefrontière,etcommenouslesavonstous,lesIndienssontlaluttecontrelaloi,indépendammentdeshommes,desfemmesetdesenfants,touslesjournalNezavisimayaGazeta.
　　Danschacundecesopprimésdépressionstade,nousutilisonsleplushumbledemanded'améliorerlarhétorique,maislesdemandesrépétéesdeLaréponseestmaintesfoissubilesdommages.Unemonarchie,quandilalecaractèreportentlescicatricesd'untyran,n'estpasqualifiépourledirigeantdepeuplelibre.
　　NousnesommespasGuniannosfrèresbritanniques.Nousavonstoujoursleurrappelerqueleurlégislateurdansunetentativeflagrantedecompétencedéraisonnableànoschefs.Nousdisposonsdenosimmigrantsviennents'installericieticidanslecasdit.NousavonsàlajusticenaturelleetYaliangShanganappel,nousleurdemandonsdeliredanslamêmeracedanslamême,àrejetercesactesdepillage,afindenepasaffecterleursrelationsetleséchanges.Maisilsontcesangetlavoixdelajustice,aégalementfaitlasourdeoreille.Parconséquent,nousdevonsdéclareretdeleurprovenanceetàdestinationdetraiterlemondecommel'attitudedesautresnationslestraiter:etnosopérations,estl'ennemi,etnousavonsdebonnesetestunami.
　　Parconséquent,nous,laprochainesessiondel'Assembléesurlecontinentdel'Unionreprésentantàl'peuplescoloniauxaunomdubien,nonautorisépareuxaumondelesplusnoblesappelàlajustice,denotreintentionsolennelle,etaannoncésolennellementquecesconcertéeDepuislors,unecoloniedelalibertéetl'indépendancedesnationsetdeleursdroitsdoitégalementêtrelibreetindépendant,ilssupprimenttouteslesobligationsd'allégeanceàlafamilleroyalebritannique,leurpaysetlaGrande-Bretagnetouteslesrelationspolitiquesentretouslescoupésde,etdoitêtrecoupé;Commeunpayslibreetindépendant,quiapleinementledroitdedéclarerlaguerre,etl'association,d'alliance,decommerceetdeprendreunpaysindépendantledroitdeprendretouteaction.
　　Àl'appuidelaprésenteDéclaration,nousavonslafermeconfiancelabénédictiondeDieupournosvies,nosbiensetnotrehonneursacré,leurserment.
dú lì xuān yán de 5 gè zhāng jié hé lìng yī bǎn běn de fān yì
　　 dú lì xuān yán zhī běn wén kě fēn wéi wǔ gè zhāng jié : xù , qián yán , kòng sù yīng wáng qiáo zhì sān shì , qiǎn zé yīng rén yǔ zǒng jié , shì shí shàng yuán wén zhōng bìng méi yòu biāo zhù zhè 5 gè zhāng jié
　　 xù
　　1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì， yú guó huì nèi
　　 měi zhōu shí sān hé zhòng zhōu quán tǐ yī zhì xuān gào
　　 cǐ shí cǐ kè， yú rén shì fā zhǎn jìn chéng zhōng， sī shǔ bì yào zhě， yè wéi jiě xiāo yī qún rén mín yǔ tā qún jiān zhī zhèng zhì kǔn fù， bìng shì qí dì wèi ─ jī yú zì rán lǜ yǔ zào wù zhù zhī cì─ yú chén shì zhū zhèng quán jiān wéi hù bù lì shǔ qiě xiāng hù píng děng， shì qiē zūn zhòng rén lèi xuān gào dú lì de mù biāo lǐ xiǎng zhī xū qiú。
　　 qián yán
　　 wǒ děng zhī jiàn jiě wéi， xià shù zhēn lǐ bù zhèng zì míng： fán rén shēng 'ér píng děng， bǐng zào wù zhě zhī cì， yōng zhū wú kě zhuǎn ràng zhī quán lì， bāo hán shēng mìng quán、 zì yóu quán、 yǔ zhuī xún xìng fú zhī quán（ yuán yì wéi： pursuitofhappiness， zhuī qiú kuài lè）。
　　 cí què bǎo rú cǐ quán lì， lì zhèng fǔ yú rén mín zhī jiān， jīng shòu tǒng zhì zhě zhī tóng yì qǔ dé yìng yòu zhī quán lì； tè cǐ， wú lùn hé zhǒng zhèng tǐ yú hé shí huài cǐ biāo de， zé rén mín yòu quán gǎi zǔ huò qì jué zhī， bìng lìng lì xīn zhèng fǔ， běn cǐ yuán zé， yǐ chéng cǐ xíng shì zhī zhèng quán， yīn qí yǐng xiǎng rén mín zhī 'ān quán xìng fú zhì jù。
　　 shēn sī shú lǜ hòu， dāng dé cǐ lùn， jí jiàn lì cháng jiǔ zhī zhèng fǔ， bù yìng yǐ wú zú qīng zhòng zhī lǐ yóu gǎi zǔ， ér jī yú yǐ zhī zhī guò wǎng， shì rén nìngkě róng rěn jī zhòng nán fǎn zhī xié pì。 rán dāng lián chuàn zhī làn quán zhě yǔ cuàn duó zhě zhí mí bù wù， pò rén mín qū fú yú jué duì zhuān zhì xià shí， tuī fān cǐ zhèng fǔ， shì qí quán lì， shì qí yì wù， bìng wéi wèi lái zhī 'ān wěn tí gōng xīn bǎo zhàng。
　　 kòng sù
　　 cǐ xiàn zhì yǐ lìng gè zhí mín dì cháng jiǔ bù kān， cǐ shì xiàn jīn yì yǐ chéng wéi bì yào， jí yóu rén mín gǎi biàn guò wǎng zhèng fǔ tǐ zhì。 dà bù liè diān jīn shàng cháng jiǔ yǐ lái bō xià yì shàng， zhí jiē dǎo zhì biàn jí gè zhōu zhī zhuān zhì bào zhèng。 wéi zhèng míng sī yán shǔ shí， qiě jiāng shì shí chéng jiāo gōng zhèng zhī shì jiān。
　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn， bǐ yì zuì shēn qiě duì gōng zhòng lì yì zhì guān jǐn yào zhī fǎ tiáo。
　　 tā jìn zhǐ xiá xià zǒng dū men tōng guò dāng qián pò qiē 'ér bì yào zhī fǎ tiáo， yán dàng fǎ tiáo zhí zhì dé qí 'ēn zhǔn； ér yú liú zhōng bù fā qī jiān， tā chè dǐ zhì zhī bù lǐ。
　　 tā jù jué tōng guò qí tā fǎ tiáo yǐ tiáojiě guǎng dà xíng zhèng qū nèi zhī rén mín， chú fēi rén mín fàng qì yú lì fǎ jī gòu nèi zhī dài biǎo quán， cǐ wèirénmín zhì gāo wú shàng zhī quán， wéi bào jūn wèi zhī jù zhī。
　　 tā yú yì cháng、 bù dāng、 qiě yuǎn lí gōng gòng jì lǜ bǎo guǎn zhī chù suǒ zhào jí mín yì dài biǎo yùhuì， wéi yī mùdì wéi shǐ qí yīn pí yú bènmìng 'ér qū cóng yú tā gè rén zhī yì zhǐ。
　　 tā fǎn fù jiě sàn yì huì， yīn qí yǒng yú jiān jué fǎn duì tā qīn fàn mín quán。
　　 tā cháng qī jù jué─ yú yì huì jiě sàn zhī hòu─ shǐ qí tā rén dāng xuǎn yǐ ràng lì fǎ quán─ wú kě xiāo miè zhě─ huí guī yóu duō shù mín yì xíng shǐ； guó jiā cháng qī bào lù yú yī qiē kě néng dǎo zhì dòng luàn zhī wēi jī。
　　 tā lì zǔ gè zhōu zēng jiā rén kǒu， wéi dá mùdì 'ér zǔ náo wài jí guī huà fǎ， jù jué tōng guò gǔ lì yí mín nèi fù zhī fǎ tiáo， bìng tí gāo bō yòng xīn tǔ dì zhī mén jiàn。
　　 tā jù jué tōng guò jiàn lì sī fǎ quán zhī xiāng guān fǎ tiáo， jiè yǐ fáng 'ài sī fǎ。
　　 tā zhì sī fǎ yú gè rén yì zhì zhī xià， dú duàn jué dìng qí zhí wèi yǔ xīn zī zhī shù mù yǔ kuǎn xiàng。
　　 tā shè lì dà liàng xīn jī gòu， sòng lái chéng qún de guān lì xī qǔ mín zhī mín gāo。
　　 tā yú wú mín zhī jiān wéi chí cháng bèi jūn─ yú chéng píng shí qī─ bù jīng yì huì tóng yì。
　　 tā chóu yōng jūn quán， shǐ zhī zì wài yú， bìng chāo yú mín quán。
　　 tā gòu jié tā rén， shǐ wǒ děng lì shǔ zhī sī fǎ tǐ zhì， jì yú yuè yú xiàn fǎ， yì wèi jīng lǜ lìng zhī rèn kě。 yù zhǔn xū yòu qí biǎo zhī yì huì suǒ páozhì zhī zhǒng zhǒng fǎ 'àn：
　　 yú wú mín zhōng zhù zhā dà jūn：
　　 yǐ wěi shěn pàn luǎn yì shā rén fàn xiāo yáo fǎ wài：
　　 qiē duàn wú mín yǔ tā fāng zhī mào yì wǎng lái：
　　 bù jīng wú mín tóng yì jí kāi zhēng shuì fù：
　　 duō cì bō duó wú mín yóu péi shěn tuán tīng shěn zhī quán yì：
　　 yā sòng wú mín zhì hǎi wài， shěn yǐ luó zhì zhī zuì míng：
　　 fèi zhǐ yīng shì zì yóu fǎ zhì yú yī lín shěng， lì zhuān zhì zhèng fǔ yú qí zhōng， bìng kuò zhǎn qí jiāng yù， zuò wéi yàng bǎn yǔ biànyíxíngshì zhī shǒu duàn， yòng yǐ tuī xíng xiāng tóng zhī wēi quán tǒng zhì zhì gè zhí mín dì zhōng
　　 duó wú mín zhī xiàn zhāng， fèi zhǐ wǒ zuì jù jià zhí zhī lǜ fǎ bìng gēn běn gǎi biàn wǒ zhèng fǔ tǐ zhì：
　　 zhōng duàn wǒ zhī lì fǎ zhí néng， ér shēng chēng tā men yòu quán wèiwǒ yī qiē dà xiǎo shì yí lì fǎ。
　　 tā pāo qì cǐ dì zhī zhèng wù， shēng míng wú mín bù zài qí bǎo hù zhī xià， duì wú mín qiáng jiā zhàn zhēng zhī zhònghè。
　　 tā lüè duó wǒ hǎi yù， jiàn tà yán 'àn， fén shāo chéng zhèn， cán mín yǐ chěng。
　　 tā kè zhèng yùn lái dà pī wài jí yōng bīng yǐ zì yì tú lù、 róu lìn、 yǔ wàng wéi， qí shǒu duàn zhī nüè kù yǔ bēi liè jǐ yǔ zuì yě mán zhī shí dài háo wú 'èr zhì， zuò wéi yī gè wén míng guó jiā zhī yuán shǒu， wán quán shī gé。
　　 tā qiáng fú wú mín yú gōng hǎi qiě wǔ zhuāng zhī， yǐ duì qí mǔ guó bù lì， qiáng lìng qí chéng wéi qīn péng hǎo yǒu zhī guì zǐ shǒu， huò bèi hài zhě。
　　 tā shān dòng nèi luàn yú wú mín zhī jiān， tú wǒ kāi jiāng tuò tǔ zhī mín； zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī， wèi kāi huà zhī yìn dì 'ān yě rén zuò zhàn fǎ zé wéi bù fēn nán nǚ lǎo yòu gé shā wù lùn。
　　 yú chéng shòu rú cǐ yā pò zhī shí qī wú mín qiān cí qǐng yuàn xīng gé： wú mín yī zài zhī qǐng yuàn zāo huí yǐ fǎn fù zhī shāng hài。 yī guó zhī jūn， qí pǐn gé yǐ rán lào xià kě chēng wéi cán nüè zhī cuò shī shí， yǐ bù pèi zuò wéi zì yóu mín zhī tǒng zhì zhě。
　　 qiǎn zé
　　 bìng fēi wǒ děng wèi céng gù niàn wǒ bù liè diān zhī tóng bāo。 wǒ děng céng bù shí jǐng shì qí qǐ tú， jí wài yán lì fǎ quán yǐ jiāng fēi fǎ zhī sī fǎ guǎn xiá quán lǒngzhào wú mín。 wǒ děng céng tí xǐng qí mín， wǒ yí mín yǔ kěn zhí zhě zhī zhuàng kuàng。 wǒ děng céng xū qí tiān shēng zhī zhèng yì gǎn yǔ yǎ liàng， wǒ děng céng qiú qí yǐ tóng wén tóng zhǒng zhī qíng yī gǎi qián fēi， qí zuò wéi， wú kě bì miǎn dì yǐng xiǎng shuāng fāng zhī guān xì yǔ wǎng lái。 tā men duì qíng lǐ zhī shēng chōng 'ěr bù wén。 wǒ děng bì xū yīn 'ér shùn shì xuān gào yǔ zhī fēn lí， bìng dài zhī rú dài qí yú rén děng， dí shì wǒ zhě dí shì zhī， mù wǒ zhě mù zhī， yǒu wǒ zhě yǒu zhī。
　　 zǒng jié
　　 lǐng xián qiān shǔ zhě men zhù zhāng（ xiàn shí rén mín xū gǎi zǔ zhèng fǔ zhī tài shì， bù liè diān zhì zhī）， gè zhí mín dì yòu bì yào tuī fān yǔ bù liè diān zhù quán zhī zhèng zhì shù fù， chéng wéi dú lì guó jiā。 jié lùn zhī hé xīn， bāo hán yú 7 yuè 2 rì tōng guò zhī lǐ shì jué yì wén。
　　 wǒ děng， měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó zhī dài biǎo， zhào kāi quán yuán dà huì， wéi wú mín zhī gōng zhèng yì xiàng shì jiè zuì chóng gāo zhī zhèng yì yùqiú， yǐ gè zhí mín dì zhèng zhí shàn liáng mín yì zhī míng yì， jí qí shòu quán， zhèng zhòng fā biǎo yǔ xuān gào， tuán jié zhī zhū zhí mín dì wéi， yì yòu quán shì， zì yóu dú lì zhī guó jiā， yòu quán xuān zhàn、 gòu hé、 dì méng、 jiàn lì mào yì guān xì、 cóng shì qí tā dú lì guó jiā yòu quán xíng shǐ zhī shì wù。 wéi zhī chí cǐ xuān yán， yǐ shén cì zhī zhōu zhī píng zhàng wéi jiān gù yǐ kào， wú děng xiāng hù tuō fù shēng mìng、 cái chǎn、 yǔ róng yù。
bǎi kē cí diǎn
　　Duli Xuanyan
　　 dú lì xuān yán
　　DeclarationofIndependence
　　　　 yīng shǔ běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín xuān bù dú lì de gāng lǐng xìng wén jiàn。 1775 nián běi měi zhí mín dì bào fā liǎo běi měi dú lì zhàn zhēng。 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì dì 2 jiè dà lù huì yì tōng guò liǎo《 dú lì xuān yán 》 ( jiàn cǎi tú běi měi dà lù huì yì tōng guò《 dú lì xuān yán 》 (1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì )), zī chǎn jiē jí mín zhù pài T. jié fěi xùn shì xuān yán de zhù yào qǐ cǎo rén。 xuān yán jì chéng hé fā zhǎn liǎo tiān fù rén quán hé shè huì qì yuē lǐ lùn， chǎn shù liǎo zhí mín dì rén mín zhēng qǔ dú lì de lǐ lùn gēn jù。 xuān yán xuān bù， yī qiē rén shēng 'ér píng děng， shàng dì fù yú tā men zhū rú shēng cún、 zì yóu hé zhuī qiú xìng fú děng bù kě ràng yǔ de quán lì。 zhǐ chū， wéi bǎo zhàng shàng shù quán lì， rén men cái jiàn lì zhèng fǔ， rèn hé zhèng fǔ yī dàn sǔn hài zhè xiē quán lì， rén men jiù yòu quán gǎi huàn tā huò fèi chú tā， jiàn lì xīn zhèng fǔ。 xuān yán liè jǔ hé tòng chì liǎo yīng wáng duì zhí mín dì shí shī de bào zhèng， xiàng quán shì jiè zhuāng yán xuān gào běi měi zhí mín dì tuō lí yīng guó， zì yóu dú lì de měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó zhèng shì chéng lì。《 dú lì xuān yán 》 dì yī cì yǐ zhèng zhì gāng lǐng xíng shì què lì liǎo zī chǎn jiē jí de gé mìng yuán zé－ rén quán yuán zé。 K. mǎ kè sī chēng tā wéi“ dì yī gè rén quán xuān yán”。 xuān yán zài yī dìng chéng dù shàng fǎn yìng liǎo běi měi zhí mín dì rén mín zhēng qǔ zì yóu dú lì de zhèng zhì yuàn wàng。 lìng yī fāng miàn， yóu yú qū cóng yú zhòngzhí yuán nú lì zhù de yā lì， xuān yán méi yòu xuān bù fèi chú nú lì zhì，“ tiān fù rén quán” yě bù bāo kuò hēi rén hé yìn dì 'ān rén， bào lù liǎo měi guó zī chǎn jiē jí gé mìng de bù chè dǐ xìng hé rén quán de jú xiàn xìng。
　　　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》
　　　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de fā biǎo duì fā dòng qún zhòng jìn xíng dú lì zhàn zhēng， duì zhēng qǔ gè guó rén mín de tóng qíng hé zhī yuán， duì lì yòng fǎ guó děng guó yǔ yīng guó de máo dùn kāi zhǎn wài jiāo dǒu zhēng bìng zuì zhōng zǔ chéng fǎn yīng lián méng， dū qǐ liǎo zhòng dà zuò yòng。 xuān yán duì tuī dòng hòu lái de 'ōu zhōu gè guó zī chǎn jiē jí gé mìng， tè bié duì fǎ guó dà gé mìng jí qí《 rén quán xuān yán》 chǎn shēng liǎo jī jí yǐng xiǎng。
　　　　（ lù jìng shēng）
　　　　
jié fú xùn hé《 dú lì xuān yán 》
　　1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì， cóng dà xī yáng yán 'àn dào 'ā bā lā qì yà shān， cóng bō shì dùn dào sà fán nà， zhěng gè běi měi zhí mín dì dū yīn《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de tōng guò hé xuān dú 'ér chén jìn zài yī piàn huān qìng zhī zhōng。 zài zhè gè huān lè de zhōng xīn fèi chéng，《 dú lì xuān yán 》 gāng gāng tōng guò， quán chéng jiù yǐ shì yī piàn huān téng， jiào táng zhōng shēng qí míng， shì bīng men liè chéng cháng duì， míng qiāng zhì hè。 zài duō fó， tè yì wéi《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de xuān dú， ān pái liǎo yī gè fén shāo yīng wáng qiáo zhì sān shì huà xiàng de yí shì。 zhù chí rén wèicǐ jiě shì dào：“ zhè yàng， wǒ men shèn zhì lián nà gè bù pèi zhì lǐ zì yóu rén mín de guó wáng de yǐng zǐ yě gěi xiāo huǐ liǎo。” zài qí tā xiǎo chéng zhèn， rén men gèng duō de shì bēn zǒu xiāng gào， sān hū wàn suì lái biǎo shì qìng zhù。
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 wèishénme huì yòu rú cǐ jù dà de mèi lì， shòu dào běi měi jǐ bǎi wàn rén mín zhè yàng mìqiè dì guān zhù hé huān yíng？ shì qíng de yuán wěi， dū yǔ tuō mǎ sī · jié fú xùn zhè gè wěi dà de míng zì lián xì zài yī qǐ。
　　1743 nián 4 yuè 13 rì， jié fú xùn chū shēng yú fú jí ní yà zhōu de yī gè zhòngzhí yuán zhù jiā tíng。 fù qīn bǐ dé · jié fú xùn zuò guò tǔ mù gōng chéng shī。 1760 nián 3 yuè， jié fú xùn jìn rù zhù míng de wēi lián héng héng mǎ lì xué yuàn dú shū， shēn shòu qǐ méng sī xiǎng， tè bié shì luò kè de“ tiān fù quán lì” lùn de yǐng xiǎng。 1762 nián bì yè hòu， tā zhuān mén xué xí liǎo wǔ nián fǎ lǜ， chū sè dì tí rèn liǎo qī nián de lǜ shī。
　　1769 nián， jié fú xùn bù rù zhèng zhì wǔ tái， dāng xuǎn wéi fú jí ní yà dì fāng yì huì yì yuán。 tā zài yì huì zhōng de dì yī gè tí 'àn， jiù shì nú lì zhù zì yuàn jiě fàng nú lì de shí shī bàn fǎ。 1773 nián， tā tóng hēng lì děng rén zài fú jí ní yà zhōu zǔ zhì liǎo“ tōng xùn wěi yuán huì”， jiā qiáng yǔ gè dì gé mìng lì liàng zhī jiān de lián xì， xuān chuán běi měi zhí mín dì tuō lí yīng guó 'ér dú lì de sī xiǎng。 zài jī jí cóng shì mín zú dú lì yùn dòng de dǒu zhēng zhōng， tā zhú jiàn chéng wéi dāng shí de zuǒ yì lǐng xiù hé gǔ chuī zī chǎn jiē jí mín zhù gé mìng de hào shǒu。
　　1774 nián， jié fú xùn fā biǎo liǎo zhù míng de《 yīng shǔ měi zhōu quán lì kǎi shù》 yī wén， jiē lù yīng guó guó wáng zài zhí mín dì shí xíng de zhǒng zhǒng gāo yā zhèng cè， fǒu rèn tā men de zhí mín quán lì。 tā zài cǐ fā zhǎn liǎo“ zhù quán zài mín” de xué shuō， tí chū liǎo zhèng fǔ de yī qiē quán lì shì rén mín gěi de， rén mín yòu quán jìn xíng gé mìng， yǐ fǎn duì bào jūn de yuán zé。 zhè piān wén zhāng yǐn qǐ liǎo jí dà de fǎn xiǎng， yī xiē yīng guó jìn bù rén shì jiāng wén zhāng fān yìn chéng cè， zài lún dūn guǎng wéi sàn fā。 xǔ duō yīng guó yì yuán hái yǐn yòng qí zhōng de lùn jù， pēng jī yīng guó zhèng fǔ de gāo yā zhèng cè， shǐ yīng guó zhèng fǔ shí fēn bèi dòng， jié fú xùn yīn cǐ bèi yīng guó zhèng fǔ liè rù liǎo“ hēi míng dān”。
　　1775 nián 4 yuè， liè kè xīng dūn mín bīng dǎ xiǎng liǎo běi měi dú lì zhàn zhēng de dì yī qiāng。 tóng nián 5 yuè， 33 suì de jié fú xùn jīng guò cháng tú bá shè lái dào fèi chéng， dài biǎo fú jí ní yà cān jiā dì 'èr jiè dà lù huì yì。 cǐ shí， dà lù huì yì yǐ chéng wéi lǐng dǎo běi měi zhí mín dì dú lì zhàn zhēng de“ lín shí zhèng fǔ”。 dà huì jué dìng běi měi zhí mín dì tuō lí yīng guó 'ér dú lì， bìng zhǐ dìng jié fú xùn、 fù lán kè lín děng wǔ rén qǐ cǎo běi měi dú lì de xuān yán。 jīng guò shāng dìng， xuān yán qǐ cǎo wěi yuán huì jué dìng jiāng zhè xiàng zhòng yào gōng zuò， wěi tuō gěi cháng yú xiě zuò、 yòu nián fù lì qiáng de jié fú xùn。
　　 cóng 1776 nián 6 yuè 11 rì dào 28 rì， jié fú xùn mǎn huái jī qíng， bǎ zì jǐ guān zài xià tà de 'èr céng lóu shàng， xiě chū liǎo《 dú lì xuān yán 》 chū gǎo， bìng tí jiāo dà huì tǎo lùn。 jīng guò liǎng tiān bàn zhú zì zhú jù de tǎo lùn hé xiū gǎi， zuì hòu yú 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 rì tōng guò。 měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó cóng cǐ zhèng shì dàn shēng。
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 yǐ bàng bó de qì shì、 liú chàng de bǐ diào， gài kuò liǎo yīng fǎ mín zhù zhù yì sī xiǎng jiā tí chū de zhèng zhì lǐ lùn hé gé mìng yuán zé。 tā zhuāng yán dì xiàng shì jiè xuān bù： rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng， měi réndōu yòu shēng cún、 zì yóu hé móu qiú xìng fú de quán lì； wèile bǎo zhàng zhè xiē quán lì， rén men cái jiàn lì zhèng fǔ； rèn hé xíng shì de zhèng fǔ rú guǒ pò huài zhè gè mùdì， nà me rén mín biàn yòu quán gǎi biàn tā huò fèi chú tā， ér jiàn lì xīn zhèng fǔ。 zhè yàng jiù wéi běi měi dú lì tí gōng liǎo lǐ lùn wǔ qì。
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 zài kòng sù liǎo yīng guó guó wáng de zhǒng zhǒng bào xíng hòu， yǐ měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó rén mín de míng yì， zhuāng yán xuān gào， jiě chú duì yú yīng wáng de yī qiē lì shǔ guān xì， wán quán fèi zhǐ yǔ dà bù liè diān wáng guó zhī jiān de yī qiē zhèng zhì lián xì， cóng 'ér xuān gào liǎo měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó de chéng lì。
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》 shì yī piān zhòng yào de zī chǎn jiē jí gé mìng wén xiàn。 tā zài lì shǐ shàng dì yī cì yǐ gāng lǐng de xíng shì xuān gào liǎo rén mín zhù quán de yuán zé。 mǎ kè sī gāo dù píng jià liǎo zhè piān yáng yì zhe gé mìng rè qíng de xuān yán， chēng tā shì“ dì yī gè rén quán xuān yán”，“ tuī dòng liǎo 'ōu zhōu gé mìng。” běi měi zhí jí dì rén mín zài《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de qí zhì xià， tuán jié qǐ lái， zuì zhōng qǔ dé liǎo dú lì zhàn zhēng de shèng lì。
　　 měi guó dú lì hòu， jié fú xùn chéng wéi zhèng zhì wǔ tái shàng de huó yuè rén wù。 xiān hòu dān rèn zhàn shí zhōu cháng hé měi guó zhù fǎ guó de quán quán gōng shǐ。 1789 nián lián bāng zhèng fǔ chéng lì hòu， tā bèi rèn mìng wéi měi guó guó wù qīng。 1800 nián dāng xuǎn wéi měi guó dì sān jiè zǒng tǒng。 1803 nián， tā yǐ 1500 wàn měi yuán de dī jià， cóng ná pò lún shǒu zhōng gòu dé liǎo lù yì sī 'ān nà， shǐ měi guó lǐng tǔ jīhū zēng jiā liǎo yī bèi， tā hái cǎi yòng gè zhǒng cuò shī huó yuè zhè gè xīn shēng guó jiā de mín zhù qì fēn， cù jìn zī běn zhù yì jīng jì de fā zhǎn。
　　1809 nián， jié fú xùn lián rèn liǎng jiè zǒng tǒng qī mǎn hòu， huí dào jiā xiāng。 tā bǎ zì jǐ de wǎn nián， quán bù xiàn gěi liǎo měi guó de jiào yù shì yè。 tā qīn shǒu zhì dìng liǎo dà、 zhōng、 xiǎo sān jí jiào yù zhì dù， què lì liǎo měi guó qiú mín jiào yù de guī fàn。 tā tè bié zhù zhāng yùn yòng jiào yù shǒu duàn， péi yǎng dé cái jiān bèi de“ zì rán guì zú”， yòng yǐ qū bié“ rén wéi de guì zú”。
　　1818 nián， nián guò qī xún de jié fú xùn， kāi shǐ wéi chuàng jiàn fú jí ní yà dà xué 'ér sì chù bēn bō， bǎ zì jǐ shēng mìng de zuì hòu jǐ nián shí guāng quán bù xiàn gěi liǎo jiàn xiào gōng zuò。 tā qí mǎ kān chá xiào zhǐ， cóng zhěng gè xiào zhǐ de shè jì、 shī gōng， dào zhāo shēng kāi xué， pìn qǐng zhī míng xué zhě， tā wú yī bù qīn zì guò wèn， fù chū liǎo jù dà de láo dòng， zhōng yú shǐ xué xiào zài tā qù shì de qián yī nián jiàn chéng。
　　 jié fú xùn de yī shēng shí fēn jiǎn pǔ， zài tā dān rèn zǒng tǒng qī jiān， bái gōng měi tiān zǎo chén dōuduì wài kāi fàng， lái fǎng zhě kě zì yóu chū rù。 tā rèn wéi zhǐ yòu zhè yàng， cái néng yǒng yuǎn bù yuǎn lí qún zhòng， bǎo chí mín zhù zuò fēng。 jié fú xùn yī shēng zhuī qiú zì yóu hé mín zhù， tòng hèn fēng jiàn bào jūn。 zài tā de yī méi tú zhāng shàng， kè yòu zhè yàng de gé yán： fǎn kàng bào jūn， jiù shì fú cóng shàng dì。 yīn cǐ， zài měi guó rén mín de xīn mù zhōng， jié fú xùn shì yǔ huá shèng dùn hé lín kěn qí míng de sān dà wěi rén zhī yī。
　　1826 nián 7 yuè 4 rì， yě jiù shì《 dú lì xuān yán 》 fā biǎo 50 zhōu nián de rì zǐ， 83 suì de jié fú xùn yǔ shì cháng cí。 jié fú xùn yī shēng de shì yè， wán quán kě yǐ yòng tā zì jǐ shēng qián xiě hǎo de mù bēi bēi wén lái gài kuò：
　　 zài zhè xià miàn mái zàng de shì
　　 tuō mǎ sī · jié fú xùn
　　 zhù yòu
　　《 dú lì xuān yán 》
　　《 fú jí ní yà zōng jiào zì yóu fǎ guī》
　　 tā hái shì
　　 fú jí ní yà dà xué zhī fù
měi guó《 dú lì xuān yán 》 zhōng yīng wén duì zhào
　　　 The Declaration of Independence
　　　　 IN CONGRESS， JULY 4， 1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
　　　　 When in the course of human events， it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another， and to assume among the powers of the earth， the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature ’ s God entitle them， a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
　　　　 We hold these truths to be self-evident， that all men are created equal， that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights， that they are among these are life， liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights， governments are instituted among them， deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends， it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it， and to institute new government， laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form， as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence， indeed， will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes； and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer， while evils are sufferable， than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations， pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism， it is their right， it is their duty， to throw off such government， and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies； and such is now the necessity， which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations， all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this， let facts be submitted to a candid world.
　　　　 He has refused his assent to laws， the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance， unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained； and when so suspended， he has utterly neglected to attend them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people， unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature， a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual， uncomfortable， and distant from the depository of their public records， for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.]
　　　　 He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly， for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time， after such dissolution， to cause others to be elected； whereby the legislative powers， incapable of annihilation， have returned to the people at large for their exercise； the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states； for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners； refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither， and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice， by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone， for the tenure of their office， and the amount and payment of their salary. He has erected a multitude of new officers， and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people， and eat out our substances. He has kept among us， in times of peace， standing armies without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution， and unacknowledged by our laws； giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation. For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us；
　　　　 For protecting them， by a mock trial， from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States. For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world；
　　　　 For imposing taxes on us without our consent；
　　　　 For depriving us in many cases， of the benefits of trial by jury；
　　　　 For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses；
　　　　 For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province， establishing therein an arbitrary government， and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies；
　　　　 For taking away our Charters， abolishing our most valuable laws， and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments；
　　　　 For suspending our own Legislatures， and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here， by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas， ravaged our coasts， burnt our towns， and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death， desolation and tyranny， already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages， and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country， to become the executioners of their friends and brethren， or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us， and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers， the merciless Indian savages， whose known rule of warfare， is an undistinguished destruction of all ages， sexes， and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms： our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity， and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation， which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must， therefore， acquiesce in the necessity， which denounces our separation， and hold them.， as we hold the rest of mankind， enemies in war， in peace friends. We， therefore， the Representatives of the United States of America， in General Congress assembled， appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions， do， in the name， and by authority of the good people of these Colonies， solemnly publish and declare， That these United States Colonies and Independent States； that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown， and that all political connection between them and the State， they have full power to levy war， conclude peace， contract alliances， establish commerce， and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration， with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence， we mutually pledge to each other our lives， our fortunes， and our sacred honor.
　　　　 zài rén lèi shì wù fā zhǎn de guò chéng zhōng， dāng yī gè mín zú bì xū jiě chú tóng lìng yī gè mín zú de lián xì， bìng 'àn zhào zì rán fǎ zé hé shàng dì de zhǐ yì， yǐ dú lì píng děng de shēn fèn lì yú shì jiè liè guó zhī lín shí， chū yú duì rén lèi yú lùn de zūn zhòng， bì xū bǎ qū shǐ tā men dú lì de yuán yīn yú yǐ xuān bù。
　　　　 wǒ men rèn wéi xià shù zhēn lǐ shì bù yán 'ér yù de： rén rén shēng 'ér píng děng， zào wù zhù fù yú tā men ruò gān bù kě ràng yǔ de quán lì， qí zhōng bāo kuò shēng cún quán、 zì yóu quán hé zhuī qiú xìng fú de quán lì。 wèile bǎo zhàng zhè xiē quán lì， rén men cái zài tā men zhōng jiān jiàn lì zhèng fǔ， ér zhèng fǔ de zhèng dāng quán lì， zé shì jīng bèi tǒng zhì zhě tóng yì shòu yú de。 rèn hé xíng shì de zhèng fǔ yī dàn duì zhè xiē mù biāo de shí xiàn qǐ pò huài zuò yòng shí， rén mín biàn yòu quán yú yǐ gēnghuàn huò fèi chú， yǐ jiàn lì yī gè xīn de zhèng fǔ。 xīn zhèng fǔ suǒ yǐ jù de yuán zé hé zǔ zhì qí quán lì de fāng shì， wù shǐ rén mín rèn wéi wéi yòu zhè yàng cái zuì yòu kě néng shǐ tā men huò dé 'ān quán hé xìng fú。 ruò zhēn yào shěn shèn de lái shuō， chéng lì duō nián de zhèng fǔ shì bù yīngdāng yóu yú wú guān jǐn yào de hé yī shí de yuán yīn 'ér yú yǐ gēnghuàn de。 guò qù de yī qiē jīng yàn dōushuō míng， rèn hé kǔ nán， zhǐ yào shàng néng rěn shòu， rén lèi hái shì qíng yuàn rěn shòu， yě bù xiǎng wéi shēn yuān 'ér fèi chú tā men jiǔ yǐ xí guàn liǎo de zhèng fǔ xíng shì。 rán 'ér， dāng shǐ zhōng zhuī qiú tóng yī mù biāo de yī xì liè làn yòng zhí quán hé qiáng qǔ háo duó de xíng wéi biǎo míng zhèng fǔ qǐ tú bǎ rén mín zhì yú zhuān zhì bào zhèng zhī xià shí， rén mín jiù yòu quán yě yòu yì wù qù tuī fān zhè yàng de zhèng fǔ， bìng wéi qí wèi lái de 'ān quán tí gōng xīn de bǎo zhàng。 zhè jiù shì zhè xiē zhí mín dì guò qù rěn shòu kǔ nán de jīng guò， yě shì tā men xiàn zài bù dé bù gǎi biàn zhèng fǔ zhì dù de yuán yīn。 dāng jīn dà bù liè diān wáng guó de lì shǐ， jiù shì lǚ lǚ shāng hài hé lüè duó zhè xiē zhí mín dì de lì shǐ， qí zhí jiē mù biāo jiù shì yào zài gè zhōu zhī shàng jiàn lì yī gè dú cái bào zhèng。 wèile zhèng míng shàng shù jù jù shǔ shí， xiàn jiāng shì shí gōng zhū yú shì， ràng gōng zhèng de shì rén zuò chū píng pàn。
　　　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn duì gōng zhòng lì yì zuì yòu yì、 zuì bì xū de fǎ lǜ。
　　　　 tā jìn zhǐ tā de zhí mín zǒng dū pī zhǔn kè bù róng huǎn、 jí duān zhòng yào de fǎ lǜ， yào bù jiù xiān xíng gē zhì zhè xiē fǎ lǜ zhí zhì zhēng dé tā de tóng yì， ér zhè xiē fǎ lǜ bèi gē zhì yǐ hòu， tā yòu wán quán zhì zhī bù lǐ。
　　　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn biàn lì dà dì qū rén mín de qí tā de fǎ lǜ， chú fēi zhè xiē dì qū de rén mín qíng yuàn fàng qì zì jǐ zài zì jǐ zài lì fǎ jī gòu zhōng de dài biǎo quán； ér dài biǎo quán duì rén mín shì wú bǐ zhēn guì de， zhǐ yòu bào jūn cái wèi jù tā。
　　　　 tā bǎ gè zhōu de lì fǎ wěi yuán zhào jí dào yī gè yì hū xún cháng、 jí bù shū shì 'ér yòu yuǎn lí tā men de dàng 'àn kù de dì fāng qù kāi huì， qí mùdì wú fēi shì shǐ tā men pí bèi bù kān， bèi pò jiù fàn。
　　　　 tā yī zài jiě sàn gè zhōu de zhòng yì yuàn， yīn wéi hòu zhě jiān jué fǎn duì tā qīn fàn rén mín de quán lì。
　　　　 tā zài jiě sàn zhòng yì yuàn zhī hòu， yòu cháng qī jù jué lìng xuǎn tā rén， yú shì zhè xiàng bù kě bō duó de lì fǎ quán biàn guī yóu pǔ tōng rén mín lái xíng shǐ， zhì shǐ zài zhè qí jiān gè zhōu réng chǔyú wài dí rù qīn hé nèi bù sāo luàn de zhǒng zhǒng wēi xiǎn zhī zhōng。
　　　　 tā lì tú zǔ zhǐ gè zhōu zēng jiā rén kǒu， wèicǐ mùdì， tā zǔ náo wài guó rén rù jí fǎ de tōng guò， jù jué pī zhǔn qí tā gǔ lì yí mín de fǎ lǜ， bìng tí gāo fēn pèi xīn tǔ dì de tiáo jiàn。
　　　　 tā jù jué pī zhǔn jiàn lì sī fǎ quán lì de fǎ lǜ， yǐ zǔ náo sī fǎ de zhí xíng。
　　　　 tā pò shǐ fǎ guān wèile bǎo zhù rèn qī、 xīn jīn de shù 'é hé zhī fù 'ér zhì yú tā gè rén yì zhì de zhī pèi zhī xià。
　　　　 tā làn shè xīn guān shǔ， wěi pài dà pī guān yuán dào zhè lǐ sāo rǎo wǒ men de rén mín， tūn shì tā men de cái wù。
　　　　 tā zài hé píng shí qī， wèi jīng wǒ men lì fǎ jī gòu tóng yì， jiù zài wǒ men zhōng jiān wéi chí qí cháng bèi jūn。
　　　　 tā shī jiā yǐng xiǎng， shǐ jūn duì dú lì yú wén guān zhèng quán zhī wài， bìng líng jià yú wén guān zhèng quán zhī shàng。
　　　　 tā tóng tā rén gòu jié， bǎ wǒ men zhì yú yī zhǒng jì bù fú hé wǒ men de fǎ guī yě wèi jīng wǒ men fǎ lǜ chéng rèn de guǎn xiá zhī xià， ér qiě hái pī zhǔn tā men páozhì de gè zhǒng wěi fǎ 'àn， yǐ biàn rèn qí zài wǒ men zhōng jiān zhù zhā dà pī wǔ zhuāng bù duì； bù lùn zhè xiē rén duì wǒ men gè zhōu jū mín fàn xià hé děng yán zhòng de móu shā zuì， tā kě yòng jiā shěn pàn lái bì hù tā men， ràng tā men xiāo yáo fǎ wài； tā kě yǐ qiē duàn wǒ men tóng shì jiè gè dì de mào yì； wèi jīng wǒ men tóng yì biàn xiàng wǒ men qiáng xíng zhēng shuì； zài xǔ duō 'àn jiàn zhōng bō duó wǒ men xiǎng yòu péi shěn zhì de quán yì； yǐ mò xū yòu de zuì míng bǎ wǒ men yā sòng hǎi wài shòu shěn； tā zài yī gè lín shěng fèi chú liǎo yīng guó fǎ lǜ de zì yóu zhì dù， zài nà lǐ jiàn lì zhuān zhì zhèng fǔ， kuò dà qí jiāng yù， shǐ qí lì jí chéng wéi yī gè yàng bǎn hé hé shì de gōng jù， yǐ biàn xiàng zhè lǐ gè zhí mín dì tuī xíng tóng yàng de zhuān zhì tǒng zhì； tā qǔ xiāo wǒ men de xǔ duō tè xǔ zhuàng， fèi chú wǒ men zuì zhēn guì de fǎ lǜ bìng cóng gēn běn shàng gǎi biàn wǒ men gè zhōu zhèng fǔ de xíng shì； tā zhōng zhǐ wǒ men lì fǎ jī gòu xíng shǐ quán lì， xuān chēng tā men zì jǐ yōng yòu zài rèn hé qíng kuàng xià wèiwǒ men zhì dìng fǎ lǜ de quán lì。
　　　　 tā men fàng qì shè zài zhè lǐ de zhèng fǔ， xuān chēng wǒ men yǐ bù shǔ tā men bǎo hù zhī liè， bìng xiàng wǒ men fā dòng zhàn zhēng。
　　　　 tā zài wǒ men de hǎi yù lǐ dà sì lüè duó， róu lìn wǒ men de yán hǎi dì qū， shāo huǐ wǒ men de chéng zhèn， cán hài wǒ men rén mín de shēng mìng。
　　　　 tā cǐ shí zhèng zài yùn sòng dà pī wài guó gù yōng bīng， lái cóng shì qí zhì zào sǐ wáng、 huāng liáng hé bào zhèng de gòu dāng， qí cán rěn yǔ bēi liè cóng yī kāi shǐ jiù lián zuì yě mán de shí dài yě nán yǐ xiāng bǐ， tā yǐ wán quán bù pèi dāng yī gè wén míng guó jiā de yuán shǒu。
　　　　 tā qiǎngpò wǒ men zài gōng hǎi bèi tā men fú lǔ de tóng bāo ná qǐ wǔ qì fǎn duì zì jǐ de guó jiā， shǐ tā men chéng wéi cán shā zì jǐ qīn yǒu de guì zǐ shǒu， huò shǐ tā men sǐ yú zì jǐ qīn yǒu de shǒu xià。
　　　　 tā zài wǒ men zhōng jiān shān dòng nèi luàn， bìng jié lì tiǎo suō cán kù wú qíng de yìn dì 'ān mán zǐ lái duì fù wǒ men biān jiāng de jū mín， ér zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī， yìn dì 'ān rén zuò zhàn de zhǔn zé shì bù fēn nán nǚ lǎo yòu、 shì fēi qū zhí， gé shā wù lùn。
　　　　 zài zāo shòu zhè xiē yā pò de měi yī jiē duàn， wǒ men dū céng yǐ zuì qiān bēi de yán cí xū qǐng yú yǐ jiū zhèng。 ér wǒ men yī cì yòu yī cì de qíng yuàn， què zhǐ shì bèi bào yǐ yī cì yòu yī cì de shāng hài。
　　　　 yī gè jūn zhù， qí pǐn gé bèi tā de měi yī gè zhǐ yòu bào jūn cái gān de chū de xíng wéi suǒ bào lù shí， jiù bù pèi jūn lín zì yóu de rén mín。
　　　　 wǒ men bìng bù shì méi yòu xiǎng dào wǒ men yīng guó de dì xiōng。 tā men de lì fǎ jī guān xiǎng bǎ wú lǐ de guǎn xiá quán kuò zhǎn dào wǒ men zhè lǐ lái， wǒ men shí cháng bǎ zhè gè qǐ tú tōng zhī tā men。 wǒ men yě céng bǎ wǒ men yí mín lái zhè lǐ hé zài zhè lǐ dìng jū de qíng kuàng gào sù tā men。 wǒ men céng kěn qiú tā men tiān shēng de zhèng yì gǎn hé yǎ liàng， niàn zài tóng zhǒng tóng zōng de fēn shàng， qì jué zhè xiē lüè duó xíng wéi， yīn wéi zhè xiē lüè duó xíng wéi nán miǎn huì shǐ wǒ men zhī jiān de guān xì hé lái wǎng zhōng duàn。 kě tā men duì zhè zhǒng zhèng yì hé tóng zōng de hū shēng yě tóng yàng chōng 'ěr bù wén。 yīn cǐ， wǒ men bù dé bù xuān bù tuō lí tā men， yǐ duì dài shì jiè shàng qí tā mín zú de tài dù duì dài tā men： tóng wǒ jiāo zhàn zhě， jiù shì dí rén； tóng wǒ hé hǎo zhě， jí wéi péng yǒu。
　　　　 yīn cǐ wǒ men zhè xiē zài dà lù huì yì shàng jí huì de měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó de dài biǎo men， yǐ gè zhí mín dì shàn liáng rén mín de míng yì， bìng jīng tā men shòu quán， xiàng shì jiè zuì gāo cái pàn zhě shēn sù， shuō míng wǒ men de yán zhòng yì xiàng， tóng shí zhèng zhòng xuān bù：
　　　　 wǒ men zhè xiē lián hé qǐ lái de zhí mín dì xiàn zài shì， ér qiě 'àn gōng lǐ yě yīnggāi shì， dú lì zì yóu de guó jiā； wǒ men duì yīng guó wáng shì xiào zhōng de quán bù yì wù， wǒ men yǔ dà bù liè diān wáng guó zhī jiān dà bù liè diān yī qiē zhèng zhì lián xì quán bù duàn jué， ér qiě bì xū duàn jué。
　　　　 zuò wéi yī gè dú lì zì yóu de guó jiā， wǒ men wán quán yòu quán xuān zhàn、 dì hé、 jié méng、 tōng shāng hé cǎi qǔ dú lì guó jiā yòu quán cǎi qǔ de yī qiē xíng dòng。
　　　　 wǒ men jiān dìng dì xìn lài shén míng shàng dì de bǎo yòu， tóng shí yǐ wǒ men de shēng mìng、 cái chǎn hé shén shèng de míng yù bǐ cǐ xuān shì lái zhī chí zhè yī xuān yán。
　　　　 〔 shuō míng 〕
　　　　 jié fěi xùn qǐ cǎo liǎo《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de dì yī gǎo， fù lán kè lín děng rén yòu jìn xíng liǎo rùn sè。 dà lù huì yì duì cǐ gǎo yòu jìn xíng liǎo cháng shí jiān de、 jī liè de biàn lùn， zuì zhōng zuò chū liǎo zhòng dà de xiū gǎi。 tè bié shì zài zuǒ zhì yà hé kǎ luó lái nà dài biǎo men de jiān chí xià， shān qù liǎo jié fěi xùn duì yīng wáng qiáo zhì sān shì yǔn xǔ zài zhí mín dì bǎo chí nú lì zhì hé nú lì mǎi mài de yòu lì qiǎn zé。 zhè yī bù fēn de yuán wén shì zhè yàng de：
　　　　 tā de rén xìng běn shēn fā dòng liǎo cán kù de zhàn zhēng， qīn fàn liǎo yī gè cóng wèi mào fàn guò tā de yuǎn fāng mín zú de zuì shén shèng de shēng cún quán hé zì yóu quán； tā yòu piàn tā men， bìng bǎ tā men yùn wǎng lìng yī bàn qiú chōng dāng nú lì， huò shǐ tā men cǎn sǐ zài yùn sòng tú zhōng。
　　　　 tuō mǎ sī。 jié fěi xùn（ 1743-1826）， shēng yú fú jí ní yà de yī gè fù yù jiā tíng。 céng jiù dú yú wēi lián - mǎ lì xué yuàn。 1767 nián chéng wéi lǜ shī， 1769 nián dāng xuǎn wéi fú jí ní yà xià yuàn yì yuàn。 tā jī jí tóu shēn yú dú lì yùn dòng zhī zhōng， bìng dài biǎo fú jí ní yà chū xí dà lù huì yì。 tā céng liǎng cì dāng xuǎn fú jí ní yà zhōu cháng。 1800 nián dāng xuǎn měi guó zǒng tǒng。
　　　　 jié fěi xùn zài wéi zì jǐ de mù bēi 'ér zuò de mù zhì míng zhōng zhè yàng xiě dào：
　　　　 zhè lǐ mái zàng zhe tuō mǎ sī。 jié fěi xùn， měi guó《 dú lì xuān yán 》 de zuò zhě， fú jí ní yà zōng jiào zì yóu fǎ guī de zhì dìng zhě hé fú jí ní yà dà xué zhī fù。
yīngwénjièshì
  1. n.:  postnatus,  the D-of Independence,  Declaration of Independence
xiàngguāncí
lì shǐ shì jiàn 70 nián dài 18 shì jì mǎ sà zhū sài zhōu zhōu cháng měi guó rén měi guó zhèng yào měi guó gé mìng jiā bā lè sī tǎn
ā lā fǎ tè ā lā bó mín zhù zì yóu
bāo hán cí
bù dú lì xuān yánér zǐ de dú lì xuān yánbā lè sī tǎn dú lì xuān yán
sài bǎi kōng jiān dú lì xuān yánměi guó dú lì xuān yán shǔ míng rénjǐyǔ zhí mín dì guó jiā hé rén mín dú lì xuān yán