guó jiā : dōng > běn
xiǎnshìdìtú
mùlù
guódù
日本
日本
日本
日本
日本
日本
  guó míng shì chū zhī guó
   chēngyīng huā zhī guó
   guó zhāng ), chéng cháng fāng xíngcháng kuān zhī wéi 3 2。 miàn wéi bái bái xiàng zhēng zhèng zhí chún jiéhóng xiàng zhēng zhēn chéng chén běn guó chū zhī guó běn guó chēng zuòtài yáng miàn shàng lún hóng zhōnghuī yìng zhe bái de miànchuán shuō běn shì tài yáng shén chuàng zào deér tiān huáng jiù shì tài yáng shén de sūn
   guó huīyuán xíng huì yòu 16 bàn huáng de huā bàn
   guó :《 jūn zhī dài
   guó huāyīng huā
   guó niǎo zhì
   guó shíxiǎo jīng
   xiàn rèn tiān huángmíng rénnián hào píng chéng ) 2008 nián wéi píng chéng 20 nián běn rén yòu fēn rén yòng tiān huáng nián hào nián de guàn
   huáng hòuměi zhì hūn qián míngzhèng tián měi zhì běn yòu hūn hòu wéi xìng de guàndàn duō wéi xìng gǎi wéi xìng
   nèi zǒng chénshǒuxiàng): tián kāng
   běn guó 1956 nián 12 yuè 18 jiā lián guó
  
   jiù míng
   guó(《 shān hǎi jīng shǔ yàn dài dài chēng)、 dōng yángdōng yíng)、 sāng
   rén kǒu
  1.2777 rénjié zhì běn zǒng shěng 2008 nián 1 yuè 1 ), zhōng nán xìng wéi 6233 wàn rén xìng wéi 6542 wàn rén běn chū xiàn yán zhòng shǎozǐhuà lǎo líng huà xiàn xiàng běn 65 suì shàng lǎo nián rén kǒu zhàn běn zǒng rén kǒu 21%。
  
   mín zōng jiào
   zhù yào mín wéi běi hǎi dào yuē yòu 2.4 wàn 'ā réntōng yòng běi hǎi dào yòu shǎo liàng rén huì 'ā zhù yào zōng jiào wéi shén dào jiào jiàoxìn yǎng rén kǒu fēn bié zhàn zōng jiào rén kǒu de 49.6 44.8%。
  
   shǒu
   dōng jīngうきょう)( Tokyo), rén kǒu yuē 1229 wànjié zhì 2003 nián 2 yuè)。 dōng jīng wéi běn zuì de chéng shì yuè píng jūn wēn 3 yuè wēn wéi 25℃。
  
   guó míng yóu lái
   běn yuán lái bìng jiào běnzài dài běn shén huà zhōng běn rén chēng wéi zhōu”“ dǎo guóděnghàn shū》《 hòu hàn shūjìzǎi , guó dài chēng běn wéihuò guó”。 gōng yuán shì běn tǒng hòuguó míng dìng wéi ”。 yīn wéi dài běn rén chóng shàng tài yáng shénsuǒ jiāng tài yáng shì wéi běn guó de téngxiāng chuán zài shì chū běn de shèng tài zài zhì suí yáng de guó shū zhōng xiě dào:“ chū chù tài zhì luò chù tài ”, zhè jiù shì běn guó míng de chú xíngzhí dào shì hòu bàn běn qiǎn táng shǐ jiāng guó míng gǎi wéi běn ”, wéitài yáng shēng de fāng”, hòu yán yòngchéng wéi běn de zhèng shì guó míng。《 xīn táng shū · běn chuánzhōng yòu jìzǎixián hēng yuán nián( 670 nián), guó qiǎn shǐ táng shí guó shāo xià yánè mínggēnghào běnshǐ zhě yányīn jìn chū wéi míng。” wàizài hàn zhōng,“ sāng”“ dōng yíng shì běn guó míng de bié chēng
   dǎo yùn dòng
  19 shì zhōng de běn chǔyú chuān de tǒng zhì zhī xiàshì fēng jiàn nóng guó jiā。 1853 niánměi guó jūn jiàn lái dào běnqiǎngpò běnkāi guó”。 hòuměi guó guó jiā xiān hòu běn qiān dìng liǎo píng děng tiáo yuēmiàn duì mín wēi běn guó nèi bào liǎo tuī fān tǒng zhì de yùn dòngbìng 1868 nián jiàn liǎo gǎi pài de xīn zhèng quánnián hào míng zhì
   qiú duì xiáng
   niǎo
  
  
  
  【 gài shù
  
  
  1、 wèi zhì
   běn wèi 'ōu dōng duānshì miàn lín hǎi de dǎo guó dōng běi xiàng nán chéng zhuàng yán shēndōng nán wéi wàng de tài píng yáng lín běn hǎidōng hǎiběi jiē 'è huò hǎi hǎi fēn bié cháo xiānzhōng guóé luó fěi bīn děng guó xiāng wàng
  
  2、 miàn huàfēn
   gēn 1998 nián de zuì xīn cèliángbāo kuò běi fāng dǎo zhuō dǎoguó hòu dǎo dān dǎochǐ qún dǎozài nèi běn guó zǒng miàn 377880 píng fāng gōng yuē xiāng dāng 'é luó de 1 45, zhōng guó měi guó de 1/ 25。 běn de guó yóu běi hǎi dàoběn zhōujiǔ zhōu guó 4 dǎo 6848 xiǎo dǎo chéngdōng kuān 300 gōng nán běi cháng 3500 gōng běn de guó guàn shàng běi xiàng nán fēn wéi běi hǎi dàodōng běiguān dōngzhōng jìn zhōng guó guójiǔ zhōu děng 8 shì xíng zhèng shàng de huàfēnlǐng hǎi miàn 310000 píng fāng gōng 'é luó cún zàiběi fāng dǎo”( é fāng míng wéinán qiān dǎo qún dǎo”) lǐng zhēng duān hán guó cún zài zhú dǎohán fāng míng wéi dǎo”) lǐng zhēng duān
  
  3、 xíng shì
   běn jìng nèi duō shānshān chéng zhuàng fēn běn de zhōng yāngjiāng běn de guó fēn wéi tài píng yáng běn hǎi , shān qiū líng zhàn zǒng miàn de 71%。 běn wèi tài píng yáng huǒ shān zhèn dài shànghuǒ shān huó dòng pín fángěi dāng rén men de shēng huó dài lái liǎo hěn fánquán guó yòu 160 duō zuò huǒ shān zhōng 50 duō zuò shì huó huǒ shānwéi shì jiè shàng yòu míng de zhèn shì shān shì quán guó de zuì gāo fēnghǎi 3776 zài huǒ shān fēn jǐng yōu měiwēn quán yuán fēng chéng wéi zhù míng de guān guāng liáo yǎng
  
  4、 liúpíng yuánhúpō
   běn de liú duō yuán zhōng shān xiàng dōng liǎng liú tài píng yáng běn hǎiyóu běn dōng xiá zhǎijiā zhī shān shì dǒu qiào liú duō duǎn 'ér zài méi tái fēng jiéshuǐ liàng zēng róng xíng chéng hóng shuǐwèicǐ běn xiū zhù liǎo liàng de fáng shuǐ yòng fáng hóng shuǐ guǎng fàn yòng shēng huó yòng shuǐnóng gōng yòng shuǐshuǐ diàn běn de píng yuán zhù yào fēn zài liú de xià yóu jìn hǎi dàiduō wéi chōng píng yuánguī jiào xiǎojiào de píng yuán yòu guān dōng píng yuánshí shòu píng yuányuè hòu píng yuánnóng wěi píng yuánshí shèng píng yuán děng
   zuì de húpō shì miàn 672.8 píng fāng gōng
  
  5、 hǎi 'àn xiàn hǎi yáng
   běn hǎi 'àn xiàn quán cháng 33889 gōng yóu běn shì dǎo guóyīn hǎi 'àn xiàn shí fēn běn hǎi duō xuán qiào gǎng kǒu shǎodōng tài píng yáng duō hǎi kǒuxíng chéng duō tiān rán liáng gǎng
   zài dōng tài píng yáng nán xiàng běi jūn bèi běn nuǎn liúhēi cháohuán ràodōng běi xíng chéng qiān dǎo hán liúqīn cháo), běn hǎi shì duì nuǎn liú màn hán liúzài hán liú nuǎn liú jiāo huì chù lèi yuán fēng chéng wéi tiān rán chǎngyóu chù hǎi yáng de bāo wéi zhī zhōngshǔ wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng fēng hòuzhōng nián wēn shī rùndōng yán hánxià shǔxià qiū liǎng duō tái fēng, 6 yuè fèn duō méi 。 1 yuè píng jūn wēn běi 6℃, nán 16℃; 7 yuè běi 17℃, nán 28℃。 nián jiàng shuǐ liàng 700 héng 3500 háo zuì gāo 4000 háo shàngjìn nián , dǎo zhì hǎi shuǐ shēng wēn de 'è 'ěr nuò xiàn xiàng duì běn chǎn shēng yǐng xiǎngzhù yào shì méi chí shí jiān yán chángróng xíng chéng lěng xià nuǎn dōng
  
  6、 mào zhì
   cóng bǎn kuài gòu zào xué shuō de guān diǎn běn wèi 'ōu bǎn kuài tài píng yáng bǎn kuài de xiāo wáng biān jièwéi tài píng yáng dǎo - hǎi 'àn shān mài - hǎi gōu de fēnquán guó 68% de shì shān běn zuì gāo de shān shì zhù míng de shì shānhǎi 3,776 yóu píng yuán jiào shǎo běn hěn duō shān shàng zhòngzhí nóng zuò zuì de píng yuán wéi guān dōng píng yuán běn wèi huán tài píng yáng huǒ shān zhèn dàiquán qiú yòu shí fēn zhī de huǒ shān wèi zài běnzài quán guó shí cháng huì shēng huǒ shān huó dòngyán zhòng de zhèn měi shì huì shēng jìn nián shēng de bǎn shén zhènxīn xiàn zhōng yuè zhèn dōushì ruì shì zhèn guī 6 shàng de qiáng zhènshòu dào shì jiè guó guān zhù běn de wēn quán hěn duōbìng qiě jīng zhǎn chéng wéi yóu jǐng diǎn
  
   yóu běn de dǎo chéng běi dōng xiàng yán shēn hěn chángnán běi kuà yuè wěi yuē 20 yīn yòu duō zhǒng hòu lèi xíng hòu lèi xíng fēn shì wēn dài fēng hòunán de jiǔ zhōu dǎo guóliú qiú qún dǎoguī shǔ cún zài zhēng yòu dài fēng hòuběi de dǎo xià tiān wēn nuǎndōng tiān shí fēn màn chánghán lěnghái shí cháng yòu liàng jiàng xuěér zhōng dōng tiān jiào gān zàohěn shǎo xià xuěxià tiān cháo shī
   běn shì dǎo guóyòu shēn shòu hēi cháo yǐng xiǎnghǎi yáng xìng hòu xiǎn zhe
  
  
  【 jiǎn shǐ
  
   yuē gōng yuán 1 shì běn yòu 100 duō xiǎo guó zhōng yòu de dōng hàn jiàn liǎo wài jiāo guān )。 hòu láizhè xiē xiǎo guó zhú jiàn dào tǒng
   dào liǎo gōng yuán 4 shì zài guān fāng jiàn liǎo jiào de guó jiā shuō zuì zhōng jiāng men tǒng lái de shì dāng jīn tiān huáng jiā de xiāndāng shí běn guó de fàn wéi bāo kuò běn zhōu jiǔ zhōu běi guó
   shìjīng guò liǎo màn cháng de suì yuèguó jiā cái tǒng suǒ hěn nán duì běn guó dàn shēng díquè shí nián dài zuò chū zhǔn què de pàn dìng shì běn shū jìzǎi dài tiān huáng héng héng shén tiān huáng gōng yuán qián 660 nián jiàn guó bìng wèi wèi xiāng dāng xiàn zài de gōng 2 yuè 11 yīn jiù zhè tiān dìng wéijiàn guó niàn ”。
  
   shéng wén shí dài
   cóng hóng shì běn liè dǎo shàng jiù yòu rén lèi de xiān shēng huó běn rén zhǒng yuán xíng de xíng chéng bèi rèn wéi shì 1 wàn nián qián zhì gōng yuán qián 3 shì qián hòu de shéng wén shí dàidāng shírén men shù rén huò shí rén zhù zài shù kēng shì cǎo shòu liè lāo cǎi wéi shēnggòu chéng liǎo pín jiē chā bié de shè huì
  
   shēng shí dài
   gōng yuán qián 3 shì shuǐ dào zhòngzhí jīn shǔ shǐ yòng shù yóu cháo xiān zhuǎn jiǔ zhōu běi dào zuò shù gěi běn shè huì dài lái liǎo huàshídài de biàn huà kuò liǎo shēng chǎnchǎn shēng liǎo pín děng chā biéshǐ nóng cūn gòng tóng xiàng zhèng zhì tuán huànóng gēng dài lái de xìn yǎng fēng guàn zhú jiàn chuán kāi láixíng chéng liǎo běn wén huà de yuán xíng
  
   fēi niǎo shí dài
   gōng yuán 4 shì zhōng zhèng quán tǒng liǎo de xiǎo guósuí zhe guó jiā de tǒng qián fāng hòu yuán fén wéi dài biǎo de fén guǎng dào fāngzhè shí shì zhōng guó duō zhī shí shù chuán běn de shí 。 4 shì zhèng quán yǐn liǎo de gāo zhì wén míngdào liǎo 5 shì lái cháo xiān bàn dǎo de wài lái rénguī huà réndài lái liǎo tiě shēng chǎnzhì táofǎng zhìjīn shǔ gōng děng shùtóng shí kāi shǐ shǐ yòng zhōng guó de hàn 。 6 shì zhèng shì jiē shòu jiào jiào chuán běn
  7 shì shèng tài zhì zhèng zhì xīnbìng huà xīnwéi zhuóshǒu jiàn tiān huáng wéi zhōng xīn de zhōng yāng quán guó jiāzhè zuò fǎng xiào liǎo suítángér qiě shí gèng jiā shè wén huàzhì 9 shì xiān hòu gòng pài chū 10 duō qiǎn suí shǐ qiǎn táng shǐ
  
   nài liáng shí dài
   gōng yuán 710 nián běn dìng píng chéng jīngxiàn zài de nài liáng shì jìn jiāo), yíng lái liǎo lìng guó jiā de xīng shèng shí dàn shì shí nóng mín pín kùnyóu mín zēng jiāyóu zhuāng yuán kuò 'ér dǎo zhì gōng gōng mín zhì de shí zhì shàng de bēng kuì děngmáo dùn kāi shǐ bào chū lái
   zhè shí yóu guó jiā bǎo jiàoyīn jiào wén huà bié shì jiào měi shù kāi shǐ fán róng lái 7 shì chū kāi chuàng běn jiào wén huà de fēi niǎo wén huà; 7 shì hòu de bái fèng wén huà; 8 shì zhōng zài táng dài dǐng shèng wén huà de yǐng xiǎng xià xiě shí shǒu xiàn rén lèi fēng qíng gǎn de tiān píng wén huà děng děng
   jiào měi shù xiāng měizhè shí wén huà fāng miàn de jīn shìwàn 》。《 wàn shōu liǎo 8 shì zhōng qián yuē 400 nián jiānxià zhì shù mín shàng zhì tiān huáng suǒ zuò de yuē 4500 shǒu hègē shí fǎn yìng liǎo dài běn rén de de shēng huó qíng gǎn wàixiàn zài hái bǎo cún zhe de běn zuì lǎo de shǐ shū shì 》( 712 niánzuì chì zhuàn shǐ shū běn shū 》( 720 nián)、 zuì de hàn shī huái fēng zǎo》( 751 niánděng děngdōu shì zhè shí de wén huà chǎn
  
   píng 'ān shí dài
  8 shì běn jiāng chéng zhì píng 'ān jīngxiàn zài de jīng shì), shì chóngjiàn lìng zhìdàn yóu gōng gōng mín zhì de bēng kuìguó jiā xiàn liǎo cái zhèng kùn nán。 894 nián pài chū zuì hòu qiǎn táng shǐ hòu biàn gào zhōng zhǐjiù zài liàng shè wén huà
  10 héng 11 shì téng yuán shì lǒng duàn zhèng quán zhuāng yuán wéi jīng chǔshì zuì wéi qiáng shèngdàn shìyóu fāng zhèng zhì de hùn luàndǎo zhì zhì 'ān hùn luàn shì tuán qiáng láidào 11 shì wéi duì kàng téng yuán kāi shǐ shí xíngyuàn zhèng”( zhǐ běn píng 'ān shí dài hòu shàng huáng huáng dài tiān huáng zhí zhèng)。 shì shì jìn liǎo zhōng yāng zhèng jiè
   píng 'ān shí dài zhōng guó wén huà wéi 。 9 shì shí shòu táng cháo yǐng xiǎng jiào hàn xué fāng miàn de hóng rénzhēnguàn wén huà hái shí fēn fán róngdàn shì 10 shì hòu de zhí jiē jiāo liú duàn jué hòubiàn chǎn shēng liǎo běn de guì wén huà dài biǎo yòu chì zhuàn hègē jīn hègē 》( 10 shì chū)、 shì jiè shàng zuì lǎo de cháng piān xiǎo shuōyuán shì 》( 11 shì chū)、 suí zhěn cǎo 》( gōng yuán 1000 nián qián hòuděng děng wén zuò pǐn
  
   lián cāng shí dài
  12 shì yuán lài cháo shòu fēng dài zhēng dàjiàng jūnbìng zài lián cāng jiàn cóng dàn shēng liǎo shì zhèng quányóu chǎn shēng liǎo jiā zhèng zhì gōng jiāzhǐ cháo tíng gōng qīngguì zhèng zhì de duì 。 13 shì hòu de shì tǒng zhì kāi shǐ miàn lín kùn nánlián cāng zhú jiàn zǒu shàng miè wáng de dào
   zài wén huà fāng miàn guò de guì wén huà wéi chǔshè sòng cháo shí chuán běn de chán zōng wén huàpéi liǎo shēng dòngxiě shí de jiā wén huàzài zōng jiào fāng miànyóu ránqīn luán lián děng zhù míng sēng rén chuàng jiàn liǎo lián cāng jiàohuò liǎo jiē céng de xìn yǎng。 12 shì chuán běn de chán zōng shòu dào liǎo guān dōng shì de zhòng shì shù lǐng chū xiàn liǎo xīn de qīng xiàngwén xué fāng miàn chū xiàn liǎo yuán píng zhàn wéi bèi jǐng xiǎo shuōpíng jiā 》( yuán zuò dàn shēng 13 shì chū), shì běn dài jūn de jié chū dài biǎo
  
   shì dīng shí dài
  14 shì de qián bàn zhēng dàjiàng jūn mǎn wěn dìng liǎo jīng de shì dīng hòu, 2 duō shì nèi zài zhèng zhìwén huà fāng miàn jiādōu dǎo gōng jiāchǔyú yōu shìyóu shì dīng shì liǎo yòu míng 'ér jiàn deyīn běn shēn de tǒng zhì néng ruòyìng rén yuán nián( 1467 nián yuèyìng rén zhī luàn bào quán guó de míng fēn fēn 'ér shì dīng yáo yáo zhuì běn jìn zhàn guó shí dàizhàn guó míng chéng liǎo tǒng zhì dāng rén mín de qiáng 'ér yòu de zhèng quán
   zài wén huà fāng miàn lùn shì guì hái shì jiā de wén huà shòu dào chán zōng de yǐng xiǎng。 14 shì jīn wéi dài biǎo de běi shān wén huà 15 shì yín wéi dài biǎo de dōng shān wén huà shí fēn 。 16 shì zhōng táo rén bān rén lái dào běnchuán liǎo qiāng pào jiào shì wén huà fāng miàn chōng mǎn shēng de shí dài
  
   zhàn guó shí dàishì dīng 'ān táo shān shí dài
   yìng rén zhī luàn hòu běn míng fēn fēn jué zhàn huǒ fēn fēimín liáo shēng。 16 shì zhōng wèi jué xīn tǒng běnjié shù luàn shì de xiāo xióng chū xiàn jiù shì zhì tián xìn chángyǒng sān nián( 1560 nián), zhì tián xìn cháng zài tǒng xiá jiān liǎng qiān rén bài jīn chuān yuán wàn jūnmíng shēng zhèněr hòu zhú tǒng wěi zhāngjìn bìng zhǔn bèi jìn gōng shān yīnshān yángzài jiānxìn cháng xiū zhù liǎo shì hóng de 'ān chéngyīn xìn cháng de shí dài bèi chēng wéiān shí dài”。
   tiān zhèng shí nián( 1582 nián), běn néng zhī biàn bào xìn cháng shēn wángzhì tián zhòng chén chái xiù xiān hòu bài míng zhì guāng xiù chái tián shèng jiāquè liǎo de chéng rén wèi hòu jīng guò guó zhēng jiǔ zhōu zhēng xiǎo tián yuán zhī zhànzhú tǒng běnhòu bèi tiān huáng xìngfēng chén”, bìng shòu fēngguān bái zhífēng chén xiù de shí dài bèi chēng wéitáo shān shí dài”。
   qìng cháng sān nián( 1598 nián), fēng chén xiù zài jiàn chéng bìng shìfēng chén jiā liè fēn wéi jìn jiāng jūn wěi zhāngdōng jūnliǎng pàishēn wéi fēng chén zhèng quán lǎo zhī de chuān jiā kāng qìng cháng nián( 1600 nián dòng guān yuán zhàn bài jūnjiàn chuān zhèng quánqìng cháng nián( 1603 nián), chuān jiàn zhàn guó shí dài jié shù
  
   jiāng shí dài
   qìng cháng nián( 1603 nián), chuān jiā kāng shòu fēng zhēng dàjiàng jūnzài jiāng xiàn dōng jīngjiàn zhèng quán hòu 260 duō nián chuān jiā tǒng zhì quán guózhè duàn shí bèi chēng zuò jiāng shí dài chuān yán kòng zhì tiān huángguì yuàn shén shèbìng fèi jìn xīn tǒng zhì zhe zhī chēng fān zhì de nóng mínyuán jiǔ nián( 1623 nián), chuān jiā sān dài jiāng jūn chuān jiā guāng jiù zhíxià lìng suǒ guóchú kāi fàng cháng jiè zuò wéi duì wài gǎng kǒu wài jìn zhǐ wài guó rén lái běn jìn zhǐ běn rén yuǎn hǎi wàiyóu guān shǒu fān zhì yíng lái liǎo 'ān dìng shí dàn shì suí zhe chǎn de shāng pǐn jīng de zhǎnnóng mín zìjǐ de jīng yíng zhì bēng kuì, 18 shì fān zhì kāi shǐ dòng yáo
   shù mín wén huà shì zhè shí de 。 17 shì hòu zhì 18 shì chū de yuán wén huà shì jīng bǎn děng shàng fāng běn guān dōng fāng rén chēng jīng bǎn wéi shàng fāng wéi zhōng xīn de shì shāng rén de wén huàrén 'ǒu jìng liú shì huìwén rén huà děng chéng xiàn chū xuàn duō cǎi de shāng rén wén huà
  
   míng zhì shí dài
   jiāng tiān zāi duàn tǒng zhì bàimín liáo shēngqiě cái zhèng kùn nánshǐ fēn zhōng xià shì duì mǎntóng shí fāng běn zhù liè qiáng jiān chuán pào kòu kāi suǒ guó 200 nián de běn guó mén
   zài nèi yōu wài huàn de shuāngchóng xià běn rén zhú jiàn rèn shí dàozhǐ yòu tuī fān tǒng zhìxiàng běn zhù guó jiā xué cái shì běn qiáng zhī shì yīcháng hōng hōng liè liè de dǎo yùn dòng zhǎn kāi liǎozài zhè chǎng tuī fān tǒng zhì de yùn dòng zhōng cháng zhōu liǎng fān shì zhe zhòng de zuò yòng。 1868 nián 1 yuè 3 dài biǎo chǎn jiē xīn xīng zhù jiē de dǎo pàizài yòuwéi xīn sān jiézhī chēng de jiǔ bǎo tōng xiāng lóng shèng xiào yǔn de lǐng dǎo xiàchéng gōng dòng zhèng biàn shǐ chuān 15 dài jiāng jūn chuān qìng jiāo chū zhèng quánbìng yóu xīn wèi de míng zhì tiān huáng bān wáng zhèng zhào shūzhè jiù běn shǐ shàng demíng zhì wéi xīn”。 běn cóng zǒu shàng běn zhù dào
  1868 niánmíng zhì 'èr nián), míng zhì tiān huáng qiān jiāng bìng gǎi míng wéi dōng jīngzhī hòu cóng zhèng zhìjīng wén jiàowài jiāo děng fāng miàn jìn xíng liǎo liè zhòng de gǎi míng zhì chū běn zhòng shì qīng gōng , 19 shì 90 nián dàishēng mián huā fǎng zhì jīng wéi diǎn xíng gōng shēng quán guó chū kǒu liàng mián huā shā dài liǎo chá chū kǒu liàng jǐn shēng jiàn jiàn běn chéng liǎo shēng mián de chū kǒu guódàn xiāng duì zhào de shì běn de zhòng gōng zài shí zhǎn huǎn màn běn guó zhú jiàn qiáng hòu lái zài jiá zhōng zhàn zhēng běn fāng miàn chēng qīng zhàn zhēng”) 'é zhàn zhēng zhōng bài zhōng guó běi yáng jiàn duìquán jiān 'é guó tài píng yáng jiàn duì luó de hǎi jiàn duì běn chéng wéi guó zhù liè qiáng zhī
  
   zhèng shí dàizhāo shí dài
   míng zhì shí dài de shǐ xìng jìn xiāng zhèng tiān huáng bèi chēng wéi xìng de zhèng”。 zhèng tiān huáng zài wèi 15 nián( 1912 héng 1926 nián), zhèng hái míng zhìér qiě shēng wéi nǎo bìng suǒ kùnzuì hòu bèi ràng quán liáo yǎngyóu rén qīn wáng shè zhèng
  1926 nián rén dēng nián hàozhāo ”, zhāo tiān huángzhāo shí dài qián 30 niánduì zhōng guócháo xiāndōng nán tài píng yáng rén mín lái shuōshì hēi 'àn de 30 niánzhè shí de běn zhèng zhì qīn lüè kuò zhāng。 1931 nián 9 yuè 18 ,“ jiǔ · shì biànbào jūn jiǔ hòu qīn zhàn zhōng guó mǎn zhōu。 1937 nián 7 yuè 7 jūn tiǎo gōu qiáo shì biàn”, dòng quán miàn qīn huá zhàn zhēng。 1941 nián 12 yuè 7 jūn tōu zhēn zhū gǎngtài píng yáng zhàn zhēng bào zhè shí jǐn gěi zhōng guócháo xiāndōng nán tài píng yáng rén mín dài lái shēn zhòng de zāinàn gěi běn rén mín dài lái de tòng zhè shì běn shǐ zhōng guān shǐ shàng zuì hēi 'àn de shí
  1945 nián 8 yuè 15 jūn tóu jiàngměi jūn zhàn lǐng běngǎi běn zhuān zhì tiān huáng zhì wéi jūn zhù xiàn zhìtiān huáng zuò wéi běn de xiàng zhēng bèi bǎo liú xià lái
  1972 nián 7 yuètián zhōng jiǎo róng chū rèn běn shǒuxiàngkāi shǐ zhí xíngduō biān zhùwài jiāotóng nián 9 yuè tián zhōng fǎng huá 9 yuè 29 zhōu 'ēn lái zǒng qiān shǔzhōng lián shēng míng》, xuān zhōng zhèng shì jiàn jiāo。 1978 nián 8 yuè zhōng liǎng guó jié zhōng píng yǒu hǎo tiáo yuē。 1978 nián 10 yuè dèng xiǎo píng zǒng yìng yāo fǎng wèn běnxuān píng yǒu hǎo tiáo yuē zhèng shì shēng xiàozhōng liǎng guó guān cóng zhèng cháng huà
  1989 nián 1 yuè 7 zhāo tiān huáng bìng shìhuáng tài míng rén wèigǎi nián hào wéipíng chéng”。
   mài 'ā běn
  1951 nián 4 yuè 16 chénbèi mén zǒng tǒng jiě chú liǎo zhàn lǐng jūn lìng zhí de mài 'ā jiù yào huí guó liǎoduì de chú shǎo shù běn gāo guān wài méi yòu tōng zhī rèn réndàn dāng mài zuò shàng chē shí cái xiàncóng xià de guān zhí dào hòu chǎngshàng bǎi wàn běn rén de zhàn zài jiē dào liǎng bàng wèitā sòng xíngdāng chē duì jīng guò shí chuán lái běn rén nèi xīn de gāo shēng yuán shuàilǎo mài lèi yíng kuàng shí yòu duō shǎo rén néng xiǎng dào mài 'ā céng běn rén jié xià de xuè hǎi shēn chóu
  1942 nián 3 yuè 11 mài 'ā chéng kuài tǐng kāi léi duō 'ěr yào sàizài de shēn hòu shì jiāng xiàn luò de dānshì 10 wàn dàn jìn liáng jué de duì děng dài zhe men de jìn de nán zhè páo jiù páo dào liǎo 'ào zài suí hòu 3 nián duō de shí jiān yòu shuài lǐng zhī bǎi wàn jūn chōng liǎo běn rén dào yòu dào yòng shī zhù chéng de cóng yáo yuǎn de 'ěr běn zhí dào liǎo dōng jīngshèn zhì zhè yàng shuōshì jiè shàng méi yòu rèn rén xiàng mài yàng shuāng shǒu zhān mǎn me duō běn rén de xiān xuècóng lāi wān zhí dào jiàng luò zài běn hòu chǎngdōuyòu shǔbù qīng de gōng duì yuán gān yuàn jià xiāng zhuàng tóng guī jìn
   běn rén duì duì běn réndōu tóng yàng hèn zhī dàn lìng běn rén jiě de shìdāng běn dài biǎo zài hào zhàn jiàn shàng qiān tóu jiàng hòulǎo mài biǎo de shì piān chōng mǎn qíng . huàn píng . zhèng kuān róng 'ér shì chóu hèn de yǎn jiǎng
   zhàn hòu de běn guó jiā wáng jīng bēng kuìlián guó huì yuán de gōng zuò cān guò shì wǎn guā fàn 'è lǒngzhào liǎo běnzhè shí lǎo mài tǐng shēn 'ér chūxiàng guó nèi shī jiā shǐ měi guó zhèng ràng 。 350 wàn dūn liáng shí 20 měi yuán de jīng yuán zhù jǐn sòng wǎng běn jǐn bǎo liú liǎo běn zhèng gèng dǐng zhù shè miǎn liǎo tiān huáng shèn zhì guān xīn tōng běn yuán jūn rén de mìng yùngěi men shēng huó de chū
   zài mài 'ā de biǎo shuài zuò yòng xià, 40 wàn dēng měi jūn yòng men de zhì . shàn . xiǎng zhù xiàn shēn jīng shén zhēng liǎo běn réndāng zài běn xiá zhǎi de chéng shì jiē xiàng běn píng mín měi guó bīng xiāng 'ér tōng guò kùn nán shízǒng shì měi guó bīng zhàn zài bàng ràng běn rén xiān zǒu běn rén néng mén xīn wèn guǒ men shì shèng zhě men néng zuòde dào
   dāng rán lǎo mài dài gěi běn de jǐn shì kuān róngwéi xiāo chú zhōu de zhè zhàn zhēng yuán jìn xíng liǎo dāo kuò de gǎi bāng zhù běn zhì dìng liǎo quán shì jiè 'èr de xiàn fàng liǎo rèn zhù quán guó jiādōu néng fàng de quán héng xuān zhàn quándāng gǎi dào shí duō huì zuò chū tuǒ xiégěi běn rén zuì de xìn rèndàn wéi zài jiào zhì de gǎi shàng cùn ràng háo liú qíng de měi guó de jiào zhì qiáng jiā dào liǎo běn rén de tóu shàngér shǐ zhèng míng mài 'ā zuò duì liǎo。 20 duō nián hòu běn zhù míng zuò jiā sān dǎo yóu wéi zhòng zhèn guó jūn wēizài suǒ jūn xiào dāng zhòng pōu shāér tái xià 1400 míng shì guān shēng jìng dòng zhōngxiàn dài běn qīng nián bǎi fēn zhī jiǔ shí rèn wéi zhàn zhēng zhōng tóu jiàng shì zhèng cháng debǎi fēn zhī shí rèn wéi dāng bīng gài méi yòu shénme tóng guó qīng shàonián wéi zhù de xīn cuì yùn dòng tóngdāng jīn běn de yòu tuán zhōng lǎo nián rén wéi duō běn qīng nián suǒ zhuī qiú de shì yóu . shēng mìng cái
  
  
  【 xíng zhèng huá
  
   běn dedōudàoxiàn shì píng xíng de xíng zhèng zhí shǔ zhōng yāng zhèng dàn dàoxiàn yōng yòu zhì quánxià shè shìdīngcūn bàn shì gòu chēng wéitīng”, tīng”、“ dào tīng”、“ tīng”、“ xiàn tīng”, xíng zhèng zhǎngguān chēng wéizhī shì”。 měi gèdōudàoxiàn xià shè ruò gān shìdīng ( xiāng dāng zhōng guó de zhèn )、 cūn bàn shì gòu chēng suǒ”, shì suǒ”、“ dīng suǒ”、“ cūn suǒ”, xíng zhèng zhǎngguān chēng wéishì cháng”、“ dīng cháng”、“ cūn cháng”。
  
   běn bèi huàfēn wéi 47 xíng zhèng : 1 , 1 dào, 2 , 43 xiàn
  
   shǒu dōng jīng dōng jīng(とうきょう)】( Tokyo), wèi běn zhōu guān dōng píng yuán nán duānxià xiá 23 bié 、 27 shì、 5 dīng、 8 cūn dòu qún dǎo xiǎo yuán qún dǎozǒng miàn 2155 píng fāng gōng rén kǒu 1254 wàn。 1868 nián běn míng zhì wéi xīn hòutiān huáng yóu jīng qiān zhì gǎi jiāng wéi dōng jīngzhè chéng wéi běn guó de shǒu 。 1943 nián běn zhèng bān lìngjiāng dōng jīng shì gǎi wéi dōng jīng kuò liǎo de guǎn xiá fàn wéi
  
   dōng běi : běi hǎi dào | qīng sēn xiàn | yán shǒu xiàn | gōng chéng xiàn | qiū tián xiàn | shān xíng xiàn | dǎo xiàn
   guān dōng : dōng jīng | chéng xiàn | xiàn | qún xiàn | xiàn | qiān xiàn | shén nài chuān xiàn | shān xiàn
   zhōng : xīn xiàn | shān xiàn | shí chuān xiàn | jǐng xiàn | shān xiàn | cháng xiàn | xiàn | jìng gāng xiàn | ài zhī xiàn | sān zhòng xiàn
   jìn : jīng | bǎn | sān zhòng xiàn | xiàn | bīng xiàn | nài liáng xiàn | hègē shān xiàn
   zhōng guó : niǎo xiàn | dǎo gēn xiàn | gāng shān xiàn | guǎng dǎo xiàn | shān kǒu xiàn
   guó : dǎo xiàn | xiāng chuān xiàn | ài yuán xiàn | gāo zhī xiàn
   jiǔ zhōu : gāng xiàn | zuǒ xiàn | cháng xiàn | xióng běn xiàn | fēn xiàn | gōng xiàn | 'ér dǎo xiàn
   liú qiú zhū dǎo : chōng shéng xiànèr zhàn měi guó wéi shí xiàn 'è zhì zhàn lüèjiāng diào dǎo zhì měi guó de xíng zhèng guǎn zhī xià。 1971 nián 6 yuèměi guó yòu jiāng diào dǎo suí tóng chōng shéng guī háigěi běnér běn zhèng shì zhè míng zhāng dǎn wéi fǎn guó tiáo yuē de suǒ wèixié dìng”, niánjiē guǎnliǎo diào dǎozhōng guó zhèng biǎo shēng míngjiān jué fǎn duì měi gòu jiéjiāng zhōng guó lǐng diào dǎo liè guī hái ”, zhǐ chū zhè shì wán quán fēi de。)
  
  
  
  【 zhèng zhì
  
   běn wéi jūn zhù xiàn guóxiàn dìng míngzhù quán zài mín”, ér tiān huáng wéi běn guó rén mín tuán jié de xiàng zhēng”。 tóng shì jiè shàng duō shù jūn zhù xiàn zhì tiān huáng běn zhǐ yòu yuán shǒu míng bìng zhèng zhì shí quándàn bèi shòu mín zhòng jìng zhòng
  
   běn zhèng zhì zhì sān quán fēn quán guī liǎng yuàn zhì guó huì quán guī cái pàn suǒ yuànxíng zhèng quán guī nèi fāng gōng gòng tuán zhōng yāng shěng tīng
   xiàn guī dìng guó jiā zuì gāo quán gòu wèiguó huìzhòng yuàn 480 cān yuàn 242 xuǎn mín wéi 20 suì shàng de guó mín
   cóng 1955 nián yuán chēng bǎo shǒu tóng de yóu mín zhù dǎng mín dǎng zhí cháng zhí zhèngzhǐ shì céng zài 1993 nián zhì 1996 nián jiān duǎn zàn bèi duì shǒu dài zhí zhèng, 1996 nián hòu jiù zhí zhí zhèng dào jīn tiān zài zhèng dǎng bāo kuò běn mín zhù dǎng běn shè huì mín zhù dǎng běn gòng chǎn dǎng děngxiàn shí běn yóu mín zhù dǎng gōng míng dǎng chéng de lián zhèng zhí zhèng
  
   xiàn
   xiàn xíng běn guó xiàn 1947 nián yuè shí shīxiàn guī dìngguó jiā shí xíng xíng zhèng sān quán fēn wéi chǔ de huì nèi zhìtiān huáng wéi běn guó běn guó mín zǒng de xiàng zhēng quán cānyù guó zhèng;“ yǒng yuǎn fàng yòng guó jiā quán dòng zhàn zhēng wēi xié huò xíng shǐ zuò wéi jiě jué guó zhēng duān de shǒu duànwéi mùdì běn bǎo chí hǎikōng jūn zhàn zhēng liàng chéng rèn guó jiā de jiāo zhàn quán”( tiáo)。
  
  
   zhèng dǎng
   zhàn hòu běn shí xíngzhèng dǎng zhèng zhì”, dài biǎo tóng jiē jiē céng de zhǒng zhèng dǎng xiāng huī huò jiàn qián cān jiā guó huì huó dòng de zhù yào zhèng dǎng yòu mín dǎngmín zhù dǎnggōng míng dǎng běn gòng chǎn dǎngshè mín dǎngdāng qián zhí zhèng dǎng shì mín dǎngshǒuxiàng tián kāng
  
  
  【 wài jiāo
  
  1. duì wài guān
   jìn nián lái běn wài jiāo chéng quán fāng wèi jìn tài shì zhǎn kāi guó wài jiāogèng jiā zhòng měi jiān zhòng guójiā qiáng měi 'ān quán zuòtóng shí zhì wěn dìng duì huá guān shēn huà dōng méng guān jiā qiáng duì 'ōu guān gǎi shàn 'é cháo guān cānyù guó zhèng zhìjīng 'ān quán shì zhēng chéng wéi lián guó 'ān huì cháng rèn shì guó
  
   zhōng guó guān : 1972 nián 9 yuè 29 zhōng liǎng guó qiān shǔzhōng lián shēng míng》, shí xiàn bāng jiāo zhèng cháng huà, 1973 nián 1 yuè shè shǐ guǎnzhōng guó zài bǎn gāngzhá huǎngcháng běn zài shàng hǎiguǎng zhōushěn yáng xiāng gǎng fēn bié kāi shè zǒng lǐng shì guǎn běn zài lián shè yòu zhù shěn yáng zǒng lǐng guǎn bàn shì chùzài chóngqìng shè yòu zhù huá shǐ guǎn lǐng shì bàn shì chù。 1978 nián 8 yuè 12 liǎng guó qiān shǔzhōng píng yǒu hǎo tiáo yuē》, tóng nián yuè dèng xiǎo píng zǒng fǎng shuāng fāng huànzhōng píng yǒu hǎo tiáo yuē zhǔn shū。 1998 nián 11 yuèjiāng mín zhù duì běn jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wènzhè shì zhōng guó guó jiā yuán shǒu shǒu zhèng shì fǎng zhōng liǎng guó biǎo liǎoguān jiàn zhì píng zhǎn de yǒu hǎo zuò huǒ bàn guān de lián xuān yán》。 2006 nián 9 yuè běn shǒuxiàng fǎng huá chéng gōnghuǎn liǎng guó jiān yīn shǐ wèn kuàishì zhōng guān gǎi shàn zhòng yào biāo zhì
  
  2. lǐng jiū fēn
   běn gēn zhōng guóhán guóé luó děng guó jiā huò dōuyòu lǐng zhēng
  
   diào dǎo / jiān zhū dǎo
   wèi tái wān dōng běi fāng xiàngliú qiú qún dǎo nánzhōng huá rén mín gòng guó zhèng chēng diào dǎo huò diào tái běn chēng jiān zhū dǎo), shǔ tái wān shěng guǎn xiádàn xiàn yóu běn shí kòng zhìměi guó zài 1972 nián jiāo liú qiú qún dǎo de xíng zhèng guǎn xiá quán shí diào dǎo tóng jiāo de dòng céng yǐn xiāng gǎng xué shēng shì wēiér zhōng guó tái wān shěng yòu mín jiān rén shì cānyù liǎo bǎo diào yùn dòng zhōng 1996 nián xiāng gǎng bǎo diào rén shì chén xiáng diào tái shuǐ kàng shí wáng
  
   qiān dǎo liè dǎo / běi fāng dǎo
   qiān dǎo liè dǎo / běi fāng dǎo wèi zhì . běn zhèng zhí xuān chēng duì zài 'èr zhàn jiān bèi lián zhàn lǐng lián jiě hòu réng rán yóu 'é luó kòng zhì de qiān dǎo liè dǎo zuì nán duān de guó hòu zhuōchǐ dān dǎo běn chēng běi fāng dǎo)、 běi qiān dǎo liè dǎonán huà tài dǎoyōng yòu zhù quán
  
   dǎo / zhú dǎo
   běn xuān chēng men yōng yòu wèi běn hǎi de zhú dǎohán guó chēng dǎo”) dezhù quán”, gāi dǎo xiàn yóu hán guó kòng zhìhán guó zài zhè dǎo shàng zhù zhā liàng jǐng chá
  
  
  
  【 jīng shí
  
   běn GDP: 49113.62 měi yuán ( liè 2 wèi )
   rén jūn GDP: 38533 měi yuán (2007 nián )
   zhèng běn chí gōng qiáng de láo dòng gāo de zhǎn jiào de jūn shì suàn zhàn GDP de 1%), bāng zhù běn jīng gāo zhǎnbìng chéng wéi dāng jīn chéng jǐn měi guó de jīng jǐn měi guó de quán qiú 'èr jīng běn de jīng diǎn shì shēng chǎn shānggōng yìng shāng jīng xiāo shāng de jǐn jié yóu yínháng wéi zhōng xīn de cái shì jīn róng shìwéi jiā gōng xíng jīng qiáng de lián méng fēn chéng shì rén kǒu de zhōng shēn jiù bǎo zhàngrán 'ér zhè xiē diǎn qián zhèng suí zhù shí dài shè huì huán jìng biàn qiān 'ér màn màn liú shī běn de jīng zhī zhù héng gōng yào lài jìn kǒu de yuán cái liào néng yuánér jiào xiǎo de nóng lài zhèng de zhù bǎo běn de néng gòu zìjǐ dàn nóng zuò de 50% yào jìn kǒu běn shì quán qiú zuì de guó jiā zhī liàng zhàn quán qiú zǒng liàng de jìn 15%。 běn jīng 1950 nián dài bǎo chí liǎo 20 duō nián de gāo chéngzhǎng: 1960 nián dài zhèng chūsuǒ bèi zēng jìhuà”, chū xiàn píng jūn 10% de zēngzhǎng; 1973 nián suī rán pèng shàng shí yóu wēi píng jūn réng yòu 5% de zēngzhǎng; 1980 nián dài wéi píng jūn 4% de zēngzhǎngér cóng 20 shì 90 nián dài kāi shǐ běn jīng jǐng zhù yào shì yóu 20 shì 80 nián dài de guò tóu suǒ zào chéng de chǎn péng zhàng zhèng quàn fáng chǎn shì chǎng depào huà”, zuì zhōng zài fàng guò gāo yuán duàn shēng zhí xiàpào jīng jiězhèng gǎi jīng de chéng xiào guò, 1997 nián de zhōu jīn róng wēi 2001 nián de měi guó jīng shuāi tuì zhǐ wéi dāng shí de běn jīng dài lái qīng wēi yǐng xiǎngsuī rán běn jīng zēngzhǎng jiǎn huǎndàn shī shuài jiù cháng chǔyú shuǐ píngyōng de zhù huán jìng de rén kǒu lǎo líng huà shì liǎng cháng wèn rén zhì zào shì zhù yào de cháng jīng yōu shìquán qiú 720000 rén zhōng běn yōng yòu 410000 shuō shì rén wáng guó。 1985 nián běn chéng wéi shì jiè zuì zhài quán guó, 1986 nián hǎi wài jìng chǎn qiān bǎi líng měi yuán。 1993 nián běn hǎi wài chǎn shàng shēng dào liù qiān bǎi shí běn chéng liǎo shì jiè zuì de gōng yìng guódōng jīng guó jīn róng shì chǎng de zuò yòng zhèng zài kuò běn zhèng zài cháo jīn róng guó huà fāng xiàng zhǎn
  
  
  
  【 jūn shì shí
  
   èr zhàn hòuměi jūn duì shí xíng dān jūn shì zhàn lǐng běn jiù jūn duì quán jiě sàncháo xiān zhàn zhēng bào hòuměi jiān zhòng guó zhī chí běn zhǎn jūn shì liàng běn fáng wèi de běn zhèng shìzài píng xiàn xiàshí xíng zhuān shǒu fáng wèijiān chí měi 'ān bǎo zhìquè bǎo wén guān tǒng zhìzūn shǒu fēi sān yuán yòu jié zhì zēng qiáng fáng wèi liàng。 1976 nián zhì dìngfáng wèi jìhuà gāng》, chū fáng wèi zǒng shè xiǎng kuò jūn fāng zhēnbǎo chí jūn héng zhǎn de fáng wèi tài shìjiān chí zhòng shì zhì liàng de jiàn jūn yuán shǐ zhī néng yìng yòu xiàn de xiǎo guī zhàn zhēngzhì 1990 nián běn dào gāng suǒ dìng zhǐ biāo。 1990 nián 12 yuè běn nèi huì zhǔn liǎo xīnzhōng fáng wèi liàng zhěng bèi jìhuà”( 1991 héng 1995 nián), guī dìng 5 nián jūn fèi zǒng 'é wéi 22.75 wàn yuánjìhuà de zhòng diǎn shì zhù zhòng zhì liàng gāo zhuāng bèi shuǐ píngjiā qiáng hòu qínqíng bàotōng xìn jiàn shègèng duō chéng dān zhù měi jūn fèi yòng děng。 1995 nián 11 yuè běn zhèng yòu zhǔn zǒng 'é yuē 25.1 wàn yuán wéi nián de xīnfáng wèi jìhuà gāng》。 2000 nián 12 yuè běn zhèng zhì dìng liǎo xīn fáng wèi liàng zhěng bèi jìhuà( 2001 héng 2005 nián), zǒng jīng fèi gāo 25.16 wàn yuán。 1954 nián bān fáng wèi tīng shè zhì wèi duì 》, zhèng shì jiàn hǎikōng liàng chéng de wèi duìbìng chéng fáng wèi tīngnèi shǒu xiāng duì wèi duì yōng yòu zuì gāo zhǐ huī jiān quán。 1956 nián chéng guó fáng huì 。 1986 nián 7 yuèān quán bǎo zhàng huì dài yuánguó fáng huì ”, chǔlǐ zhǒng shì jiàn qiē guó jiā 'ān quán yòu guān de zhòng shì yóu shǒuxiàng rèn zhù fáng wèi tīng shǔ zǒng zhǎngguān yóu wén zhí rén yuán dān rènshòu shǒuxiàng zhī mìngtōng guò hǎikōng jūn liáo chángcān móu chángtǒng shuài hǎi kōng wèi duìtǒng liáo huì cān móu cháng lián huì shì fáng wèi tīng zhǎngguān de zhù gòu dìng tiáozhěng sān jūn de zuò zhànxùn liàn hòu qín bǔjǐ jìhuàsōu fēn jūn shì qíng bào。 2006 nián 3 yuè 27 běn fáng wèi tīng shè tǒng zhǐ huī hǎi kōng wèi duì de tǒng liáo jiān lián cān móu běn ), dài guò de tǒng liáo huì běn hǎi kōng wèi duì de liáo cháng guò fēn bié tīng cóng fáng wèi tīng zhǎngguān zhǐ huī xiàng suǒ shǔ wèi duì xià mìng lìngjīn hòutǒng liáo cháng jiāng zài fáng wèi tīng zhǎngguān shòu quán xiàtǒng zhǐ huī hǎi kōng wèi duìbìng zàijǐn qíng kuàng xià jiàntǒng rèn duì”, zhí xíng dàn dào dǎo dàn fáng guī zhèn jiù zāiguó jiù yuán děng rèn wèi duì shí xíng zhì yuàn bīng zhì shàng wèi duì wéi 2 zhì 3 niánhǎikōng wèi duì wéi 3 nián
   jūn duì míng chēng wèi duì
  
  
  【 wén huà chuán tǒng
  
   běn de tiáo jiàn yōu jiǔ de shǐyùn liǎo bié de běn wén huàyīng huā pái shìqīng jiǔshén dào jiào gòu chéng liǎo chuán tǒng běn de liǎng fāng miàn héng héng jiànzài běn yòu zhù míng de " sān dào ", běn mín jiān de chá dàohuā dàoshū dào
  
   chá dào jiào zuò chá tānɡpǐn míng huì), lái jiù zuò wéi zhǒng měi gǎn shì shòu dào shàng liú jiē céng de 'àichá dào shì zhǒng de yǐn chá shì shè huì xiàn zàichá dào bèi yòng zuò xùn liàn zhōng jīng shénhuò zhě yòng péi yǎng zhǐwéi bān mín zhòng suǒ guǎng fàn jiē shòu běn guó nèi yòu duō chuán shòu chá dào liú pài de xué xiào shǎo bīn guǎn shè yòu chá shì qīng sōng xīn shǎng dào chá dào de biǎo yǎndàn běn de chá dào zuì zhōng shì yóu zhōng guó táng cháo zhēnguàn nián jiān chuán dào běn dezài dài běn zhōng guó zào yòu wǎng láishèng táng shí běn céng pài liàng shǐ chén lái zhōng guóshòu zhōng guó yǐng xiǎng jiào shēn běn rén mín chēng " zhōng guó shì běn chá dào de xiāng "。
  
   huā dào zuò wéi zhǒng zài chá shì nèi zài xiàn wài shèng kāi de xiān huā de 'ér dàn shēngyīn zhǎn shì de guī fāng de yòu suǒ tónghuā dào fēn chéng 20 duō zhǒng liú pài běn guó nèi yòu duō chuán shòu huā dào liú pài de xué xiàolìng wàizài bīn guǎnbǎi huò shāng diàngōng gòng shè shī de tīng děng zhǒng chǎng suǒ xīn shǎng dào zhuāng shì yōu měi de chā huā shù
   shū dào chēng běn shū shì běn rén de qín shū huà shù zhī
   xiàngpū lái yuán běn shén dào de zōng jiào shìrén men zài shén diàn wéi fēng shōu zhī shén xíng sàipàn wàng néng dài lái hǎo de shōu chéngzài nài liáng píng 'ān shí xiàngpū shì zhǒng gōng tíng guān shǎng yùn dòngér dào liǎo lián cāng zhàn guó shí xiàngpū chéng wéi shì xùn liàn de fēn。 18 shì xīng liǎo zhí xiàngpū yùn dòng xiàn zài de xiàngpū sài wéi xiāng shén dào shì qiáng diào xiàngpū yùn dòng sài qián de duǒ jiǎo shì de de shì jiāng chǎng zhōng de 'è guǐ zǒutóng shí hái dào fàng sōng ròu de zuò yòngchǎng shàng hái yào yán dào jìng huà de mùdìyīn wéi shén dào jiào rèn wéi yán néng gǎn guǐ mèixiàngpū sài zài tái shàng jìn xíngzhěng tái wéi zhèng fāng xíngzhōng wéi yuán juàn zhí jìng wéi 4.55 sài shíliǎng wèi shì shù shū xià shēn tiáo dōu dàijìn chì shēn luǒ shàng tái sài sài zhōng shì chú jiǎo zhǎng wài rèn fēn chù tái biǎo miàntóng shí chāo chū yuán juàn sài zài 'èr fēn zhōng shèn zhì miǎo zhōng nèi biàn néng jué chū shèng xiàngpū de cái pàn gòng yóu 6 rén chéngzhù cái pàn yóu shǒu chí zhé shànxíng dēng tái dān rèn 5 rén fēn bié zài zhèng miàndōng miàn miàn cái pàn shàng shì de zuì gāo děng shìhéng gāng”。 xià miàn shì guānguān xiéxiǎo jiéqián jǐngzhè děng bèi chēng wéi nèi”, shǔ zhōng de shàng céngzài shì shí liǎng xiàchú zhī wài hái yòu gèng de sān duàn sān duànchǔyú zhī kǒu 'èr duàn de xué yuán zhǐ néng zuò xiē shuǐ sǎo zhī lèi de gōng zuòzhǐ yòu dào liǎo sān duàn mùdì shí hòushī cái huì chuán shòu xiē shùér dào liǎo shí liǎng de xué yuán jiù shì zhí xiàngpū xuǎn shǒu liǎobèi chēng wéi shì”, jǐn yòu gōng ér qiě hái cān jiā zhǒng sài yíng jiǎng jīnnéng dào guān xié guān de xuǎn shǒu shì liáo liáo liǎoxiàngpū shǒu dàn dào liǎo héng gāngjīhū jiù shuō shì zhàn zài liǎo běn xiàngpū jiè de dǐng diǎnjiāng yōng yòu zhōng shēn zhì gāo shàng de róng yàoxiàn zài běn xiàngpū shǐ shàng de héng gāng gòng zhǐ yòu 68 wèixiàngpū duō yùn dòng tóng de de děng shì dìng dehuì yìng cān jiā sài huò shī bài 'ér dǎo zhì děng xià huá
  
   shì běn chuán tǒng mín zhuāng de chēng zài běn chēngzhe ”。 shì fǎng zhào zhōng guó suí táng shì gǎi zhì desuǒ zài běn bèi chēng wéi " " " táng ", shì fāng rén duì de chēng wèixiàn zài běn rén jīng jiē shòu de zhè chēng wèidàn shì hěn duō mài de shāng diànhái shì xiě zhe " "。 gōng yuán zhì jiǔ shì běn shèng xíng guòtáng fēng zhuāng hòu suī yòu gǎi biàn xíng chéng běn de fēng dàn réng hán yòu zhōng guó dài zhuāng de mǒu xiē de kuǎn shì huā de chā bié shì bié nián líng jié hūn fǒu de biāo zhì wèi hūn de niàn chuān jǐn xiù wài hūn chuān kuān xiù wài shūdǎo tiánshì fàxíng ( běn shì fàxíng zhī chéng zhuàng ), chuān hóng lǐng chèn de shì niànshū yuán fàjìchuān chèn de shì zhù yòng niǔ kòuzhǐ yòng tiáo jié de yāo dàiyāo dài de zhǒng lèi hěn duō jié de fāng yòu tóng jiào guǎng fàn shǐ yòng de zhǒng jié fāng jiàotài jié”, zài hòu yāo jié chù de yāo dài nèi diàn yòu zhǐ huò zuò de xìn kàn xiàng fāng zhè jiù shì men cháng kàn dào de bèi hòu de zhuāng shì pǐnyóu jié hěn fèi shìzhàn hòu yòu chū xiàn liǎo bèi yòu xiàn chéng jié degǎi liáng dàiwén huà dài”。 suī rán jīn tiān běn rén de cháng zhuāng zǎo wéi suǒ dàidàn zài hūn qìng diǎnchuán tǒng huā dàochá dào lóng zhòng de shè jiāo chǎng réng shì gōng rèn de chuān
  
   róu dào zài quán shì jiè yòu guǎng fàn shēng róu dào de běn yuán shì gōng ér shì zhǒng yòng duì fāng de liàng de shēn zhī shùróu dào jiā de bié yòng yāo dài de yán chū bái / gāo hēilái biǎo shì
  
   jiàn dào shì zhǐ cóng shì de zhòng yào jiàn shù zhōng pài shēng 'ér chū de běn jiàn yùn dòng sài zhě 'àn zhào yán de guī shēn zhe zhuān yòng fáng yòng zhú dāo duì fāng de tóu shǒu zhǐ jiān
  
   kōng shǒu dào shì jīng liú qiú wáng guóxiàn zài de chōng shéngcóng zhōng guó chuán běn de dǒu yùn dòngkōng shǒu dào shǐ yòng rèn jǐn shǐ yòng quán jiǎo dǒu yùn dòng xiāng shì zhǒng xiāng dāng yòu shí zhàn de yùn dòng xíng shì
  
   dào yuán lái zhǐ shì zhǒng yòng liàn xíng shìde yùn dòng běn niàn shì duì liàng cǎi yòng liàng jìn xíng duì kàng róu dào kōng shǒu dào děng yùn dòng xiāng méi yòu gǎn de dào zuò wéi zhǒng jīng shén duàn liàn jiàn shēn yùn dònghěn shòu lǎo nián rén xìng de huān yíng
  
   shū dào shū xiāng xìn shǎo rén huì rèn wéi shì zhōng guó yòu de mén shù shíshū zài běn jǐn shèng xínggèng shì rén men xiū xíng yǎng xìng de fāng shì zhī dài běn rén chēng shū jiào dào huò dào」, zhí dào jiāng shí dài ( shí shì ), cái chū xiànshū dàozhè míng zài běnyòng máo xiě hàn 'ér shèng xíng shū yīngdāng shì zài jiào chuán zhī hòusēng jiào fǎng zhōng guóyòng máo chāo jīng shū
  
   néng shì běn de chuán tǒng shì shì jiè shàng xiàn cún de zuì lǎo de zhī néng yuán dài dǎo xíng shì 12 shì huò 13 shì zài běn de shén shè yuàn xíng de zhǒng jié qìng 。“ néng yòu cái néng huò néng de yǎn yuán tōng guò miàn biǎo qíng xíng dòng zuò 'àn shì shì de běn zhìér shì biǎo xiàn chū láixiàn zài zhè zhǒng zài běn réng yòu wán qiáng de shēng mìng
  
   néng yàng shì běn zuì yòu dài biǎo xìng de chuán tǒng xìqǔ zhī zhōng guó de jīng yàng shì yīn dǎo wéi zhōng xīnyóu tái gēqǔ chǎng miàn děng gòu chéng de zōng tái shù yuán 17 shì chū de wèi jiào zuòchū yún ā guóchū yún zhī 'ā guó)” de xìng fēi cháng shàn biǎo yǎn dāng shí de shè huì shòu dào rén men de huān yíngrán 'ér hòu suí zhe shí dài de biàn qiān gǎi chéng liǎo quán juésè yóu nán xìng bàn yǎn shǐ shì xìng juésè yàngzhè chuán tǒng zhí yán dào liǎo xiàn zài
  
   shòu shì shēng piàn shēn)】、 shēng xiāshēng fěn děng wéi yuán liàopèi jīng bái fànhǎi xiān gēn děngniē chéng fàn tuán hòu shí yòng de zhǒng shí shòu de zhǒng lèi hěn duō xià shù bǎi zhǒng de shòu yòu tóng de diǎn duō shù shì xiān yòng fàn jiā tiáozhìzài bāo juàn ròudàn lèijiā cài huò dòu chī shēng shòu shíyǐn běn chá huò qīng jiǔbié yòu fān fēng wèi
  
  
  
  
  【 jiào zhì
  
   xué zhì wéi xiǎo xué 6 niánguó zhōngchū zhōng) 3 niángāo zhōng 3 nián xué 4 nián zhuān 2 héng 3 niánshí xíng 12 nián jiào xué yòu guó xuégōng xué xué běn shì fēi cháng zhòng shì jiào de guó jiājiào shī de wèi fēi cháng gāozhù míng de guó zōng xué yòu dōng jīng xuéjīng xuémíng xué bǎn xuéběi hǎi dào xué zhù míng de xué zǎo dào tián xué qìng yìng xué děng
  
  【 xīn wén chū bǎn
  
   zōng xìng bào shè yòu 121 jiāquán guó yòu yǐng xiǎng de bào zhǐ tōng chēng liù bào:《 zhāorì xīn wén》、《 mài xīn wén》、《 měi xīn wén》、《 běn chǎn jīng xīn wén》、《 dōng jīng xīn wén》、《 běn jīng xīn wén》。 quán guó xíng de sān fāng bào wéi:《 zhōng xīn wén》、《 běi hǎi dào xīn wén》、《 běn xīn wén》。 jiào yòu yǐng xiǎng de zhì yòu:《 zhōng yāng gōng lùn》、《 dōng yáng jīng 》、《 jīng xué rén》、《 wén chūn qiūděngguǎng diàn táidiàn shì tái yòu jìn 200 jiāquán guó xìng de diàn shìguǎng gōng zhù yào yòu běn guǎng xié huì ), 1952 nián chéng shǔ bàn guān fāng xìng zhìdōng jīng guǎng gōng ), 1951 nián chéng běn diàn shì guǎng wǎng gōng (NT ), 1953 nián chéng chú běn guǎng xié huì wài diàn shì guǎng gōng jūn wéi yínggòng tóng tōng xùn shè shì běn zuì de tōng xùn shèjiǎn chēng gòng tóng shèshí shì tōng xùn shè shì běn 'èr tōng xùn shèjiǎn chēng shí shì shè
  
  【 wén yán
  
   wén wén fēn wéi hàn jiǎ míng , hàn yòu liǎng zhǒng , zhǒng shì yīn , zhǒng shì xùn jiǎ míng yòu fēn wéi píng jiǎ míng piàn jiǎ míng lùn shì píng jiǎ míng huò piàn jiǎ míng de xíng fǎng zhōng wén běn dài méi yòu wén guó yòu liǎo wén huà shàng de jiāo liú zhī hòu běn rén jiù yòng hàn de cǎo shū xíng chuàng zào liǎo píng jiǎ míng yòng hàn de piān bàng shǒu chuàng zào liǎo piàn jiǎ míng yīn wéi wài lái de yánwài guó rén míng míng shēng tài dòng zhí míng wén zhōng píng ( ) shì róng jiǎn dān de piàn ( ) shì piàn miàn wán quán zhī guǒ jué tài hǎo de huàjiù běn rén píng cháng shēng huó shàng yòng de jiù shì píng jiǎ míng kàn lái xiàng yòng de piàn piàn de jiù shìpiàn jiǎ míngliǎo běn de yīn bìng kùn nán běn shàng shì yóu ( ) yīn wéi zhù suǒ chuàn chéng de yīn jié hàn yòu shí duō yīn jiào lái shǎo liǎo duōér qiě běn yòu de yīnhàn zhì shàng dōuyòu
  
  
  【 fēng mín qíng
  
   běn rén zhī jiān zhāo běn shàng shì gōng lái biǎo shì dezhàn zhe de shí hòushuāng jiǎo lǒngzhí wān yāo tóucóng bān xìng xíng dào shàng shēn zhì 90 de gōnggēn jié qīng zhòng chéng de tóng tóu de jiǎo shì zhǒng yàng dezài zhe“たたみ” ( ) de fáng jiān yào zuò zhe xíng zhèng zuòde shì shàng shēn wān xiàliǎng shǒu fàng zài qián miàn zhe rán hòu tóu
   bān běn rén xíng zhì shì jiē chù shēn dechuán tǒng shàng méi yòu shǒu de guàn běn rén yòu shí hòu shǒudàn duō zài wài guó rénjìng xuǎn rén xuǎn mín huò míng xīng yǐng děng shū chǎng
  
   zuò de shìzài xué xiàogōng bān zuò dedàn zài jiā tíng běn rén réng rán bǎo chí zhe chuán tǒng de zuò zài“たたみ”( shàng de shēng huózuì jìnzài tōng jiā tíng yáng shì de shì cān shì duō lái liǎosuǒ zuò“たたみ”( de nián qīng dài zài zhú jiàn zēng duō
  
   zhāo shǒu shǒu zhǎng cháo xià qīng qīng fàng kāishǒu wàn cóng qián fāng cháo biān lái huí bǎi dòng zhè zhǒng fāng shì méi yòu xìng biénián líng de xiàn zhìdōunéng shǐ yòngdàn duì wèibèi fèn gāo de rén zhè yàng zhāo shǒu shì shī deyào jìn liàng miǎn
  
   biǎo shì shì ”、“ shì ?” děng shíyòng shí zhǐ zhǐ zhe de
   wàn suìzhè shì zài sài zhōng huò shèng huò pèng shàng hǎo yùn shí shǒu biǎo shì gāo xīng de dòng zuòduō shù qíng kuàng shì jiā tóng shí huān wàn suì”, biǎo shì qìng xìng yùn zhù yuàn xìng de xīn qíng
  
   zǎo běn rén zǎo jǐn shì wèile jìng shēn ér qiě shì jiāng shēn jìn zài chí màn màn nuǎnhuo shēn de zhǒng guànsuǒ shēn chú gòu dōuzài chí wài miàn jìn xíng chí de shuǐ jiā wēndāng shuǐ jiǎn shàoshí zài tiān shuǐ jiā wēn rén jìn tóng chí wèi zhe jiā shì fēi cháng qīn jìn xiāng xìn rèn de péng yǒuzuì hòu rén wán zǎo hòufàng diào chí de shuǐ
  
   de shù běn rén huì“ 4” “ 9”。 yīn wéi“ 4” de yīn xiāng tóng;“ 9” de yīn xiāng tóng,“ 9” wèi zhe yuán běn běn rén nián bìng huì“ 13” dedàn yīn 'ōu měi huì“ 13” zhè shù ér shòu dào 'ōu měi wén huà yǐng xiǎng běn yòu duō rén kāi shǐ jué “ 13” shì de shù xiàn zài běn duō guǎn fáng jiān hào tíng chē wèi méi yòu 4、 9、 13 zhè shù
  
   shōu xiǎo fèi zhì 'èr shì jiè zhàn qián fēn guǎn jiāo tōng gòu yòu shōu xiǎo fèi de guànjìn nián lái běn shàng méi yòu liǎo
  
   zài běn yòu de guàn
   zài rén qián jiē wěn běn rén rèn wéi zài rén qián jiē wěn shì nán wéi qíng de shì
   yōng bàojiē chù rén de shēn zài běn bèi rèn wéi shì shī de xíng wéinán zhī jiān chú liàn 'ài guān de shuāng fāng wài bān shǒu
   zài rén qián jiáo kǒu xiāng tángyǔn chōu yāndàn jiáo kǒu xiāng táng xíngbié rén méi chī chī dōng bèi shì wéi shī
   chuānzhuó xié jìn jìn běn zhù zhái tuō xié
   kuī shì bié rén jiā de chú fángzài běnfǎng wèn bié rén jiā tíng shíkuī shì chú fáng shì mào de xíng wéi
   mín shì jiū fēn qīng zhū yuàn běn rén zài rén shēng huó zhōng yuē guān gèng zhòng shì xìn lài guān yīn shì duō shù tōng guò dāng shì rén zhī jiān de xié shāng jiě jué huò tōng guò zhōng jiànrén jiě juéwéi yòu dāng shì rén zhī jiān de guān míng xiǎn 'è huà shí cái shàng yuàn shī de rén shù jǐn shì měi guó de 1/30。
  
   běn rén yāo qǐng gōng zuò shàng de rén jìn jiā mén
   běn rén guàn zài jiā jiē dài shàng de rén huò quán jiā chū lái jiāo chú jīng yíng wài dōubù cānyù zhàng de gōng zuò
   zài yòu yào fāng miàn de lián shíjiù dào zhuān mén gōng jiǔ yàn de fāng xíng
   gànbù yòu shí zài jiā zhāo dài xià wèi xiāng tóng de rén huò shàng bān zhǐ xiàn jiàn zào xīn fáng de shí hòu
  
  
  
  
  【 jié jiàqī
  
  
   yuán dàn héng héng 1 yuè 1 mín jiān lái jiù yòu qìng xīn nián zhī fēng dàn què dìng wèiguó jiā jié shì zài 1948 niánàn chuán tǒng ,“ huì ”( chú jìn xíng sǎo chúmén qián bǎi shàng sōngzhúméi(“ sōng mén”)( xiàn duō gǎi wéi huàpiān dài ), shì xiáng chú wán cānquán jiā chī guò nián miànqiáo mài miàn tiáo), fàn hòu miàn kàn zhuān wéi xīn nián sòng de diàn shì jié miàn děng dài xīn nián zhōng shēngchēngshǒu suì”。 yuán dàn zǎo cān chī zhǔnián gāo tānɡ), jiǔchī jié liào “( zhǒng měi wèi jié cài yáo)。 yuán dàn bān xiūjià 5~7 tiānchéng rén jié héng héng 1 yuè 15 1948 nián dìng wéi guó jiā jié àn běn guī dìng: 20 suì wéi chéng niánzhè tiān fán nián mǎn 20 suì de qīng nián shēn zhe shèng zhuāng cān jiā chéng rén qìng zhù shìbìng zhè tiān wéi rén shēng de xīn diǎnkāi shǐ bèi xíng de quán jiàn guó niàn héng héng 2 yuè 11 běn shén huà chuán shuōgōng yuán qián 660 nián 2 yuè 11 shén tiān huáng tǒng běn hòu jiàn běn guóbìng zuò liǎo běn dài tiān huángjiù shíèr zhàn jié shù qiánchēng wéi yuán jié”, 1945 nián bèi fèi chú, 1966 nián huī hòu gǎi chēng wéi xiàn míng
  
   jiàn guó niàn héng héng 2 yuè 11
  1966 nián 12 yuèzuǒ téng nèi chū 2 yuè 11 zuò wéi jiàn guó niàn 'èr nián kāi shǐ shí shīyuán yóu gōng yuán qián 660 nián 2 yuè 11 dài tiān huáng jiàn guó wèi
  
   yīng huā héng héng 3 yuè 15
   yáng chūn sān yuè yīng huā shèng kāi běn rén mín rèn wéi yīng huā yòu gāo gāngjìngqīng xiù zhì de jīng shén men yīng huā zuò wéi qín láoyǒng gǎnzhì huì de xiàng zhēng bān běn rén xuǎn zài zhè shí hòu chū yóushǎng yīngtóng shí shì zàn měi ránfàng sōng shēn xīn de jué hǎo shí guò tóng zhǒng zhí de huā néng shí zài tóng tiānzǒng yòu xiān hòuér qiě yīng huā de huā hěn duǎnsuǒ zài sān yuè zhè yīng huā guān shǎng yuè xuǎn dìng liǎo 15 sān yuè zhōng xúnwéi yīng huā jiézhè shí hòu jué duō yīng huā kāi liǎozǎo yīng hái wèi quán xiè)。
   yīng huā shì běn de guó huā。“ wèn húncháo yáng xià kàn shān yīng。” yīng huā zài běn jīng yòu qiān duō nián de shǐ běn rén rèn wéi rén shēng duǎn zànhuó zhe jiù yào xiàng yīng huā yàng càn lànér qiěyīng huā lièchún jiégāo shàngyán dōng guò hòu zuì xiān dài lái chūn tiān de xiāo yīn běn zhèng měi nián de 3 yuè 15 zhì 4 yuè 15 dìng wéiyīng huā jié”。 zhè shírén men dài shàng qīn shǔyāo shàng yǒu rénzài yīng huā shù xià 'ér zuòbiān shǎng yīngbiān chàng yǐnshí wéi rén shēng kuài shì
  
   'ér jié héng héng 3 yuè 3
   qiú hái jiàn kāng chéngzhǎng bìng huò xìng
  
   chūn fēn héng héng 3 yuè 20
   jiù chēngchūn huáng líng ”, shì tiān huáng chūn de běn rén zài zhè tiān jìn xíng sǎo huó dòng de xiānzhè tiān shì zàn měi ránài shēng de
  
   jié héng héng 4 yuè 29
   yuán zhāo tiān huáng shēng
  
   xiàn niàn héng héng 5 yuè 3
  1947 nián 5 yuè 3 běn guó xiàn shí xíng
  
   nán hái jié héng héng 5 yuè 5
   zhù yuàn nán hái zhuó zhuàng chéngzhǎng, 1948 nián dìng wéi guó dìng jié jiù shí chēng wéiduān jié”), xiàn zuò wéi nán hái de jié zhè tiān fán yòu nán hái de jiā tíng dōuzài dǐng xuán guà zhì chēng zhì”), mén shàng bǎi chāng quán jiā chī gāo tuán zòng
  
   xià héng héng 8 yuè 15
   zài zhè tiān zhèng huì bàn diàn yóu xíngzhèng mín jiān de shè tuán huì xíng hěn duō biǎo yǎnrén men zhuāng shàng piào liàng de shàng jiē guàng jiēmǎi dōng cān jiā huó dòng jiù shì zhōng guó suǒ shuō de yóu yuán); zhōu biān de diàn miàn zài zhè tiān huì zhuāng shì xīnkāi zhǎn zhǒng bié huó dòngzhè zhǒng miào huì de yuán shǐ yuán xiān lái zhōng guóhòu lái chuán dào běnjié běn de běn wén huàjiù yòu liǎo jīn tiān zhǒng yàng de diàn huó dòngzhú jiàn xíng chéng liǎo běn de mín wén huà
  
   lán pén huì héng héng héng héng nóng yuè shí
   zài nóng yuè shí xíng lán pén jié shì běn mín jiān zuì de chuán tǒng jié yòu chēng " hún "、 " dēng lóng jié "、 " jiào wàn líng huì " děngyuán shì zhuī xiān dǎo míng de xiàn shì jiā tíng tuán yuán cūn huān de jié měi dào lán pén jié shí běn jūn fàngjiàzhì15 tiānrén men gǎn huí xiāng tuán zài xiǎo zhèn nóng cūn shēng huó de rén hái yào chuānzhuó xià de dān tiào lán pén
  
   yuè jiàn héng héng héng héng nóng 8 yuè 15
   zài dōng fāng shì jiè dōuyòu shǎng yuè de guàn běn zài 8 yuè 15 zhè tiān huì zhǔn bèi yòu wán jié xìng shuǐ guǒ děng pǐn bǎi zài chuāng biān gòngfèng yuè liàngrán hòu zài biān shǎng yuèyuè liàng gāo guà zài chéng jìng de qiū kōng zhōng huì xiǎn wài de měiduì nóng wéi běn de běn rén lái shuō shǎng yuè de yuán shì qiú nóng zuò fēng shōu de xíng shìdàn zài xiàn zài shì chún cuì de shǎng yuè 'ér liǎo
  
   jìng lǎo jié héng héng 9 yuè 15
  1966 nián dìng wéi guó jiā jiàrì biǎo shì duì shè huì zuò chū gòng xiàn de lǎo rén de zūn zhòngbìng zhù yuàn men jiàn kāng cháng shòuzhè tiān quán guó xíng qìng zhù huìxiàng lǎo rén zèng sòng niàn pǐn
  
   qiū fēn héng héng 9 yuè 23
   jiù chēngqiū huáng líng ”, shì tiān huáng qiū de mín jiān zài zhè tiān xiān miǎn huái xiān rén
  
   jié héng héng 10 yuè 10
  1964 nián dōng jīng 'ào yùn huì kāi , 1966 nián bèi dìng wéi guó jiā jié qiū yùn dòng huì bān zài zhè tiān xíng
  
   wén huà jié héng héng 11 yuè 3
   1937 nián dìngjiù chēngmíng zhì jié”, shì wéi liǎo niàn míng zhì tiān huáng de dàn chén xiàn zài shì zuò wéi xiàng xuéwén huà shì shàng yòu chū gòng xiàn de rén shòuwén huà xūn zhāngde yīn xūn zhāng shàng yòu huā 'ànsuǒ chēng zhī wéi huā ”。 zhè tiān xué xiào tíng zhì xiē yòu de huó dòng
  
  753 ér tóng jié héng héng 11 yuè 15
   bié wéi 7 suì 3 suì de hái 5 suì de nán hái guò de jié
  
   láo dòng gǎn xiè jié héng héng 11 yuè 23
   1948 nián dìngjiù chēngxīn cháng ”, shì tiān huáng pǐn cháng xīn de zhè tiān shì zūn zhòng láo dòngqìng zhù shēng chǎn de
  
   tiān huáng dàn shēng héng héng 12 yuè 23
   míng rén tiān huáng shēng 1933 nián 12 yuè 23 jiàn guó niàn : 2 yuè 11 'àn yáng tuī suàn chū de dài shén tiān huáng yuán nián de yuán dàn
  
   shèng dàn jié héng héng 12 yuè 25
   zài běn zhǐ xiàn yòu hěn duō réndōu huì zài shèng dàn jiā rén huò nán péng yǒu huàn shèng dàn xiǎng shòu fēng shèng de shèng dàn cāntōng cháng hái huì zhǔn bèi yòu zhuāng shì shèng dàn jié shì yàng de dàn gāo lái qìng zhùwéi xiāo fèi bǎi huò gōng zài shèng dàn jié qián jiù huì kāi shǐ chǎo zuò suǒ wèi de shèng dàn jié huó dòng yuē zài měi nián de 11 yuè hòu bàn yuè bǎi huò gōng shāng diàn jiē jiù huì zhuāng diǎn de fēi cháng měi jìn 'ér kāi shǐ zhǎn kāi lián chuàn de shèng dàn mài huó dòng
  
  
  
  
  【 míng shèng
  
   shì shān
   dōng jīng
   jīn
   yín
   táng zhāo
   ā huǒ shān
   dōng
   yán dǎo shén shè
   píng 'ān shén gōng
   zhì
   qīng shuǐ
   dōng xún fāng
   tiān zhī qiáo tiān qiáo
   yīng dǎo
  
  
  
   shì jiè wén huà chǎn héng bái shān shǐ xiāng cūn
  
   shì jiāng běn chuán tǒng wán zhěng bǎo cún de fàn cūn zhuāng kào zhòngzhí sāng shù zhǎn yǎng cán 'ér zài màn cháng de shǐ jìn chéng zhōng jīhū bèi rén lèi wàng de shān zhōng yán xià láiwèile jiǎn qīng hán lěng dōng de xuě mín men dǐng qīng xié jiā jiàn chéng de shuāng céng máo cǎo dǒu dǐng zhù zháizhè zhǒng bān cháng 18 kuān 10 nèi yòu 3-4 céng lóu miàn bān zhù jiā rényóu dǐng de xíng zhuàng hěn xiàng běn rén bài shén shí shuāng shǒu zhǎng de yàng chēng zhǎng chēngsān jiǎo ”。 zhè xiē cūn zhuāng chú liǎo zài jīng fán róng shàng de wàigèng xiàng shì rén zhǎn shì liǎo dài láo dòng zhě shì yìng huán jìng zhǎn jīng de qín láo pǐn zhì zhì huì
  
  
  【 shǐ míng rén
  
  
   dài míng rén
   ā bèi zhòng
   jiān yuán dào zhēn
   bǎn shàng tián cūn
   shèng tài
   yuán lài cháo
   yuán jīng
   mǎn
  
   zhàn guó míng rén
   zhì tián xìn cháng
   fēng chén xiù
   chuān jiā kāng
   tián xìn xuán
   shàng shān qiān xìn
   máo yuán jiù
   zhèng zōng
   míng zhì guāng xiù
  
   jìn dài zhèng zhì jiā
   bǎn běn lóng
   shèng hǎi zhōu
   jiǔ bǎo tōng
   xiāng lóng shèng
   xiào yǔn
   téng wén
  
   dōng tiáo yīng
   tián zhōng jiǎo róng
  
   jìn dài wén xué shù míng rén
   xià shù shí
   chuān duān kāng chéng
   jiāng jiàn sān láng
   hēi míng
   cūn shàng chūn shù
   dōng shān kuí
   kǒu yīng shì
   guī
  
   běn de zhù míng gāo sēng héng yuán rén shī
   yuán rén shì běn tiān tái zōng de gāo sēng。 838 nián liǎng dào zhōng guó qiú jīng jiǔ nián zhī duōzài shān dōng yóu jìn nián sēng zhòngbǎi xìng guǎng fàn jiē chùxiāng chù róng qiàjié xià liǎo shēn hòu de yǒu qíng。 847 niányuán rén huí guó qīn shēn jiàn wén xiě chéng táng qiú xún xíng shūbèi wéi běn de xuán zàng
  
  
   yīng huā běn jīng shén
   yīng huā shì běn de guó huā bèi běn rén shì wéi jīng shén de xiàng zhēngyīng shù tōng cháng bèi běn rén shì wéi shén shùcóng zuì běi de běi hǎi dào dào zuì nán de chōng shéng dǎodào chù dōuyòu zhòngzhízhè zhǒng měi de zhí měi nián chūn kāi fànghuò fēi hóng huò chún báirán 'ér huā què fēi cháng duǎn zànhuā kāi shí shì huā luò shíjiè shí piàn yīng màn tiān fēi xuě yáng yáng zhī jiānhuā luò mǎn běn rén cháng wéi rèn wéi rén shēng biàn yīng huā bānzhǐ qiú zuì huá měi càn làn de shùnduǎn zàn fángzhè zhǒng xìn niàn tōng cháng huì xiàn zài men shēng huóchù shì zhī dào zhōng jiǔ 'ér jiǔ zhī biàn péi yǎng chū liǎo běn rén yòu de qiē qiú xiàng shàngjiān rěn de mín jīng shén
  
  
  
  
   běn yuán shuō shì xiǎo dài de chuán duì de hòu
  
  
  
  【 běn shǐ shàng shēng de zhèn
  
  1923 nián 9 yuè 1 dōng jīng shēng shì 7.9 zhènzào chéng 142807 rén wáng
  1927 nián 3 yuè 7 běn jīng shēng shì 7.3 zhènzào chéng 2925 rén wáng
  1933 nián 3 yuè 3 běn zhōu dǎo běi sān shēng shì 8.1 zhènzào chéng 3008 rén wáng
  1943 nián 9 yuè 10 běn hǎi 'àn niǎo xiàn shēng shì 7.2 zhènzào chéng 1083 rén wáng
  1944 nián 12 yuè 7 běn zhōng tài píng yáng hǎi 'àn shēng shì 7.9 zhènzào chéng 998 rén wáng
  1945 nián 1 yuè 13 běn zhōng míng jìn sān chuān shēng shì 6.8 zhènzào chéng 2306 rén wáng
  1946 nián 12 yuè 21 běn miàn shēng shì 8.0 zhènzào chéng 1443 rén wáng
  1995 nián 1 yuè 17 běn shén jìn shēng shì 7.3 zhènzào chéng 6437 rén wáng huò shī zōng
  2004 nián 10 yuè 23 běn zhōng xīn shēng shì 6.8 zhènzào chéng 67 rén wáng
  2008 nián 6 yuè 14 běn yán shǒu xiàn shēng shì 7.3 zhèn jīng zào chéng 27 rén wáng, 15 rén shī zōng, 190 duō rén shòu shāng
  【 gōng
  
   běi jiǔ zhōu gōng
   lái nèi hǎi gōng
   bǎn shén gōng
   míng gōng
   dōng hǎi xīn gōng
   jīng bīn gōng
   běi xīn gōng
  ( zhù yào fēn zàitài píng yáng yán 'àn lái nèi hǎi yán 'àn


  Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon?, officially 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku) is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes identified as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
  
  Japan comprises over 3,000 islands making it an archipelago. The largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for 97% of Japan's land area. Most of the islands are mountainous, many volcanic; for example, Japan’s highest peak, Mount Fuji, is a volcano. Japan has the world's tenth largest population, with about 128 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
  
  Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan begins with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century AD.
  
  Influence from the outside world followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. Since adopting its constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament, the Diet.
  
  A major economic power, Japan has the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP. It is a member of the United Nations, G8, G4, OECD and APEC, with the world's fifth largest defense budget. It is also the world's fourth largest exporter and sixth largest importer and a world leader in technology and machinery.
  
  The English word Japan is an exonym not used in the Japanese language. The Japanese names for Japan are Nippon (にっぽん) and Nihon (にほん). They are both written in Japanese using the kanji 日本. The Japanese name Nippon is used for most official purposes, including on Japanese money, postage stamps, and for many international sporting events. Nihon is a more casual term and the most frequently used in contemporary speech.
  
  Both Nippon and Nihon literally mean "the sun's origin" and are often translated as the Land of the Rising Sun. This nomenclature comes from Imperial correspondence with Chinese Sui Dynasty and refers to Japan's eastward position relative to China. Before Japan had relations with China, it was known as Yamato and Hi no moto, which means "source of the sun".
  
  The English word for Japan came to the West from early trade routes. The early Mandarin Chinese or possibly Wu Chinese word for Japan was recorded by Marco Polo as Cipangu. The modern Shanghainese (a Wu Chinese dialect 呉語) pronunciation of characters 日本 (Japan) is still Zeppen [zəʔpən] (in Wu language, 日 has two pronounciations 白读:niʔ or 文读:zəʔ, in some regions in South Wu, it is pronounced as niʔpən, similar to that of Japanese). The old Malay word for Japan, Jepang (modern spelling Jepun, although Indonesian has retained the older spelling), was borrowed from a Chinese language, and this Malay word was encountered by Portuguese traders in Malacca in the 16th century. It is thought the Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to Europe. It was first recorded in English in 1577 spelled Giapan.
  
  History
  
  The first signs of occupation on the Japanese Archipelago appeared with a Paleolithic culture around 30,000 BC, followed from around 14,000 BC by the Jōmon period, a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture of pit dwelling and a rudimentary form of agriculture. Decorated clay vessels from this period, often with plaited patterns, are some of the oldest surviving examples of pottery in the world.
  
  The Yayoi period, starting around the third century BC, introduced new practices, such as wet-rice farming, iron and bronze-making and a new style of pottery, brought by migrants from China or Korea. With the development of Yayoi culture, a predominantly agricultural society emerged in Japan.
  
  The Japanese first appear in written history in China’s Book of Han. According to the Chinese Records of Three Kingdoms, the most powerful kingdom on the archipelago during the third century was called Yamataikoku.
  
  The Great Buddha in Kamakura (1252).Buddhism was first introduced to Japan from Baekje of the Korean Peninsula, but the subsequent development of Japanese Buddhism and Buddhist sculptures were primarily influenced by China. Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class and eventually gained growing acceptance since the Asuka period.
  
  The Nara period of the eighth century marked the first emergence of a strong central Japanese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of Heijō-kyō, or modern day Nara. In addition to the continuing adoption of Chinese administrative practices, the Nara period is characterized by the appearance of a nascent written literature with the completion of the massive chronicles Kojiki (712) and Nihon Shoki (720). (Nara was not the first capital city in Japan, though. Before Nara, Fujiwara-kyō and Asuka served as capitals of the Yamato state.)
  
  In 784, Emperor Kammu moved the capital from Nara to Nagaoka-kyō for a brief ten-year period, before relocating it to Heian-kyō (modern day Kyoto) in 794, where it remained for more than a millennium. This marked the beginning of the Heian period, during which time a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged, noted for its art, poetry and literature. Lady Murasaki's The Tale of Genji and the lyrics of modern Japan's national anthem, Kimi ga Yo were written during this time.
  
  Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. In 1185, following the defeat of the rival Taira clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed Shogun and established a base of power in Kamakura. After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan came to rule as regents for the shoguns. Zen Buddhism was introduced from China in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class. The Kamakura shogunate managed to repel Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281, aided by a storm that the Japanese interpreted as a kamikaze, or Divine Wind. The Kamakura shogunate was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo, who was soon himself defeated by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336. The succeeding Ashikaga shogunate failed to control the feudal warlords (daimyo), and a civil war erupted (the Ōnin War) in 1467 which opened a century-long Sengoku period.
  
  During the sixteenth century, traders and Jesuit missionaries from Portugal reached Japan for the first time, initiating active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West (Nanban trade).
  
  The 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki.Oda Nobunaga conquered numerous other daimyo by using European technology and firearms and had almost unified the nation when he was assassinated in 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded Nobunaga and united the nation in 1590. Hideyoshi invaded Korea twice, but following several defeats by Korean and Ming China forces and Hideyoshi's death, Japanese troops were withdrawn in 1598.
  
  After Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu utilized his position as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed shōgun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted a variety of measures such as Buke shohatto to control the autonomous daimyo. In 1639, the shogunate began the isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period. The study of Western sciences, known as rangaku, continued during this period through contacts with the Dutch enclave at Dejima in Nagasaki. The Edo period also gave rise to kokugaku, or literally "national studies", the study of Japan by the Japanese themselves.
  
  On March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ships" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the Convention of Kanagawa. Subsequent similar treaties with the Western countries in the Bakumatsu period brought Japan into economic and political crises. The abundance of the prerogative and the resignation of the shogunate led to the Boshin War and the establishment of a centralized state unified under the name of the Emperor (Meiji Restoration). Adopting Western political, judicial and military institutions, the Cabinet organized the Privy Council, introduced the Meiji Constitution, and assembled the Imperial Diet. The Meiji Restoration transformed the Empire of Japan into an industrialized world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to expand the nation's sphere of influence. After victories in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Japan gained control of Taiwan, Korea, and the southern half of Sakhalin.
  
  The early twentieth century saw a brief period of "Taisho democracy" overshadowed by the rise of expansionism and militarization. World War I enabled Japan, which joined the side of the victorious Allies, to expand its influence and territorial holdings. Japan continued its expansionist policy by occupying Manchuria in 1931. As a result of international condemnation for this occupation, Japan resigned from the League of Nations two years later. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, joining the Axis powers in 1941.
  
  In 1937, Japan invaded other parts of China, precipitating the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States naval base in Pearl Harbor and declared war on the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. This act brought the United States into World War II. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, along with the Soviet Union joining the war against it, Japan agreed to an unconditional surrender on August 15 (Victory over Japan Day). The war cost Japan millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, was convened by the Allies (on May 3, 1946) to prosecute Japanese leaders for war crimes such as the Nanking Massacre.
  
  In 1947, Japan adopted a new pacifist constitution emphasizing liberal democratic practices. The Allied occupation ended by the Treaty of San Francisco in 1952 and Japan was granted membership in the United Nations in 1956. Japan later achieved spectacular growth to become the second largest economy in the world, with an annual growth rate averaging 10% for four decades. This ended in the mid-1990s when Japan suffered a major recession. Positive growth in the early twenty-first century has signaled a gradual recovery.
  
  Government and politics
  
  The National Diet Building, in Nagatachō, Tokyo.Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected members of the Diet, while sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people. The Emperor effectively acts as the head of state on diplomatic occasions. Akihito is the current Emperor of Japan. Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, stands as next in line to the throne.
  
  Japan's legislative organ is the National Diet, a bicameral parliament. The Diet consists of a House of Representatives, containing 480 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved and a House of Councillors of 242 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. There is universal suffrage for adults over 20 years of age, with a secret ballot for all elective offices. The liberal conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has been in power since 1955, except for a short-lived coalition government formed from opposition parties in 1993. The largest opposition party is the social liberal Democratic Party of Japan.
  
  The Prime Minister of Japan is the head of government. The position is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet (the literal translation of his Japanese title is "Prime Minister of the Cabinet") and appoints and dismisses the Ministers of State, a majority of whom must be Diet members. Yasuo Fukuda currently serves as the Prime Minister of Japan.
  
  Historically influenced by Chinese law, the Japanese legal system developed independently during the Edo period through texts such as Kujikata Osadamegaki. However, since the late nineteenth century, the judicial system has been largely based on the civil law of Europe, notably France and Germany. For example, in 1896, the Japanese government established a civil code based on the German model. With post-World War II modifications, the code remains in effect in present-day Japan. Statutory law originates in Japan's legislature, the National Diet of Japan, with the rubber stamp approval of the Emperor. The current constitution requires that the Emperor promulgates legislation passed by the Diet, without specifically giving him the power to oppose the passing of the legislation. Japan's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts. The main body of Japanese statutory law is a collection called the Six Codes.
  
  Foreign relations and military
  
  Yasuo Fukuda with US President George W. Bush
  Sailors aboard the JMSDF training vessel JDS KashimaJapan maintains close economic and military relations with its key ally the United States, with the U.S.-Japan security alliance serving as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. A member state of the United Nations since 1956, Japan has served as a non-permanent Security Council member for a total of 18 years, most recently in 2005–2006. It is also one of the G4 nations seeking permanent membership in the Security Council. As a member of the G8, the APEC, the "ASEAN Plus Three" and a participant in the East Asia Summit, Japan actively participates in international affairs. It is also the world's second-largest donor of official development assistance, donating US$8.86 bn in 2004. Japan contributed non-combatant troops to the Iraq War but subsequently withdrew its forces from Iraq.
  
  Japan is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors: with Russia over the South Kuril Islands, with South Korea over the Liancourt Rocks, with the People's Republic of China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands and the EEZ around Okinotorishima.
  
  Japan also faces an ongoing dispute with North Korea over its abduction of Japanese citizens and its nuclear weapons and missile program (see also Six-party talks). As a result of the Kuril Islands dispute, Japan is technically still at war with Russia since no treaty resolving the issue was ever signed.
  
  Japan's military is restricted by the Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which renounces Japan's right to declare war or use military force as a means of settling international disputes. Japan's military is governed by the Ministry of Defense, and primarily consists of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). The forces have been recently used in peacekeeping operations and the deployment of Japanese troops to Iraq marked the first overseas use of its military since World War II.
  
  Administrative divisions
  
  Map of the prefectures of Japan in ISO 3166-2:JP order and the regions of Japan.While there exist eight commonly defined regions of Japan, administratively Japan consists of forty-seven prefectures, each overseen by an elected governor, legislature and administrative bureaucracy. The former city of Tokyo is further divided into twenty-three special wards, each with the same powers as cities.
  
  The nation is currently undergoing administrative reorganization by merging many of the cities, towns and villages with each other. This process will reduce the number of sub-prefecture administrative regions and is expected to cut administrative costs.
  
  Japan has dozens of major cities, which play an important role in Japan's culture, heritage and economy. Those in the list below of the ten most populous are all prefectural capitals and government ordinance cities, except where indicated:
  
  Geography
  
  Japan from space, May 2003.
  Mount Fuji
  Mount Yari, Nagano Prefecture in August
  Beach in Minnajima, Okinawa in SeptemberJapan is a country of over three thousand islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia. The main islands, running from north to south, are Hokkaidō, Honshū (the main island), Shikoku and Kyūshū. The Ryukyu Islands, including Okinawa, are a chain of islands south of Kyushū. Together they are often known as the Japanese Archipelago.
  
  About 70% to 80% of the country is forested, mountainous, and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial, or residential use. This is because of the generally steep elevations, climate and risk of landslides caused by earthquakes, soft ground and heavy rain. This has resulted in an extremely high population density in the habitable zones that are mainly located in coastal areas. Japan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.
  
  Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, at the juncture of three tectonic plates, gives Japan frequent low-intensity tremors and occasional volcanic activity. Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunamis, occur several times each century. The most recent major quakes are the 2004 Chūetsu earthquake and the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995. Hot springs are numerous and have been developed as resorts.
  
  The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate, but varies greatly from north to south. Japan's geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones:
  
  Hokkaidō: The northernmost zone has a temperate climate with long, cold winters and cool summers. Precipitation is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snow banks in the winter.
  Sea of Japan: On Honshū's west coast, the northwest wind in the wintertime brings heavy snowfall. In the summer, the region is cooler than the Pacific area, though it sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures, because of the foehn wind phenomenon.
  Central Highland: A typical inland climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter, and between day and night. Precipitation is light.
  Seto Inland Sea: The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions shelter the region from the seasonal winds, bringing mild weather throughout the year.
  Pacific Ocean: The east coast experiences cold winters with little snowfall and hot, humid summers because of the southeast seasonal wind.
  Ryukyu Islands: The Ryukyu Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season. Typhoons are common.
  The hottest temperature ever measured in Japan — 40.9 degrees Celsius — was recorded on August 16, 2007.
  
  The main rainy season begins in early May in Okinawa, and the stationary rain front responsible for this gradually works its way north until it dissipates in northern Japan before reaching Hokkaidō in late July. In most of Honshū, the rainy season begins before the middle of June and lasts about six weeks. In late summer and early autumn, typhoons often bring heavy rain.
  
  Japan is home to nine forest ecoregions which reflect the climate and geography of the islands. They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Ryūkyū and Bonin islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands.
  
  
  Environment
  
  Japan's environmental history and current policies reflect a tenuous balance between economic development and environmental protection. In the rapid economic growth after the World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations. As an inevitable consequence, some crucial environmental pollution (see Pollution in Japan) occurred in 1950s and 1960s. In the rising concern over the problem, the government introduced many environmental protection laws in 1970 and established the Ministry of the Environment in 1971. The Oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy due to Japan's lack of natural resources. Current priority environmental issues include urban air pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, toxics), waste management, water eutrophication, nature conservation, climate change, chemical management and international co-operation for environmental conservation.
  
  Today Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development of new environment-friendly technologies. Honda and Toyota hybrid electric vehicles were named to have the highest fuel economy and lowest emissions. This is due to the advanced technology in hybrid systems, biofuels, use of lighter weight material and better engineering.
  
  Japan also takes issues surrounding climate change and global warming seriously. As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under treaty obligations to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps related to curbing climate change. The Cool Biz campaign introduced under former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi was targeted at reducing energy use through the reduction of air conditioning use in government offices. Japan is preparing to force industry to make big cuts in greenhouse gases, taking the lead in a country struggling to meet its Kyoto Protocol obligations.
  
  Japan is ranked 30th best in the world in the Environmental Sustainability Index.
  
  Economy
  
  The automobile industry is among the chief elements of the country's economy and exports.Japan's economy is characterized by low overall taxation and overwhelmingly private sector economy compared to most Western countries, high economic freedom, close government-industry cooperation for economic growth, emphasis on science and technology, and strong work ethic. Extraordinary relationship-based - rather than productive - arrangements in the financial sector and employment, along with relatively shallow international competition in domestic markets, are among widely acknowledged causes behind the protracted lost decade in the 1990s. Slowly progressing reforms took pace in the mid-2000s and higher growth rates were seen after 2005. Japan is the second largest economy in the world, after the United States, at around US$4.5 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and third after the United States and China in terms of purchasing power parity.
  
  Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation and telecommunications are all major industries. Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the largest, leading and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles and processed foods. Construction has long been one of Japan's largest industries, with the help of multi-billion dollar government contracts in the civil sector. Distinguishing characteristics of the Japanese economy have included the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and banks in closely-knit groups called keiretsu and the guarantee of lifetime employment in big corporations. Recently, Japanese companies have begun to abandon some of these norms in an attempt to increase profitability.
  
  The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the second largest in the world.Japan is also home to some of the largest financial services companies, business groups and bank such as Sony, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi and Toyota. It is also home to the world's largest bank by asset, Japan Post Bank (US$3.2 trillion) and others such as Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (US$1.2 trillion), Mizuho Financial Group (US$1.4 trillion) and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (US$1.3 trillion). The Tokyo Stock Exchange with a market capitalization of over 549.7 trillion Yen as of December 2006 stands as the second largest in the world.
  
  From the 1960s to the 1980s, overall real economic growth has been called a "miracle": a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, largely because of the after-effects of over-investment during the late 1980s and domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Government efforts to revive economic growth met with little success and were further hampered in 2000 to 2001 by the deceleration of the global economy. However, the economy showed strong signs of recovery after 2005. GDP growth for that year was 2.8%, with an annualized fourth quarter expansion of 5.5%, surpassing the growth rates of the US and European Union during the same period.
  
  Because only about 15% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, a system of terrace farming is used to build in small areas. This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, while the agricultural subsidies and protection are costly to the economy. Japan imports about 50% of its requirements of grain and fodder crops other than rice, and it relies on imports for most of its supply of meat. In fishing, Japan is ranked second in the world behind China in tonnage of fish caught. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. Japan relies on foreign countries for almost all oil and food. Overall taxation as a percentage of GDP was 26.4% in 2007, less than any major Western country. Less than half of employees pay income tax at all and VAT is very low at 5%, albeit corporate tax rates are high.
  
  Transportation in Japan is highly developed. As of 2004, there are 1,177,278 km (731,683 s) of paved roadways, 173 airports, and 23,577 km (14,653 miles) of railways. Air transport is mostly operated by All Nippon Airways (ANA) and Japan Airlines (JAL). Railways are operated by Japan Railways Group among others. There are extensive international flights from many cities and countries to and from Japan.
  
  Japan's main export partners are the United States 22.8%, the European Union 14.5%, China 14.3%, South Korea 7.8%, Taiwan 6.8% and Hong Kong 5.6% (for 2006). Japan's main exports are transport equipment, motor vehicles, electronics, electrical machinery and chemicals. With very limited natural resources to sustain economic development, Japan depends on other nations for most of its raw materials; thus it imports a wide variety of goods. Its main import partners are China 20.5%, U.S. 12.0%, the European Union 10.3%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, UAE 5.5%, Australia 4.8%, South Korea 4.7% and Indonesia 4.2% (for 2006). Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs (in particular beef), chemicals, textiles and raw materials for its industries. Overall, Japan's largest trading partners are China and the United States.
  
  Science and technology
  
  Press release photo of the most recent ASIMO model.Japan is one of the leading nations in the fields of scientific research, particularly technology, machinery and biomedical research. Nearly 700,000 researchers share a US$130 billion research and development budget, the third largest in the world. For instance some of Japan's more prominent technological contributions are found in the fields of electronics, automobiles, machinery, industrial robotics, optics, chemicals, semiconductors and metals. Japan leads the world in robotics production and use, possessing more than half (402,200 of 742,500) of the world's industrial robots used for manufacturing. It also produced QRIO, ASIMO and AIBO. Japan is the world's largest producer of automobiles and home to six of the world's fifteen largest automobile manufacturers and seven of the world's twenty largest semiconductor sales leaders as of today.
  
  Japan has plans in space exploration, including building a moonbase by 2030. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) conducts space and planetary research, aviation research, and development of rockets and satellites. It is a participant in the International Space Station and the Japanese Experiment Module (Kibo) is slated to be added to the International Space Station during Space Shuttle assembly flights in 2008.
  
  Demographics
  
  A view of Shibuya crossing, an example of Tokyo's often crowded streets.
  Shinto torii at Fushimi Inari-taisha, Kyoto.Japan's population is estimated at around 127.3 million. For the most part, Japanese society is linguistically and culturally homogeneous with small populations of foreign workers, Zainichi Koreans, Zainichi Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese Brazilians and others. The most dominant native ethnic group is the Yamato people; the primary minority groups include the indigenous Ainu and Ryukyuan, as well as social minority groups like the burakumin.
  
  Japan has one of the highest life expectancy rates in the world, at 81.25 years of age as of 2006. The Japanese population is rapidly aging, the effect of a post-war baby boom followed by a decrease in births in the latter part of the twentieth century. In 2004, about 19.5% of the population was over the age of 65.
  
  The changes in the demographic structure have created a number of social issues, particularly a potential decline in the workforce population and increases in the cost of social security benefits such as the public pension plan. Many Japanese youth are increasingly preferring not to marry or have families as adults. Japan's population is expected to drop to 100 million by 2050 and to 64 million by 2100. Demographers and government planners are currently in a heated debate over how to cope with this problem. Immigration and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population.
  
  Japanese religiosity
  religion percent
  Shinto and Buddhism   95%
  Others   4%
  Christianity   0.8%
  
  The highest estimates for the amount of Buddhists and Shintoists in Japan is 84-96%, representing a large number of believers in a syncretism of both religions. However, these estimates are based on people with an association with a temple, rather than the number of people truly following the religion. Professor Robert Kisala (Nanzan University) suggests that only 30 percent of the population identify themselves as belonging to a religion.
  
  Taoism and Confucianism from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs. Religion in Japan tends to be syncretic in nature, and this results in a variety of practices, such as parents and children celebrating Shinto rituals, students praying before exams, couples holding a wedding at a Christian church and funerals being held at Buddhist temples. A minority (0.7%) profess to Christianity. In addition, since the mid-19th century, numerous religious sects (Shinshūkyō) have emerged in Japan, such as Tenrikyo and Aum Shinrikyo (or Aleph).
  
  About 99% of the population speaks Japanese as their first language. It is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary which indicate the relative status of speaker and listener. According to a Japanese dictionary Shinsen-kokugojiten, Chinese-based words comprise 49.1% of the total vocabulary, indigenous words are 33.8% and other loanwords are 8.8%. The writing system uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals. The Ryukyuan languages, also part of the Japonic language family to which Japanese belongs, are spoken in Okinawa, but few children learn these languages. The Ainu language is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaidō. Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English.
  
  Largest cities of Japan view • talk • edit
   Core City Prefecture Population Core City Prefecture Population
  1 Tokyo Tokyo 8,483,050
  Tokyo
  
  Yokohama 7 Kyoto Kyoto 1,474,764
  2 Yokohama Kanagawa 3,579,133 8 Fukuoka Fukuoka 1,400,621
  3 Osaka Osaka 2,628,776 9 Kawasaki Kanagawa 1,327,009
  4 Nagoya Aichi 2,215,031 10 Saitama Saitama 1,176,269
  5 Sapporo Hokkaidō 1,880,875 11 Hiroshima Hiroshima 1,159,391
  6 Kobe Hyōgo 1,525,389 12 Sendai Miyagi 1,028,214
  Source: 2005 Census
  
  Education and health
  
  Yasuda Auditorium, University of Tokyo.Primary, secondary schools and universities were introduced into Japan in 1872 as a result of the Meiji Restoration. Since 1947, compulsory education in Japan consists of elementary school and middle school, which lasts for nine years (from age 6 to age 15). Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior high school, and, according to the MEXT, about 75.9% of high school graduates attend a university, junior college, trade school, or other post-secondary institution in 2005. Japan's education is very competitive, especially for entrance to institutions of higher education. The two top-ranking universities in Japan are the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD, currently ranks Japanese knowledge and skills of 15-year-olds as the 6th best in the world.
  
  In Japan, healthcare services are provided by national and local governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal health care insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with fees set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance. Patients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice.
  
  Culture and recreation
  
  The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1832), an ukiyo-e from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai.Japanese culture has evolved greatly over the years, from the country's original Jōmon culture to its contemporary culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. Traditional Japanese arts include crafts (ikebana, origami, ukiyo-e, dolls, lacquerware, pottery), performances (bunraku, dance, kabuki, noh, rakugo), traditions (games, tea ceremony, Budō, architecture, gardens, swords) and cuisine. The fusion of traditional woodblock printing and Western art led to the creation of manga, a typically Japanese comic book format that is now popular within and outside Japan. Manga-influenced animation for television and film is called anime. Japanese-made video game consoles have prospered since the 1980s.
  
  Japanese music is eclectic, having borrowed instruments, scales and styles from neighboring cultures. Many instruments, such as the koto, were introduced in the ninth and tenth centuries. The accompanied recitative of the Noh drama dates from the fourteenth century and the popular folk music, with the guitar-like shamisen, from the sixteenth. Western music, introduced in the late nineteenth century, now forms an integral part of the culture. Post-war Japan has been heavily influenced by American and European modern music, which has led to the evolution of popular band music called J-pop.
  
  Karaoke is the most widely practiced cultural activity. A November 1993 survey by the Cultural Affairs Agency found that more Japanese had sung karaoke that year than had participated in traditional cultural pursuits such as flower arranging or tea ceremony.
  
  
  A Japanese gardenThe earliest works of Japanese literature include two history books the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki and the eighth century poetry book Man'yōshū, all written in Chinese characters. In the early days of the Heian period, the system of transcription known as kana (Hiragana and Katakana) was created as phonograms. The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter is considered the oldest Japanese narrative. An account of Heian court life is given by The Pillow Book written by Sei Shōnagon, while The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki is often described as the world's first novel. During the Edo period, literature became not so much the field of the samurai aristocracy as that of the chōnin, the ordinary people. Yomihon, for example, became popular and reveals this profound change in the readership and authorship. The Meiji era saw the decline of traditional literary forms, during which Japanese literature integrated Western influences. Natsume Sōseki and Mori Ōgai were the first "modern" novelists of Japan, followed by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, Tanizaki Jun'ichirō, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukio Mishima and, more recently, Haruki Murakami. Japan has two Nobel Prize-winning authors — Yasunari Kawabata (1968) and Kenzaburo Oe (1994).
  
  Sports
  
  Sumo, a traditional Japanese sport.Traditionally, sumo is considered Japan's national sport and it is one of the most popular spectator sports in Japan. Martial arts such as judo, karate and kendō are also widely practiced and enjoyed by spectators in the country. After the Meiji Restoration, many Western sports were introduced in Japan and began to spread through the education system.
  
  The professional baseball league in Japan was established in 1936. Today baseball is the most popular spectator sport in the country. One of the most famous Japanese baseball players is Ichiro Suzuki, who, having won Japan's Most Valuable Player award in 1994, 1995 and 1996, now plays in North American Major League Baseball. Prior to that, Sadaharu Oh was well-known outside Japan, having hit more home runs during his career in Japan than his contemporary, Hank Aaron, did in America.
  
  Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League in 1992, association football (soccer) has also gained a wide following. Japan was a venue of the Intercontinental Cup from 1981 to 2004 and co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea. Japan is one of the most successful soccer teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup three times.
  
  Golf is also popular in Japan, as is auto racing, the Super GT sports car series and Formula Nippon formula racing. Twin Ring Motegi was completed in 1997 by Honda in order to bring IndyCar racing to Japan.
dōng dǎo guó
  dōng dǎo guózài tài píng yáng zhōng guó dōng hǎi xiāng wànglǐng zhù yào yóu běn zhōu guójiǔ zhōu běi hǎi dào dǎo chéngmiàn 37 77 wàn píng fāng qiān rén kǒu 1 2527 (1995 nián )。 shǒu dōng jīng fēn wéi shān qiū língduō huǒ shān zhènwēn dài hǎi yáng xìng fēng hòu wéi zhùshì jiè jīng guógōng gāo diàn chē zhì zào yóu wéi chūwài mào zài jīng zhōng zhàn zhòng yào wèiyáng shì jiè qián liè
rì běn rì běn
  guó míng zhōu dōng de dǎo guó
yóu Travel
   běn zuì jiā yóu shí jiān běn wèi 'ōu tài píng yáng de jiāo jiè chù xiàng biàn huà shí fēn běn hǎi tài píng yáng shān píng nèi dài yán hǎi dài děng suí zhe de tóng hòu yòu zhe xiǎn zhù de chā de jié biàn huà jiào wéi míng xiǎn
   yóu xíng nán běi xiá cháng běn de hòu fēn wéi xià lèiběi hǎi dào dōng běi shǔ hán dài duō hòu chōng shéng yǎn měi dǎo shǔ dài hòu ér běn shǔ wēn nuǎn cháo shī hòu zhè xiē zhī jiān de wēn chā bié tóng zài tiān zhōng de wēn chā jiào
   zǒng lái shuō běn de rán jǐng guān jiē měi yòu fēng màochūn tiān shǎng yīngxià tiān guān xīn qiū yín yǒng hóng dōng ruì xuědōushì shí fēn yòu qíng de běn mín jié qìng huó dòng: 1 yuè 1 yuán dàn quán jiā huì yǐn jiǔzài jiā mén kǒu chā shàng sōng zhī dào cǎo zhì de huā cǎi shén shè xiāng bài nián
  2 yuè 3 jié fēn biǎo shì chūn tiān kāi shǐ de rén men jiāng dòu zài jiā zhōng chù shì xié
  3 yuè 3 wán 'ǒu jié yòu chēng chú yòu hái de jiā tíng yào guà dài gōng tíng múyàng de wán 'ǒu zuò wéi zhuāng shìbìng yǐn tián jiǔ qìng zhù
  5 yuè 5 'ér tóng jié shí shì nán hái de jié yòu nán hái de jiā tíng zài wài guà shàng xiàng zhēng liàng de zhǐ jiā zhōng bǎi fàng wán shì kuī jiáchī zhì de gāo diǎn qìng zhù
  7 yuè 7 qiǎo jié qìng zhù niú láng zhì de xiāng huìrén men jiāng xiě yòu yuàn wàng de cǎi zhǐ tiē zài zhú zhī shàng qiú yuàn
  8 yuè 15 lán jié zài shàng fàng dēng lóng yǐn lǐng qīn rén de líng hún huí jiābìng tiào zhǒng míng wéi pén yǒng de dǎo
   jìng qīng de chá dào
   běn de chá dào yuán zhōng guóquè yòu shēn xíng chéng zhǎn de shū nèi yùn
   chá dào yòu fán suǒ de guī chéngchá yào niǎn jīng chá yào gān jìngzhù chí rén de dòng zuò yào guī fàn yào yòu dǎo bān de jié zòu gǎn piāo gǎnyòu yào zhǔn què dào wèi
   běn chá dào shì zài cháng chá fàn shìde chǔ shàng zhǎn lái de jiāng cháng shēng huó zōng jiàozhé xuélún měi xué lián láichéng wéi mén zōng xìng de wén huà shù huó dòng jǐn jǐn shì zhì xiǎng shòuzhù yào shì tōng guò chá huì xué chá lái dào táo xìng qíngpéi yǎng rén de shěn měi guān dào guān niàn de mùdìzhèng sāng tián zhōng qīn shuō de:“ chá dào cóng dān chún de wèi qián jìn wéi biǎo xiàn běn rén cháng shēng huó wén huà de guī fàn xiǎng。” shí liù shì qiān xiū chéng dài chá dào jīng shénchuàng liǎo běn zhèng zōng chá dào chū de jìng qīng ”, yòng jiǎn jié 'ér nèi hán fēng 。“ qīng shì zhǐ lěng jùntián dànxián de shěn měi guān;“ jìngbiǎo shì duì lái bīn de zūn zhòng
   xiàngpū
  “ xiàngpūhěn shòu běn rén de 'àibèi men chēng wéiguó ”。 běn rén xīn jiā jiàn chéng zhī shōu dào xiàngpū xuǎn shǒu de míng piàn wéi róng
   xiàngpū yùn dòng de běn xíng shì shì liǎng pàng pàng de xuǎn shǒu zài yuán huán jìn xíng ròu zhàn men de zhuāng shù hěn jiǎn dānzhǐ zài yāo jiān tiáodōu dāng zhē zhù xià shēnyòu hěn duō de xiàngpū yùn dòng yuán dōushì xiāng cūn pín hán rén jiā de cóng xiǎo jiù jiē shòuxiàngpū de jiào dàochū rén tóu de mùdìwéi bǎo zhèng néng gòu bǎo chí zhù féi pàng de shēn cáixiàngpū xuǎn shǒu měi tiān de yùn dòng liàng hěn xiǎoyīn wéi zài běn de xiàngpū sài zhōngshì fēn zhòng liàng bié dezài zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng xiàdāng rán shì yuè zhòng yuè yòu suǒ běn de xiàngpū nán xuǎn shǒuyuèbiāo féi pàng”, yíng de jiù gèng wèile jìn liàng zhǎngpàngxuǎn shǒu men měi tiān chú liǎo bǎo cān liǎng dùn fàn wài jiù shì cháng shí jiān de shuì jué jiān zhǐ jìn xíng duǎn shí jiān de xùn liàn
   jīn běn xiàngpū jiè wèile shǐ xiāng yùn dòng zǒu xiàng 'ào yùn huì zhèng shì sài xiàng duì xiàngpū jìn xíng liǎo hěn duō gǎi hòu de xiàngpū yùn dòng yuán néng zài yào zhè me pàng liǎo
   gāo de huā dào
   huā dào yòu chēngchā huā”, shì běn yòu de zhǒng chuán tǒng shù yuán jiào de gōng huāshì suí zhe jiào cóng zhōng guó chuán běn dezhè zhǒng shù jiǎng jiū de shì jiāng xiān huā de cái jié gòu tiānrén de xíng tài xiāng jié cóng 'ér chuàng zào chū yōu měi de xíng tàichā huā shù de liú pài yòu 2000 héng 3000 zuì de yào shù chí fāng liǎo shuō 100 wàn míng shì xiǎo yuán liúcǎo yuè liú děngzhù yào yòu xià zhǒng xíng shì
   huā shì shū yuàn kān de zhuāng shì huāshì chí fāng zhuān qìng zài shì dīng shí dài chuàng zào decǎi yòng de shì sōng shùtáo huāzhú liǔ hóng biǎn bǎi děngzhī suǒ chēng wéi huāshì shùn zhe cǎo xiàng shàng de shì 'ér cǎi shù de chā yào yòng tiě lái diào zhěng huā cái de róng zài zài xiàn rán de jǐng zhì
   shēng huā shì shǐ huā bǎo chí shēng mìng de biǎo xiàn fāng shǐ yòng de shì xiān huājiāng shí dài zhōng zhuān mén zhāo dài rén de shēng huā jīng dàn shēng zhù yào bèi fàng zài kān shàngshēng huā zhù yào biǎo xiàn de bìng shì huā de měiér shì shēn zhǎn kāi lái de shēng mìng diào gāo shàngxuàn duān zhuāng shì shēng huā de zhēng
   tóu huā shì zài zòng shēn de huā chā shàng huā zhīshǐ bǎo chí rán xíng tàijiù xiàng shì suí tóu shìdeyīn 'ér míngyòu diào zài kān shàngguà zài zhù shàng fàng zài kān xià miàn sān zhǒng xíng shì
   shèng huā shì yòng xiān huā zhuāng mǎn shuǐ pán huò lán míng zhì yóu yáng huā de zāi péi yáng jiàn zhù de zēng jiācái chū xiàn zhè zhǒng xiàn kān zhuāng shì de chā huā shì xiàn dài chā huā shù de zhù liú
   běn bié xǐngjiāo tōng zài běnchē liàng dōushì kào zuǒ xíng shǐ dezhè diǎn zhōng guó gāng hǎo xiāng fǎnqǐng chū dào běn de yóu zhù zài guò shí dìng yào chē liàng de xíng shǐ fāng xiàng yào nòng cuò
   xiāo fèi zài běn xiāo fèi shí bān néng hái jià bié shì zài bǎi huò diàn biāo chū de jià gòu mǎi dōng shì zhǒng bèi biàn jiē shòu de guīju guǒ fēi yào jiān chí hái jià néng huì zāo dào lěng guò běn xiāo fèi zhōng shì méi yòu xiǎo fèi de guàn deyīn wéi zài zhàng dān zhōng jīng bāo kuò liǎo suǒ yòu de fèi yòngsuǒ jiù zài duō liǎo
   shǒu shí běn rén duì shǒu shí de yào qiú hěn yán rén mendōu rèn wéi gāi yīn wéi chí dào 'ér làng fèi bié rén de shí jiān guǒ yīn wéi mǒu zhǒng yuán yīn miǎn chí dào shí yào diàn huà gào duì fāng běn rén duì shǒu shí de rén shì méi yòu xìn lài gǎn de
   měi zhōu dìng de shí jiān dōuyòu rén dìng de diǎn shōu shí jiān rēng yào jiāng rán fēi rán fēn kāi fàng zhìyào jiāng yòu rǎn de lìng xíng fàng zhì diàn chípēn guàn děng de xiǎo yòu chǐ cùn xiàn dìng yòng zhǐ dìng de liào dài zhuāng lái
   gōng gòng dào běn rén jiā zhōng zuò zài mén tīng qián huàn xié lùn shì zài gōng gòng chǎng huò zhě shì suǒ nèidōubù yào chū tài de shēng xiǎng miǎn yǐng xiǎng rényóu shì zài jiānpíng shí zhù jié yuē yòng shuǐ
   zhòng yào diàn huà hào biǎo
   zhōng guó zhù běn shǐ guǎn :03-3403-3380
   zhōng guó zhù bǎn zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :06-445-9481
   zhōng guó zhù zhá huǎng zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :011-563-5563
   zhōng guó zhù cháng zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :0958-49-3311
   zhōng guó zhù gāng zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :092-713-1121
   běn yóu diàn huà: 03-3503-4400( shàng jiǔ diǎn zhì xià diǎn
   běn jiù yuán diàn huà: 0120-461997( miǎn fèi
   běn xiàn: 03-3586-0110( shàng shí diǎn zhì xià diǎn
   běn zhù zhōng guó shǐ guǎn :01-6532-2361
   běn zhù shàng hǎi zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :021-6278-0788
   běn zhù guǎng zhōu zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :020-8333-8999
   běn zhù xiāng gǎng zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :00852-2522-1184
   běn zhù shěn yáng zǒng lǐng shì guǎn :024-322-7490
   běn měi shí běn rén biàn 'ài shí yòng shēng yīn 'ér gài zhe shēng piàn de shòu shì běn guó nèi zuì liú xíng de shí
   běn liào fēi cháng jiǎng jiū bǎo chí shí de yuán wèi chàng jiā guò duō tiáoliào qīng dàn wéi zhùduì cài yáo de miàn yóu yòu zhe hěn gāo de yào qiú dàn shǐ yòng shì yàng fēi cháng jīng zhì de chéngqì lái zhuāng shí duì shí de xíng zhuàngpái lièyán pèi yědōu yòu hěn de kǎo kàn zhe dào dào jīng yòu fēng jǐng huà bān de shì liào chū dào běn de yóu wǎng wǎng rěn xià zhù huài fèn měi
   cài
   chǎo guā miàn lán dòu máo xiè
   píng miàn qiáng bàng miàn shí shòu guō
   xuě tānɡ yóu fàn
   xiǎo chī
  uiro cháng dàn gāo
   běn gòu běn rén shì shàn fǎng de mín yóu guì de shì men néng zài chǔ shàng jìn tuī chén chū xīnér qiě zài shēng chǎn zhì zào zhōng chù chù rén wéi běnjiā shàng duō rén xìng huà shè shǐ běn shēng chǎn de shāng pǐn yòng lái zǒng shì yàng fāng biàn yàng chènxīnzhǐ yào kàn kàn běn shēng chǎn de diàn chǎn pǐnjiā yòng diàn wén yòng pǐnjiù néng gòu huì dào zhè diǎnér qiě yóu rén wéi běn běn rén wǎng wǎng zuì míng chū xiē yòu chuàng de dōng ok。
   jǐn běn rén zài duō fāng miàn běn zhe jīng qiú jīng de tài duì qiē shāng pǐn jìn liàng zuò dào wán měiduì shāng pǐn de zào xíng cǎibāo zhuāng dōuyòu hěn gāo de biāo zhǔn jīng jīng dào liǎo shì zuì wēi de wèizhè zài chīchuānyòng děng fāng miàn de shāng pǐn dōunéng xiàn chū láisuǒ zài běn gòu yóu cháng cháng huì dào 'ài shì shǒu de huò pǐnzhí zhì yǎn huā liáo luànér qiě diàn yuán de tài shì nài xīn yīn qín degòu hěn róng jiù bèi zuì hǎo shì liàng 'ér xíng
   chǎn
  “ duō luó mǐn fān gōng pǐn mǐn
   dài mào shǒu gōng pǐn jīn qīng koginsasi jīn qīng jīng guǒ
   jīng shāo zhèn zhì yóu zhǐ sǎn yún xiān shāo
   běn jiāo tōng běn de háng kōnghǎi yùntiě gōng yùn shū wéi
   háng kōngjié zhǐ 1996 nián běn jīng yòu 164 chǎngsuí zhe zhèng xiàn zhì de fàng kuānwéi zhēng háng xiàn jiàng kōng yùn jià huó yuè jīng 'ér shè de háng kōng gōng děng xiāng chū xiànguó háng xiàn chū xiàn liǎo fēi de xíng huàgāo huà piào jià huà de qīng xiàng
   hǎi yùnchuán zài nèi hǎi yán 'àn háng xíngshuǐ cháng yuē 1770 gōng zhù yào gǎng kǒu yòu dōng jīng bǎnmíng qiū tián qiān hán guǎndōng guǎng dǎochuān juàn shén chuàn shuǐ dǎo děng děng
   tiě quán guó tiě zǒng cháng 4.7 wàn gōng tiě zhōng de xīn gān xiàn shì cháng yùn de zhù yào jiāo tōng shǒu duànyòu dōng jīng zhì bǎn jiān de dōng hǎi dào xīn gànxiàn bǎn zhì duō jiān de shān yáng xīn gànxiàn gōng zhì shèng gāng jiān de dōng běi xīn gànxiàn gōng zhì xīn xiè jiān de shàng yuè xīn gànxiàn dǎo zhì shān xíng jiān de shān xíng xīn gān xiàn děng děng wàizài běn de zhù yào chéng shì zhōng tiě jiāo zhì wǎngbiàn chùjiào chē gèng wéi xùn jiézhǔn shífāng biàn
   gōng gāo gōng fēi cháng dōng jīng zhì xiǎo xiǎo zhì gōngchuī tián zhì xià guān de gōng wéi shǒudōng běi zòng guànjiǔ zhōu zòng guànběi zhōng yāng děngdōu quán xiàn guàn tōng wàihái yòu dōng jīng nèi de shǒu gāo lián jiē gāo gōng de wài huán gāo děngměi nián dōuyòu xīn de gāo gōng jiàn chéng běn zhù zài běn zhù diànhuì ràng yóu dào qīnqiè wēn de zhào běn de bīn guǎn yòu xiàn dài xíng de gāo lóu shà yòu chuán tǒng de shì jiàn zhùliǎng zhě bèi xiàn dài huà shè shīyóu chǎn shēng hòu zhī yōu
   guò rán lái liǎo běnzuì hǎo shì néng gòu tóu zài chuán tǒng xíng shì de bīn guǎn zhōnggǎn jué xià de shū shìshì zhe zài 'ǎi zhuō qián guì zhe chátǐng hǎo wán de běn běn shì de guó jiā běn rén yóu shàng bān shí gōng zuò jié zòu hěn jǐn zhāngxià bān hòu zǒng shì huì tōng guò duō zhǒng fāng shì lái fàng sōng shēn xīnsuǒ běn de chéng shì yòu duō fēn nào de chǎng suǒyóu chǎngjiǔ zǒng huì tīng jiē shìfēngmǐ shì jiè díkǎ ok jiù shì běn rén míng deyóu zài ok de xiāng guò shàng xīng yǐn”。
   běn de chuán tǒng biǎo yǎn chōng mǎn zhe dōng fāng shì de diǎn yuèyǎn yuán jīng guò liǎo duō nián liǎo xùn liànshuǐ píng hěn cuòxiāng xìn huì dài gěi yóu xīn xiān de gǎn jué
   wài běn de xiàngpū sài bàng qiú sài dōushì hěn jīng cǎi deqiān wàn yào cuò guò
   guó míng běn guó (japan)
   guó míng shì chū zhī guó chēngyīng huā zhī guó
   wèi zhì zhōu dōng de tài píng yáng shàng
   miàn : 37.8 wàn píng fāng gōng
   guó tài yáng chéng cháng fāng xíngcháng kuān zhī wéi3∶ miàn wéi bái zhèng zhōng yòu lún hóng bái xiàng zhēng zhèng zhí chún jiéhóng xiàng zhēng zhēn chéng chén běn guó chū zhī guó”, chuán shuō běn shì tài yáng shén suǒ chuàng zàotiān huáng shì tài yáng shén de 'ér tài yáng lái yuán
   guó huīyuán xínghuì yòu bàn huáng de huā bàn 'àn huā 'àn shì huáng shì wén zhāng shàng de 'àn
   guó :《 jūn zhī dài
   guó huāyīng huā
   guó niǎo zhì
   guó shíxiǎo jīng
   zhù yào jié tiān huáng dàn chén :12 yuè23 míng rén tiān huáng shēng 1933 nián12 yuè23
   rén kǒu:1 2686 jié zhì2005 niányuè31 )。 wéi shì jiè rén kǒu jiào de guó jiā
   mín zōng jiàozhù yào mín wéi běi hǎi dào yuē yòu2 . wàn 'ā réntōng yòng běi hǎi dào yòu shǎo liàng rén huì 'ā zhù yào zōng jiào wéi shén dào jiào jiàoxìn yǎng rén kǒu fēn bié zhàn zōng jiào rén kǒu de49 .6% 44 .8%。
   shǒu dōng jīng( tokyo), rén kǒu yuē1229 wànjié zhì2003 niányuè)。 dōng jīngyuè píng jūn wēn3℃,8 yuè wēn wéi25℃。
   guó jiā xiàng zhēngtiān huáng míng rén( akihito),1989 niányuè wèinián hàopíng chéng”。
   guó jiā zhèng yàoshǒuxiàng xiǎo quán chún láng (junichirokoizumi),2001 niányuè rèn zhí,2005 niányuè lián rènwài chén dīng cūn xìn xiào( nobutakamachimura),2004 niányuè rèn zhí,2005 niányuè lián rèncān yuàn cháng shàn qiān jǐng,2004 niányuè dāng xuǎnzhòng yuàn cháng yáng píng,2003 nián11 yuè rèn zhí
   guó jiàn jiāo : 1972 nián 9 yuè 29
   guó shí chā běi jīng shí jiān kuài 1 xiǎo shí
   huò yuán
   guó : 81
   rán wèi tài píng yáng 'ànshì yóu dōng běi xiàng nán yán shēn de xíng dǎo guó dōng hǎihuáng hǎicháo xiān hǎi xiá běn hǎi zhōng guócháo xiānhán guóé luó xiāng wàng miàn 377880 píng fāng gōng bāo kuò běi hǎi dàoběn zhōu guójiǔ zhōu dǎo 6800 duō xiǎo dǎo lǐng hǎi miàn 310000 píng fāng gōng 'é luó cún zàiběi fāng dǎo”( é fāng míng wéinán qiān dǎo qún dǎo”) lǐng zhēng duān hán guó cún zài zhú dǎohán fāng míng wéi dǎo”) lǐng zhēng duānshān qiū líng zhàn zǒng miàn de71%。 quán guó yòu160 duō zuò huǒ shān zhōng50 duō zuò shì huó huǒ shānwéi shì jiè shàng yòu míng de zhèn shì shān shì quán guó de zuì gāo fēnghǎi 3776 wēn quán biàn quán guó jìng nèi liú liú chéng duǎnzuì cháng de xìn nóng chuān cháng yuē367 gōng zuì de húpō shì miàn 672.8 píng fāng gōng yóu chù hǎi yáng de bāo wéi zhī zhōngshǔ wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng fēng hòuzhōng nián wēn shī rùndōng yán hánxià shǔxià qiū liǎng duō tái fēng,6 yuè fèn duō méi 。1 yuè píng jūn wēn běi -6℃, nán 16℃;7 yuè běi 17℃, nán 28℃。 nián jiàng shuǐ liàng700 héng3500 háo zuì gāo 4000 háo shàng
   běn dedōudàoxiàn shì píng xíng de xíng zhèng zhí shǔ zhōng yāng zhèng dàn dàoxiàn yōng yòu zhì quánquán guó fēn wéi ( dōng jīng : tokyo)、1 dào ( běi hǎi dào: hokkaido)、2 ( bǎn : osaka、 jīng : kyoto) 43 xiànshěng), xià shè shìdīngcūn bàn shì gòu chēng wéitīng”, tīng”、“ dào tīng”、“ tīng”、“ xiàn tīng”, xíng zhèng zhǎngguān chēng wéizhī shì”。 měi gèdōudàoxiàn xià shè ruò gān shìdīng ( xiāng dāng zhōng guó de zhèn )、 cūn bàn shì gòu chēng suǒ”, shì suǒ”、“ dīng suǒ”、“ cūn suǒ”, xíng zhèng zhǎngguān chēng wéishì cháng”、“ dīng cháng”、“ cūn cháng”。43 xiàn shìài zhīgōng qiū tiáncháng qīng sēncháng qiān nài liáng jǐngxīn gāng fēn dǎogāng shān zuǒ ài yuánchōng shéngqún guǎng dǎo bīng dǎo gēn chéngjìng gāngshí chuān yán shǒu dǎoxiāng chuānniǎo 'ér dǎo shānshén nài chuānhègē shāngāo zhīshān xíngxióng běnshān kǒusān zhòngshān gōng chéngjiǎn shǐgōng yuánshì zhōng běn chū xiàn tǒng de guó jiā guó
  5 shì chū guó zhǎn dào dǐng shèng shí shì céng kuò dào cháo xiān bàn dǎo nán gōng yuán645 nián shēng huà xīnfǎng zhào táng cháo lìng zhì jiàn tiān huáng wéi jué duì jūn zhù de zhōng yāng quán guó jiā zhìgōng yuán12 shì jìn yóu shì jiē céng zhǎng shí quán de jūn shì fēng jiàn guó jiāshǐ chēng shí 。19 shì zhōng yīngměié děng guó jiā shǐ běn qiān dìng duō píng děng tiáo yuēmín máo dùn shè huì máo dùn huàshí xíng fēng jiàn suǒ guó zhèng de chuān tǒng zhì dòng yáo yòu běn zhù gǎi xiǎng de fāng shí pài cháng zhōu liǎng fānzàizūn wáng rǎng ”、“ guó qiáng bīngde kǒu hào xià dǎo 。1868 nián xīn pài shí xíngmíng zhì wéi xīn”, fèi chú fēng jiàn de fān zhìjiàn tǒng de zhōng yāng quán guó jiāhuī tiān huáng zhì gāo shàng de tǒng zhìmíng zhì wéi xīn hòu běn běn zhù zhǎn xùn duì wài zhú zǒu shàng qīn lüè kuò zhāng de dào 。1894 nián běn dòng jiá zhàn zhēng;1904 nián tiǎo 'é zhàn zhēng;1910 nián qīn tūn cháo xiān。1926 nián rén tiān huáng dēng běn jìn zhāo shí dài běn zài 'èr shì jiè zhàn zhōng zhàn bài,1945 niányuè15 xuān tiáo jiàn tóu jiàngzhàn hòu chū měi jūn duì běn shí xíng dān zhàn lǐng。1947 niányuè shí shī xīn xiàn yóu jué duì tiān huáng zhì guó jiā biàn wéi tiān huáng wèiguó jiā xiàng zhēng de huì nèi zhì guó jiāwén huà běn de tiáo jiàn yōu jiǔ de shǐyùn liǎo bié de běn wén huàyīng huā pái shìqīng jiǔshén dào jiào gòu chéng liǎo chuán tǒng běn de liǎng fāng miàn-- jiàn
   zài běn yòu zhù míng de " sān dào ", běn mín jiān de chá dàohuā dàoshū dàochá dào jiào zuò chá tānɡpǐn míng huì), lái jiù zuò wéi zhǒng měi gǎn shì shòu dào shàng liú jiē céng de 'àixiàn zàichá dào bèi yòng zuò xùn liàn zhōng jīng shénhuò zhě yòng péi yǎng zhǐwéi bān mín zhòng suǒ guǎng fàn jiē shòu běn guó nèi yòu duō chuán shòu chá dào liú pài de xué xiào shǎo bīn guǎn shè yòu chá shì qīng sōng xīn shǎng dào chá dào de biǎo yǎnhuā dào zuò wéi zhǒng zài chá shì nèi zài xiàn wài shèng kāi de xiān huā de 'ér dàn shēngyīn zhǎn shì de guī fāng de yòu suǒ tónghuā dào fēn chéng 20 duō zhǒng liú pài běn guó nèi yòu duō chuán shòu huā dào liú pài de xué xiàolìng wàizài bīn guǎnbǎi huò shāng diàngōng gòng shè shī de tīng děng zhǒng chǎng suǒ xīn shǎng dào zhuāng shì yōu měi de chā huā shùxiàngpū lái yuán běn shén dào de zōng jiào shìrén men zài shén diàn wéi fēng shōu zhī shén xíng sàipàn wàng néng dài lái hǎo de shōu chéngzài nài liáng píng 'ān shí xiàngpū shì zhǒng gōng tíng guān shǎng yùn dòngér dào liǎo lián cāng zhàn guó shí xiàngpū chéng wéi shì xùn liàn de fēn。 18 shì xīng liǎo zhí xiàngpū yùn dòng xiàn zài de xiàngpū sài wéi xiāng shén dào shì qiáng diào xiàngpū yùn dòng sài qián de duǒ jiǎo shì de de shì jiāng chǎng zhōng de 'è guǐ zǒutóng shí hái dào fàng sōng ròu de zuò yòngchǎng shàng hái yào yán dào jìng huà de mùdìyīn wéi shén dào jiào rèn wéi yán néng gǎn guǐ mèixiàngpū sài zài tái shàng jìn xíngzhěng tái wéi zhèng fāng xíngzhōng wéi yuán juàn zhí jìng wéi 4.55 sài shíliǎng wèi shì shù shū xià shēn tiáo dōu dàijìn chì shēn luǒ shàng tái sài sài zhōng shì chú jiǎo zhǎng wài rèn fēn chù tái biǎo miàntóng shí chāo chū yuán juàn sài zài 'èr fēn zhōng shèn zhì miǎo zhōng nèi biàn néng jué chū shèng xiàngpū de cái pàn gòng yóu 6 rén chéngzhù cái pàn yóu shǒu chí zhé shànxíng dēng tái dān rèn 5 rén fēn bié zài zhèng miàndōng miàn miàn cái pàn shàng shì de zuì gāo děng shìhéng gāng”。 xià miàn shì guānguān xiéxiǎo jiéqián jǐngzhè děng bèi chēng wéi nèi”, shǔ zhōng de shàng céngzài shì shí liǎng xiàchú zhī wài hái yòu gèng de sān duàn sān duànzuì jiào kǒu tōng shì yào xiǎng huò jiào gāo de děng shì yào huā fèi hěn de jīng guò jiān yào xiǎng huò zuì de děng shì néng de
   shì běn chuán tǒng mín zhuāng de chēng zài běn chēngzhe ”。 shì fǎng zhào guó suí táng shì gǎi zhì degōng yuán zhì jiǔ shì běn shèng xíng guòtáng fēng zhuāng hòu suī yòu gǎi biàn xíng chéng běn de fēng dàn réng hán yòu guó dài zhuāng de mǒu xiē de kuǎn shì huā de chā bié shì bié nián líng jié hūn fǒu de biāo zhì wèi hūn de niàn chuān jǐn xiù wài hūn chuān kuān xiù wài shūdǎo tiánshì fàxíng ( běn shì fàxíng zhī chéng zhuàng ), chuān hóng lǐng chèn de shì niànshū yuán fàjìchuān chèn de shì zhù yòng niǔ kòuzhǐ yòng tiáo jié de yāo dàiyāo dài de zhǒng lèi hěn duō jié de fāng yòu tóng jiào guǎng fàn shǐ yòng de zhǒng jié fāng jiàotài jié”, zài hòu yāo jié chù de yāo dài nèi diàn yòu zhǐ huò zuò de xìn kàn xiàng fāng zhè jiù shì men cháng kàn dào de bèi hòu de zhuāng shì pǐnyóu jié hěn fèi shìzhàn hòu yòu chū xiàn liǎo bèi yòu xiàn chéng jié degǎi liáng dàiwén huà dài”。 suī rán jīn tiān běn rén de cháng zhuāng zǎo wéi suǒ dàidàn zài hūn qìng diǎnchuán tǒng huā dàochá dào lóng zhòng de shè jiāo chǎng réng shì gōng rèn de chuān
   róu dào zài quán shì jiè yòu guǎng fàn shēng róu dào de běn yuán shì gōng ér shì zhǒng yòng duì fāng de liàng de shēn zhī shùróu dào jiā de bié yòng yāo dài de yán chū bái / gāo hēilái biǎo shìjiàn dào shì zhǐ cóng shì de zhòng yào jiàn shù zhōng pài shēng 'ér chū de běn jiàn yùn dòng sài zhě 'àn zhào yán de guī shēn zhe zhuān yòng fáng yòng zhú dāo duì fāng de tóu shǒu zhǐ jiānkōng shǒu dào shì jīng liú qiú wáng guóxiàn zài de chōng shéngcóng zhōng guó chuán běn de dǒu yùn dòngkōng shǒu dào shǐ yòng rèn jǐn shǐ yòng quán jiǎo dǒu yùn dòng xiāng shì zhǒng xiāng dāng yòu shí zhàn de yùn dòng xíng shì dào yuán lái zhǐ shì zhǒng yòng liàn xíng shìde yùn dòng běn niàn shì duì liàng cǎi yòng liàng jìn xíng duì kàng róu dào kōng shǒu dào děng yùn dòng xiāng méi yòu gǎn de dào zuò wéi zhǒng jīng shén duàn liàn jiàn shēn yùn dònghěn shòu lǎo nián rén xìng de huān yíng
   běn de chuán tǒng héng héng néng néng shì běn de chuán tǒng shì shì jiè shàng xiàn cún de zuì lǎo de zhī néng yuán dài dǎo xíng shì 12 shì huò 13 shì zài běn de shén shè yuàn xíng de zhǒng jié qìng 。“ néng yòu cái néng huò néng de yǎn yuán tōng guò miàn biǎo qíng xíng dòng zuò 'àn shì shì de běn zhìér shì biǎo xiàn chū láixiàn zài zhè zhǒng zài běn réng yòu wán qiáng de shēng mìng
   shòu ( sushi) shì shēng piànshēng xiāshēng fěn děng wéi yuán liàopèi jīng bái fànhǎi xiān gēn děngniē chéng fàn tuán hòu shí yòng de zhǒng shí shòu de zhǒng lèi hěn duō xià shù bǎi zhǒng de shòu yòu tóng de diǎn duō shù shì xiān yòng fàn jiā tiáozhìzài bāo juàn ròudàn lèijiā cài huò dòu chī shēng shòu shíyǐn běn chá huò qīng jiǔbié yòu fān fēng wèizèng běn rén jiāng sòng kàn zuò shì xiàng duì fāng biǎo shì xīn de zhì xiàn zài hòuzèng sòng dāng biàn huì gěi duì fāng liú xià shēn yìn xiàngsòng běn rén pǐn yào xuǎn shìdàngzhōng guó de wén fáng bǎomíng rén huàgōng pǐn děng zuì shòu huān yíngdàn huà de chǐ cùn guò suǒ sòng pǐn de bāo zhuāng néng cǎo shuài shì chá yìng jīng xīn zhōng guó rén sòng chéng shuāng běn rén 'ǒu jiù tōng cháng yòng1、3、5、7 děng jīshùdàn yòu huì zhōng de "9 ", yīn wéi zài zhōng "9 " de yīn " " xiāng tóngàn běn xiàng rén zèng zài xià jìn xíng dāng zhòng sòng chū běn rén jìn huān huāér huān yīng huā guī
   míng shèng shì shān (fujimountain) wèi běn zhōu zhōng nán hǎi 3776 shì běn zuì gāo fēng běn rén fèng zhī wéishèng shān”, shì běn mín de xiàng zhēng dōng jīng yuē80 gōng kuà jìng gāngshān liǎng xiànmiàn wéi90.76 píng fāng gōng zhěng shān chéng yuán zhuī zhuàngshān dǐng zhōng nián xuě shì shān zhōu yòu jiàn fēngbái shān yuèjiǔ zhì yuè yuè dòu yuèchéng jiù yuè yuè sān yuè děng shì fēng”。 shì shān hái shè yòu huàn xiǎng xíng guǎnkūn chóng guǎn rán xué tīng shí guǎn shì guǎn xíng xué guǎnzhí yuán niǎo yuán hóu gōng yuán zhǒng yóu chǎng suǒ děngzuò luò zài dǐng fēng shàng de shèng miào── jiǔ zhì shén shè qiǎn jiān shén shè shì shì xiāng gēn dòu guó gōng yuán de zhù yào fēng jǐng
   dōng jīng (tokyotower) wèi dōng jīng shì nèijiàn chéng 1958 nián gāo333 zhè zuò běn zuì gāo de tiě shàng zhuāng yòu dōng jīng diàn shì tái、21 diàn shì zhōng zhuǎn tái guǎng tái děng de xiàn diàn shè tiān xiànzài100 gāo de fāngjiàn yòu 'èr céng lóu gāo de zhǎn wàng táizài250 gāo de fāng shè yòu bié zhǎn wàng táizhǎn wàng tái biān dōushì luò de chuāngchuāng xiàng wài qīng xiézhàn zài zhǎn wàng tái shàng kàn dōng jīng shì róngquán shì jǐng guān jìn shōu yǎn de xià wéi tiě lóu lóu wéi xiū tīngèr lóu yòu shāng chǎngsān lóu shì guī běn yuǎn dōng de xiàng guǎn lóu shì jìn dài xué guǎn diàn shì shè yǐng péng lóu shì diàn tái shè táitáng zhāo (toshodaitemple) wèi nài liáng shì de táng zhāo shì yóu zhōng guó táng dài gāo sēng jiàn zhēn shàng qīn shǒu xīng jiàn deshì běn jiào zōng de zǒng yuànzhè zuò yòu zhōng guó shèng táng jiàn zhù fēng de jiàn zhù bèi què dìng wéi běn guó bǎotáng dài gāo sēng jiàn zhēngōng yuán688 héng763 nián dōng běn hòu tiān píng bǎo sān niángōng yuán759 niánkāi shǐ jiàn zào yuē gōng yuán770 nián jùn gōng yuàn mén shàng hóng héng 'étáng zhāo shì běn xiào qiān huáng fǎng wáng zhīwáng xiàn zhī de suǒ shū nèisōng lín cāng cuìtíng yuàn yōu jìngdiàn chóngchóngyòu tiān píng shí dài de jiǎng tángjiè tánnài liáng shí dàigōng yuán710 héng789 niánhòu de jīn tánglián cāng shí dàigōng yuán1185 1333 niánde lóu táng tiān píng hòu de xiàng jīng juàn yǐng táng qián dōng miàn yòu jiàn zhēn yuàn zhōng zhí yòu lái zhōng guó de sōng shùguì huā dānsháo yào、“ sūn wén lián”、“ táng zhāo lián”、“ táng zhāo qīng lián”、“ fēi lián”、“ zhōng yǒu lián yáng zhōu de qióng huā děng míng huā
yīngwénjièshì
  1. :  JP Japan
  2. n.:  jap,  japonica,  nippon,  Japan
  3. adj.:  Japanese
fǎwénjièshì
  1. n.  Japon
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zhí wén huà rán màn huà dòng huà jiān míng xīng
sān xiōng guān 8JR yīnyuè dǎo bǎi diǎn hán guó zhù quán zhēng
zhōu chuán tǒng wén huà hàn wén huà yīng huā jiàn dào shù dào
Iaido jiàn shù shù yùn dòng bǎi quán gèng duō jiēguǒ ...
bāo hán cí
běn 3D běn rén běn lóng běn
fēnlèixiángqíng
dōng jīng míng zhōng fāng chōng shéng xiàn jiǔ zhōu fāng dōng běi fāng
guān dōng fāng jìn fāng běn shǐ běn dǎo běn xìng míng jūn
zhōng guó fāng guǎng dǎo xiàn dào běn rén zhá huǎng shān
fēng qiáo dōng jīng shì shì zhì bàn dǎo zhī shān
chì suì jiǔ liú hǎi shì
jiā chuān cāng cāng dōng dòu dòu
zhī duō yìn nán àn tián zhì tián jiè qián jīn shān
gāng niǎo guǎng dǎo bāng bīn tián xióng běn 'ér dǎo
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