tiān jīn tiáo yuē



mùlù ·bèi jǐng ·《 tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 de qiān dìng guò chéng ·《 zhōng 'é tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 ·《 zhōng měi tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 ·《 zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 ·《 zhōng fǎ tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 ·《 zhōng yīng tōng shāng zhāng chéng shàn hòu tiáo yuē》 ·xiàngguāncí ·bāo hán cí ·gèngduōjiéguǒ... bèi jǐng 　　dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng shì yīng、 fǎ liǎng guó wèile jìn yī bù kuò dà qīn lüè tè quán 'ér duì zhōng guó fā dòng de qīn lüè zhàn zhēng， bào fā yú 1856 nián 10 yuè， yīng jūn jìn gōng guǎng zhōu， 1860 nián 10 yuè jié shù。 dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng zhōng guó zhàn bài hòu， qīng cháo tíng bèi pò yú 1858 nián xiān hòu yǔ 'é（ 6 yuè 13 rì）、 měi（ 6 yuè 18 rì）、 yīng（ 6 yuè 26 rì）、 fǎ（ 6 yuè 27 rì） qiān dìng《 tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》， yǔ shā 'é qiān dìng《 ài huī tiáo yuē》， 1860 nián yòu yǔ yīng、 fǎ、 é qiān dìng《 běi jīng tiáo yuē》 děng bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 　　1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 5 yuè， yīng fǎ lián jūn qīn rù tiān jīn， bìng yáng yán jìn gōng běi jīng。 qīng zhèng fǔ pài dà xué shì guì liáng、 lì bù shàng shū huā shā nà wéi qīnchāi dà chén， fù tiān jīn yì hé。 yú 6 yuè 26 rì、 27 rì fēn bié yǔ yīng、 fǎ dìng lì zhōng yīng、 zhōng fǎ《 tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》。 《 tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 de qiān dìng guò chéng 　　 tiān jīn tiáo yuē shì qīng xián fēng bā nián (1858) dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng zhōng yīng、 fǎ、 é、 měi qiǎngpò qīng zhèng fǔ zài tiān jīn fēn bié qiān dìng de bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 　　 bā nián sì yuè chū bā (5 yuè 20 rì )， yīng fǎ lián jūn gōng xiàn dà gū pào tái， sù bái hé 'ér shàng， jìn bī tiān jīn。 zhí lì zǒng dū tán tíng xiāng xià dé hún fēi bó sàn， zhù zhāng chè dǐ tóu jiàng。 shí 'èr rì， tā xiàng xián fēng dì zòu chēng : “ tǒng guān shì shì， xì chá yí qíng ”，“ bù néng zhàn， bù yì shǒu， ér bù dé bù fǔ。” shí sì rì， yīng fǎ lián jūn shǐ dǐ tiān jīn chéng xià， yīng、 fǎ gōng shǐ tōng zhī qīng zhèng fǔ lìng pài tóu pǐn dà chén 'èr yuán sù lái jīn gòng yì， fǒu zé xiān qǔ tiān jīn， zài gōng běi jīng， liǎng rì yǐ nèi， tīng hòu huí yīn。 shí liù rì， qīng zhèng fǔ jí máng pài dà xué shì guì liáng (1785 héng 1862)、 lì bù shàng shū huā shā nà (1806 héng 1859) wéi quán quán dà chén， chí wǎng tiān jīn xiàng yīng、 fǎ qiú hé。 shí bā rì， é 'ěr jīn、 gé luó chéng pào tǐng dǐ tiān jīn， pǔ tí yǎ tíng hé liè wèi lián chéng 'é chuán“ yà měi lì jiā” hào tóng zhì。 dāng jí zhào huì qīng zhèng fǔ， qīnchāi dà chén bì xū yòu“ quán quán biànyíxíngshì” xián míng， fǒu zé réng xū jìn jīng。 èr shí rì， qīng zhèng fǔ mìng guì liáng、 huā shā nà biànyíxíngshì， cóng quán bàn lǐ。 èr shí sān rì， qián cǐ liǎng tiān gǎn dào tiān jīn de guì liáng、 huā shā nà jiù hé 'é 'ěr jīn zài chéng nán hǎi guāng sì chū cì huì jiàn。 cǐ hòu zài tán pàn guò chéng zhōng， é 'ěr jīn hé gé luó fēn bié wěi pài suí yuán wēi tuǒ mǎ (1818 héng 1895)、 lǐ tài guó (1832 héng 1898) hé mǎ jí shì bàn lǐ shí jì jiāo shè， yǐ lǐ tài guó wéi zhù。 tā shì shàng hǎi hǎi guān de yīng jí zhí yuán， tóng zhōng guó guān yuán céng yòu pín fán jiē chù， cǐ cì chōng dāng yīng fǎ lián jūn de zhōng wén fān yì yǔ móu shì。 zài tán pàn guò chéng zhōng， tā yǐ zhàn shèng guó fā yán rén zì jū， shì qiáng yào xié， tài dù mánhèng， duì guì liáng、 huā shā nà shuǎ jìn liǎo wēihè liú máng shǒu duàn。 zài tán pàn zhōng zuì shǐ qīng cháo zuì gāo tǒng zhì zhě tóu tòng de shì wài guó gōng shǐ zhù jīng、 zēng kāi tōng shāng kǒu 'àn、 wài guó rén dé rù nèi dì yóu lì chuán jiào děng tiáo kuǎn。 yīn wéi zhè xiē jiāng huì yǐng xiǎng dào qīng cháo fēng jiàn jūn zhù zhuān zhì tǒng zhì。 suǒ yǐ， xián fēng dì yī zài tǎo jià hái jià， bù kěn ràng bù。 yòu shí shèn zhì xiǎng dào zài bù dé yǐ de qíng kuàng xià，“ shì xū yǔ zhī yòng wǔ”。 guì liáng、 huā shā nà duì xián fēng dì de kǔ zhōng suī rán shí fēn liǎo jiě， dàn tā men wèi dí rú hǔ， xiàng xián fēng dì zòu chēng :“ zhàn zhī bù kě”，“ zhàn zé bì bài”。 yóu yú cǐ shí qīng cháo fēng jiàn tǒng zhì zhě zuì hài pà de shì tài píng tiān guó qǐ yì， ér bù shì wài guó qīn lüè zhě。 yīn cǐ zài duì wài zhàn zhēng zhōng suǒ diào dòng de bīng lì， bù shì zhù lì， ér shì biān yuǎn de jūn duì。 jì rán rú cǐ， nà me zài yīng、 fǎ lián jūn de xié pò xià， zuì zhōng bù dé bù qū fú tóu jiàng。 《 zhōng 'é tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 　　《 zhōng 'é tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng qī jiān shā 'é yǐ tiáotíng wéi míng yòu pò qīng zhèng fǔ dìng lì de bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 6 yuè 13 rì qīng qīnchāi dà chén guì liáng、 huā shā nà yǔ 'é guó zhù huá gōng shǐ pǔ tí yǎ tíng zài tiān jīn qiān dìng。 gòng shí 'èr kuǎn。 zhù yào nèi róng：（ 1） é guó dé zài shàng hǎi、 níng bō、 fú zhōu、 xiàmén、 guǎng zhōu、 tái wān（ tái nán）、 qióng zhōu děng qī chù kǒu 'àn tōng shāng， ruò tā guó zài yòu zài yán hǎi zēng kāi kǒu 'àn， zhǔn 'é guó yī lǜ zhào bàn；（ 2） é guó dé zài zhōng guó gè tōng shāng kǒu 'àn shè lì lǐng shì guān， bìng pài bīng chuán zài zhè xiē kǒu 'àn tíng bó；（ 3） é guó dōng zhèng jiào jiào shì dé rù nèi dì zì yóu chuán jiào；（ 4） zhōng 'é liǎng guó pài yuán chá kān“ cóng qián wèi jīng dìng míng biān jiè”（ shí jì shàng shì yào jiè cǐ qīn zhàn zhōng guó lǐng tǔ）；（ 5） rì hòu zhōng guó ruò jǐyǔ qí tā guó jiā yǐ tōng shāng děng tè quán， é guó dé yī lǜ xiǎng shòu。 《 zhōng měi tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 　　《 zhōng měi tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 yuán chēng《 zhōng měi hé hǎo tiáo yuē》。 dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng qī jiān měi guó yǐ tiáotíng wéi míng yòu pò qīng zhèng fǔ dìng lì de bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 6 yuè 18 rì qīng qīnchāi dà chén guì liáng、 huā shā nà yǔ měi guó zhù huá gōng shǐ liè wèi lián zài tiān jīn qiān dìng。 gòng sān shí kuǎn。 zhù yào nèi róng：（ 1） qīng zhèng fǔ cháng zhǔn xǔ qí tā guó jiā gōng shǐ zhù běi jīng， yìng zhǔn měi guó yī lǜ zhào bàn；（ 2） zēng kāi cháo zhōu、 tái wān（ tái nán） wéi tōng shāng kǒu 'àn（ hòu lái kāi bù shí cháo zhōu kǒu 'àn shè zài shàn tóu）；（ 3） yé sū jiào jiào shì dé zì yóu chuán jiào；（ 4） kuò dà piàn miàn de zuì huì guó dài yù， jí： qīng zhèng fǔ gěi qí tā guó jiā de tè quán，“ wú lùn guān shè chuán zhǐ hǎi miàn、 tōng shāng mào yì、 zhèng shì jiāo wǎng děng shì qíng”， měi guó dé“ yī tǐ jūn zhān”；（ 5） què dìng lǐng shì cái pàn quán。 《 zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 　　《 zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng qī jiān yīng guó qiǎngpò qīng zhèng fǔ qiān dìng de bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 6 yuè 26 rì qīng qīnchāi dà chén guì liáng、 huā shā nà yǔ yīng guó quán quán dài biǎo 'é 'ěr jīn zài tiān jīn qiān dìng。 gòng wǔ shí liù kuǎn， fù yòu zhuān tiáo。 zhù yào nèi róng：（ 1） yīng guó gōng shǐ dé zhù běi jīng， bìng zài tōng shāng gè kǒu shè lǐng shì guān； zēng kāi niú zhuāng、 dēng zhōu、 tái wān（ tái nán）、 cháo zhōu、 qióng zhōu、 hàn kǒu、 jiǔ jiāng、 nán jīng、 zhèn jiāng、 dàn shuǐ wéi tōng shāng kǒu 'àn（ hòu lái kāi bù shí， niú zhuāng kǒu 'àn shè zài yíng kǒu， dēng zhōu kǒu 'àn shè zài yān tái， cháo zhōu kǒu 'àn shè zài shàn tóu）；（ 2） yé sū jiào、 tiān zhù jiào jiào shì dé zì yóu chuán jiào；（ 3） yīng guó rén dé zhù nèi dì yóu lì、 tōng shāng；（ 4） yīng guó shāng chuán kě yǐ zài cháng jiāng gè kǒu wǎng lái；（ 5） zhōng yīng liǎng guó pài yuán zài shàng hǎi jǔ xíng huì yì， xiū gǎi guān shuì shuì zé；（ 6） zhōng guó gěi yīng guó péi kuǎn yín sì bǎi wàn liǎng；（ 7） què dìng lǐng shì cái pàn quán hé piàn miàn de zuì huì guó dài yù。 　　《 zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 yīng wén bǎn 　　HERMAJESTYtheQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland,andHisMajestytheEmperorofChina,beingdesiroustoputanendtotheexistingmisunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries,andtoplacetheirrelationsonamoresatisfactoryfootinginfuture,haveresolvedtoproceedtoarevisionandimprovementoftheTreatiesexistingbetweenthem;and,forthatpurpose,havenamedastheirPlenipotentiaries....etc,etc. 　　Who,afterhavingcommunicatedtoeachothertheirrespectivepowers,andfoundthemtobeingoodanddueform,haveagreeduponandconcludedthefollowingArticles: 　　I. 　　TheTreatyofPeaceandAmitybetweenthetwonations,signedatNankingonthe29thdayofAugust,intheyear1842,isherebyrenewedandconfirmed. 　　TheSupplementaryTreatyandGeneralRegulationsofTradehavingbeenamendedandimproved,andthesubstanceoftheirprovisionshavingbeenincorporatedinthisTreaty,thesaidSupplementaryTreatyandGeneralRegulationsofTradeareherebyabrogated. 　　II. 　　Forthebetterpreservationofharmonyinfuture,HerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritainandHisMajestytheEmperorofChinamutuallyagreethat,inaccordancewiththeuniversalpracticeofgreatandfriendlynations,HerMajestytheQueen,may,ifsheseefit,appointambassadors,ministers,orotherdiplomaticagentstotheCourtofPeking;andHisMajestytheEmperorofChinamay,inlikemanner,ifheseefit,appointambassadors,ministers,orotherdiplomaticagentstotheCourtofSt.James. 　　III. 　　HisMajestytheEmperorofChinaherebyagreesthattheambassador,minister,orotherdiplomaticagent,soappointedbyHerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritain,mayreside,withhisfamilyandestablishment,permanentlyatthecapital,ormayvisititoccasionally,attheoptionoftheBritishGovernment.HeshallnotbecalledupontoperformanyceremonyderogatorytohimasrepresentingtheSovereignofanindependentnationonafootingofequalitywiththatofChina.Ontheotherhand,heshallusethesameformsofceremonyandrespecttoHisMajestytheEmperorasareemployedbytheambassadors,ministers,ordiplomaticagentsofHerMajestytowardstheSovereignsofindependentandequalEuropeannations. 　　Itisfurtheragreed,thatHerMajesty'sGovernmentmayacquireatPekingasiteforbuilding,ormayhirehousesfortheaccommodationofHerMajesty'sMission,andthattheChineseGovernmentwillassistitinsodoing. 　　HerMajesty'sRepresentativeshallbeatlibertytochoosehisownservantsandattendants,whoshallnotbesubjectedtoanykindofmolestationwhatever. 　　AnypersonguiltyofdisrespectorviolencetoHerMajesty'sRepresentative,ortoanymemberofhisfamilyorestablishment,indeedorword,shallbeseverelypunished. 　　IV. 　　Itisfurtheragreed,thatnoobstacleordifficultyshallbemadetothefreemovementsofHerMajesty'sRepresentative,andthathe,andthepersonsofhissuite,maycomeandgo,andtravelattheirpleasure.Heshall,moreover,havefulllibertytosendandreceivehiscorrespondence,toandfromanypointonthesea-coastthathemayselect;andhislettersandeffectsshallbeheldsacredandinviolable.Hemayemploy,fortheirtransmission,specialcouriers,whoshallmeetwiththesameprotectionandfacilitiesfortravellingasthepersonsemployedincarryingdespatchesfortheImperialGovernment;and,generally,heshallenjoythesameprivilegesasareaccordedtoofficersofthesamerankbytheusageandconsentofWesternnations. 　　AllexpensesattendingtheDiplomaticMissionofGreatBritaininChinashallbebornebytheBritishGovernment. 　　V. 　　HisMajestytheEmperorofChinaagreestonominateoneoftheSecretariesofState,oraPresidentofoneoftheBoards,asthehighofficerwithwhomtheambassador,minister,orotherdiplomaticagentofHerMajestytheQueenshalltransactbusiness,eitherpersonallyorinwriting,onafootingofperfectequality. 　　VI. 　　HerMajestytheQueenofGreatBritainagreesthattheprivilegesherebysecuredshallbeenjoyedinherdominionsbytheambassadors,ministers,ordiplomaticagentsoftheEmperorofChina,accreditedtotheCourtofHerMajesty. 　　VII. 　　HerMajestytheQueenmayappointoneormoreConsulsinthedominionsoftheEmperorofChina;andsuchConsulorConsulsshallbeatlibertytoresideinanyoftheopenportsorcitiesofChina,asHerMajestytheQueenmayconsidermostexpedientfortheinterestsofBritishcommerce.TheyshallbetreatedwithduerespectbytheChineseauthorities,andenjoythesameprivilegesandimmunitiesastheConsularofficersofthemostfavourednation.... 　　VIII. 　　TheChristianreligion,asprofessedbyProtestantsorRomanCatholics,inculcatesthepracticeofvirtue,andteachesmantodoashewouldbedoneby.Personsteachingorprofessingit,therefore,shallalikebeentitledtotheprotectionoftheChineseauthorities,norshallanysuch,peaceablypursuingtheircalling,andnotoffendingagainstthelaw,bepersecutedorinterferedwith. 　　IX. 　　Britishsubjectsareherebyauthorizedtotravel,fortheirpleasureorforpurposesoftrade,toallpartsoftheinterior,underpassportswhichwillbeissuedbytheirConsuls,andcountersignedbythelocalauthorities.Thesepassports,ifdemanded,mustbeproducedforexaminationinthelocalitiespassedthrough.Ifthepassportbenotirregular,thebearerwillbeallowedtoproceed,andnooppositionshallbeofferedtohishiringpersonsorhiringvesselsforthecarriageofhisbaggageormerchandize.Ifhebewithoutapassport,orifhecommitanyoffenceagainstthelaw,heshallbehandedovertothenearestConsulforpunishment;buthemustnotbesubjectedtoanyill-usageinexcessofnecessaryrestraint.Nopassportneedbeappliedforbypersonsgoingonexcursionsfromtheportsopentotradetoadistancenotexceeding100li,andforaperiodnotexceedingdays. 　　TheprovisionsofthisArticledonotapplytocrewsofships,fortheduerestraintofwhomregulationswillbedrawnupbytheConsulandthelocalauthorities. 　　ToNanking,andothercitiesdisturbedbypersonsinarmsagainsttheGovernment,nopassshallbegiven,untiltheyshallhavebeenrecaptured. 　　X. 　　BritishmerchantshipsshallhaveauthoritytotradeupontheGreatRiver(Yang-tse).TheUpperandLowerValleyoftheriverbeing,however,disturbedbyoutlaws,noportshallbeforthepresentopenedtotrade,withtheexceptionofChin-kiano,whichshallbeopenedinayearfromthedateofthesigningofthisTreaty. 　　Sosoonaspeaceshallhavebeenrestored,BritishvesselsshallalsobeadmittedtotradeatsuchportsasfarasHan-kow,notexceedingthreeinnumber,astheBritishMinister,afterconsultationwiththeChineseSecretaryofState,maydetermineshallbeportsofentryanddischarge. 　　XI. 　　InadditiontothecitiesandtownsofCanton,Amoy,Fuchow,Ningpo,andShanghai,openedbytheTreatyofNanking,itisagreedthatBritishsubjectsmayfrequentthecitiesandportsofNewChwang,Tang-Chow,Tai-Wan(Formosa),Chau-Chow(Swatow),andKiung-Chow(Hainan). 　　Theyarepermittedtocarryontradewithwhomsoevertheyplease,andtoproceedtoandfroatpleasurewiththeirvesselsandmerchandise. 　　Theyshallenjoythesameprivileges,advantages,andimmunities,atthesaidtownsandports,astheyenjoyattheportsalreadyopenedtotrade,includingtherightofresidence,ofbuyingorrentinghouses,ofleasinglandtherein,andofbuildingchurches,hospitals,andcemeteries. 　　XII. 　　Britishsubjects,whetherattheportsoratotherplaces,desiringtobuildoropenhouses,warehouses,churches,hospitals,orburialgrounds,shallmaketheiragreementforthelandorbuildingstheyrequire,astheratesprevailingamongthepeople,equitably,andwtihoutexactionsoneitherside. 　　XIII. 　　TheChineseGovernmentwillplacenorestrictionswhateverupontheemployment,byBritishsubjects,ofChinesesubjectsinanylawfulcapacity. 　　Britishsubjectsmayhirewhateverboatstheypleaseforthetransportofgoodsorpassengers,andthesumtobepaidforsuchboatsshallbesettledbetweenthepartiesthemselves,withouttheinterferenceoftheChineseGovernment.Thenumberoftheseboatsshallnotbelimited,norshallamonopolyinrespecteitheroftheboats,oroftheportersorcooliesengagedincarryingthegoods,begrantedtoanyparties.Ifanysmugglingtakesplaceinthem,theoffenderswill,ofcourse,bepunishedaccordingtolaw.... 　　XV. 　　Allquestionsinregardtorights,whetherofpropertyorperson,arisingbetweenBritishsubjects,shallbesubjecttothejurisdictionoftheBritishauthorities. 　　XVI. 　　ChinesesubjectswhomaybeguiltyofanycriminalacttowardsBritishsubjectsshallbearrestedandpunishedbytheChineseauthorities,accordingtothelawsofChina. 　　BritishsubjectswhomaycommitanycrimeinChinashallbetriedandpunishedbytheConsul,orotherpublicfunctionaryauthorizedthereto,accordingtothelawsofGreatBritain. 　　Justiceshallbeequitablyandimpartiallyadministeredonbothsides. 　　XVII. 　　ABritishsubjecthavingreasontocomplainofaChinese,mustproceedtotheConsulate,andstatehisgrievance.TheConsulwillinquireintothemeritsofthecase,anddohisutmosttoarrangeitamicably.InlikemannerifaChinesehavereasontocomplainofaBritishsubject,theConsulshallnolesslistentohiscomplaint,andendeavourtosettleitinafriendlymanner.IfdisputestakeplaceofsuchanaturethattheConsulcannotarrangethemamicably,thenheshallrequesttheassistanceoftheChineseauthorities,thattheymaytogetherexamineintothemeritsofthecase,anddecideitequitably. 　　XVIII. 　　TheChineseauthoritiesshallatalltimesaffordthefullestprotectiontothepersonsandpropertyofBritishsubjects,whenevertheseshallhavebeensubjectedtoinsultorviolence.Inallcasesofincendiarismorrobbery,thelocalauthoritiesshallatoncetakethenecessarystepsfortherecoveryofthestolenproperty,thesuppressionofdisorder,andthearrestoftheguiltyparties,whomtheywillpunishaccordingtolaw. 　　XIX. 　　IfanyBritishmerchant-vessel,whilewithinChinesewaters,beplunderedbyrobbersorpirates,itshallbethedutyoftheChineseauthoritiestouseeveryendeavourtocaptureandpunishthesaidrobbersorpirates,andtorecoverthestolenproperty,thatitmaybehandedovertotheConsulforrestorationtotheowner. 　　XX. 　　IfanyBritishvesselbeatanytimewreckedorstrandedonthecoastofChina,orbecompelledtotakerefugeinanyportwithinthedominionsoftheEmperorofChina,theChineseauthorities,onbeingapprizedofthefact,shallimmediatelyadoptmeasuresforitsreliefandsecurity;thepersonsonboardshallreceivefriendlytreatment,andshallbefurnished,ifnecessary,withthemeansofconveyancetothenearestConsularstation. 　　XXI. 　　Ifcriminals,subjectsofChina,shalltakerefugeinHongKong,oronboardtheBritishshipsthere,theyshall,uponduerequisitionbytheChineseauthorities,besearchedfor,and,onproofoftheirguilt,bedeliveredup. 　　Inlikemanner,ifChineseoffenderstakerefugeinthehousesoronboardthevesselsofBritishsubjectsattheopenports,theyshallnotbeharboredorconcealed,butshallbedeliveredup,onduerequisitionbytheChineseauthorities,addressedtotheBritishConsul. 　　XXII. 　　ShouldanyChinesesubjectfailtodischargedebtsincurredtoaBritishsubject,orshouldhefraudulentlyabscond,theChineseauthoritieswilldotheirutmosttoeffecthisarrest,andenforcerecoveryofthedebts.TheBritishauthoritieswilllikewisedotheirutmosttobringtojusticeanyBritishsubjectfraudulentlyabscondingorfailingtodischargedebtsincurredbyhimtoaChinesesubject. 　　XXIII. 　　ShouldnativesofChinawhomayrepairtoHongKongtotradeincurdebtsthere,therecoveryofsuchdebtsmustbearrangedforbytheEnglishCourtsofjusticeonthespot;butshouldtheChinesedebtorabscond,andbeknowntohaveproperty,realorpersonal,withintheChineseterritory,itshallbethedutyoftheChineseauthorities,onapplicationby,andinconcertwith,theBritishConsul,todotheirutmosttoseejusticedonebetweentheparties. 　　XXIV. 　　ItisagreedthatBritishsubjectsshallpay,onallmerchandiseimportedorexportedbythem,thedutiesprescribedbythetariff;butinnocaseshalltheybecalledupontopayotherorhigherdutiesthanarerequiredofthesubjectsofanyotherforeignnation. 　　XXV. 　　Importdutiesshallbeconsideredpayableonthelandingofthegoods,anddutiesofexportontheshipmentofthesame. 　　XXVI. 　　WhereasthetarifffixedbyArticleXoftheTreatyofNanking,andwhichwasestimatedsoastoimposeonimportsandexportsadutyatabouttherateof5percent.advalorem,hasbeenfound,byreasonofthefallinvalueofvariousarticlesofmerchandise,thereinenumerated,toimposeadutyupontheseconsiderablyinexcessoftherateoriginallyassumedasabovetobeafairrate,itisagreedthatthesaidtariffshallberevised,andthatassoonastheTreatyshallhavebeensigned,applicationshallbemadetotheEmperorofChinatodeputeahighofficeroftheBoardofRevenuetomeet,atShanghai,officerstobedeputedonbehalfoftheBritishGovernment,toconsideritsrevisiontogether,sothatthetariff,asrevised,maycomeintooperationimmediatelyaftertheratificationofthisTreaty. 　　XXVII. 　　ItisagreedthateitheroftheHighContractingPartiestothisTreatymaydemandafurtherrevisionofthetariff,andofthecommercialArticlesofthisTreaty,attheendof10years;butifnodemandbemadeoneithersidewithin6monthsaftertheendofthefirst10years,thenthetariffshallremaininforcefor10yearsmore,reckonedfromtheendofthepreceding10years;andsoitshallbe,attheendofeachsuccessiveperiodof10years. 　　XXVIII. 　　WhereasitwasagreedinArticleXoftheTreatyofNanking,thatBritishimports,havingpaidthetariffduties,shouldbeconveyedintotheinteriorfreeofallfurthercharges,exceptatransitduty,theamountwhereofwasnottoexceedacertainpercentageontariffvalue;andwhereasnoaccurateinformationhavingbeenfurnishedoftheamountofsuchduty,Britishmerchantshaveconstantlycomplainedthatchargesaresuddenlyandarbitrarilyimposedbytheprovincialauthoritiesastransitdutiesuponproduceonitswaytotheforeignmarket,andonimportsontheirwayintotheinterior,tothedetrimentoftrade;itisagreedthatwithinfourmonthsfromthesigningofthisTreaty,atallportsnowopentoBritishtrade,andwithinasimilarperiodatallportsthatmayhereafterbeopened,theauthorityappointedtosuperintendthecollectionofdutiesshallbeobliged,uponapplicationoftheConsul,todeclaretheamountofdutieslevyableonproducebetweentheplaceofproductionandtheportofshipment,anduponimportsbetweentheConsularportinquestionandtheinlandmarketsnamedbytheConsul;andthatanotificationthereofshallbepublishedinEnglishandChineseforgeneralinformation. 　　ButitshallbeattheoptionofanyBritishsubject,desiringtoconveyproducepurchasedinlandtoaport,ortoconveyimportsfromaporttoaninlandmarket,toclearhisgoodsofalltransitduties,bypaymentofasinglecharge.Theamountofthischargeshallbelevyableonexportsatthefirstbarriertheymayhavetopass,or,onimports,attheportatwhichtheyarelanded;andonpaymentthereof,acertificateshallbeissued,whichshallexemptthegoodsfromallfurtherinlandchargeswhatsoever. 　　Itisfurtheragreed,thattheamountofthischargeshallbecalculated,asnearlyaspossible,attherateof21/2percent.advalorem,andthatitshallbefixedforeacharticleattheConferencetobeheldatShanghaifortherevisionofthetariff. 　　Itisdistinctlyunderstoodthatthepaymentoftransitdues,bycommutationorotherwise,shallinnowayaffectthetariffdutiesonimportsorexports,whichwillcontinuetobeleviedseparatelyandinfull.... 　　XXIX. 　　.............................. 　　AnyvesselclearingfromanyoftheopenportsofChinaforanyotheroftheopenports,orforHong-Kong,shallbeentitled,onapplicationofthemaster,toaspecialcertificatefromtheCustoms,onexhibitionofwhichsheshallbeexemptedfromallfurtherpaymentoftonnageduesinanyopenportofChina,foraperiodof4months,tobereckonedfromthedateofherportclearance. 　　XXX. 　　ThemasterofanyBritishmerchant-vesselmay,within48hoursafterthearrivalofhisvessel,butnotlater,decidetodepartwithoutbreakingbulk,inwhichcasehewillnotbesubjecttopaytonnagedues.Buttonnageduesshallbehelddueaftertheexpirationofthesaid48hours.Nootherfeesorchargesuponentryordepartureshallbelevied. 　　XXXI. 　　NotonnageduesshallbepayableonboatsemployedbyBritishsubjectsintheconveyanceofpassengers,baggage,letters,articlesofprovision,orotherarticlesnotsubjecttoduty,betweenanyoftheopenports.Allcargoboats,however,conveyingmerchandizesubjecttodutyshallpaytonnageduesoncein6months... 　　XXXII. 　　TheConsulsandSuperintendentsofCustomsshallconsulttogetherregardingtheerectionofbeaconsorlighthouses,andthedistributionofbuoysandlight-ships,asoccasionmaydemand.... 　　XXXVI. 　　WheneveraBritishmerchant-vesselshallarriveoffoneoftheopenports,theSuperintendentofCustomsshalldeputeoneormoreCustomsofficerstoguardtheship.Theyshalleitherliveinaboatoftheirown,orstayonboardtheship,asmaybestsuittheirconvenience.TheirfoodandexpensesshallbesuppliedthemfromtheCustom-House,andtheyshallnotbeentitledtoanyfeeswhateverfromthemasterorconsignee.Shouldtheyviolatethisregulation,theyshallbepunishedproportionatelytotheamountexacted. 　　XXXVII. 　　Within24hoursafterarrival,theship'spapers,billsoflading,&c.,shallbelodgedinthehandsoftheConsul,whowill,withinafurtherperiodof24hours,reporttotheSuperintendentofCustomsthenameoftheship,herregistertonnage,andthenatureofhercargo.If,owingtoneglectonthepartofthemaster,theaboveruleisnotcompliedwithwithin48hoursaftertheship'sarrival,heshallbeliabletoafineof50taelsforeveryday'sdelay;thetotalamountofpenalty,however,shallnotexceed200taels. 　　Themasterwillberesponsibleforthecorrectnessofthemanifest,whichshallcontainafullandtrueaccountoftheparticularsofthecargoonboard.Forpresentingafalsemanifest,hewillsubjecthimselftoafineOf500taels;buthewillbeallowedtocorrect,within24hoursafterdeliveryofittotheCustomsofficers,anymistakehemaydiscoverinhismanifest,withoutincurringthispenalty. 　　XXXVIII. 　　AfterreceivingfromtheConsulthereportindueform,theSuperintendentofCustomsshallgrantthevesselapermittoopenhatches.Ifthemastershallopenhatchesandbegintodischargeanygoodswithoutsuchpermission,heshallbefined500taels,andthegoodsdischargedshallbeconfiscatedwholly. 　　XXXIX. 　　AnyBritishmerchantwhohascargotolandorship,mustapplytotheSuperintendentofCustomsforaspecialpermit.Cargolandedorshippedwithoutsuchpermit,willbeliabletoconfiscation. 　　XL. 　　Notransshipmentfromonevesseltoanothercanbemadewithoutspecialpermission,underpainofconfiscationofthegoodssotranshipped. 　　XLI. 　　Whenallduesanddutiesshallhavebeenpaid,theSuperintendentofCustomsshallgiveaport-clearance,andtheConsulshallthenreturntheship'spapers,sothatshemaydepartonhervoyage. 　　XLII. 　　Withrespecttoarticlessubject,accordingtotheTariff,toanadvaloremduty,iftheBritishmerchantcannotagreewiththeChineseofficerinfixingavalue,theneachpartyshallcalltwoorthreemerchantstolookatthegoods,andthehighestpriceatwhichanyofthesemerchantswouldbewillingtopurchasethem,shallbeassumedasthevalueofthegoods.... 　　XLVI. 　　TheChineseauthoritiesateachportshalladoptthemeanstheymayjudgemostpropertopreventtherevenuesufferingfromfraudorsmuggling. 　　XLVII. 　　Britishmerchant-vesselsarenotentitledtoresorttootherthantheportsoftradedeclaredopenbythisTreaty.TheyarenotunlawfullytoenterotherportsinChina,ortocarryonclandestinetradealongthecoaststhereof.Anyvesselviolatingthisprovision,shall,withhercargo,besubjecttoconfiscationbytheChineseGovernment. 　　XLVIII. 　　IfanyBritishmerchant-vesselbeconcernedinsmuggling,thegoods,whatevertheirvalueornature,shallbesubjecttoconfiscationbytheChineseauthorities,andtheshipmaybeprohibitedfromtradingfurther,andsentawayassoonasheraccountsshallhavebeenadjustedandpaid. 　　XLIX. 　　Allpenaltiesenforced,orconfiscationsmade,underthisTreaty,shallbelongandbeappropriatedtothepublicserviceoftheGovernmentofChina. 　　L. 　　Allofficialcommunications,addressedbytheDiplomaticandConsularAgentsofHerMajestytheQueentotheChineseauthorities,shall,henceforth,bewritteninEnglish.TheywillforthepresentbeaccompaniedbyaChineseversion,butitisunderstoodthat,intheeventoftherebeinganydifferenceofmeaningbetweentheEnglishandChinesetext,theEnglishGovernmentwillholdthesenseasexpressedintheEnglishtexttobethecorrectsense.ThisprovisionistoapplytotheTreatynownegotiated,theChinesetextofwhichhasbeencarefullycorrectedbytheEnglishoriginal. 　　LI. 　　Itisagreed,thathenceforwardthecharacter"I"('barbarian')shallnotbeappliedtotheGovernmentorsubjectsofHerBritannicMajesty,inanyChineseofficialdocumentissuedbytheChineseauthorities,eitherinthecapitalorintheprovinces. 　　LII. 　　Britishshipsofwarcomingfornohostilepurpose,orbeingengagedinthepursuitofpirates,shallbeatlibertytovisitallportswithinthedominionsoftheEmperorofChinaandshallreceiveeveryfacilityforthepurchaseofprovisions,procuringwater,and.ifoccasionrequire,forthemakingofrepairs.TheCommandersofsuchshipsshallholdintercoursewiththeChineseauthoritiesontermsofequalityandcourtesy. 　　LIII. 　　InconsiderationoftheinjurysustainedbynativeandforeigncommercefromtheprevalenceofpiracyintheseasofChina,theHighContractingPartiesagreetoconcertmeasuresforitssupression. 　　LIV. 　　TheBritishGovernmentanditssubjectsareherebyconfirmedinallprivileges,immunities,andadvantagesconferredonthembypreviousTreaties;anditisherebyexpresslystipulated,thattheBritishGovernmentanditssubjectswillbeallowedfreeandequalparticipationinallprivileges,immunities,andadvantagesthatmayhavebeen,ormaybehereafter,grantedbyHisMajestytheEmperorofChinatotheGovernmentorsubjectsofanyothernation. 　　LVI. 　　TheratificationsofthisTreaty...shallbeexchangedatPeking,withinayearfromthisdayofsignature. 　　Intokenwhereof,therespectivePlenipotentiarieshavesignedandsealedthisTreaty. 　　DoneatTien-tsin,this26thdayofJune,intheyearofourLord1858....correspondingwiththeChinesedate. 《 zhōng fǎ tiān jīn tiáo yuē》 　　《 zhōng fǎ tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 yuán chēng《 hé yuē zhāng chéng》。 dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng qī jiān fǎ guó qiǎngpò qīng zhèng fǔ dìng lì de bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 6 yuè 27 rì qīng qīnchāi dà chén guì liáng、 huā shā nà yǔ fǎ guó quán quán dài biǎo gé luó zài tiān jīn qiān dìng。 gòng sì shí 'èr kuǎn。 lìng dìng《 hé yuē zhāng chéng bǔ yí》 liù kuǎn。 zhù yào nèi róng：（ 1） fǎ guó gōng shǐ dé zhù běi jīng；（ 2） zēng kāi qióng zhōu、 cháo zhōu、 tái wān（ tái nán）、 dàn shuǐ、 dēng zhōu、 nán jīng wéi tōng shāng kǒu 'àn（ hòu lái kāi bù shí， dēng zhōu kǒu 'àn shè zài yān tái， cháo zhōu kǒu 'àn shè zài shàn tóu）， bìng zài gè kǒu shè lǐng shì guān；（ 3） tiān zhù jiào jiào shì dé rù nèi dì zì yóu chuán jiào； fǎ guó rén dé wǎng nèi dì yóu lì；（ 4） fán zhōng guó yǔ gè guó yì dìng de shuì zé、 guān kǒu shuì、 dūn shuì、 guò guān shuì、 chū rù kǒu huò shuì， fǎ guó dōukě“ jūn zhān”；（ 5） fǎ guó bīng chuán kě yǐ zài zhōng guó gè tōng shāng kǒu 'àn tíng bó；（ 6） zhōng guó gěi fǎ guó péi kuǎn yín 'èr bǎi wàn liǎng。 《 zhōng yīng tōng shāng zhāng chéng shàn hòu tiáo yuē》 　　《 zhōng yīng tōng shāng zhāng chéng shàn hòu tiáo yuē》 yòu chēng《 zhōng yīng tōng shāng zhāng chéng》。《 zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē 》 de bǔ chōng tiáo kuǎn。 1858 nián（ xián fēng bā nián） 11 yuè 8 rì qīng qīnchāi dà chén guì liáng、 huā shā nà yǔ yīng guó quán quán dài biǎo 'é 'ěr jīn zài shàng hǎi qiān dìng。 gòng shí kuǎn， fù yòu《 hǎi guān shuì zé》。 zhù yào nèi róng：（ 1） hǎi guān pìn yòng yīng rén；（ 2） hǎi guān duì jìn chū kǒu huò yī lǜ 'àn shí jià zhí bǎi chōu wǔ zhēng shuì；（ 3） yáng huò yùn xiāo nèi dì， zhǐ nà zǐ kǒu shuì bǎi fēn zhī 'èr diǎn wǔ， bù zài nà lí jīn shuì；（ 4） yǔn xǔ yā piàn jìn kǒu， měi bǎi jīn nà jìn kǒu shuì sān shí liǎng。 cóng cǐ， yā piàn gōng kāi shū rù， wài huò chōng chì zhōng guó shì chǎng。 xiàngguāncí nán jīng xīn hài gé mìng mǎ tóu nán jīng tiáo yuē dì 'èr cì yā piàn zhàn zhēng bù lǔ sī běi jīng tiáo yuē bāo hán cí zhōng rì tiān jīn tiáo yuē zhōng fǎ tiān jīn tiáo yuē zhōng 'é tiān jīn tiáo yuē zhōng měi tiān jīn tiáo yuē zhōng yīng tiān jīn tiáo yuē zhōng dān tiān jīn tiáo yuē tiān jīn tiáo yuē ( xiāo qí yì )