| | 1931 nián， shì jiè shàng dì yī gè《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 qiān shǔ。 1946 nián，《 guó jì guǎn zhì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 qiān dìng。 1948 nián， guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì （ Ｉ Ｗ Ｃ） chéng lì， jiā rù guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì de huì yuán guó bì xū chéng rèn《 guó jì guǎn zhì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》。 měi gè huì yuán guó zhǐ pài wěi yuán， bìng jiē shòu zhuān jiā hé gù wèn de zhǐ dǎo。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì xiàn yòu 61 gè huì yuán guó， zhōng guó yě shì huì yuán zhī yī。 rì běn yú 1951 nián jiā rù guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì 。 1972 nián lián hé guó rén lèi huán jìng dà huì zuò chū jué yì， hūyù jìn zhǐ 10 nián shāng yè bǔ jīng。 guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì 1983 nián guī dìng quán miàn jìn zhǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng xíng wéi， 1986 nián《 jìn zhǐ bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 shēng xiào， měi nián bèi bǔ shā de jīng yú shù liàng cóng 2.2 wàn tóu xià jiàng dào 2700 tóu。 cǐ wài， guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì fēn bié yú 1979 nián hé 1994 nián jiàn lì liǎo yìn dù yáng jīng lèi bǎo hù qū hé nán dà yáng jīng lèi bǎo hù qū。
zì bān bù shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng 20 nián lái， zhōng guó yǔ měi、 yīng、 fǎ、 dé、 ào děng dà duō shù guó jiā shǐ zhōng fǎn duì bǔ jīng。 dàn yóu yú《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 de dì 8 tiáo guī dìng， rèn hé guó jiā kě yǐ gēn jù kē xué mùdì jī shā huò zhě bǔ lāo jīng， bìng yìng chōng fēn lì yòng jīng de shēn tǐ gè bù fēn。 zhè gěi rì běn děng guó tí gōng liǎo bǔ jīng de hé fǎ lǐ yóu。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì １ ９ ４ ６ nián１ ２ yuè２ rì gēn jù《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 zài huá shèng dùn chéng lì， qí zōng zhǐ hé rèn wù shì： diào chá jīng de shù liàng； zhì dìng bǔ lāo hé bǎo hù tài píng yáng jīng cáng liàng de cuò shī rú què dìng jīng de bǎo hù pǐn zhǒng hé fēi bǎo hù pǐn zhǒng、 kāi fàng qī hé jìn bǔ qī、 kāi fàng shuǐ yù hé jìn bǔ shuǐ yù、 bǔ lāo shí jiān hé gōng jù děng； duì bǔ jīng yè jìn xíng yán gé de guó jì jiān dū。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì １９ ８６ nián tōng guò liǎo《 quán qiú jìn zhǐ bǔ jīng gōng yuē》， yán gé jìn zhǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng。２ ００６ nián， gāi wěi yuán huì dà huì tōng guò liǎo yī xiàng zhī chí huī fù shāng yè bǔ jīng de yì 'àn， dàn yóu yú tuī fān１９８６ nián de shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng xū yào dé dào wěi yuán huì ７ ５ ％ yǐ shàng chéng yuán de zhī chí， yīn cǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng mù qián yǐ rán yòu xiào。
guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē
yuán wén
internationalconventionfortheregulationofwhaling
washington,2nddecember,1946
thegovernmentswhosedulyauthorisedrepresentativeshavesubscribedhereto,
recognizingtheinterestofthenationsoftheworldinsafeguardingforfuturegenerationsthegreatnaturalresourcesrepresentedbythewhalestocks;
consideringthatthehistoryofwhalinghasseenover-fishingofoneareaafteranotherandofonespeciesofwhaleafteranothertosuchadegreethatitisessentialtoprotectallspeciesofwhalesfromfurtherover-fishing;
recognizingthatthewhalestocksaresusceptibleofnaturalincreasesifwhalingisproperlyregulated,andthatincreasesinthesizeofwhalestockswillpermitincreasesinthenumberofwhaleswhichmaybecapturedwithoutendangeringthesenaturalresources;
recognizingthatitisinthecommoninteresttoachievetheoptimumlevelofwhalestocksasrapidlyaspossiblewithoutcausingwidespreadeconomicandnutritionaldistress;
recognizingthatinthecourseofachievingtheseobjectives,whalingoperationsshouldbeconfinedtothosespeciesbestabletosustainexploitationinordertogiveanintervalforrecoverytocertainspeciesofwhalesnowdepletedinnumbers;
desiringtoestablishasystemofinternationalregulationforthewhalefisheriestoensureproperandeffectiveconservationanddevelopmentofwhalestocksonthebasisoftheprinciplesembodiedintheprovisionsoftheinternationalagreementfortheregulationofwhaling,signedinlondonon8thjune,1937,andtheprotocolstothatagreementsignedinlondonon24thjune,1938,and26thnovember,1945;and
havingdecidedtoconcludeaconventiontoprovidefortheproperconservationofwhalestocksandthusmakepossibletheorderlydevelopmentofthewhalingindustry;
haveagreedasfollows:-
articlei
thisconventionincludesthescheduleattachedtheretowhichformsanintegralpartthereof.allreferencesto"convention"shallbeunderstoodasincludingthesaidscheduleeitherinitspresenttermsorasamendedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticlev.
thisconventionappliestofactoryships,landstations,andwhalecatchersunderthejurisdictionofthecontractinggovernmentsandtoallwatersinwhichwhalingisprosecutedbysuchfactoryships,landstations,andwhalecatchers.
articleii
asusedinthisconvention:-
"factoryship"meansashipinwhichoronwhichwhalesaretreatedeitherwhollyorinpart;
"landstation"meansafactoryonthelandatwhichwhalesaretreatedwhetherwhollyorinpart;
"whalecatcher"meansashipusedforthepurposeofhunting,taking,towing,holdingonto,orscoutingforwhales;
"contractinggovernment"meansanygovernmentwhichhasdepositedaninstrumentofratificationorhasgivennoticeofadherencetothisconvention.
articleiii
thecontractinggovernmentsagreetoestablishaninternationalwhalingcommission,hereinafterreferredtoasthecommission,tobecomposedofonememberfromeachcontractinggovernment.eachmembershallhaveonevoteandmaybeaccompaniedbyoneormoreexpertsandadvisers.
thecommissionshallelectfromitsownmembersachairmanandvice-chairmanandshalldetermineitsownrulesofprocedure.decisionsofthecommissionshallbetakenbyasimplemajorityofthosemembersvotingexceptthatathree-fourthsmajorityofthosemembersvotingshallberequiredforactioninpursuanceofarticlev.therulesofproceduremayprovidefordecisionsotherwisethanatmeetingsofthecommission.
thecommissionmayappointitsownsecretaryandstaff.
thecommissionmaysetup,fromamongitsownmembersandexpertsoradvisers,suchcommitteesasitconsidersdesirabletoperformsuchfunctionsasitmayauthorize.
theexpensesofeachmemberofthecommissionandofhisexpertsandadvisersshallbedeterminedbyhisowngovernment.
recognizingthatspecializedagenciesrelatedtotheunitednationswillbeconcernedwiththeconservationanddevelopmentofwhalefisheriesandtheproductsarisingtherefromanddesiringtoavoidduplicationoffunctions,thecontractinggovernmentswillconsultamongthemselveswithintwoyearsafterthecomingintoforceofthisconventiontodecidewhetherthecommissionshallbebroughtwithintheframeworkofaspecializedagencyrelatedtotheunitednations.
inthemeantimethegovernmentoftheunitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernirelandshallarrange,inconsultationwiththeothercontractinggovernments,toconvenethefirstmeetingofthecommission,andshallinitiatetheconsultationreferredtoinparagraph6above.
subsequentmeetingsofthecommissionshallbeconvenedasthecommissionmaydetermine.
articleiv
thecommissionmayeitherincollaborationwithorthroughindependentagenciesofthecontractinggovernmentsorotherpublicorprivateagencies,establishments,ororganizations,orindependently;(a)encourage,recommend,orifnecessary,organizestudiesandinvestigationsrelatingtowhalesandwhaling;(b)collectandanalyzestatisticalinformationconcerningthecurrentconditionandtrendofthewhalestocksandtheeffectsofwhalingactivitiesthereon;(c)study,appraise,anddisseminateinformationconcerningmethodsofmaintainingandincreasingthepopulationsofwhalestocks.
thecommissionshallarrangeforthepublicationofreportsofitsactivities,anditmaypublishindependentlyorincollaborationwiththeinternationalbureauforwhalingstatisticsatsandefjordinnorwayandotherorganizationsandagenciessuchreportsasitdeemsappropriate,aswellasstatistical,scientific,andotherpertinentinformationrelatingtowhalesandwhaling.
articlev
thecommissionmayamendfromtimetotimetheprovisionsoftheschedulebyadoptingregulationswithrespecttotheconservationandutilizationofwhaleresources,fixing(a)protectedandunprotectedspecies;(b)openandclosedseasons;(c)openandclosedwaters,includingthedesignationofsanctuaryareas;(d)sizelimitsforeachspecies;(e)time,methods,andintensityofwhaling(includingthemaximumcatchofwhalestobetakeninanyoneseason);(f)typesandspecificationsofgearandapparatusandapplianceswhichmaybeused;(g)methodsofmeasurement;and(h)catchreturnsandotherstatisticalandbiologicalrecords.
theseamendmentsoftheschedule(a)shallbesuchasarenecessarytocarryouttheobjectivesandpurposesofthisconventionandtoprovidefortheconservation,development,andoptimumutilizationofthewhaleresources;(b)shallbebasedonscientificfindings;(c)shallnotinvolverestrictionsonthenumberornationalityoffactoryshipsorlandstations,norallocatespecificquotastoanyfactoryshiporlandstationortoanygroupoffactoryshipsorlandstations;and(d)shalltakeintoconsiderationtheinterestsoftheconsumersofwhaleproductsandthewhalingindustry.
eachofsuchamendmentsshallbecomeeffectivewithrespecttothecontractinggovernmentsninetydaysfollowingnotificationoftheamendmentbythecommissiontoeachofthecontractinggovernments,exceptthat(a)ifanygovernmentpresentstothecommissionobjectiontoanyamendmentpriortotheexpirationofthisninety-dayperiod,theamendmentshallnotbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoanyofthegovernmentsforanadditionalninetydays;(b)thereupon,anyothercontractinggovernmentmaypresentobjectiontotheamendmentatanytimepriortotheexpirationoftheadditionalninety-dayperiod,orbeforetheexpirationofthirtydaysfromthedateofreceiptofthelastobjectionreceivedduringsuchadditionalninety-dayperiod,whicheverdateshallbethelater;and(c)thereafter,theamendmentshallbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoallcontractinggovernmentswhichhavenotpresentedobjectionbutshallnotbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoanygovernmentwhichhassoobjecteduntilsuchdateastheobjectioniswithdrawn.thecommissionshallnotifyeachcontractinggovernmentimmediatelyuponreceiptofeachobjectionandwithdrawalandeachcontractinggovernmentshallacknowledgereceiptofallnotificationsofamendments,objections,andwithdrawals.
noamendmentsshallbecomeeffectivebefore1stjuly,1949.
articlevi
thecommissionmayfromtimetotimemakerecommendationstoanyorallcontractinggovernmentsonanymatterswhichrelatetowhalesorwhalingandtotheobjectivesandpurposesofthisconvention.
articlevii
thecontractinggovernmentshallensureprompttransmissiontotheinternationalbureauforwhalingstatisticsatsandefjordinnorway,ortosuchotherbodyasthecommissionmaydesignate,ofnotificationsandstatisticalandotherinformationrequiredbythisconventioninsuchformandmannerasmaybeprescribedbythecommission.
articleviii
notwithstandinganythingcontainedinthisconventionanycontractinggovernmentmaygranttoanyofitsnationalsaspecialpermitauthorizingthatnationaltokill,takeandtreatwhalesforpurposesofscientificresearchsubjecttosuchrestrictionsastonumberandsubjecttosuchotherconditionsasthecontractinggovernmentthinksfit,andthekilling,taking,andtreatingofwhalesinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisarticleshallbeexemptfromtheoperationofthisconvention.eachcontractinggovernmentshallreportatoncetothecommissionallsuchauthorizationswhichithasgranted.eachcontractinggovernmentmayatanytimerevokeanysuchspecialpermitwhichithasgranted.
anywhalestakenunderthesespecialpermitsshallsofaraspracticablebeprocessedandtheproceedsshallbedealtwithinaccordancewithdirectionsissuedbythegovernmentbywhichthepermitwasgranted.
eachcontractinggovernmentshalltransmittosuchbodyasmaybedesignatedbythecommission,insofaraspracticable,andatintervalsofnotmorethanoneyear,scientificinformationavailabletothatgovernmentwithrespecttowhalesandwhaling,includingtheresultsofresearchconductedpursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticleandtoarticleiv.
recognizingthatcontinuouscollectionandanalysisofbiologicaldatainconnectionwiththeoperationsoffactoryshipsandlandstationsareindispensabletosoundandconstructivemanagementofthewhalefisheries,thecontractinggovernmentswilltakeallpracticablemeasurestoobtainsuchdata.
articleix
eachcontractinggovernmentshalltakeappropriatemeasurestoensuretheapplicationoftheprovisionsofthisconventionandthepunishmentofinfractionsagainstthesaidprovisionsinoperationscarriedoutbypersonsorbyvesselsunderitsjurisdiction.
nobonusorotherremunerationcalculatedwithrelationtotheresultsoftheirworkshallbepaidtothegunnersandcrewsofwhalecatchersinrespectofanywhalesthetakingofwhichisforbiddenbythisconvention.
prosecutionforinfractionsagainstorcontraventionsofthisconventionshallbeinstitutedbythegovernmenthavingjurisdictionovertheoffence.
eachcontractinggovernmentshalltransmittothecommissionfulldetailsofeachinfractionoftheprovisionsofthisconventionbypersonsorvesselsunderthejurisdictionofthatgovernmentasreportedbyitsinspectors.thisinformationshallincludeastatementofmeasurestakenfordealingwiththeinfractionandofpenaltiesimposed.
articlex
thisconventionshallberatifiedandtheinstrumentsofratificationsshallbedepositedwiththegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamerica.
anygovernmentwhichhasnotsignedthisconventionmayadheretheretoafteritentersintoforcebyanotificationinwritingtothegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamerica.
thegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamericashallinformallothersignatorygovernmentsandalladheringgovernmentsofallratificationsdepositedandadherencesreceived.
thisconventionshall,wheninstrumentsofratificationhavebeendepositedbyatleastsixsignatorygovernments,whichshallincludethegovernmentsofthenetherlands,norway,theunionofsovietsocialistrepublics,theunitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernireland,andtheunitedstatesofamerica,enterintoforcewithrespecttothosegovernmentsandshallenterintoforcewithrespecttoeachgovernmentwhichsubsequentlyratifiesoradheresonthedateofthedepositofitsinstrumentofratificationorthereceiptofitsnotificationofadherence.
theprovisionsofthescheduleshallnotapplypriorto1stjuly,1948.amendmentstothescheduleadoptedpursuanttoarticlevshallnotapplypriorto1stjuly,1949.
articlexi
anycontractinggovernmentmaywithdrawfromthisconventionon30thjune,ofanyyearbygivingnoticeonorbefore1stjanuary,ofthesameyeartothedepositorygovernment,whichuponreceiptofsuchanoticeshallatoncecommunicateittotheothercontractinggovernments.anyothercontractinggovernmentmay,inlikemanner,withinonemonthofthereceiptofacopyofsuchanoticefromthedepositorygovernmentgivenoticeofwithdrawal,sothattheconventionshallceasetobeinforceon30thjune,ofthesameyearwithrespecttothegovernmentgivingsuchnoticeofwithdrawal.
theconventionshallbearthedateonwhichitisopenedforsignatureandshallremainopenforsignatureforaperiodoffourteendaysthereafter.
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inwitnesswhereoftheundersigned,beingdulyauthorized,havesignedthisconvention.
doneinwashingtonthisseconddayofdecember,1946,intheenglishlanguage,theoriginalofwhichshallbedepositedinthearchivesofthegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamerica.thegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamericashalltransmitcertifiedcopiesthereoftoalltheothersignatoryandadheringgovernments.
signatories:
forargentina:oscarivanissevich,josémanuelmoneta,guillermobrown,pedroh.brunovidela
foraustralia:francisf.anderson
forbrazil:paulofróesdacruz
forcanada:h.h.wrong,h.a.scott
forchile:augustínr.edwards
fordenmark:peterfriedricherichsen
forfrance:francislacoste
forthenetherlands:d.j.vandijk
fornewzealand:guyrichardsonpowles
fornorway:birgerbergersen
forperu:carlosrotalde
fortheunionofsovietsocialistrepublics:alexanders.bogdanov,euginei.nikishin
fortheunitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernireland:a.t.a.dobson,j.thomson
fortheunitedstatesofamerica:remingtonkellogg,iran.gabrielson,williame.s.flory
fortheunionofsouthafrica:h.t.andrews
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theprotocol
washington,19thnovember1956
protocoltotheinternationalconventionfortheregulationofwhalingsignedatwashingtonunderdateofdecember2,1946
thecontractinggovernmentstotheinternationalconventionfortheregulationofwhalingsignedatwashingtonunderdateof2nddecember,1946whichconventionishereinafterreferredtoasthe1946whalingconvention,desiringtoextendtheapplicationofthatconventiontohelicoptersandotheraircraftandtoincludeprovisionsonmethodsofinspectionamongthosescheduleprovisionswhichmaybeamendedbythecommission,agreeasfollows:
articlei
subparagraph3ofthearticleiiofthe1946whalingconventionshallbeamendedtoreadasfollows:
"3. ‘ whalecatcher ’ meansahelicopter,orotheraircraft,oraship,usedforthepurposeofhunting,taking,killing,towing,holdingonto,orscoutingforwhales."
articleii
paragraph1ofarticlevofthe1946whalingconventionshallbeamendedbydeletingtheword"and"precedingclause(h),substitutingasemicolonfortheperiodattheendoftheparagraph,andaddingthefollowinglanguage:"and(i)methodsofinspection".
articleiii
thisprotocolshallbeopenforsignatureandratificationorforadherenceonbehalfofanycontractinggovernmenttothe1946whalingconvention.
thisprotocolshallenterintoforceonthedateuponwhichinstrumentsofratificationhavebeendepositedwith,orwrittennotificationsofadherencehavebeenreceivedby,thegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamericaonbehalfofallthecontractinggovernmentstothe1946whalingconvention.
thegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamericashallinformallgovernmentssignatoryoradheringtothe1946whalingconventionofallratificationsdepositedandadherencesreceived.
thisprotocolshallbearthedateonwhichitisopenedforsignatureandshallremainopenforsignatureforaperiodoffourteendaysthereafter,followingwhichperioditshallbeopenforadherence.
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inwitnesswhereoftheundersigned,beingdulyauthorized,havesignedthisprotocol.
doneinwashingtonthisnineteenthdayofnovember,1956,intheenglishlanguage,theoriginalofwhichshallbedepositedinthearchivesofthegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamerica.thegovernmentoftheunitedstatesofamericashalltransmitcertifiedcopiesthereoftoallgovernmentssignatoryoradheringtothe1946whalingconvention.
signatories:
forchile:augustínr.edwards
forperu:carlosrotalde
forargentina:oscarivanissevich,josémanuelmoneta,guillermobrown,pedroh.brunovidela
fordenmark:peterfriedricherichsen
fortheunionofsovietsocialistrepublics:alexanders.bogdanov,euginei.nikishin
foraustralia:francisf.anderson
forfrance:francislacoste
fortheunitedkingdomofgreatbritainandnorthernireland:a.t.a.dobson,j.thomson
forbrazil:paulofróesdacruz
forthenetherlands:guyrichardsonpowles
fortheunitedstatesofamerica:remingtonkellogg,iran.gabrielson,williame.s.flory
forcanada:h.h.wrong,h.a.scott
fornewzealand:birgerbergersen
fortheunionofsouthafrica:h.t.andrews | | guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì （ yīng yǔ： InternationalWhalingCommission(IWC)） shì gēn jù guó jì bǔ jīng guǎn zhì gōng yuē chéng lì de guó jì bǔ jīng guǎn zhì jī gòu。 guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì de zǒng bù shè yú yīng guó jiàn qiáo huì cháng yǔ fù huì cháng de rèn qī wéi 3 nián， wěi yuán huì nián huì tōng cháng yú měi nián 5、 6 yuè jiān zhào kāi。
1931 nián， shì jiè shàng dì yī gè《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 qiān shǔ。 1946 nián，《 guó jì guǎn zhì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 qiān dìng。 1948 nián， guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì （ＩＷＣ） chéng lì， jiā rù guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì de huì yuán guó bì xū chéng rèn《 guó jì guǎn zhì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》。 měi gè huì yuán guó zhǐ pài wěi yuán， bìng jiē shòu zhuān jiā hé gù wèn de zhǐ dǎo。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì xiàn yòu 61 gè huì yuán guó， zhōng guó yě shì huì yuán zhī yī。 rì běn yú 1951 nián jiā rù guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì 。 1972 nián lián hé guó rén lèi huán jìng dà huì zuò chū jué yì， hūyù jìn zhǐ 10 nián shāng yè bǔ jīng。 guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì 1983 nián guī dìng quán miàn jìn zhǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng xíng wéi， 1986 nián《 jìn zhǐ bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 shēng xiào， měi nián bèi bǔ shā de jīng yú shù liàng cóng 2.2 wàn tóu xià jiàng dào 2700 tóu。 cǐ wài， guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì fēn bié yú 1979 nián hé 1994 nián jiàn lì liǎo yìn dù yáng jīng lèi bǎo hù qū hé nán dà yáng jīng lèi bǎo hù qū。
zì bān bù shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng 20 nián lái， zhōng guó yǔ měi、 yīng、 fǎ、 dé、 ào děng dà duō shù guó jiā shǐ zhōng fǎn duì bǔ jīng。 dàn yóu yú《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 de dì 8 tiáo guī dìng， rèn hé guó jiā kě yǐ gēn jù kē xué mùdì jī shā huò zhě bǔ lāo jīng， bìng yìng chōng fēn lì yòng jīng de shēn tǐ gè bù fēn。 zhè gěi rì běn děng guó tí gōng liǎo bǔ jīng de hé fǎ lǐ yóu。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì １９４６ nián１２ yuè２ rì gēn jù《 guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē》 zài huá shèng dùn chéng lì， qí zōng zhǐ hé rèn wù shì： diào chá jīng de shù liàng； zhì dìng bǔ lāo hé bǎo hù tài píng yáng jīng cáng liàng de cuò shī rú què dìng jīng de bǎo hù pǐn zhǒng hé fēi bǎo hù pǐn zhǒng、 kāi fàng qī hé jìn bǔ qī、 kāi fàng shuǐ yù hé jìn bǔ shuǐ yù、 bǔ lāo shí jiān hé gōng jù děng； duì bǔ jīng yè jìn xíng yán gé de guó jì jiān dū。
guó jì bǔ jīng wěi yuán huì １９８６ nián tōng guò liǎo《 quán qiú jìn zhǐ bǔ jīng gōng yuē》， yán gé jìn zhǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng。２００６ nián， gāi wěi yuán huì dà huì tōng guò liǎo yī xiàng zhī chí huī fù shāng yè bǔ jīng de yì 'àn， dàn yóu yú tuī fān１９８６ nián de shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng xū yào dé dào wěi yuán huì７５％ yǐ shàng chéng yuán de zhī chí， yīn cǐ shāng yè bǔ jīng jìn lìng mù qián yǐ rán yòu xiào。
chéng yuán guó
zhōng guó、 dān mài、 bā xī、 rì běn、 yìn dù、 duō mǐ ní jiā、 bǎi mù dà、 xī bān yá、 bèi lǐ sī、 wěi nèi ruì lā、 fǎ guó、 kěn yà、 fēn lán、 ā gēn tíng、 nán fēi、 měi guó、 yīng guó、 gē sī dá lí jiā、 nuó wēi、 gé ruì nà dá、 bìlǔ、 suǒ luó mén、 xīn xī lán、 hé lán、 zhì lì、 sài nèi jiā 'ěr、 ào dì lì、 ài 'ěr lán、 ruì shì、 ruì diǎn、 shèng wén sēn、 dé guó、 mó nà gē、 mò xī gē、 ào zhōu、 sū lián ( xiàn zài de 'é luó sī )
guó jì bǔ jīng gōng yuē
yuán wén
INTERNATIONALCONVENTIONFORTHEREGULATIONOFWHALING
WASHINGTON,2NDDECEMBER,1946
TheGovernmentswhosedulyauthorisedrepresentativeshavesubscribedhereto,
Recognizingtheinterestofthenationsoftheworldinsafeguardingforfuturegenerationsthegreatnaturalresourcesrepresentedbythewhalestocks;
Consideringthatthehistoryofwhalinghasseenover-fishingofoneareaafteranotherandofonespeciesofwhaleafteranothertosuchadegreethatitisessentialtoprotectallspeciesofwhalesfromfurtherover-fishing;
Recognizingthatthewhalestocksaresusceptibleofnaturalincreasesifwhalingisproperlyregulated,andthatincreasesinthesizeofwhalestockswillpermitincreasesinthenumberofwhaleswhichmaybecapturedwithoutendangeringthesenaturalresources;
Recognizingthatitisinthecommoninteresttoachievetheoptimumlevelofwhalestocksasrapidlyaspossiblewithoutcausingwidespreadeconomicandnutritionaldistress;
Recognizingthatinthecourseofachievingtheseobjectives,whalingoperationsshouldbeconfinedtothosespeciesbestabletosustainexploitationinordertogiveanintervalforrecoverytocertainspeciesofwhalesnowdepletedinnumbers;
DesiringtoestablishasystemofinternationalregulationforthewhalefisheriestoensureproperandeffectiveconservationanddevelopmentofwhalestocksonthebasisoftheprinciplesembodiedintheprovisionsoftheInternationalAgreementfortheRegulationofWhaling,signedinLondonon8thJune,1937,andtheprotocolstothatAgreementsignedinLondonon24thJune,1938,and26thNovember,1945;and
Havingdecidedtoconcludeaconventiontoprovidefortheproperconservationofwhalestocksandthusmakepossibletheorderlydevelopmentofthewhalingindustry;
Haveagreedasfollows:-
ArticleI
ThisConventionincludestheScheduleattachedtheretowhichformsanintegralpartthereof.Allreferencesto"Convention"shallbeunderstoodasincludingthesaidScheduleeitherinitspresenttermsorasamendedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticleV.
ThisConventionappliestofactoryships,landstations,andwhalecatchersunderthejurisdictionoftheContractingGovernmentsandtoallwatersinwhichwhalingisprosecutedbysuchfactoryships,landstations,andwhalecatchers.
ArticleII
AsusedinthisConvention:-
"Factoryship"meansashipinwhichoronwhichwhalesaretreatedeitherwhollyorinpart;
"Landstation"meansafactoryonthelandatwhichwhalesaretreatedwhetherwhollyorinpart;
"Whalecatcher"meansashipusedforthepurposeofhunting,taking,towing,holdingonto,orscoutingforwhales;
"ContractingGovernment"meansanyGovernmentwhichhasdepositedaninstrumentofratificationorhasgivennoticeofadherencetothisConvention.
ArticleIII
TheContractingGovernmentsagreetoestablishanInternationalWhalingCommission,hereinafterreferredtoastheCommission,tobecomposedofonememberfromeachContractingGovernment.Eachmembershallhaveonevoteandmaybeaccompaniedbyoneormoreexpertsandadvisers.
TheCommissionshallelectfromitsownmembersaChairmanandVice-ChairmanandshalldetermineitsownRulesofProcedure.DecisionsoftheCommissionshallbetakenbyasimplemajorityofthosemembersvotingexceptthatathree-fourthsmajorityofthosemembersvotingshallberequiredforactioninpursuanceofArticleV.TheRulesofProceduremayprovidefordecisionsotherwisethanatmeetingsoftheCommission.
TheCommissionmayappointitsownSecretaryandstaff.
TheCommissionmaysetup,fromamongitsownmembersandexpertsoradvisers,suchcommitteesasitconsidersdesirabletoperformsuchfunctionsasitmayauthorize.
TheexpensesofeachmemberoftheCommissionandofhisexpertsandadvisersshallbedeterminedbyhisownGovernment.
RecognizingthatspecializedagenciesrelatedtotheUnitedNationswillbeconcernedwiththeconservationanddevelopmentofwhalefisheriesandtheproductsarisingtherefromanddesiringtoavoidduplicationoffunctions,theContractingGovernmentswillconsultamongthemselveswithintwoyearsafterthecomingintoforceofthisConventiontodecidewhethertheCommissionshallbebroughtwithintheframeworkofaspecializedagencyrelatedtotheUnitedNations.
InthemeantimetheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandshallarrange,inconsultationwiththeotherContractingGovernments,toconvenethefirstmeetingoftheCommission,andshallinitiatetheconsultationreferredtoinparagraph6above.
SubsequentmeetingsoftheCommissionshallbeconvenedastheCommissionmaydetermine.
ArticleIV
TheCommissionmayeitherincollaborationwithorthroughindependentagenciesoftheContractingGovernmentsorotherpublicorprivateagencies,establishments,ororganizations,orindependently;(a)encourage,recommend,orifnecessary,organizestudiesandinvestigationsrelatingtowhalesandwhaling;(b)collectandanalyzestatisticalinformationconcerningthecurrentconditionandtrendofthewhalestocksandtheeffectsofwhalingactivitiesthereon;(c)study,appraise,anddisseminateinformationconcerningmethodsofmaintainingandincreasingthepopulationsofwhalestocks.
TheCommissionshallarrangeforthepublicationofreportsofitsactivities,anditmaypublishindependentlyorincollaborationwiththeInternationalBureauforWhalingStatisticsatSandefjordinNorwayandotherorganizationsandagenciessuchreportsasitdeemsappropriate,aswellasstatistical,scientific,andotherpertinentinformationrelatingtowhalesandwhaling.
ArticleV
TheCommissionmayamendfromtimetotimetheprovisionsoftheSchedulebyadoptingregulationswithrespecttotheconservationandutilizationofwhaleresources,fixing(a)protectedandunprotectedspecies;(b)openandclosedseasons;(c)openandclosedwaters,includingthedesignationofsanctuaryareas;(d)sizelimitsforeachspecies;(e)time,methods,andintensityofwhaling(includingthemaximumcatchofwhalestobetakeninanyoneseason);(f)typesandspecificationsofgearandapparatusandapplianceswhichmaybeused;(g)methodsofmeasurement;and(h)catchreturnsandotherstatisticalandbiologicalrecords.
TheseamendmentsoftheSchedule(a)shallbesuchasarenecessarytocarryouttheobjectivesandpurposesofthisConventionandtoprovidefortheconservation,development,andoptimumutilizationofthewhaleresources;(b)shallbebasedonscientificfindings;(c)shallnotinvolverestrictionsonthenumberornationalityoffactoryshipsorlandstations,norallocatespecificquotastoanyfactoryshiporlandstationortoanygroupoffactoryshipsorlandstations;and(d)shalltakeintoconsiderationtheinterestsoftheconsumersofwhaleproductsandthewhalingindustry.
EachofsuchamendmentsshallbecomeeffectivewithrespecttotheContractingGovernmentsninetydaysfollowingnotificationoftheamendmentbytheCommissiontoeachoftheContractingGovernments,exceptthat(a)ifanyGovernmentpresentstotheCommissionobjectiontoanyamendmentpriortotheexpirationofthisninety-dayperiod,theamendmentshallnotbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoanyoftheGovernmentsforanadditionalninetydays;(b)thereupon,anyotherContractingGovernmentmaypresentobjectiontotheamendmentatanytimepriortotheexpirationoftheadditionalninety-dayperiod,orbeforetheexpirationofthirtydaysfromthedateofreceiptofthelastobjectionreceivedduringsuchadditionalninety-dayperiod,whicheverdateshallbethelater;and(c)thereafter,theamendmentshallbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoallContractingGovernmentswhichhavenotpresentedobjectionbutshallnotbecomeeffectivewithrespecttoanyGovernmentwhichhassoobjecteduntilsuchdateastheobjectioniswithdrawn.TheCommissionshallnotifyeachContractingGovernmentimmediatelyuponreceiptofeachobjectionandwithdrawalandeachContractingGovernmentshallacknowledgereceiptofallnotificationsofamendments,objections,andwithdrawals.
Noamendmentsshallbecomeeffectivebefore1stJuly,1949.
ArticleVI
TheCommissionmayfromtimetotimemakerecommendationstoanyorallContractingGovernmentsonanymatterswhichrelatetowhalesorwhalingandtotheobjectivesandpurposesofthisConvention.
ArticleVII
TheContractingGovernmentshallensureprompttransmissiontotheInternationalBureauforWhalingStatisticsatSandefjordinNorway,ortosuchotherbodyastheCommissionmaydesignate,ofnotificationsandstatisticalandotherinformationrequiredbythisConventioninsuchformandmannerasmaybeprescribedbytheCommission.
ArticleVIII
NotwithstandinganythingcontainedinthisConventionanyContractingGovernmentmaygranttoanyofitsnationalsaspecialpermitauthorizingthatnationaltokill,takeandtreatwhalesforpurposesofscientificresearchsubjecttosuchrestrictionsastonumberandsubjecttosuchotherconditionsastheContractingGovernmentthinksfit,andthekilling,taking,andtreatingofwhalesinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisArticleshallbeexemptfromtheoperationofthisConvention.EachContractingGovernmentshallreportatoncetotheCommissionallsuchauthorizationswhichithasgranted.EachContractingGovernmentmayatanytimerevokeanysuchspecialpermitwhichithasgranted.
AnywhalestakenunderthesespecialpermitsshallsofaraspracticablebeprocessedandtheproceedsshallbedealtwithinaccordancewithdirectionsissuedbytheGovernmentbywhichthepermitwasgranted.
EachContractingGovernmentshalltransmittosuchbodyasmaybedesignatedbytheCommission,insofaraspracticable,andatintervalsofnotmorethanoneyear,scientificinformationavailabletothatGovernmentwithrespecttowhalesandwhaling,includingtheresultsofresearchconductedpursuanttoparagraph1ofthisArticleandtoArticleIV.
Recognizingthatcontinuouscollectionandanalysisofbiologicaldatainconnectionwiththeoperationsoffactoryshipsandlandstationsareindispensabletosoundandconstructivemanagementofthewhalefisheries,theContractingGovernmentswilltakeallpracticablemeasurestoobtainsuchdata.
ArticleIX
EachContractingGovernmentshalltakeappropriatemeasurestoensuretheapplicationoftheprovisionsofthisConventionandthepunishmentofinfractionsagainstthesaidprovisionsinoperationscarriedoutbypersonsorbyvesselsunderitsjurisdiction.
NobonusorotherremunerationcalculatedwithrelationtotheresultsoftheirworkshallbepaidtothegunnersandcrewsofwhalecatchersinrespectofanywhalesthetakingofwhichisforbiddenbythisConvention.
ProsecutionforinfractionsagainstorcontraventionsofthisConventionshallbeinstitutedbytheGovernmenthavingjurisdictionovertheoffence.
EachContractingGovernmentshalltransmittotheCommissionfulldetailsofeachinfractionoftheprovisionsofthisConventionbypersonsorvesselsunderthejurisdictionofthatGovernmentasreportedbyitsinspectors.Thisinformationshallincludeastatementofmeasurestakenfordealingwiththeinfractionandofpenaltiesimposed.
ArticleX
ThisConventionshallberatifiedandtheinstrumentsofratificationsshallbedepositedwiththeGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
AnyGovernmentwhichhasnotsignedthisConventionmayadheretheretoafteritentersintoforcebyanotificationinwritingtotheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericashallinformallothersignatoryGovernmentsandalladheringGovernmentsofallratificationsdepositedandadherencesreceived.
ThisConventionshall,wheninstrumentsofratificationhavebeendepositedbyatleastsixsignatoryGovernments,whichshallincludetheGovernmentsoftheNetherlands,Norway,theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,enterintoforcewithrespecttothoseGovernmentsandshallenterintoforcewithrespecttoeachGovernmentwhichsubsequentlyratifiesoradheresonthedateofthedepositofitsinstrumentofratificationorthereceiptofitsnotificationofadherence.
TheprovisionsoftheScheduleshallnotapplypriorto1stJuly,1948.AmendmentstotheScheduleadoptedpursuanttoArticleVshallnotapplypriorto1stJuly,1949.
ArticleXI
AnyContractingGovernmentmaywithdrawfromthisConventionon30thJune,ofanyyearbygivingnoticeonorbefore1stJanuary,ofthesameyeartothedepositoryGovernment,whichuponreceiptofsuchanoticeshallatoncecommunicateittotheotherContractingGovernments.AnyotherContractingGovernmentmay,inlikemanner,withinonemonthofthereceiptofacopyofsuchanoticefromthedepositoryGovernmentgivenoticeofwithdrawal,sothattheConventionshallceasetobeinforceon30thJune,ofthesameyearwithrespecttotheGovernmentgivingsuchnoticeofwithdrawal.
TheConventionshallbearthedateonwhichitisopenedforsignatureandshallremainopenforsignatureforaperiodoffourteendaysthereafter.
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Inwitnesswhereoftheundersigned,beingdulyauthorized,havesignedthisConvention.
DoneinWashingtonthisseconddayofDecember,1946,intheEnglishlanguage,theoriginalofwhichshallbedepositedinthearchivesoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericashalltransmitcertifiedcopiesthereoftoalltheothersignatoryandadheringGovernments.
SIGNATORIES:
FORARGENTINA:OscarIvanissevich,JoséManuelMoneta,GuillermoBrown,PedroH.BrunoVidela
FORAUSTRALIA:FrancisF.Anderson
FORBRAZIL:PauloFróesdaCruz
FORCANADA:H.H.Wrong,H.A.Scott
FORCHILE:AugustínR.Edwards
FORDENMARK:PeterFriedrichErichsen
FORFRANCE:FrancisLacoste
FORTHENETHERLANDS:D.J.vanDijk
FORNEWZEALAND:GuyRichardsonPowles
FORNORWAY:BirgerBergersen
FORPERU:CarlosRotalde
FORTHEUNIONOFSOVIETSOCIALISTREPUBLICS:AlexanderS.Bogdanov,EugineI.Nikishin
FORTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND:A.T.A.Dobson,J.Thomson
FORTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA:RemingtonKellogg,IraN.Gabrielson,WilliamE.S.Flory
FORTHEUNIONOFSOUTHAFRICA:H.T.Andrews
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THEPROTOCOL
WASHINGTON,19THNOVEMBER1956
ProtocoltotheInternationalConventionfortheRegulationofWhalingSignedatWashingtonunderdateofDecember2,1946
TheContractingGovernmentstotheInternationalConventionfortheRegulationofWhalingsignedatWashingtonunderdateof2ndDecember,1946whichConventionishereinafterreferredtoasthe1946WhalingConvention,desiringtoextendtheapplicationofthatConventiontohelicoptersandotheraircraftandtoincludeprovisionsonmethodsofinspectionamongthoseScheduleprovisionswhichmaybeamendedbytheCommission,agreeasfollows:
ArticleI
Subparagraph3oftheArticleIIofthe1946WhalingConventionshallbeamendedtoreadasfollows:
"3.‘ whalecatcher’ meansahelicopter,orotheraircraft,oraship,usedforthepurposeofhunting,taking,killing,towing,holdingonto,orscoutingforwhales."
ArticleII
Paragraph1ofArticleVofthe1946WhalingConventionshallbeamendedbydeletingtheword"and"precedingclause(h),substitutingasemicolonfortheperiodattheendoftheparagraph,andaddingthefollowinglanguage:"and(i)methodsofinspection".
ArticleIII
ThisProtocolshallbeopenforsignatureandratificationorforadherenceonbehalfofanyContractingGovernmenttothe1946WhalingConvention.
ThisProtocolshallenterintoforceonthedateuponwhichinstrumentsofratificationhavebeendepositedwith,orwrittennotificationsofadherencehavebeenreceivedby,theGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaonbehalfofalltheContractingGovernmentstothe1946WhalingConvention.
TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericashallinformallGovernmentssignatoryoradheringtothe1946WhalingConventionofallratificationsdepositedandadherencesreceived.
ThisProtocolshallbearthedateonwhichitisopenedforsignatureandshallremainopenforsignatureforaperiodoffourteendaysthereafter,followingwhichperioditshallbeopenforadherence.
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INWITNESSWHEREOFtheundersigned,beingdulyauthorized,havesignedthisProtocol.
DONEinWashingtonthisnineteenthdayofNovember,1956,intheEnglishLanguage,theoriginalofwhichshallbedepositedinthearchivesoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericashalltransmitcertifiedcopiesthereoftoallGovernmentssignatoryoradheringtothe1946WhalingConvention.
SIGNATORIES:
FORCHILE:AugustínR.Edwards
FORPERU:CarlosRotalde
FORARGENTINA:OscarIvanissevich,JoséManuelMoneta,GuillermoBrown,PedroH.BrunoVidela
FORDENMARK:PeterFriedrichErichsen
FORTHEUNIONOFSOVIETSOCIALISTREPUBLICS:AlexanderS.Bogdanov,EugineI.Nikishin
FORAUSTRALIA:FrancisF.Anderson
FORFRANCE:FrancisLacoste
FORTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND:A.T.A.Dobson,J.Thomson
FORBRAZIL:PauloFróesdaCruz
FORTHENETHERLANDS:GuyRichardsonPowles
FORTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA:RemingtonKellogg,IraN.Gabrielson,WilliamE.S.Flory
FORCANADA:H.H.Wrong,H.A.Scott
FORNEWZEALAND:BirgerBergersen
FORTHEUNIONOFSOUTHAFRICA:H.T.Andrews | | | jīng | huán bǎo | dòng wù bǎo hù | |
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