| | 伪瞳孔
( kūn chóng fù yǎn) wěi tóng kǒng de xíng chéng jī lǐ jí xiāng guān cèliáng jì shù | | dāng wǒ men kàn zhe yī gè yòu bǐ jiào dà de fù yǎn de kūn chóng( rú táng láng、 huáng chóng děng) de yǎn jīng shí, huì fā xiàn tā de yǎn zhōng jū rán yòu gè hēi sè tóng kǒng! ér qiě wú lùn wǒ men( guān chá zhě) zěn yàng yí dòng, nà gè tóng kǒng zhuàng de hēi diǎn zǒng shì duì zhe wǒ men, yú shì wǒ men nán miǎn huái yí: zěn me kūn chóng de fù yǎn shénme shí hòu biàn dé hé rén yǎn yī yàng liǎo má? qí shí zhè bìng bù shì zhēn de tóng kǒng, kūn chóng xué shàng bǎ tā chēng wéi wěi tóng kǒng ( pseudopupil)。 zhī suǒ yǐ huì yòu wěi tóng kǒng , shì yòu hěn fù zá de guāng xué yuán yīn de。 | zhòng yào de yòu guān yán jiū zī liào1( shí fēn nán dé de zī liào!) Important relevant research data 1 (the information very rare!) | yǐ xià yīng wén yuán wén zī liào lái zì zì yī wǎng shàng de pdf: zài cǐ yào tè bié gǎn xiè yǔ wǒ fēn xiǎng zī liào de jiǎn yuán tóng zhì!! yuán dì zhǐ: http://web.neurobio.arizona.edu/gronenberg/nrsc581/eyedesign/visualacuity.pdf
gāi yán jiū dàng 'àn de jiǎn jiè:( zhè shì yīng guó kē xué jiā1 99 7 nián de yán jiū chéng guǒ)
annu.rev.entomol.1997.42:147 ╟ 77
copyright
c1997byannualreviewsinc.allrightsreserved
visualacuityininsects
michaelf.land
sussexcentreforneuroscience,schoolofbiologicalsciences,universityofsussex,
brightonbn19qg,unitedkingdom
keywords:vision,eye,optics,acutezone,interommatidialangle
abstract
theacuityofcompoundeyesisdeterminedbyinterommatidialangles,optical
quality,andrhabdomdimensions.itisalsoaffectedbylightlevelsandspeed
ofmovement.ininsects,interommatidialanglesvaryfromtensofdegreesin
apterygota,toaslittleas0:24indragonflies.resolutionbetterthanthisisnot
attainableincompoundeyesofrealisticsize.thesmallertheinterommatidial
anglethegreaterthedistanceatwhichobjects héng prey,predators,orfoliage héng
canberesolved.insectswithdifferentlifestyleshavecontrastingpatternsof
interommatidialangledistribution,relatedtoforwardflight,captureonthewing,
andpredationonhorizontalsurfaces. | wěi tóng kǒng chéng yīn The causes of pseudo-pupil | 伪瞳孔成因
xià wéi cái wǒ yào zhǎo de dōng xī( zhè gè jiě shì wǒ zhēn de qī dài liǎo hǎo jiǔ hǎo jiǔ 'ā!)
morerecently,measurementsof “ dé 'ěr tǎ phi ” haveinvolvedtheuseofthepseudopupil
initsvariousforms.thepseudopupil,typicallyablackdotthatappearstomove
aroundtheinsect ’ seyeastheobserver’ sviewpointchanges,markstheommatidia
thatimage héng andabsorblightfrom héng theobserver.thusalinejoiningthe
pseudopupiltotheobserver’ seyeisthedirectionofviewoftheommatidiain
thatregion.localmeasurementsof“ dé 'ěr tǎ phi” canbemadeeasilybyrotatingtheeye
throughaknownsmallangle(a)andcountingthenumberofommatidia(b)
crossedbythepseudopupil,“ dé 'ěr tǎ phi” isthena=b.typically,measurementsaremade
withtheanimalcenteredonagoniometricstage,andthepseudopupilisobserved
orphotographedthroughamicroscope(23).wheretheinterommatidial
anglesaresmall,asforexampleintheacutezonesofdragonflyeyes,thebest
pseudopupilimageliessomedistancebelowthecornea(thedeeppseudopupil),
anditisimportanttouseasmallmicroscopeaperturesothatbothcorneaand
pseudopupilcanbevisualizedtogether.becausethepseudopupilisactually
amagnifiedimageofboththerhabdomanditssurroundingpigment,itscenter
mustbelocatedtofindtheommatidialaxisdirection.usuallythisisnot
aproblem,butwhereinterommatidialangleschangerapidly,thepseudopupil
becomesasymmetricandcareisrequired.
jiù shì shuō, wǒ men kàn dào táng láng děng kūn chóng de yǎn jīng zǒng shì yòu gè tóng kǒng kàn zhe zì jǐ( nà gè hēi diǎn jiào zuò pseudopupil, jí“ wěi tóng kǒng ”), wán quán shì yīn wéi zhèng duì wǒ men shì jiè de fù yǎn zhōng shì gān xì bāo xī shōu liǎo wǒ men shì zhóu de guāng yīn 'ér cái chéng hēi sè。 yīn cǐ wǒ kàn dào yòu xiē xiāng gǎng rén de jiě shì shuō“ hēi diǎn shì zhèng duì shì yěchǔ yǎn dǐ fǎn guāng 'ér chéng chū de zì jǐ( guān chá zhě) de yàng zǐ” de jiě shì yīnggāi shì bù zhǔn què de。
* yán jiū zhě cǐ chù hái tí dào liǎo yī zhǒng kě guǎng fàn yòng yú cè dìng xiǎo yǎn( ommatidium) shù liàng de fāng fǎ, chēng wéi“ delta-phi”, wǒ lǐ jiě de yì sī jiù shì“ jiǎo de biàn huà liàng”, zhǐ yào yòng yī zhǒng xiǎo guāng juàn de xiǎn wēi jìng duì zhǔn fù yǎn de mǒu yī chù( gēn jù wǒ de shè yǐng zhī shí, xiǎo guāng juàn yì wèi zhe jǐng shēn dà), yīn cǐ zài gāi cè dìng zhōng kě bǎo zhèng jiǎo mó yǔ wěi tóng kǒng tóng shí bèi kàn jiàn( wǒ men suǒ jiàn dào de wěi tóng kǒng zài jiǎo mó zhī xià), yóu yú shí jì shàng shì shì gān shù jí qí zhōu wéi sè sù de fàng dà tú xiàng, yīn cǐ wǒ men yòng xiǎn wēi jìng dìng wèi chū de wéi tóng kǒng shí jì jiù shì yī gè shì gān xì bāo( àn zhào wǒ de kūn chóng xué zhī shí lǐ jiě, zhè zhǒng“ wěi tóng kǒng dìng wèi fǎ” yīnggāi shì bǐ jiào jīng què de, yīn wéi nèi xiǎo yǎn( inter-ommatidium) de jiā jiǎo shì fēi cháng xì wēi de, zhǎo dào liǎo wěi tóng kǒng de zhèng duì wèi zhì yě jiù zì rán néng què dìng shì yī gè xiǎo yǎn liǎo。 lì yòng zhè zhǒng yí qì zài fù yǎn shàng yī gè yī gè dì shù chū xiǎo yǎn, kě yào bǐ wǒ men guó jiā mǒu mǒu shēng wù 'ào sài péi xùn bān zhōng jiǎng de suàn miàn jī zài xiāng chú de tǔ bàn fǎ yào kē xué dé duō!) …… bù guò tā men qiáng diào dào, rú guǒ nèi xiǎo yǎn de jiǎo dù fā shēng jí jù de biàn huà, wěi tóng kǒng jiù huì biàn dé“ bù duìchèn”( wǒ lǐ jiě shì“ bù hǎo zhuō mō” de yì sī)。
zhì cǐ, duì yú yǐ táng láng wéi dài biǎo de kūn chóng yǎn jīng de yí huò, wǒ shì xiāng xìn yǐ shàng yīng guó kē xué jiā de jiě shì de。 tā men de cèliáng jiēguǒ jí lǐ lùn biǎo shù dōushì hěn yán jǐn de。 | bù tóng zhuàng kuàng xià de wěi tóng kǒng Under different conditions the pseudo-pupil | hòu bào gào zhōng jì xù xiě dào:
indarkcoloredeyesthepseudopupilisoftennotapparent.crossedpolarizing
fiberscanbeusedtocutdownreflections,butamoregenerallyusefultechnique
isknownastheantidromicpseudopupil(15).herethecenteroftheheadis
illuminatedfrombelow,andlightfindingitswayintotheproximalpartof
therhabdom(ere)sisemittedfromtheirdistaltips.thisproducesaluminous
pseudopupil,whichcanbeexaminedinthesamewayasthedark“ orthodromic”
kind.pseudopupilmethodsarediscussedandreviewedinreferences(14,23,
76,87).
zhè jiù shì shuō( zhè rú guǒ wǒ lǐ yòu wù jìng qǐng zhǐ chū), kūn chóng zài 'àn chù yě yòu wěi tóng kǒng , zhǐ shì yóu yú qí yǎn bù gòu zào shàng de yī zhǒng“ jiāo cuò de piān zhèn xìng xiān wéi” zhē dǎng liǎo fǎn shè guāng( zhè gè wǒ de què shì cóng wèi zhù yì dào guò de, duì wǒ lái shuō què shì gè xīn fā xiàn。) wén zhōng zhǐ chū, yòng guāng zhào shè kūn chóng tóu de dǐ bù, jiù néng zài xiāng jìn de shì gān shù( xiǎo yǎn) mò duān( jiù shì jiě pōu xué shàng zuì shēn chù de jiān duān) kàn dào fā guāng, zhè zhǒng zhuàng tài xià“ fā guāng de wěi tóng kǒng ” jiào zuò“ nì shì wěi tóng kǒng ( antidromicpseudopupil)”, kě yòng yǔ nà zhǒng tōng cháng qíng kuàng xià bù fā guāng de wěi tóng kǒng ( zhè gè chēng shùn shì wěi tóng kǒng , yīng wén orthodromicpseudopupil) xiāng tóng de cèliáng fāng fǎ( shàng miàn wǒ de fān yì zhōng yǐ tí dào) lái jìn xíng cè dìng。
( yǐ shàng nèi róng zhǐ shì yuán yán jiū bào gào de yī xiǎo bù fēn, jìn yī bù fān yì gōng zuò hái yòu dài bǔ chōng。 ) | zǒng zhī, kūn chóng de fù yǎn jiù shì fù yǎn In short, the insect's compound eye compound eye is | wǒ men guān chá zhě suǒ jiàn de“ tóng kǒng” zhǐ shì yī zhǒng zhèng duì wèi zhì de xiǎo yǎn duì guāng de xī shōu xiào yìng suǒ zhì。 | | wěi tóng kǒng chéng yīn | bù tóng zhuàng kuàng xià de wěi tóng kǒng | |
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