多米尼剋國（英文：The Commonwealth of Dominica），簡稱多米尼剋，中美洲加勒比海島國。
譯名
多米尼剋舊譯多米尼加聯邦，造成兩個問題。一，“Commonwealth”是多義字，“聯邦”並非唯一意思，不宜作為譯名；二，“多米尼加聯邦”與另一個加勒比海島國多米尼加共和國易生混淆。為此，中華人民共和國外交部在1994年1月14日宣佈把之改名為“多米尼剋國”，簡稱“多米尼剋”。現時，中華人民共和國外交部和中華民國外交部都稱之為“多米尼剋”。
歷史
多米尼剋是加勒比海最後成為歐洲殖民地的島，當地的印第安人反抗非常激烈。1763年，法國將多米尼剋交給英國。1978年獨立。1980年，獨裁政府被推翻，改選瑪麗·尤金尼亞·查爾斯為總理，從此國傢開始興旺。她是加勒比海國傢中的第一個女性總理，在職15年。
地理
位於東加勒比海小安的列斯群島東北部，東臨大西洋，西瀕加勒比海，是一個國土面積僅有751平方公裏的島國。
經濟
多米尼剋主要的經濟來源為農業及觀光業，全國有40%的人口從事農業，主要出口商品為煙草、香蕉、柑橘、蔬菜、椰子等。
主要的工業為傢具、鞋、肥皂等。主要的貿易夥伴為美國、中國、牙買加、韓國、特立尼達和多巴哥。
Dominica, (French: Dominique) officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. To the north-northwest lies Guadeloupe, to the southeast Martinique. Its size is 754 square kilometres (291 sq mi) and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of 1,447 metres (4,750 ft). The Commonwealth of Dominica has an estimated population of 72,500. The capital is Roseau.
Dominica has been nicknamed the "Nature Isle of the Caribbean" for its seemingly unspoiled natural beauty. It is the youngest island in the Lesser Antilles, still being formed by geothermal-volcanic activity, as evidenced by the world's second-largest boiling lake. The island features lush mountainous rainforests, home of many very rare plant, animal, and bird species. There are xeric areas in some of the western coastal regions, but heavy rainfall can be expected inland. The Sisserou parrot, the island's national bird, is featured on the national flag. Dominica's economy is heavily dependent on both tourism and agriculture.
Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it - a Sunday (dominica in Latin) - which fell on November 3, 1493. In the next hundred years after Columbus' landing, Dominica remained isolated, and even more Caribs settled there after being driven from surrounding islands as European powers entered the region. France formally ceded possession of Dominica to the United Kingdom in 1763. The United Kingdom then set up a government and made the island a colony in 1805. The emancipation of African slaves occurred throughout the British Empire in 1834, and, in 1838, Dominica became the first British Caribbean colony to have a legislature controlled by a Black majority. In 1896, the United Kingdom reassumed governmental control of Dominica, turning it into a Crown colony. Half a century later, from 1958 to 1962, Dominica became a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation. In 1978, Dominica became an independent nation. |