神庫
建於明嘉靖九年(公元1530年),這組小建築群是由四座五開間的懸山式大殿和兩座井亭組成。正殿叫“神庫”,是存放迎送神位用的鳳亭(擡“皇地祇”神位的轎子)、竜亭(擡配位、從位諸神位的轎子)和遇皇祇室修繕時,臨時供奉各神位的地方。東配殿叫“祭器庫”,是存放祭祀所用的器皿用具的庫房。西配殿叫“神廚”,是製作祭祀供品食物的地方。南殿叫“樂器庫”,是存放祭祀所用樂器和樂舞生服的地方。東、西井亭專為方澤壇內澤渠註水和為神廚供水。南殿及兩井亭於清乾隆十四年建成。
This small assortment of buildings, established in the 9th year of Emperor Jia Jing’s reign in Ming Dynasty (1530), consists of four big halls and two well pavilions. The main hall is called Holy Storehouse (Shen Ku), which stores Feng Ting – a sedan chair used to carry the enshrined god worship tablet for main Chinese Earth God (Huang Di Qi), and Long Ting – a sedan chair for carrying god worship tablets for side Chinese gods. The Holy Storehouse is also used to keep worship tablets temporarily when the God Worship House is under repair. The eastern side hall is called Sacrifice Utensils Storehouse (Ji Qi Ku), where store utensils for sacrifice ceremony. Musical instruments for the sacrifice ceremony are kept in the southern side hall, the Musical Instrument Storehouse (Yue Qi Ku). The western side hall, or Holy Kitchen (Shen Chu), is the place where sacrificial offering foods are made. The western and eastern well pavilions provide water respectively for Holy Kitchen and ditch surrounding Square Water Altar.
宰牲亭
宰牲亭,是古代皇傢祭地前宰殺祭祀用的牲畜(犢、塚、羊、鹿)的場所。每逢祭祀前一天子時初刻,在此舉行宰牲儀式。門內兩側原有井亭各一座。
Slaughter Pavilion (Zai Sheng Ting)
The slaughter Pavilion is the place where animals (bulls, pigs, goats, and deer) are slaughtered, on the day before the main sacrificial rite day, as sacrificial offerings to Earth.
齋宮
齋宮為皇帝祭地時齋宿之所。清代順治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉慶各帝都曾在此齋宿。主體建築坐西面東,由西、南、北三殿組成,始建於明嘉靖九年(1530年),清雍正八年
(1730年)重建。
Fast Palace (Zhai Gong)
The Fast Palace is the place for emperor's fasting before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Earth. Emperor Shun Zhi, Kang Xi, Yong Zheng, Qian Long, and Jia Qing in Qing Dynasty have all lived here during their fast. With southern and northern side halls located on its two sides, the western hall facing the east is the main hall of the Palace. These three halls, main buildings of Fast Palace, were firstly built in the 9th year of Emperor JiaJing's reign in Ming Dynasty (1530) and were rebuilt in the 8th year of Emperor YongZheng's reign in Qing Dynasty (1730).
皇祇室
皇祇室始建於明嘉靖九年(公元1530),是地壇的主要建築之一。
明、清兩代是供奉皇地祇神,五嶽、五鎮、四海、四瀆、五陵山神位之所。
1925年地壇闢為“京兆公園”,曾在此設“通俗圖書館”,1986年秋定為“地壇文物陳列室”。
Earth God Worship House (Huang Qi Shi) and Di Tan Cultural & Historical Relic Exhibition Room
Built in the 9th year of Emperor Jia Jing's reign in Ming Dynasty (1530), the Imperial Earth God Worship House is one of the main buildings in Di Tan Park. It is the place where Chinese Earth God and some other Chinese gods are worshiped by emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the year of 1925, Di Tan Park was named Jing Zhao Park, which was open to the public and once a Popular Literature Library was once established within. In the year of 1986, the library was renovated into Di Tan Cultural & Historical Relic Exhibition Room.
神馬殿
神馬殿,始建於1530年,建築為五開間懸山式緑琉璃頂。通面闊19.55米,每間面闊相同,進深7.5米。外有壝墻。1999年進行挑頂大修。
Holy Horse Cote (Shen Ma Juan)
The Holy Horse Cote, roofed by green glazed tiles, covers an area of 19.55 meters in total width and 7.5 meters in depth with its five side-by-side rooms of same size. The Cote was built in the year of 1530 and thoroughly mended in 1999.
牌樓
牌樓也稱牌坊,是地壇主門—西門的第一座建築物。明清兩代皇帝到地壇祭地首先經過牌樓,再進壇門,地壇牌樓與頤和園東門外牌樓一樣高大雄偉。明代始建時稱“泰折街”牌坊,清代雍正年間重建時改為“廣厚街”牌坊,由於自然條件和歷史的原因,兩個牌樓都沒有保存下來。現在您所見到的牌樓,是我園根據清代乾隆時所建式樣於1990年重新建設的,新建的牌樓高達13.5米,氣勢高大雄偉,緑色的琉璃瓦面,彩畫以本“天竜地鳳”之說,繪以單鳳圖和牡丹圖案,正面中心有“地壇”二字,背面核心有“廣厚街”字樣。今天的牌樓已成為地壇公園重要景點之一。
方澤壇
方澤壇,為明清兩代皇帝祭祀 “皇地祇神” 之場所,因壇臺周有方形澤渠,故稱方澤壇。始建於明嘉靖九年(公元1530),清乾隆十五年(公元1750)遵乾隆皇帝之旨諭進行改建,將黃琉璃磚壇面改換為艾青石壇面。現建築為1981年按清乾隆時形製恢復。
壇平面呈方形,以象徵“天圓地方”之傳說。中心壇臺分上下兩層,周有澤渠、外有壇壝兩重,四面各有欞星門。下層壇臺南半部東西兩側各有一座山形紋石雕座,其上共設山形紋石神座十五尊,供祭祀時奉安五嶽、五鎮、五陵山之神位;北半部東西兩側各有一座水形紋石雕座,其上共設山形紋石神座八座,供祭祀奉安四海、四瀆之神位,外壝東北部為望燈桿,與其對稱的西北部原有瘞坎一處。
Square Water Altar (Fang Ze Tan)
The Altar where Emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties perform the ceremony of offering sacrifice to Earth has a surrounding ditch shaped into a square around the altar edge. So it is named Square Water Altar. The altar was firstly built in the 9th year of Emperor Jia Jing's reign in Ming Dynasty (1530), and was reconstructed the 15th year of Emperor Qian Long's reign in Qing Dynasty (1750) under instruction from the Emperor. The surface of the altar, which had been covered by yellow glazed bricks, became paved by light gray slabstones during the reconstruction. The current altar was rebuilt in 1981, following the style when it was under Emperor Qian Long's reign.
The altar surface is of square shape, representing the ancient Chinese tale of “round heaven and square earth”.
鐘樓
鐘樓,始建於1530年,為三開間歇山式緑琉璃頂的重檐正方形建築,通面闊12米多。因年久失修,於1965年拆除。2000年按原樣重建。鐘高2.58米,直徑1.56米,重2324千克,銘文鑄“大明嘉靖年月日製”八個字。鐘聲宏亮渾厚。
Bell Tower (Zhong Lou)
The Bell Tower, with green glazed tiles covered roof, consists of three side-by-side rooms and covers over 12 meters in total width. The tower was built in 1530 and demolished in 1965 after having long been neglected and out of repair. In the year of 2000, the building was restored exactly to its original style. The bell is of 2.58 meters height, 1.56 meters diameter, and 2324kg in weight. Inscribed on the bell body is the motto saying “made under the reign of Emperor JiaJing in Ming Dynasty”. The sounds of the bell is sonorous and full of strength.
牡丹園
牡丹園是公園占地面積最大、植物品種最豐富,亭、廊、水榭、花架等園林小品最精緻的園中園,園內通過整合的設計手法,遵循現已形成的園林佈局,采用形態生動,佈置形式靈活的自然山石與灌木相結合的形式來處理駁岸,與水榭保持景觀風格的統一,充分體現出中國古典園林“師法自然”的造園思想。滿足公園遊人休閑、遊賞、運動的功能,理順遊園的道路係統,完善休息設施,充分保留現存樹木花草,全面恢復緑地景觀,營造古韻幽深的園林景緻,為遊人創造一處良好的遊覽、休憩場所。