名人 : 文學寫作 > 蘭波
目錄
蘭波 Arthur Rimbaud (1854~1891) 

兰波
  15歲就擅長寫作拉丁文詩歌,掌握了法國古典詩歌的傳統格律。從16歲(1870)起,他常常外出流浪,和比他年長10歲的詩人魏爾蘭關係親密,但後來發生衝突,魏爾蘭甚至開槍打傷了蘭波。現存的蘭波的詩有140首左右,主要在16至19歲期間所寫。在蘭波早期的詩中可以看出帕爾納斯派的影響,後期詩作加強了象徵主義色彩。主要詩集有《地獄的一季》、《靈光集》。


Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (pronounced /ˈræmboʊ/; or in French IPA: [aʁtyʁ ʁɛ̃ˈbo]) (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville. As part of the decadent movement, his influence on modern literature, music and art has been enduring and pervasive. He produced his best known works while still in his late teens—Victor Hugo described him at the time as "an infant Shakespeare"—and gave up creative writing altogether before he reached 21. He remained a prolific letter-writer all his life. Rimbaud was a restless soul, travelling extensively on three continents before his premature death from cancer less than a month after his 37th birthday.

Family and childhood (1854–1861)
Arthur Rimbaud was born into the provincial middle class of Charleville (now part of Charleville-Mézières) in the Ardennes département in northeastern France. He was the second child of a career soldier, Frédéric Rimbaud, and his wife Marie-Catherine-Vitalie Cuif. His father, a Burgundian of Provençal extraction, rose from a simple recruit to the rank of captain and spent the greater part of his army years in foreign service. Captain Rimbaud fought in the conquest of Algeria and was awarded the Légion d'honneur. The Cuif family was a solidly established Ardennais family, but they were plagued by unstable and bohemian characters; two of Arthur Rimbaud's uncles from his mother's side were alcoholics.

Captain Rimbaud and Vitalie married in February 1853; in the following November came the birth of their first child, Jean-Nicolas-Frederick. The next year, on 20 October 1854, Jean-Nicolas-Arthur was born. Three more children, Victorine (who died a month after she was born), Vitalie and Isabelle, followed. Arthur Rimbaud's infancy is said to have been prodigious; a common myth states that soon after his birth he had rolled onto the floor from a cushion where his nurse had put him only to begin crawling toward the door. In a more realistic retelling of his childhood, Mme Rimbaud recalled when after putting her second son in the care of a nurse in Gespunsart, supplying clean linen and a cradle for him, she returned to find the nurse's child sitting in the crib wearing the clothes meant for Arthur. Meanwhile, the dirty and naked child that was her own was happily playing in an old salt chest.

Soon after the birth of Isabelle, when Arthur was six years old, Captain Rimbaud left to join his regiment in Cambrai and never returned. He had become irritated by domesticity and the presence of the children while Madame Rimbaud was determined to rear and educate her family by herself. The young Arthur Rimbaud was therefore under the complete governance of his mother, a strict Catholic, who raised him and his older brother and younger sisters in a stern and religious household. After her husband's departure, Mme Rimbaud became known as "Widow Rimbaud".


Schooling and teen years (1862–1871)
Fearing that her children were spending too much time with and were therefore being influenced by neighboring children of the poor, Mme Rimbaud moved her family to the Cours d'Orléans in 1862. This location was quite improved from their previous home and whereas the boys were previously taught at home by their mother, they were then sent, at the ages of nine and eight, to the Pension Rossatr. For the five years that they attended school, however, their formidable mother imposed her will upon them, pushing for scholastic success. She would punish her sons by making them learn a hundred lines of Latin verse by heart and if they gave an inaccurate recitation, she would deprive them of meals. When Arthur was nine, he wrote a 700-word essay objecting to his having to learn Latin in school. Vigorously condemning a classical education as a gateway to a salaried position, Rimbaud wrote repeatedly, "I will be a capitalist". He disliked schoolwork and his mother's continued control and constant supervision; the children were not allowed to leave their mother's sight, and, until the boys were sixteen and fifteen respectively, she would walk them home from the school grounds.


Rimbaud at the time of his First Communion.As a boy, Arthur was small, brown-haired and pale with what a childhood friend called "eyes of pale blue irradiated with dark blue—the loveliest eyes I've seen". When he was eleven, Arthur had his First Communion; then an ardent Catholic like his mother, he was called "sale petit cagot", a dirty little hypocrite, by his fellow schoolboys. He and his brother were sent to the Collège de Charleville for school that same year. Until this time, his reading was confined almost entirely to the Bible, but he also enjoyed fairy tales and stories of adventure such as the novels of James Fenimore Cooper and Gustave Aimard. He became a highly successful student and was head of his class in all subjects but sciences and mathematics. Many of his schoolmasters remarked upon the young student's ability to absorb great quantities of material. In 1869 he won eight first prizes in the school, including the prize for Religious Education, and in 1870 he won seven firsts.

When he had reached the third class, Mme Rimbaud, hoping for a brilliant scholastic future for her second son, hired a tutor, Father Ariste Lhéritier, for private lessons. Lhéritier succeeded in sparking the young scholar's love of Greek and Latin as well as French classical literature. He was also the first person to encourage the boy to write original verse in both French and Latin. Rimbaud's first poem to appear in print was "Les Etrennes des orphelines" ("The Orphans' New Year's Gift"), which was published in the Revue pour tous's 2 January 1870 issue. Two weeks after his poem was printed, a new teacher named Georges Izambard arrived at the Collège de Charleville. Izambard became Rimbaud's literary mentor and soon close accord formed between professor and student and Rimbaud for a short time saw Izambard as a kind of older brother figure. At the age of fifteen, Rimbaud was showing maturity as a poet; the first poem he showed Izambard, "Ophélie", would later be included in anthologies as one of Rimbaud's three or four best poems. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Izambard left Charleville and Rimbaud became despondent. He ran away to Paris with no money for his ticket and was subsequently arrested and imprisoned for a week. After returning home, Rimbaud ran away to escape his mother's wrath.

From late October 1870, Rimbaud's behaviour became outwardly provocative; he started drinking, speaking rudely and writing scatological poems, stealing books from local stores, and instead of his previous neat appearance, he began to wear his hair long. At the same time he wrote to Izambard about his method for attaining poetical transcendence or visionary power through a "long, intimidating, immense and rational derangement of all the senses. The sufferings are enormous, but one must be strong, be born a poet, and I have recognized myself as a poet." It is rumoured that he briefly joined the Paris Commune of 1871, which he portrayed in his poem L'orgie parisienne (ou: Paris se repeuple), ("The Parisian Orgy" or "Paris Repopulates"). Another poem, Le cœur supplicié ("The Tortured Heart"), is often interpreted as a description of him being raped by drunken Communard soldiers, but this is unlikely seeing as how Rimbaud continued to support the Communards and wrote sympathetic poems to their aims.


Life with Verlaine (1871–1875)

Caricature of Rimbaud drawn by Verlaine in 1872.Rimbaud was encouraged by friend and office employee Charles Auguste Bretagne to write to Paul Verlaine, an eminent Symbolist poet, after letters to other poets failed to garner replies. Taking his advice, Rimbaud sent Verlaine two letters containing several of his poems, including the hypnotic, gradually shocking "Le Dormeur du Val" (The Sleeper of the Vale), in which certain facets of Nature are depicted and called upon to comfort an apparently sleeping soldier. Verlaine, who was intrigued by Rimbaud, sent a reply that stated, "Come, dear great soul. We await you; we desire you" along with a one-way ticket to Paris. Rimbaud arrived in late September 1871 at Verlaine's invitation and resided briefly in Verlaine's home. Verlaine, who was married to the seventeen-year-old and heavily pregnant Mathilde Mauté, had recently left his job and taken up drinking. In later published recollections of his first sight of Rimbaud, Verlaine described him at the age of seventeen as having "the real head of a child, chubby and fresh, on a big, bony rather clumsy body of a still-growing adolescent, and whose voice, with a very strong Ardennes accent, that was almost a dialect, had highs and lows as if it were breaking."

Rimbaud and Verlaine began a short and torrid affair. Whereas Verlaine likely had prior homosexual experiences, it is not known whether the relationship with Verlaine was Rimbaud's first. During their time together they led a wild, vagabond-like life spiced by absinthe and hashish. They scandalized the Parisian literary coterie on account of the outrageous behaviour of Rimbaud, the archetypical enfant terrible, who throughout this period continued to write strikingly visionary verse. Rimbaud's and Verlaine's stormy relationship took them to London in September 1872, Verlaine abandoning his wife and infant son (both of whom he had abused in his alcoholic rages). Rimbaud and Verlaine lived in considerable poverty, in Bloomsbury and in Camden Town, scraping a living from teaching and an allowance from Verlaine's mother. Rimbaud spent his days in the Reading Room of the British Museum where "heating, lighting, pens and ink were free."


Verlaine (far left) and Rimbaud (second to left) depicted in an 1872 painting by Henri Fantin-Latour.By late June 1873, Verlaine had had enough and soon afterwards returned to Paris, where he found Rimbaud's absence hard to bear. On 8 July, he telegraphed Rimbaud, instructing him to come to the Hotel Liège in Brussels; Rimbaud complied immediately. The Brussels reunion went badly; one argument led to another and Verlaine drank almost continuously. On the morning of 10 July, Verlaine bought a revolver and ammunition. That afternoon, "in a drunken rage," Verlaine fired two shots at Rimbaud, one of them wounding the 18-year-old in the left wrist.

Rimbaud considered the wound superficial and at first did not have Verlaine charged. After this, Verlaine and his mother accompanied Rimbaud to a Brussels train station where Verlaine "behaved as if he were insane." This made Rimbaud "fear that he might give himself over to new excesses," so he turned and ran away. In his words, "it was then I [Rimbaud] begged a police officer to arrest him [Verlaine]." Verlaine was arrested for attempted murder and subjected to a humiliating medico-legal examination. He was also interrogated about his intimate correspondence with Rimbaud and about his wife's accusations about the nature of his relationship with Rimbaud. Rimbaud eventually withdrew the complaint, but the judge sentenced Verlaine to two years in prison.

Rimbaud returned home to Charleville and completed his Une Saison en Enfer ("A Season in Hell") in prose, widely regarded as one of the pioneering instances of modern Symbolist writing and a description of that drôle de ménage ("domestic farce") life with Verlaine, his frère pitoyable ("pitiful brother") and vierge folle ("mad virgin") to whom he was l'époux infernal ("the infernal groom"). In 1874 he returned to London with the poet Germain Nouveau and put together his groundbreaking Illuminations.


Travels (1875–1880)
Rimbaud and Verlaine met for the last time in March 1875, in Stuttgart, Germany, after Verlaine's release from prison and his conversion to Catholicism. By then Rimbaud had given up writing and decided on a steady, working life; some speculate he was fed up with his former wild living, while others suggest he sought to become rich and independent to afford living one day as a carefree poet and man of letters. He continued to travel extensively in Europe, mostly on foot.

In May 1876 he enlisted as a soldier in the Dutch Colonial Army to travel free of charge to Java (Indonesia) where he promptly deserted, returning to France by ship. At the official residence of the mayor of Salatiga, a small city 46 km south of Semarang, capital of Central Java Province, there is a marble plaque stating that Rimbaud was once settled at the city.

In December 1878, Rimbaud arrived in Larnaca, Cyprus, where he worked for a construction company as a foreman at a stone quarry. In May of the following year he had to leave Cyprus because of a fever, which on his return to France was diagnosed as typhoid.


Abyssinia (1880–1891)
In 1880 Rimbaud finally settled in Aden as a main employee in the Bardey agency. He took several native women as lovers and for a while he lived with an Ethiopian mistress. In 1884 he left his job at Bardey's to become a merchant on his own account in Harar, Ethiopia. Rimbaud's commercial dealings notably included coffee and weapons. In this period, Rimbaud struck up a very close friendship with the Governor of Harar, Ras Makonnen, father of future Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie.


Death (1891)

Rimbaud's grave in CharlevilleIn February 1891, Rimbaud developed what he initially thought was arthritis in his right knee. It failed to respond to treatment, became agonisingly painful, and by March the state of his health forced him to prepare to return to France for treatment. In Aden, Rimbaud consulted a British doctor who mistakenly diagnosed tubercular synovitis and recommended immediate amputation. Rimbaud delayed until 9 May to set his financial affairs in order before catching the boat back to France. On arrival, he was admitted to hospital in Marseille, where his right leg was amputated on 27 May. The post-operative diagnosis was cancer.

After a short stay at his family home in Charleville, he attempted to travel back to Africa, but on the way his health deteriorated and he was readmitted to the same hospital in Marseille where his surgery had been carried out, and spent some time there in great pain, attended by his sister Isabelle. Rimbaud died in Marseille on 10 November 1891, at the age of 37, and his body was interred in the family vault at Charleville.


Works
Poésies (c. 1869-1873)
Le bateau ivre (1871)
Une Saison en Enfer (1873)
Illuminations (1874)
Lettres (1870-1891)
Le Soleil Était Encore Chaud (1866)
Proses Évangeliques (1872)

Themes

Critical reception

Publication history
Une Saison en Enfer was published in October 1873 by Rimbaud himself as a small booklet in Brussels. Although "a few copies were distributed to friends in Paris... Rimbaud almost immediately lost interest in the work."


Influences

Cultural legacy
Main article: Rimbaud and modern culture

References

Notes
^ Ivry (1998), 11.
^ Starkie (1973), 25.
^ Starkie (1973), 28.
^ Starkie (1973), 30.
^ Robb (2000), 8.
^ a b Robb (2000), 12.
^ Rickword (1971), 3.
^ Starkie (1973), 33.
^ a b Rickword (1971), 4.
^ Starkie (1973), 36.
^ Ivry (1998), 12.
^ Rickword (1971), 8.
^ Rickword (1971), 9.
^ Starkie (1973), 37.
^ Robb (2000), 32.
^ Starkie (1973), 39.
^ Robb (2000), 30.
^ Steinmetz (2001), 29.
^ Robb (2000), 33–34.
^ Ivry (1998), 22.
^ Ivry (1998), 24.
^ Ivry (1998), 26.
^ Ivry (1998), 29.
^ Robb (2000), 102.
^ Robb (2000), 109.
^ Ivry (1998), 34.
^ Bernard (1991).
^ Robb (2000), 184.
^ a b Robb (2000), 196–197.
^ a b c d Robb (2000), 218–221.
^ a b Harding (2004), 160.
^ a b c Robb (2000), 223–224.
^ Robb (2000), 241.
^ Robb (2000), 264.
^ Robb (2000), 278.
^ Robb (2000), 282–285.
^ Robb (2000), 299.
^ Robb (2000), 313.
^ Nicholl (1999), 231.
^ a b Robb (2000), 418–419.
^ a b c Robb (2000), 422–424.
^ Robb (2000), 426.
^ Robb (2000), 440–441.
^ Fowlie (2005), xxxii.

Secondary sources
Bernard, Suzanne & Guyaux, André. (1991) Oeuvres de Rimbaud, Classiques Garnier. ISBN 2-04-017399-4
Fowlie, Wallace & Whidden, Seth. 2005. Rimbaud, Complete Works, _Select_ed Letters, (Updated bilingual edition), University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-71977-4.
Harding & Sturrock. 2004. Arthur Rimbaud: _Select_ed Poems and Letters. Penguin. ISBN 0-140-44802-0.
Ivry, Benjamin. 1998. Arthur Rimbaud. Bath, Somerset: Absolute Press. ISBN 1899791558.
Nicholl, Charles. 1999. Somebody Else: Arthur Rimbaud in Africa 1880-91. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226580296.
Rickword, Edgell. 1971. Rimbaud: The Boy and the Poet. New York: Haskell House Publishers. ISBN 0838313094.
Robb, Graham. 2000. Rimbaud, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0393049558.
Schmidt, Paul. 1976. Rimbaud, Complete Works. Perennial (HarperCollins). ISBN 978-0-06-095550-2.
Starkie, Enid. 1973. Arthur Rimbaud. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0571104401.
Steinmetz, Jean-Luc. 2001. Jon Graham (trans). Arthur Rimbaud: Presence of an Enigma. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers. ISBN 1566491061.
No. 2
  阿爾蒂爾·蘭波(Arthur Rimbaud)(1854~1891)(也被翻譯成阿爾圖爾·蘭波)法國詩人。他用謎一般的詩篇和富有傳奇色彩的一生吸引了衆多的讀者,成為法國文學史上最引人註目的詩人之一。
  蘭波所處的時代是一個動蕩的時代,也是一個天才輩出的時代。1854年10月20日,阿爾蒂爾·蘭波出生在法國香檳區夏爾維爾市的貝雷戈瓦大街上。他的父親長期服役在外,喜歡冒險,在蘭波六歲時離傢出走;母親卻呆板孤僻,對子女管束十分嚴厲。家庭的不和造就了蘭波矛盾不安的靈魂,這對他日後的命運起着决定性的作用。他幼年時就喜歡將自己扮成先知的模樣,少年時期便顯露出來令人震驚的詩才,後來多次不辭而別前往巴黎,渴望着漂泊。這個被“繆斯的手指觸碰過的孩子”,從14歲開始寫詩,到19歲完成《地獄一季》,短短的5年時間就完成了作為一個偉大詩人的全部作品,實現了他在文字上“我願成為任何人”的狂想。在嚮往已久的巴黎,蘭波結識了魏爾倫,並得到魏爾倫的賞識和推薦,從此躋身詩壇。
  今日的蘭波被奉為象徵派的代表,甚至被貼上“第一位朋剋詩人”、“垮掉派先驅”的標簽,他的作品對超現實主義和意識流小說也影響深遠,但真正的蘭波是難以歸類的,因為“他是衆多流派之父,而不是任何流派的親人”。蘭波16歲不到就寫出了名詩《奧菲莉亞》,據說參加過巴黎公社運動,曾為法國那個反抗的時代留下了許多充滿戰鬥激情的詩篇。但當巴黎公社失敗後,年輕的詩人十分失望和憤怒,狂野得要與現實中的一切决裂,包括詩歌。他告別了舊作中那些帶有浪漫派痕跡的抒寫和詠嘆,嘗試將詩的語言“綜合一切,芬芳,聲音,顔色,思想與思想交錯”,變成“靈魂與靈魂的交談”。在1871年那兩封著名的《通靈者書信》中,蘭波表達了他對詩歌革新的看法:“在無法言喻的痛苦和折磨下,他要保持全部信念,全部超越於人的力量,他要成為一切人中偉大的病人,偉大的罪人,偉大的被詛咒的人——同時卻也是最精深的博學之士——因為他進入了未知的領域。”自此,蘭波以“通靈者”的身份開創了一種求索於潛意識和幻想的力量的自由詩風,他的《元音》和《醉舟》成為象徵派詩歌的代表作。而在其最後兩部散文詩作品《彩畫集》和《地獄一季》中,蘭波更是化身為“任何人”輪流登場,自導自演,自問自答,在身心俱裂的矛盾中探求存在與超越。天才都是個人主義者,他們具有超乎常人的自我意識,但此時的蘭波已經將自我意識完全釋放出來,勇敢地脫離了某種依靠而存在,他可能是最早淋漓盡致地表達出極端的自我意識的天才,所以當他願意成為任何人時,他也能夠成為任何人。
  這時的蘭波己成了魏爾倫的摯友,兩人難捨難分,並結伴去國外漫遊。但旅途中兩人發生爭吵,最後釀成慘劇,魏爾倫槍傷蘭波,鋃鐺入獄。胳膊受傷的蘭波挂着綳帶,獨自從比利時的醫院步行回傢。在苦悶和失望之中,他閉門不出,埋頭寫作,以排遣心中的惆悵。《地獄一季》就是在這種情景下寫出來的。2個月後,這部不朽的散文詩宣佈出版,蘭波宣佈告別詩壇。此後,19歲的詩人停止了詩歌的寫作,在歐洲各地遊蕩數年之後,輾轉至亞洲、非洲多國度過了12年,變換多種職業,直到1891年因治療腳部腫瘤纔回國,卻在做截肢手術後去世,年僅37歲。
  後來有傳記作傢以“強烈的表演欲”來解釋天才詩人不可思議的後半生,認為蘭波從小就喜歡被關註,甚至不憚做出瘋狂和極端的姿態。穿奇裝異服、留長發、言語粗野是一種方式,挑選有同性戀傾嚮的詩作寄給魏爾倫是一種方式,與魏爾倫的驚世戀情是一種方式,當他在被魏爾倫槍擊後2個月就出版《地獄一季》時,寫作也被看做一種方式。蘭波沉醉於多變的人生,如此執着地嘗試着成為“任何人”,卻不願也不能在任何地方多做停留。
  蘭波的傳奇,為後來的世界確立了一種生存和反叛的範式,20世紀後“蘭波族”成為了專有名詞,崇拜、模仿蘭波的群體越來越壯大。二戰結束後不久,美國著名作傢亨利·米勒就曾預言:在未來的世界上,蘭波型將取代哈姆雷特型和浮士德型,其趨勢是走嚮更深的分裂。在1968那個反叛的年代,法國巴黎反叛的學生就將蘭波的詩句寫在革命的街壘上——“我願成為任何人”、“要麽一切,要麽全無”!青春的靈魂如此相似,自由的生命從來就不甘於平庸的人生。即使蘭波轉嚮了現實的生活,即使“雅皮士”最終回歸了主流,“成為任何人”依然是他們的夢想之翼和實踐之根,他們就是新世界的創造者。
  我是被天上的彩虹罰下地獄,
  幸福曾是我的災難,我的懺悔和我的蛆蟲:
  我的生命如此遼闊,不會僅僅獻身於力與美。
  ——阿爾蒂爾·蘭波《地獄一季·言語煉金術》
  醉舟
  當我順着無情河水衹有流淌,
  我感到纖夫已不再控製我的航嚮。
  吵吵嚷嚷的紅種人把他們捉去,
  剝光了當靶子,釘在五彩樁上。
  所有這些水手的命運,我不管它,
  我衹裝運佛蘭芒小麥、英國棉花。
  當纖夫們的哭叫和喧鬧消散,
  河水讓我隨意漂流,無牽無挂。
  我跑了一鼕,不理會潮水洶涌,
  比玩的入迷的小孩還要耳聾。
  衹見半島們紛紛掙脫了纜繩,
  好象得意洋洋的一窩蜂。
  風暴祝福我在大海上蘇醒,
  我舞蹈着,比瓶塞子還輕,
  在海浪--死者永恆的搖床上
  一連十夜,不留戀信號燈的傻眼睛。
  緑水滲透了我的杉木船殼,--
  清甜賽過孩子貪吃的酸蘋果,
  洗去了藍的酒跡和嘔吐的污跡,
  衝掉了我的鐵錨、我的舵。
  從此,我就沉浸於大海的詩--
  海呀,泡滿了星星,猶如乳汁;
  我飽餐青光翠色,其中有時漂過
  一具慘白的、沉思而沉醉的浮屍。
  這一片青藍和荒誕、以及白日之火
  輝映下的緩慢節奏,轉眼被染了色--
  橙紅的愛的黴斑在發酵、在發苦,
  比酒精更強烈,比竪琴更遼闊。
  我熟悉在電光下開裂的天空,
  狂浪、激流、竜捲風;我熟悉黃昏
  和象一群白鴿般振奮的黎明,
  我還見過人們衹能幻想的奇景!
  我見過夕陽,被神秘的恐怖染黑,
  閃耀着長長的紫色的凝輝,
  照着海浪嚮遠方滾去的微顫,
  象照着古代戲劇裏的合唱隊!
  我夢見緑的夜,在眩目的白雪中
  一個吻緩緩地漲上大海的眼睛,
  聞所未聞的液汁的循環,
  磷光歌唱傢的黃與藍的覺醒!
  我曾一連幾個月把長浪追趕,
  它衝擊礁石,恰象瘋狂的牛圈,
  怎能設想瑪麗亞們光明的腳
  能馴服這哮喘的海洋的嘴臉!
  我撞上了不可思議的佛洛裏達,
  那兒豹長着人皮,豹眼混雜於奇花,
  那兒虹霓綳得緊緊,象根根繮繩
  套着海平面下海藍色的群馬!
  我見過發酵的沼澤,那捕魚簍--
  蘆葦叢中沉睡着腐爛的巨獸;
  風平浪靜中驟然大水傾瀉,
  一片遠景象瀑布般註入渦流!
  我見過冰川、銀太陽、火炭的天色,
  珍珠浪、棕色的海底的擱淺險惡莫測,
  那兒扭麯的樹皮發出黑色的香味,
  從樹上落下被臭蟲嚙咬的巨蛇!
  我真想給孩子們看看碧浪中的劍魚--
  那些金燦燦的魚,會唱歌的魚;
  花的泡沫祝福我無錨而漂流,
  語言難以形容的清風為我添翼。
  大海--環球各帶的疲勞的受難者
  常用它的嗚咽溫柔地搖我入夢,
  它嚮我舉起暗的花束,透着黃的孔,
  我就象女性似的跪下,靜止不動……
  象一座浮島滿載金黃眼珠的鳥,
  我搖晃這一船鳥糞、一船喧鬧。
  我航行,而從我水中的纜繩間,
  浮屍們常倒退着漂進來小睡一覺!……
  我是失蹤的船,纏在大海的青絲裏,
  還是被風捲上飛鳥達不到的太虛?
  不論鐵甲艦或漢薩同盟的帆船,
  休想把我海水灌醉的骨架釣起。
  我衹有蕩漾,冒着煙,讓紫霧導航,
  我鑽破淡紅色的天墻,這墻上
  長着太陽的苔蘚、穹蒼的涕淚,--
  這對於真正的詩人是精美的果醬。
  我奔馳,滿身披着電光的月牙,
  護送我這瘋木板的是黑壓壓的海馬;
  當七月用棍棒把青天打垮,
  一個個灼熱的漏鬥在空中挂!
  我全身哆嗦,遠隔百裏就能聽得
  那發情的河馬、咆哮的漩渦,
  我永遠紡織那靜止的蔚藍,
  我懷念着歐羅巴古老的城垛!
  我見過星星的群島!在那裏,
  狂亂的天門嚮航行者開啓:
  “你是否就睡在這無底深夜裏--
  啊,百萬金鳥?啊,未來的活力?”
  可是我不再哭了!晨光如此可哀,
  整個太陽都苦,整個月亮都壞。
  辛辣的愛使我充滿醉的昏沉,
  啊,願我竜骨斷裂!願我葬身大海!
  如果我想望歐洲的水,我衹想望
  馬路上黑而冷的小水潭,到傍晚,
  一個滿心悲傷的小孩蹲在水邊,
  放一隻脆弱得象蝴蝶般的小船。
  波浪啊,我浸透了你的頽喪疲憊,
  再不能把運棉輪船的航跡追隨,
  從此不在傲慢的彩色旗下穿行,
  也不在躉船可怕的眼睛下劃水!
  飛白 譯
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  黃昏
  夏日藍色的黃昏裏,我將走上幽徑,
  不顧麥莖刺膚,漫步地踏青;
  感受那沁涼滲入腳心,我夢幻……
  長風啊,輕拂我的頭頂。
  我將什麽也不說,什麽也不動;
  無邊的愛卻自靈魂深處泛濫。
  好像波西米亞人,我將走嚮大自然,
  歡愉啊,恰似跟女人同在一般。
  (程抱一 譯)
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  元音
  A黑、E白、I紅、U緑、O藍:元音們,
  有一天我要泄露你們隱秘的起源:
  A,蒼蠅身上的毛茸茸的黑背心,
  圍着惡臭嗡嗡旋轉,陰暗的海灣;
  E,霧氣和帳幕的純真,冰川的傲峰,
  白的帝王,繁星似的小白花在微顫;
  I,殷紅的吐出的血,美麗的朱唇邊
  在怒火中或懺悔的醉態中的笑容;
  U,碧海的周期和神秘的振幅,
  布滿牲畜的牧場的和平,那煉金術
  刻在勤奮的額上皺紋中的和平;
  O,至上的號角,充滿奇異刺耳的音波,
  天體和天使們穿越其間的靜默:
  噢,奧美加,她明亮的紫色的眼睛!
  飛白 譯
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  奧菲利婭
  1
  在繁星沉睡的寧靜而黝黑的的水面上
  白色的奧菲利婭漂浮着象一朵大百合花,
  躺在她修長的紗巾裏極緩地漂遊……
  --遠遠林中傳來獵人的號角。
  已有一千多年了,憂鬱的奧菲利婭
  如白色幽靈淌過這黑色長河;
  已有一千多年,她溫柔的瘋狂
  在晚風中低吟她的情歌。
  微風吻着她的乳房,把她的長紗巾
  散成花冠,水波軟軟地把它晃動;
  輕顫的柳條在她肩頭垂泣,
  蘆葦傾瀉在她夢幻般的寬闊天庭上。
  折斷的柳條圍繞她長吁短嘆;
  她有驚醒昏睡的榿木上的鳥巢,
  裏面逸出一陣翅膀的輕顫:
  --金子般的星辰落下一支神秘的歌。
  2
  蒼白的奧菲利婭呵,雪一般美!
  是啊,孩子,你葬身在捲動的河水中
  --是因為從挪威高峰上降臨的長風
  曾對你低聲說起嚴酷的自由;
  是因為一陣風捲麯了你的長發,
  給你夢幻的靈魂送來奇異的聲音;
  是因為在樹的呻吟,夜的嘆息中
  你的心聽見大自然在歌唱;
  是因為瘋狂的海滔聲,象巨大的喘息,
  撕碎了你過分纏綿溫柔的孩兒般的心胸;
  是因為一個四月的早晨,一個蒼白的美騎士
  一個可憐的瘋子,默默坐在你的膝邊!
  天堂!愛情!自由!多美的夢,可憐的瘋女郎!
  你溶化於它,如同雪溶化於火,
  你偉大的視覺哽住了你的話語,
  可怕的無限驚呆了你的藍色眼睛!
  3
  詩人說,在夜晚的星光中
  你來尋找你摘下的花兒吧,
  還說他看見白色的奧菲利婭
  躺在她的長紗巾中漂浮,象一朵大百合花。
  飛白 譯
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  牧神的頭
  在樹叢這鍍着金斑的緑色寶匣中,
  在樹叢這開着絢爛花朵的朦朧中,
  睡着那甜蜜的吻,
  突然 那活潑打亂一片錦綉,
  驚愕的牧神擡起眼睛,
  皓齒間叼着紅色的花卉,
  他那陳年老酒般鮮亮的嘴唇,
  在樹枝間發出笑聲。
  他逃走了——就像一隻鬆鼠——
  他的笑還在每片樹葉上顫動,
  一隻灰雀飛來驚擾了
  樹林中正在沉思的金色的吻。
  葛雷、梁棟 譯
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  烏鴉
  當寒冷籠罩草地,
  沮喪的村落裏
  悠長的鐘聲靜寂……
  在蕭索的自然界,
  老天爺,您從長空降下
  這翩翩可愛的烏鴉。
  冷風像厲聲吶喊的奇異軍旅,
  襲擊你們的窩巢,
  你們沿着黃流滾滾的江河,
  在竪着十字架的大路上,
  在溝壕和穴窟上,
  散開吧,聚攏吧!
  在躺着新戰死者的
  法蘭西隆鼕的原野,
  你們成千上萬地盤旋,
  為着引起每個行人的思考!
  來做這種使命的吶喊者吧,
  啊,我們穿着喪服的黑烏!
  然而,天空的聖者,
  讓五月的歌鶯
  在櫟樹高處
  在那消失在茫茫暮色的桅桿上,
  給那些人們做伴,
  一敗塗地的戰爭
  將他們交付給了
  樹林深處的衰草。
  葛雷、梁棟 譯
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  童年
  Ⅰ
  這個黃毛黑眼睛的寵兒,沒有父母,沒有傢園,比
  墨西哥與佛拉芒人的傳說更高貴,他的領地是青青野草,
  悠悠碧天,他在海灘上奔跑,無船的波浪曾以兇悍的希
  臘人、斯拉夫人和剋爾特人的名義為海灘命名。
  來到森林邊緣,——夢中的花朵“叮當”閃亮,——
  橘色嘴唇的姑娘,跪在浸潤牧場的洪水之中,彩虹,花
  草和大海在她身上投下陰影,紿她赤裸的身體披上青衣。
  女人們在海灘上閑逛,女孩們和身材高大的姑娘在
  青灰的泡沫間黝黑放光,寶石散落在解凍的花園與叢林
  的沃土之上,——年輕的母親和大姐姐們眼含朝聖者的
  目光,蘇丹王後和雍榮華貴的公主們步履翩躚,還有外
  國小姑娘和含着淡淡哀愁的女人。
  多煩愁,滿眼盡是“親近的身體”和“親切的心”!
  Ⅱ
  是她,玫瑰叢中死去的女孩。——已故的年輕媽媽
  走下臺階。——表弟的四輪馬車在沙地裏吱吱作響。——
  小弟弟——(他在印度!)在那裏,面對夕陽,站在開
  滿石竹花的牧場上。——而老人們,已埋在紫羅蘭盛開
  的城墻下。
  蜂群般的落葉圍繞着將軍的故居。他們正在南方。
  ——沿着紅色的道路,人們來到空空的客棧。城堡已出
  售;百葉窗鬆散、凌亂。——神甫想必已拿走了教堂的
  鑰匙。——公園四周,守衛的住所已空無一人,籬笆高
  聳,衹見顫動的樹尖。況且裏面也沒什麽景緻。
  草原延伸到沒有公雞,沒有鐵砧的鄉村。拉開閘門。
  噢!基督受難的荒野,沙漠上的磨坊,群島與草垛!
  神奇的花朵嗡嗡作響,斜坡搖晃。傳說中的野獸優
  雅地遊走。烏雲堆積在熱淚彙聚的永恆海空。
  Ⅲ
  林中有一隻鳥,它的歌聲使你駐足,使你臉紅。
  有一口鐘從不鳴響。
  有一片沼澤藏着白野獸的洞。
  有一座教堂沉落又升起一片湖泊。
  有一輛被棄的小車披着飾帶,順着林間小路滑落。
  有一群裝扮好的小演員穿過叢林邊緣的大路。
  有一個結局:當你饑渴,便有人將你驅逐。
  Ⅳ
  我是那聖徒,在空地上祈禱——就像溫順的動物埋
  頭吃草,直到巴勒斯坦海濱。
  我是那智者,坐在陰暗的椅子上。樹枝和雨點,投
  在書房的窗上。
  我是那行旅者,走在密林間的大路上;水閘的喧嘩,
  覆蓋了我的腳步。我長久地凝望着落日傾瀉的憂鬱金流。
  我會是一個棄兒,被拋在茫茫滄海的堤岸;或是一
  位趕車的小馬夫,額頭碰到蒼天。
  小路崎嶇,山崗覆蓋着灌木。空氣凝固。飛鳥與清
  泉遠在天邊!再往前走,想必就到了世界盡頭。
  ⅴ
  最終,租給我一間墳墓吧,用石灰塗白,鑲一道凸
  出的水泥綫,——深藏地下。
  我靜伏案前,燈光映照着我癡癡重讀的報紙和乏味
  的書籍。
  我的地下沙竜的頭頂有一片遼闊的間距,房屋像植
  物一樣生長,霧鎖重樓。污泥黑紅,魔幻的城市,無盡
  的夜色!
  低處滴水,四周惟有土地的厚重。或許是天淵、火
  井?或許是月亮與彗星,海洋和神話在此相逢?
  苦澀之時,我想象着藍寶石與金屬球。我是沉默的
  主人。為什麽在蒼穹的一角,會出現一扇灰白的窗口?
英文解釋
  1. n.:  Arthur Rimbaud
近義詞
韓波, 林包德