Chinese name: Rattus Scientific name: rattus rattoides Alias: Brother Tsai Huang (Guangdong), voles, mice roof garden (Fujian) Generic: rodents (rodentia), murine (muridae), rattus (rattus). Distribution: south of the Yangtze River have occurred.
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Morphology
Rattoides medium size, slender torso, body length adult mice 140 ~ 165mm, weighing 100 ~ 200g, tail length shorter than or equal to. Ears small and thin, folded forward within the eye. Dorsal hair brown or tan, white belly, chest hair tip white, gray base, back abdomen no obvious boundaries. Tail up and down the approximate color, dark brown upper and lower a little shallow. Four dorsal hair was white, hind foot less than 33mm, is an important feature of Rattus.
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Habits
Good wading swimming, rivers or canals criss-crossing it does not interfere with foraging and habitat activities. Usually in the rice fields, sugar cane, shrubs, pond, embankments, etc. roadside habitat nest. Spring Multi near water, dig nest; autumn and winter migration to the grain and the grain storage yard neighborhood store, stack, stack firewood nest burrow underneath, there are generally 2-5 holes, the hole diameter of 3 - 5 cm hole road bend, branch more, there is a rat's nest cave, weed matting with valuables inside the nest. There are relatively smooth mouse hole habitat, often dug hole near the mound and scattered granular food and bedding material, as well as rat urine and other items. Day and night activities to early morning and evening activities frequently. Adequate food source within its habitat range, the range of motion is small, when a lack of food source, will go to three years beyond the place to go for food. This change in the distribution of the number of rats are. In the south, hot and humid summer and fall seasons, the survival rate of pups in hot climates due to their decreased lactation, winter and spring temperatures are not too cold, it does not constitute a threat to the survival, even it is more appropriate. Reproductive 3-5 tires a year, only 5-7 per litter. In the South region is its reproductive peak in spring and autumn, spring peak in April-May, the autumn peak in September-October; December to next February little germ.
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Habits
1. Habitat distribution Habitat for the wild rat Rattus species, indoor rarely captured in the plains, hills and mountains farmland in larger quantities, like living in the rice fields, sugar cane fields, vegetable, shrubs, pond, Mizobe the weed. Near water in summer, cool local events, in autumn and winter vegetable hi living in nearby residential areas, weeds, or at the foot of the mountain. 2. Cave structure Rattoides underground dwelling rodent species, its cave structure is simple, generally 2 to 5 hole, the hole diameter 3 ~ 5cm, burrow diameter of about 4 ~ 6cm, Cave Road bend multi-branch, usually only one in the Dongting Lake nest chamber, the diameter of the top of the nest chamber 14.6 ± 0.43cm, ground nest chamber 16.0 ± 2.17cm (Huang Xiuqing et al, 1995). 3. Activity patterns Rattoides day and night activities, up to the general nighttime activities to early morning and evening is most frequent. Range of activities varies with different conditions of food, while rich foods, small-scale activities, within about tens of meters, when food is scarce, significantly expanded the scope of activities can be made to the place from 2 ~ 3km foraging. With the number of Rattus different crops grow and mature and transferred after the harvest of winter crops mature, moved to the next part of the straw, some fleeing into the room, very small quantities. Fujian Gutian Rattus scatter in all directions into the front room area primarily in May and December. 4 Diet appetite Rattus is an omnivorous rodents to eat plant-based foods, accounting for more than 90%, less animal foods, like to eat rice, millet, sweet potatoes, wheat, soybeans, etc., for different crops at different growth stages The foods are obvious _select_ivity of precocious rice infestation is heavy.詹绍 Deep (1986) reported an adult rat Rattus eat rice every day and night 8.7 ~ 9.2g, 10.7% to 11.3% of body weight, eating sweet potatoes 14 ~ 15g, 17.3% to 18.5% of body weight. According indoor feeding, a Rattus eat food 6.96kg year. Feng Zhiyong (1995) by type of gastric chyme Rattus, Rattus food into fiber, starch and animal food category, which accounts for fiber foods 26.27 ± 7.42%, accounting for starchy foods 63.77 ± 5.94%, animal food accounts for 9.86 ± 2.79%. HUANG Xiu-qing (1990) reported that Rattus fresh rice feeding rate, compared to years of Chen Valley Storage 2.25 times higher, and the eating is ripe paddy field. Eclipse the amount of rice accounts for about 10% of body weight.戚根贤 et al (1996) reported that Rattus food intake have seasonal changes, the changes are mainly affected by the ambient temperature, the average food consumption and water intake was 70.40 ± 9.47g/kg body weight / day and 107.82 ± 9.69ml / kg body weight / day; food intake (y) and the daily average temperature (x) relationship equation: y = 151.5081-3.9701x; drinking water (y) with a daily average temperature and humidity ratio (x) relationship equation: y = 36.3899 +24.5994 x.
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Damage characteristics
Omnivorous. To herbivorous based, such as rice, wheat, beans, peanuts, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables; harvest after eating wild plants have stems, leaves, seeds and roots; are often prey on fish, frogs and insects. Big appetite, very serious harm.