A small evergreen shrub, stems slender, clumping, leaves on the students, scaly, reddish purple, dioecious, seed round, stems to distill the raw materials of ephedrine
A small evergreen shrub, stems slender, clumping, leaves on the students, scaly, reddish purple, dioecious, seed round, stems to distill the raw material of ephedrine. "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" Volume II: "ephedra, bitter temperature, the main stroke, typhoid fever, headache, temperature and malaria, published in sweat, to evil heat, relieving cough and reverse, except cold and heat, Pozheng strong accumulation of a salon."
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The early Southern Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty at the end of the Manichaean Liangzhe leaders around the titles of civil
Around the end of the Outward early Southern Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty civil right leader's call Manichaeism. Song Zhuang Jiyu "tasteless Code" volume: "The Quebec called the devil, Tamenosuke who called the magic Weng, mother of ... ... folk magic with magic as false flax, which claims that Quebec as ephedra, or cloud, known also easy to Beelzebub . "
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Basic information
[Name] prescription ephedra, making wooden London [] Taste and owned by Xin, bitter, warm. The lung, bladder. 【Functions and Indications Sweating and cold, Xuanfei asthma, benefits of water swelling. For the cold colds, chest tightness, cough, swelling of feng shui; bronchial asthma. Honey ephedra lungs and cough, the solution has been used for table disease, asthma cough. [Application] 1 for exogenous cold, chills, fever, head, body pain, stuffy nose, no sweat, pulse and other floating table empirical tight. This product can Xuanfei gas, open Cou, bulk cold, to sweating of the table. Often associated with Gui phase shall be used to enhance the sweating relieving force, such as ephedra soup. (2) For the cold outside the beam, due to cough lung Yonge card. Able to open Xuanfei gas, bulk cold and asthma. And almond, licorice compatibility, that is, three bend soup, can enhance the effectiveness of asthma; if there are cold drinks and can be compatibility Asarum, Ginger, Pinellia, so as to temperature of the cold drink and cough and asthma, such as Xiao Qing Long Tang; If it is the heat evil obstruct the lung walls cough, could and gypsum, almond, licorice and other compatibility for clearing the lungs and asthma, that Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang. 3 and table cards for edema, sweating benefits of the product water to help dissipate edema, often with ginger, Atractylodes equivalent to use, such as more handmaiden surgery plus soup. 4, taking the role of pathogenic cold bulk ephedra temperature, with other appropriate drugs can cure gangrene Fengshibitong and Yam, sputum nuclear and other evidence. Consumption usage 2-9g. Should fry. Relieving students with, students with asthma with or Sunburn. 【Note】 This product is sweating a strong force, so the virtual table and Yin spontaneous night sweats, cough due to renal those who are not satisfied that the gas should be hanged.
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Variety of research
Ephedra only contained in the "after", as in the product. "Do not record" that: "Ephedra Health Jin to and east of the river. Liqiu mining stems dried, so green." Hongjing says: "Today the Green Island, Pengcheng, Ying Yang, Zhongmou the winner, the color blue and multi-foam." Su Jingyun: " Zhengzhou Lutai and complanatus riverside sandbar off too much in its youth, and Xu are now no longer used, with the state complanatus at most. "Duan style" Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang "says:" ephedra stem end of flowering, flower small and yellow, clustered. child, such as raspberries, edible. to wither like the grass in winter, and spring is green. "Susong Yun:" There's this near Beijing more to Ying Yang, Zhongmou the winner. Miao Chun-sheng, to summer five months, has been long and a foot to. tip on the yellow, solid, such as lily petals and small, are also deemed acacia son, sweet, slight ephedra gas, people wrapped in red jacket, black child. root purple red. vulgar say there male and female two, the female who in March and April in bloom, within the knot in June, had no male flowers do not knot. to the beginning of autumn dried after harvesting its stem, so green. "Now more than describes the origin and the origin of ephedrine consistent, described in plant morphology mimicking Ephedra.
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Chemical Research
The main component of ephedra alkaloids (1% -2%) with total alkaloids of 80% -85% of ephedrine (ephedrine, l-ephedrine); followed Pseudoephedrine (d-pseudo-ephedrine, and trace amounts of ln-methyl ephedrine (ln-methyl-ephedrine), dn-methyl pseudoephedrine (dn-methyl-pseudo-ephedrine), to methyl ephedrine (l-nor-ephedrine), to methyl pseudoephedrine (d-nor -pseudo-ephedrine) and ephedra second base (ephedine, ephedra may be), etc.; Ephedra contains a small amount of volatile oil, oil containing ia-terpineol (ia-terpineol, terpene products enol), 2, 3,5,6 - four adjacent methyl hydrochloride (2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine), still contains tannin and so on.
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Pharmacological studies
Sweat ① essential oil active ingredient, ephedrine. ② conditions, warm clothes, warm conditions. ③ mechanism: • obstruction of the sweat duct sodium reabsorption → sweat secretion ↑; • excitement central, peripheral α receptor. Asthma ① active ingredient ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, volatile oil, in addition, 2,3,5,6 - tetramethyl pyrazine l-α-terpene product enol. ② mechanism Na and to promote the release of adr. Itself excited β-r → ac → activation produced to promote camp. Preventing release of allergy mediators. Promote pge release. Direct excitatory α-adrenergic receptor → vasoconstriction → mucosal swelling reduced. Inhibition of antibody production. ③ role features slow, gentle, persistent, can be administered orally. Diuretic ① active ingredient d-pseudoephedrine. ② role of increased urine output. ③ mechanism Expansion of the renal vascular → increased renal blood flow. Hinder tubular reabsorption of sodium ions. Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy ① active ingredient pseudoephedrine, methyl ephedrine, ephedrine. ② mechanism Inhibition of allergic neurotransmitter release; Hemolysin decreased, showing anti-complement effect. Antitussive, expectorant ① intensity of codeine 1 / 20. ② terpene product enol active ingredient, ephedrine volatile oil. Antipyretic, antibacterial, antiviral ① active ingredients essential oil. ② antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus, A, beta hemolytic streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria, Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis. ③ anti-virus influenza virus.
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Pharmacopoeia Standard
This product is ephedra plants Ephedra ephedra sinica stapf, Ephedra ephedra intermedia schrenk et ca mey. Or Equi_set_um ephedra ephedra equi_set_ina bge. Of dry grass stems. Fall tapping the green grass stems, and dried. [Character] Ephedra was slender cylindrical, less branched; diameter of 1 ~ 2mm. Some with a small amount of brown woody stems. Surface light green to yellow-green, with thin vertical ridge line, a slight touch of roughness. Section significantly, internode length 2 ~ 6cm. Section on the membranous scale leaves, long 3 ~ 4mm; lobes 2 (thin 3), sharp triangle, tip white, anti-music, combined into a tube-shaped base, red-brown. Light body, crisp, easy to break, the cross section slightly fibrous, yellow, green surrounding, hip red-brown, nearly round. Micro gas smell, taste astringent, slightly bitter. Ephedra multi-branched, diameter 1.5 ~ 3mm, a rough sense. Internode length 2 ~ 6cm, membranous scales leaf length 2 ~ 3mm, lobes 3 (dilute 2), apex acute. Triangular-shaped cross-section of hip round. Equi_set_um ephedra more branches, diameter of 1 ~ 1.5mm, with no rough feeling. Internode length 1.5 ~ 3cm. Membranous scales leaf length 1 ~ 2mm; lobes 2 (thin 3), the upper triangle is short, gray, multi-tip is not anti-music, red-brown to brown-black base. [Identification] (1) cross-section of the product: Ephedra epidermal cells outside the thick cuticle; ridge lines dense, waxy raised verrucous, subsidence between two ridge vents. Under the skin in the ridge line of fiber bundles, wall thickness, non-wood. Cortex wide, fiber bundles scattered. Pericycle fibers crescent. Vascular outside the tough type, 8 to 10. Cambium ring oval. Xylem triangular shape. Parenchyma cells contain brown pith block; occasional myelinated fiber ring. Epidermal cell wall, cortex parenchyma cells and fibers are most small crystal of calcium oxalate crystal sand or party. Ephedra vascular 12 ~ 15. Cambium ring type triangle. Central myelinated fiber bundles or single scattered. Equi_set_um ephedra vascular 8 to 10. Cambium ring oval. Acyclic pulp fiber. (2) of this product powder 0.2g, 5ml with water 1 to 2 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid, boil 2 to 3 minutes, filtration. Filtrate in the separatory funnel, add a few drops of ammonia solution that is alkaline, add chloroform 5ml, shaking extraction. Sub-chloroform solution, and placing two tubes in a system of copper chloride plus ammonia and carbon disulfide of 5 drops of test solution, shake, put it aside, chloroform layer was deep yellow; another tube blank to chloroform 5 drops instead of 5 drops of carbon disulfide, chloroform layer after shaking microscopic colorless or yellow. (3) of this product powder 1g, add a few drops of concentrated ammonia solution, combined with chloroform 10ml, refluxed 1 hour, the filtrate evaporated and the residue in methanol 2ml fully shaking, filtration, the filtrate as the the test solution. Alternative ephedrine hydrochloride reference substance, add methanol made from 1mg per 1ml of the solution, as the reference solution. According to TLC (appendix Ⅵ b) test, to learn the two solutions of 5μl, respectively, points on the same silica gel G plate with chloroform - methanol - concentrated ammonia solution (20:5:0.5) as the agent, started out, dried, sprayed with ninhydrin test solution, heated at 105 ℃ to spot color definition. Test products for chromatography, chromatography with reference substance corresponding position, substantially the same red spots. Content determination Take the product powder about 5g, accurately weighed, _set_ Soxhlet extractor, add concentrated ammonia solution 3ml, 10ml of ethanol and ethyl ether 20ml, 24 hours, plus ether refluxed on a water bath to mention every 4 hours to alkaloids , the extract relocated separating funnel, washing the container with a small amount of ether, lotion into the separatory funnel, add 0.5mol / l hydrochloric acid solution, shake extraction five times (20ml, 10ml, 10ml, 10ml, 10ml), combined acid, filtration, the filtrate was added sodium hydroxide to make alkaline test solution, add saturated sodium chloride, extracted with ether shake 5 times (20ml, 10ml, 10ml, 10ml, 10ml), combined ether solution, chlorine saturated solution of sodium washed three times, each 5ml, combined lotion, and then shaking 10ml ether extract, before and after the second combined ether solution and precision by adding sulfuric acid titration (0.01mol / l) 30ml, shaking extraction, standing the stratification. Points to take acid, the ether solution extracted with water three times, each 5ml, combined acid and water solution, heated on a water bath to remove traces of ether, let cool, add 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution with sodium hydroxide solution (0.02mol / l) titration. Each 1ml of sulfuric acid titration solution (0.01mol / l) is equivalent to 3.305mg of ephedrine (c10h15no). This product contains ephedrine alkaloids (c10h15no) dollars, not less than 0.80%. [Processing] ephedra remove woody stems and root and impurities, cut into sections. Honey take ephedra ephedra segment, according to Mizhi method (Appendix Ⅱ d) non-stick fry hand. Ephedra per 100kg, with a refining honey 20kg. Taste and owned by [] Sim, slightly bitter, warm. The lung, bladder. 【Functions and Indications sweating cold, Xuanfei asthma, benefits of water swelling. For the cold colds, chest tightness, cough, swelling of feng shui; bronchial asthma. Honey ephedra lungs cough. Disease has been used for the solution table, asthma cough. Usage and Dosage】 2 ~ 9g. [Storage] home ventilated dry place.
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Chinese experience
Ephedra has four main functions: 1. Sweating cold; 2. Xuanfei asthma; 3 lines of water swelling; 4 scattered overcast gangrene, eliminate the crux. As the most commonly used clinical for the Xin Wen diaphoretic, it is generally the property of the divergence of cold medicine. In addition to sweating ephedra Xin Wen, relieving cold outside, and a clear Xuanfei asthma. Any cold outside invasion, hair Khieu beam off walls shall not be declared through the exogenous lung cough, are available ephedra treatment. Even the table card had been the solution, but still cough, but also can continue to use ephedra treatment, when to use Sunburn ephedra. Health and the effectiveness of ephedra sweating relieving large force Sunburn ephedra sweating the small cough and asthma better. Treatment of cough with ephedra, best accompanied by almonds. Ephedra Nobumichi lung to asthma cough, asthma almonds lower gas phlegm to cough, ephedra of staunch, almond of soft, two-drug combination, can enhance the effect of anti-asthmatic cough, so clinically "to ephedra Almond for the assistant, "the argument. Cough patients, where there is evidence Hyperactivity Hou (thick yellow sputum, throat dry throat, nose and mouth gas heat, when heated, then the cough increased, yellow fur, rapid pulse, etc.), you need to add gypsum, or skullcap, Anemarrhena, so as to heat and clearing the lungs and asthma. Commonly used prescriptions such as Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Dingchuantang, can reference. In addition to understanding the table ephedra asthma, you can also use it to line the water swelling. Mainly used for upper body edema, or head, face edema, peripheral edema, or acute treatment of both the prima facie evidence. Ephedra can Xuanfei gas temperature, development Cou, to help focus on water and gas lines Xuanhua to achieve the effect of water swelling. Edema with ephedra rule, the following may occur: water from the sweat solution and swelling;? Urination and swelling;? Stool watery diarrhea and swelling;? Body has slightly but significantly increased sweating and urination edema. This "lung skin and hair, cloth body fluid under the lung lose bladder, lung and Large Intestine, edema disease its present in the kidney, the standard in the lung," and so on. In recent years, based on these experiences, the more slave girl with surgery plus soup (ephedra, gypsum, herb, licorice, ginger, jujube) addition and subtraction, treatment of disease, edema, nephritis, also achieved a certain effect. Ephedra with Rehmannia, Mustard Seed, Angelica, etc. can be scattered overcast gangrene, eliminate the crux. Ephedra Warming divergence, light-odor, can be declared through the outer fur Cou, sputum, blood clotting within the plot depth, "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" yes "Pozheng strong accumulation," the record. "Surgery of the whole health _set_" of Yang and Tang (Ephedra, Rehmannia, Mustard Seed, antler, Bao Jiang charcoal, cinnamon, licorice) is to ephedra (fifth), Rehmannia (twelve) with the use, to dissipate negative gangrene, sputum nuclear, flow injection agglomeration of the best examples and work out the "ephedra was Rehmannia without tables, but not greasy ephedra Rehmannia see" experience. Based on these experiences, I have used ephedra, Rehmannia, Mustard Seed, cassia twig, safflower, Lugushuang, Sunburn Hill A-level subtraction with the card, arterial spasm patients treated extremities, occlusive vasculitis and other diseases, can really achieved a certain effect, for reference only. The amount of ephedra is generally seven or eight from the three money between. The treatment of edema often than a larger amount of money by getting three to five additional money, the individual used when there seven or eight of money, then money to be equipped with gypsum eight to twelve and a half (gypsum with a ratio of about ephedra 3:1), to reduce the sweating effect to achieve ephedra Xuanfei diuretic effect. Note that, for asthma of lung deficiency, exogenous wind-heat, single-distention, carbuncles, boils and other evidence, are not available ephedra.
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Discusses various
1 Li Gao: light to go solid, ephedra, of the genus Pueraria is also. More than six evils of the evil, fur-off points at the sun between the Cou closed refuse, Ying-Wei blood not, so that the real, light-two drugs, it can be on them. 2. "Liquid herbal soup": the real man on the drug ephedra rule Wei, Gui Wei virtual governance of medicine. Gui, ephedra, although the evidence for the sun, medicine, in fact, Rong Wei drugs also. Lung health (for gas), heart glorifying (as blood), ephedra is hand-lunar enemy agent, Gui Zhi Shao agent for the hand. Therefore, typhoid fever, cold and cough who Guizhi with ephedra, which is also the source of the soup liquid. 3. "Ben Cao Jing Shu": Ephedra, light to go solid, so the healing cold, as Jie Ji first. Special master stroke, typhoid fever, headache, temperature and malaria, published sweating, to evil, cover the outside of the wind cold dampness evil, fur-off between points in the sun, the Cou closed resist, Rong Wei qi and blood can not row, so that the real This light-medicine, and it could stop up to the fact that evil is also scattered from the table; Keni on the air who are cold depression in the lunar hand; chills and fever who is also evil in the table; five internal organs were evil priorities, five slow six emergency also; wind hypochondriac who, Feng Xie off in Xiexia also, Sri Lanka Guardian reality of the disease are also. Health in both the bulk of the evil cold, the men up from the addition of various permits. The red spots on drug consumption, if they in the spring and summer, which should not have. Strong accumulation of broken, nor can express. Jie Gu Yun: to wing in the pathogenic cold, heat stroke vent guard, is the correct theory also. It is true multi-service, get separated, it is also true element of the gas. 4. "Materia Medica Tongxuan": Ephedra light to go solid, the first drug for the post, but when the winter really cold evil person in the table, beginning as affordable. Although fever chills, otherwise would headache, body pain, Juji, not floating and tight pulse who can not use it. Although Khan's disease, disease of the heavy-light police would also be conducted, people's actual situation, not many clothes. Khan is the heart of the fluid cover, if not mistaken Khan and Khan, while Khan and Khan, too, the efforts of whom shake, or death of Yang, or the overflow of blood from a bad disease, may cause like Zai Jing Jing. 5. "Materia Medica is": Ephedra to Qingyang's taste, but the nature and Xin Wen, Gushan of muscle form, take the meridian, can form large scattered wind cold, cold drugs in addition to law. One should plague, malaria, malaria, Sam Rainsy, who foot Sanyang table of the card, will be appropriate to it. If the pathogenic cold in-depth Shao, Jue Yin bones between the non-use of ephedra, Guangui not by too. However, this rejection of the law, its own subtle, in Satsukai, or between drugs and gas to power, available in the sweat guard; or fluid and blood to help, we can get the camp of Khan; or drugs and temperature the rib-yang, yin coagulation by cold can be toxic; or cold medicine to help and overcast, the solvable hot blast evil; this real family first to typhoid fever, malaria drugs overcast, so Zhongjing Ogata, as led by the real ages of those who also scored. There are many people today see below the main poison and not with fear, but also that the summer months should not use ephedra who simply can not reach. Although Lee goes, if you sweat too much sweating die sun, if spontaneous person virtual table, with the strength of the people off, is all too natural to use and misuse, if Yinxie depth, then both summer and winter, are the most appropriate, how it had been there. In addition, such as cough and cold lunar hand, the hand Shao wind heat rash, swelling of foot Shao Feng Shui, Foot Jue Yin of wind pain, head pain, who were suitably loose, but Sri Lanka is the best. However, Bupleurum, ephedra to drugs both for the casual evil, but evil should Bupleurum Yang, Yin Xie Yi ephedra, must be very cautious. 6. "Drugs of justice": Ephedra, scattered for the evil of drugs is also published. However, Yuan Qi and labor were feeling cold or virtual table, break is not available. If you misuse it, than spontaneous, tendons Ti meat visions, for the dead sun disease. If the vernal equinox to the before and after the element is easy to open government, such as patients suffering from full sun, when the cold into a warm wave of disease, reducing the use within their means, who six supernatural powers dissolution, the general solution table of the evil, the Rong Wei Cheong. If the summer solstice, yang floating on the outside, the skin membrane to open vent, everyone deficiency, such as patients suffering from full sun, cold and variable fever, not too much sweating, to strength the first vent, so less four, five people double dissolution, micro-Jie Ji table, its in the Qing. This is Liu Hejian two "meta-machine" of the law, excellent through the ages. If the cold seasons flu storm, blocking lung, hoarse cough, or stuffy nose chest full, or Chuanji sputum, employing three bend soup with divergent lung evil, Zougong very Jie. Profile jl rash, when the dissolution of the heat evil, in order to express love with almond lung, great effect. 7. "Medical wholehearted participation in the West recorded": edema of the disease by the wind, "Golden" rule to more handmaiden soup, its side to ephedra-based, whichever method can also wind and can facilitate urine. Yu usually clinical disease with its side effects medication can have sweat, their urine that can benefit under the Gordon and swelling are then canceled. Dr. Miura East people with ephedra ten watts, 100 watts water pan, the amount for the day, three times the dose, the treatment of chronic nephritis and renal atrophy urination urination, there is not effective with the effective, its disease The actual situation of different cool heat, do not know with his rank and file of the drug ephedra long to do also. Judging from the "Golden" water valve more handmaiden soup, ephedra shop in plaster, but also because of the hot floating pulse (solid line with the wind, floating pulse, there are really hot); ephedra Aconite Decoction combined with aconite, and its pulse Cold also; cut through changes, the interest rate in line with the pathogenesis, is the true use of ephedra, who carry on. Gu Fang with ephedra, ephedra are the first blow to cook a few boiling foam, and then accept his medicine, cover the foam with their floating hair was too strong to make of the return of peace is also the reason why. The power of ephedra with weaker section sweating, sweating to the power section is strong, this time with a person, probably neither to the festival. To its root is pure antiperspirant products, this is one thing, if its distant roots in the nature of special, and by the careful experiments of Lu Jiuzhi know why that: the number of points with ephedra, you can sweat. This person may be in order to rule the South, not the theory but also in the north. Warm southern air cover, the skin of its people weak, most likely to sweat out, so the South have ephedra but the language of money. Beyond the Great Wall to the north if the climate is cold, thick and strong skin of its people; if more out toil, the frost does not shelter people, but when the cold of the climate, constant use to seventy-eight Khan, who may only money. Cardiff medication way, your due, as a result, the person, lively discretion, to win the main disease, also can not be arrested in the stereotypes. 8. "Materia Medica of justice": Ephedra light-float, specifically lung Yu Shu, air vent, is a sense that the first drug for the treatment, although men say that the solution table, in fact, open lung, although men say that the cold, in fact, vent evil, cold was the outer solid bulk, that is no bad people with warm declared pass. Concept of "Materia Medica" main stroke typhoid fever, to evil heat, cold and heat, says in addition, wind-heat treatment and future generations and spotted, hot Bi heartless, Wen Lan malaria malaria, its purpose can be seen. And the special master Zhongjing Mahuangtang sun cold injury disease operators to line ephedra and Guizhi well, and it is cold purposes, if and Gui peers, that is not specifically carry the main cold sweat. Vent lung ephedra suppression, evacuation is not alone also outside of the evil, as Gou Qi Yu snapped, no right to rule section, that is, when unfortunately the Qing Yang, in order to open the weakness of, such as the rule of Zhongjing licorice Mahuangtang yellow swelling in water, "daughter" ephedra Wine hot soup of symptomatic jaundice, edema of future generations to cure asthma ephedra, urine negative dharmas, although said to take all of the table, then to open, including the occlusion, non-out-by a sense of evil also. And where the Han Xie Yu-lung, and nasal congestion hoarseness; heat evil stifled lungs, and the turbid tears nasosinusitis; lung water to drink stains, and floating to the surface breathlessness; anger of the lungs, and gas heat rate for the coarse and Zaohuo of branded, new cool outside the beam, nibbling dry cough and other evidence, that all rely dredging up the lungs, the preservation of purges of the tasks, compared to apricots, bitter shell drop, mulberry, loquat leaves the curb occlusion, the crime of great power is not comparable. Ephedra nature of the lightest, smell and light, "herbal medicine" although men say that bitter temperature, but also because of its function to be the hanging, but the words and the meaning of mild ascending ear. Fear is the prevalent custom of a few large temperature hot that the drug is near Lee Lake "outline" of the heat of a word wrong also. The Miao's "The Shu" even more than words, competing flavored Okara, hot air is said. I do not know ephedra sweating, hot serving temperature will follow, is the sweat before it may not cover heating, not for the sweat, this is since the inspection rule, according to those who can Zaozao. Juyi but pathogenic cold in the table, is to take appropriate Shao Shao Khan, the evil of relieving cold and heat. If the lung open to vent the dark, and no take level was also sweat, and work very Jie, not to mention the nature of Qing Yang, one had demonstrated, there will certainly not sweat frequently, nostalgia drug, brewing giant suffering from power. 9. "Sutra": the main stroke, typhoid fever, headache, temperature and malaria. Post sweating, to evil heat, relieving cough and against the gas, in addition to cold and heat, breaking strong accumulation. 10. "Do not record": the main priority of the five internal organs evil wind hypochondriac pain, more than the word breast disease. Shanghao saliva, through Cou Li, Jie Ji, evil gas vent, eliminate toxic red spots. 11. "Potency" theory: governance body poison wind stubborn weakness, skin heartless. 12. "Japan Hanako's Herbal": pass Jiuqiao, adjusting blood, Yu Sam Rainsy malaria. 13. "Pearl sac": vent guard in fact, to camp in the cold, made the sun, Shao Khan. 14. "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": rule blocking the nasal passage barrier, grow on trees do not smell, lung cold cough. 15. "Outline": loose red mouth swelling, pain, edema, swelling wind, postpartum blood stagnation. 16. "Scientific folk herb": governance asthma, hay fever, whooping cough, the trachea branch go far. 17. "Modern and practical medicine": effective for joint pain. 18. "Shape of the Chinese experience in identification method": rule abdominal pain, diarrhea, hernia, eye diseases and cold.
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No. 10
Ephedra (The "via") [Different name] Lonza (the "via"), with humble, humble salt ("Do not record"), dog bone ("Guang Ya"). [Source] is ephedra plants Ephedra, hor_set_ail ephedra or ephedrine in the grass stems. [] ① Ephedra plant morphology, also known as: Chinese ephedra. Small shrub-like perennial herb, 30 to 70 cm high. Woody stems prostrate Woyu soil; grass stems erect, yellow-green, internode slender, long 2-6 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 mm. Scale leaves membranous, sheath-like, long 3 to 4 mm, the lower 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 connate around the internode, the upper 2 lobed, lobes acute triangle, the central 2 veins. Inflorescence flower ball into scales, dioecious, rarely were the same strain; male inflorescence broadly ovate, usually 3 to 5 into a complex spike-like, apical and lateral apical, thin as a single health; bracts 3 to 5 pairs , coriaceous, membranaceous edge, one each male within each bract; male with a colorless, membranous obovate perianth tubular false; stamens 6 to 8, out of false perianth, the anthers oblong or obovate, gather into a ball , filaments connate a beam; inflorescence branches more solitary Rui, oval; bracts 4-5 pairs, green, leathery, margin membranaceous, connate most part on one pair accounted for 1 / 2 or more, within each bract 1 female flower; female flower has a thick shell-like false perianth, surrounded by the ovule, the integument extended into a slender tube-shaped tip of the integument upright tube, length 1 to 1.5 mm. Mature female inflorescence bracts increased, fleshy, red, into a berry-like. Seeds 2, oval. Flowering in May. Seeds mature in July. Growth in dry highlands, hills, dry river bed or in Yamada. Distribution of Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. ② Equi_set_um ephedra Small shrub, 70 to 100 centimeters high. Woody stem diameter large, upright; quality of the grass between the thin and short internodes, usually 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, diameter 1 to 1.5 mm. Scale-like leaves membranous sheath, the lower 3 / 4 connate, the upper usually 2 crack, blunt triangle. More solitary male inflorescence, or 3 to 4 _set_s born in the festival, there are bracts 3-4 pairs, base about 1 / 3 connate; false perianth narrow obovate, stamens 6-8; inflorescence solitary, often in the section the pairs, narrow oval inflorescence, bracts 3 pairs, one pair on the most about 2 / 3 connate, ovules 1-2, beads were 1.5 to 2.5 mm tube length, often slightly curved. Inflorescence mature into red berries, meat-like, short handle. Seeds mostly a, elongated oval. Flowering June and July. Seeds mature 8-9 months. Growth in dry mountain and cliff crevice. Mainly in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, western Sichuan and other places. ③ Ephedra Shrub, up to 1 meter or more. Over the first two stout stems, grass stems on the health or whorled, often white powder, internode length 3 to 6 cm in diameter and 2 to 3 mm. Scale-like leaves membranous sheath, the lower 2 / 3 connate, the upper 3 crack (thin 2 crack), lobes obtuse triangle or triangle. Number of male inflorescence clustered Festival, oval; bracts 3 a, 5 ~ 7, or two pairs of students, a total of 5 to 7 pairs; false perianth obovate or nearly round; stamens 5-8, filaments completely connate, or most of the 2-beam; inflorescence 3 whorled or two pairs born in the festival, long oval; bracts 3 to 5 or 3 to 5 pairs, the top one or a pair of bracts have 2 to 3 female flowers, beads were 1.5 to 2.5 mm tube length, and often spiral bending; inflorescence into a hot red meat, often white powder. Seeds 2 to 3. Grown in sandy areas, desert or dry mountain. Distribution of Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places. Above the roots of plants (ephedra root) also for medicinal purposes, and the other details of special section. [Collection] 8 to 10 months excised green twigs, or uprooted, soil and roots to the net, ventilated place to dry or dry to 60% dry, and then dried. Placed dry and ventilated place, moisture mold. ① Ephedra [herbs] Also known as: Tian ephedra. Stem was slender cylindrical and slightly flat, small branches, about 1 to 2 mm in diameter, usually 2 to 3 cm long cut into small pieces. Surface light green to yellow-green, with thin vertical ridge walk, hand a slight touch of roughness, section obviously, internode length 2.5 to 6 cm. Membranous scales on the leaf section 2 (thin 3), about 3 to 4 mm, the upper gray, sharp long, triangular, cutting-edge anti-music, red-brown base, and even synthetic tubular. Stems brittle, easily broken, cross-section slightly fibrous, outer ring of green-yellow, reddish-brown central pith. Micro gas smell and taste slightly bitter. ② Equi_set_um ephedra Stem was slender cylindrical, multi-branched, slightly smaller than Ephedra, a diameter of about 1 to 1.5 mm. Surface of the grass-green to yellow-green, with longitudinal ridge walk, no hand touch of roughness, internode length 1.5 to 3 cm. There are two sections (thin 3) membranous scale leaves, about 1 to 2 mm, the upper triangle is short, gray, multi-tip is not anti-music, the base reddish brown to dark brown, and even synthetic tubular. On other species with similar ③ Ephedra Was slender cylindrical with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm, the whole plant was yellow-green, membranous scales on the section for the three whorled leaves, about 2 to 3 mm. Gray, apex acute, internode length 2 to 6 cm, hand touch of a rough sense. Three are dry, stem diameter, light green, heart full, bitter taste were better. Primary production in Shanxi, Hebei, Gansu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Jilin and other places. In addition to these varieties, there are both short ephedra plant (located in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), Lijiang, ephedra (distribution of Yunnan, Sichuan), the membrane if ephedra (distributed in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai), double spike ephedra (the distribution of the Northeast, new chu) and other grass stems, but also for ephedra use. [Chemical composition] Ephedra stem containing 1-2% alkaloids, of which 40 to 90% of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and followed by trace amounts of lN-methyl ephedrine, dN-methyl-pseudo-ephedrine, l-methyl-ephedrine to , d-demethyl pseudoephedrine, ephedrine second base; and 6% with catechu tannin and volatile oil, volatile oil containing l-α-terpineol. Containing ephedra alkaloids of Equi_set_um 1.15 ~ 1.75%, mainly ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. This product also contains tannins, glycosides, dextrin, inulin, starch, pectin, cellulose, glucose and other carbohydrates and oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid and other organic acids contain large amounts of ephedrine in ephedra, still contain tannins, glycosides, dextrin, inulin, starch, pectin, cellulose, glucose, etc.. Containing ephedra alkaloids short (to ephedrine dollars) 1.15%, the fresh leaves contain wax 0.15%, which is the main component Eve alkyl, alkyl Eve, thirty triacontanol. Pharmacological effects of ephedrine role ① (I) the effects on the cardiovascular system: ephedrine vasoconstriction more moderate and long-lasting, vasodilation very weak, so for nasal swelling, contraction is long, and no renewal of vasodilation; make coronary expansion, increase coronary blood flow, combined with vasopressin when used to boost, overcome by a large number of vasopressin-induced coronary vasoconstriction and cardiac depression. Lasting slow pressor effect of ephedrine can be maintained for several hours, elevated systolic blood pressure than diastolic blood pressure significantly, diastolic blood pressure is generally not reduced. For the heart also has a powerful stimulant, but repeated application, or an application of very large doses, are prone to suppress; may disrupt heart rhythm, but much weaker than adrenaline; in severe structural heart disease, ephedrine and digitalis with the use, is easy to cause cardiac arrhythmias. (Ii) the central role of: ephedrine, such as the amount that can be treated with greater excitement cerebral cortex and subcortical center, causing the spirit of excitement, insomnia, anxiety, tremors and other symptoms, also excited the respiratory center and vasomotor center in the anesthetic poisoning wake up when the role, and can be used narcoleptic. (Iii) smooth muscle: ephedrine bronchial smooth muscle spasm of the more durable, especially in the bronchial spasm when its role is more significant; role in the iris-like muscles make the pupil radial expansion of the gastrointestinal tract can also muscle relaxation, inhibition of peristalsis, but can increase the tension of the bladder sphincter, which is beneficial for enuresis; It can also excited from the uterus, but normal women and menstrual difficulties users may reduce uterine activity. (Iv) Other: Ephedrine has anti-fatigue of skeletal muscle function, can promote the inhibition by curare neuromuscular transmission between, can be used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis; can also cause high blood sugar, but its effect is weak and not constant . Ephedrine and ephedrine alkaloids on the performance of normal sweating and fever not describe the role, in general, ephedrine can not induce sweating, but when people are at high-temperature environment, this time with 50 to 60 mg of ephedrine 1.5 to 2 hours, sweat secretion were faster than to use more of ephedrine, ephedrine and subcutaneous injection of the local skin, sweat does not cause a special secretion, therefore, this effect of ephedrine, which is probably central of. (V) the role of ephedrine principle: the role of ephedrine is mixed, largely due to the same adrenergic receptors and the direct role of the media to promote the release of a small part as an indirect factor. Repeated ephedrine applications easy to produce rapid tolerance, the role of rapidly weakened, and finally completely invalid, after a few hours after recovery, the formation mechanism of the rapid tolerance, also has a direct and indirect two factors, was used in vitro rabbit aortic strips to experiment, except that ephedrine acts on adrenergic receptors, but is still on the aortic smooth muscle receptors may have other roles; it was suggested that methamphetamine's rapid tolerance and central regulation of related, but damage lateral reticular nucleus in the brain has no effect. ② the role of pseudo-ephedrine In the pressor effect, shrink nasal blood vessels of the role, ephedrine strongest, followed by synthetic racemic ephedrine, pseudoephedrine weakest. Yi Yi toxicity ephedrine strongest (100), followed by racemic ephedrine, pseudoephedrine weakest (56.5). Ephedrine pseudoephedrine was significantly more diuretic effect, water, salt and urea, the further increase in urine excretion, but urine output has decreased while anesthetized dogs, the mild experimental tubular nephritis of dogs still produce a diuretic response, In severe cases, no diuretic effect. The isolated rabbit lung perfusion experiments showed that pseudoephedrine very dilute solution and concentrated solution are the bronchial relaxation, moderate concentrations to bronchial muscle contraction, and the concentration of methyl ephedrine can any relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. ③ ephedra second base role Ephedra time base can lower blood pressure, increased uterine contractions of isolated guinea pig and rabbit intestinal peristalsis, ephedra root extract intravenous injection in cats and rabbits have antihypertensive effect. ④ mentioned Ephedra Ephedra volatile oil obtained in vitro inhibition of influenza virus to infection-A, PR8 influenza virus in mice injected with the treatment effect (the date of increased survival, decreased lung injury). Ephedra oil emulsion caused by intramuscular injection of artificial heat sterilized milk of rabbits, there antipyretic effect, volatile oil and its main ingredient ephedra terpineol, the body temperature of normal mice have a cooling effect, but the volatile oil of Ephedra as terpineol obvious. Ephedra volatile oil emulsion orally, intramuscular, intraperitoneal injection of normal sweating and fever cat are not the role of performance (in the Ministry of whether paw sweat and moisture as an indicator), no sweating on the role of fever patients. Dose of ephedrine to combat oil emulsion in mice caused by ephedra sedation and rabbit muscle paralysis, the heart of the toad, the oil emulsion showed only inhibition of ephedra, ephedrine and not antagonize this effect, ephedra oil emulsion without affecting muscle intense dose of rabbit respiratory movement was suppressed after the first excitement. Ephedra safety of oral volatile oil emulsion large injection in the abdomen or rabbit ears to stimulate the subcutaneous tissue there is a certain effect on the rabbit conjunctiva has a strong stimulating effect. Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Shan in the chick embryo experiments in 61-l of the strains of influenza virus antiviral activity, its role is mainly to ephedra; gypsum, licorice, almonds antiviral activity of ephedra, do not show synergy. Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, ephedra, licorice against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a certain extent, to the role of strong ephedra. [Processing] ephedra: pick impurities, to make woody stems and root, water washed, cut into sections after micro-Yun, drying derived. Ephedra down: take the net has been processed chopped ephedrine slot on the grind, and research to the loose fibers into a velvet-like. Honey ephedra: ephedra taking section, plus refining cooked a little honey and water, mix well, a little stuffy, _set_ non-stick fry pan with a slow fire for the degree of hand, remove and let cool. (Section 100 pounds per ephedra, cooked with honey refining 10 to 15 kg) "Materia Medica prepared to": "a little hot soup with vinegar, dried for use. There were fried with honey." [Taste] hard, warm. ① "The Classic": "bitter, warm." ② "medicinal theory": "Sweet, flat." 】 【Go through the lungs, bladder. ③ "Drugs of justice": "lung, colon, envelope, bladder four through." ② "Do not Catalog": "main priority of the five internal organs evil wind hypochondriac pain, more than the word breast disease. Only good spit, through the Cou Li, Jie Ji; evil gas vent, eliminate toxic red spots." ⑤ "pearl sac": "vent guard in fact, to camp in the cold, made the sun, Shao Khan." ⑧ "scientific folk herb": "cure asthma, hay fever, whooping cough, the trachea branch go far." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: Jian Tang (should fry to the water floating foam), 0.5 to 2 money; or into pills, powder. ② "Do not Catalog": "not many clothes, it is false." ⑤ "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "table virtual spontaneous perspiration, night sweats Yin; Deficient hot, phlegmatic cough, nasal congestion so; scar very hot, not because of the depression and self-pathogenic cold down dimple; virtual human common cold, asthma Qi hair ; Yin Huo-yen, resulting in dizziness, headache; south stroke paralysis, and the usual Cou Yang secret of everyone not disabled. " ③ treatment were a pain to do, fever, Japanese Asr drama who were rheumatism, disease injury to sweating when the wind, or cold to take a long time due to injury: Ephedra (to the festival) and a half two (soup bubble), licorice a two (Sunburn), Coix and a half two, ten almonds (peeled, tip, fried). Matou a large file on each serving four money dagger, a half of water, boil eight, to the dregs, warm clothes, a slightly sweated shelter. ("Golden Chamber" ephedrine almond Coix Decoction) ⑥ cold wind cold, stuffy nose heavy sound, no voice; or cold injury, cold, headache, dizziness, tired limbs arrest, cough, shortness of breath, chest full of: Ephedra (not section), almonds (not peeled, tip), Licorice (students with) each decile. For the thick end, each serving five money, water, one and a half, ginger five, with fry one, to the dregs. Through oral, to cover clothing, sleeping cover, take Wei Han for the degree. ("Bureau" three bend soup) ② "Herbal Decoction": "Cardiff false drug ephedra rule Wei, Gui Wei virtual governance of medicine. Guizhi, ephedra, although the evidence for the sun, medicine, drugs are in fact Rong Wei. Lung Wei (for gas), heart Main Wing (for blood), it is hand-lunar ephedra agent, Gui Shao agent for the hand. so cold and cough, typhoid fever who use ephedra Gui, which is also the source of the soup liquid. " ⑤ "herbal medicine is": "Taste of ephedra to Qing Yang, and Xin Wen and nature, Gushan of muscle form, take the meridian, can form a large bulk Feng Xie, eliminate cold drugs. One should plague, malaria, malaria, Sam Rainsy , where the foot Sanyang table of the card, must be appropriate to it. If Hanxie depth Shao, Jue Yin bones between the non-use of ephedra, Guangui not by also, but with this the law, its own subtle, in the Satsukai, or between medicine and gas to help can be obtained in the sweat guard; or to help the fluid and blood, the sweat can get the camp; or drugs to help and warm sun, cold condensate can be toxic by-yin; or cold medicine to help shade and can solve the hot blast evil; the first real home of typhoid malaria to drugs overcast, so Zhongjing Ogata, this led, real ages of those who also scored. see below, more people have this fear do not dare to use it as a poison, but also that the summer months should not use ephedra who simply can not reach. Although Lee goes, if sweating is sweating too much sun die, if spontaneous person virtual table, then off with the human strength, is all too natural to use and misuse, if Yinxie depth, then both summer and winter, are the most appropriate, how it had been there. In addition, such as cough and cold lunar hands, hand wind Shao heat rash, Shao Feng Shui swelling Foot, Foot Jue Yin of wind pain, head pain, who were suitably loose, but Sri Lanka is the most. However, Bupleurum, ephedra is scattered all evil to the drug, but the evil should Bupleurum Yang, Yin Xie Yi Ephedra, also must be aware of. " ⑦ "medical wholehearted participation in the West recorded": "edema of the disease by the wind," Golden "rule to more handmaiden soup, its side to ephedra-based, whichever can be expelling urine and can also benefit. Stupid with clinical disease usually its side, taking the consequences can get sweat, their urine that can benefit under the Gordon and swelling also gradually eliminate the East, Dr. Miura people with ephedra ten watts, 100 watts water pan, the amount for the day, three times the dose , the treatment of chronic nephritis and renal atrophy urination urination, there is not effective with the effective, with its hot-cold syndrome of the actual situation of different, I do not know with his rank and file of the drug ephedrine to make long also. Judging from the "Golden" water valve more handmaiden soup, ephedra combined with gypsum, but also because of the hot floating pulse (solid line with the wind, floating pulse, there are really hot), ephedra Aconite Decoction combined with aconite, also because of the pulse and cold; cut through the changes, the interest interest rates in line with the pathogenesis, is the true use of ephedra those who carry the ancient prescription with ephedra, ephedra are the first blow to cook a few boiling foam, and then accept his medicine, cover the foam with their floating hair was too strong, to the So make of the return of peace also. the power of ephedra with the weaker section of sweating, sweating to the power section is strong, this time with a person, probably neither to section to its root is purely just thousand of products, this is one thing, if its distant roots in the nature of special, and by the careful experiments, how to know them? Lu Jiuzhi that: the number of points with ephedra, you can sweat. This person may be in order to rule the South, non of the theory in the north also. cover the south gas heating, the skin of its people is weak, most likely to sweat out, so the South have ephedra but the language of money. Beyond the Great Wall to the north if the climate is cold, thick and strong it into the skin, if more out toil, the frost does not shelter people, but also When the cold of the climate, constant use to seventy-eight Khan, who may only money. Cardiff medication way, your due, as a result, the person, lively and, where appropriate, in order to win the main disease, also can not be arrested in the stereotypes. "
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No. 11
Ephedra 【Method】 decoction 2, a mixture of morning and afternoon service, day one.
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Basic information
[Name] ephedra prescription, making London wood Taste and owned by [] Sim, slightly bitter, warm. The lung, bladder. 【Functions and Indications Sweating and cold, Xuanfei asthma, benefits of water swelling. For the cold colds, chest tightness, cough, swelling of feng shui; bronchial asthma. Honey ephedra lungs and cough, the solution has been used for table disease, asthma cough. [Application] 1 for exogenous cold, chills, fever, head, body pain, nasal congestion, no sweat, floating and tight pulse and other table evidence. This product can Xuanfei gas, open Cou, bulk cold to sweating the solution tables. Often associated with Gui phase shall be used to enhance the sweating relieving force, such as MHT. (2) For the cold outside the beam, due to cough lung Yonge card. Able to open Xuanfei gas, bulk cold and asthma. And almond, licorice compatibility, that is, three bend soup, can enhance the effectiveness of asthma; if there are cold drinks and can be compatibility Asarum, Ginger, Pinellia, so as to temperature of the cold drink and cough and asthma, such as Xiao Qing Long Tang; If it is the heat evil obstruct the lung walls cough, could and gypsum, almond, licorice and other compatibility for clearing the lungs and asthma, that Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang. 3 for edema and table cards for Xuanfei diuretic to the drug, the product sweating and water, will help dissipate edema, often with ginger, Atractylodes equivalent to use, such as more handmaiden surgery plus soup. 4, taking the role of pathogenic cold ephedra bulk temperature, with other appropriate drugs can cure Fengshibitong and overcast gangrene, sputum nuclear and other evidence. Consumption usage 2-9g. Should be after the next. Relieving students to use, Sunburn with asthma; pound down to ease sweating, children, elderly and infirm, it is appropriate to use ephedra velvet or moxibustion. Precautions This product is sweating a strong force, so the virtual table and Yin spontaneous sweating, cough is not due to renal sodium gas virtual asthma who should be used with caution.
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Alias Daquan
[Alias] Lonza, humble phase, base supervisor, dog bone, color channel hemp, root knot strength, ephedra, Ephedra, Ephedra, hor_set_ail profile yellow, mountain ephedra, ephedra River, Tian ephedra, Chinese ephedra, wood ephedra, ephedra western Zhu core hemp. 【Product Name】 Ephedra, Ephedra, also known as Tian, Chuan ephedra, Ma Zhu core. Equi_set_um Ephedra: Also known as Casuarina, mountain ephedra.
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Pharmacopoeia standards
Ephedra was slender cylindrical, less branched; diameter of 1 ~ 2mm. Some with a small amount of brown woody stems. Surface light green to yellow-green, with thin vertical ridge line, a slight touch of roughness. Section significantly, internode length 2 ~ 6cm. Section on the membranous scale leaves, long 3 ~ 4mm; lobes 2 (thin 3), sharp triangle, tip white, anti-music, combined into a tube-shaped base, red-brown. Light body, crisp, easy to break, the cross section slightly fibrous, yellow, green surrounding, hip red-brown, nearly round. Micro gas smell, taste astringent, slightly bitter. [Identification] Equi_set_um ephedra vascular 8 to 10. Cambium ring oval. Acyclic pulp fiber. Content determination This product contains ephedrine alkaloids (C10H15NO) dollars, not less than 0.80%. Honey take ephedra ephedra segment, according to Mizhi method (Appendix Ⅱ D) non-stick fry hand. 【Functions and Indications sweating and cold, Xuanfei asthma, benefits of water swelling. For the cold cold, chest tightness, cough, swelling of feng shui; bronchial asthma. Honey ephedra lungs cough. Table disease has been used for the solution, wheezing cough.
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_Select_ed prescription
② rule after the sun sweating disease, not even the line Gui Zhi Tang, sweating Erchuan, no great heat by: ephedra forty-two (to the festival), almond fifty (peeled, tip), licorice two (Sunburn), gypsum catty (broken, wrapped in cotton). On the four flavor to seven liters of water, cook ephedra, reduced or, to the foam, accept various drugs, Zhuqu two liters, to the dregs, warm clothes a liter. ("Treatise perish" ephedrine almond licorice gypsum soup) ⑤ wounded on the cold and heat out of the table, hair jaundice: Ephedra two or three, to five liters of wine soon, Zhuqu a liter and a half, to make clothes, warm clothes sweating Jiyu. When the cold winter months with sake, Chun-Yi water. ("Qian Jin Fang" Ephedra Chun wine soup)
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Verses herbs
Ephedra joys of tepid, heartless main rule in Feng Xie, typhoid fever and cough asthma facie evidence, reasonable solution malaria malaria elimination mark.
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Origin of name of the drug
Magistrate ordered the master got, said: "how do you teach? Let him man is dead!" Magistrate listened, asked disciples: "Do you remember? Back out I hear." Apprentice back said: "sweating with stems, roots antiperspirant use, once made a mistake, will the dead." magistrate asked: "sweat of patients with no sweat?" disciples replied: "whole body sweating." "What you use medicine? "" grass stems without leaves. "magistrate was furious:" It was Hu rule! patients have been sweating out sweating also used the drug, people can die? "he finished, ordered the board to play the apprentice four top ten, take three years to prison sentence. Master all right, when the church released.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition
Pinyin: HERBA EPHEDRAE Characters: Equi_set_um ephedra more branches, diameter 1.5mm, with no rough feeling. Internode length 1.5-3cm. Membranous scales leaf length 1-2mm; lobes 2 (rarely 3), the upper triangle for the short, gray, do not tip more than the anti-music, red-brown to brown black base. Ephedra paper tubes 12-15. Cambium ring like a triangle. Central myelinated fibers into a single beam or scattered. (3) take the product powder 1g, add a few drops of concentrated ammonia solution, combined with chloroform 10ml, refluxed 1 hour, the filtrate evaporated and the residue in methanol 2ml fully shaking, filtration, the filtrate as the test solution. Another take ephedrine hydrochloride reference substance, such as methanol made from 1mg per 1ml of solution, as the reference solution. According to TLC (Appendix Ⅵ B) experiment, to learn the two solutions of 5μl, respectively, points on the same silica gel G plate with chloroform - methanol - concentrated ammonia solution (20:5:0.5) as the the agent, started out, dried, sprayed with ninhydrin test solution, heated at 105 ℃ to spot color definition. Test products for chromatography, chromatography with reference substance corresponding position, substantially the same red spots. Determination of water according to water (Appendix Ⅸ H first method), not over 9.0%. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (appendix Ⅵ D) determination. Preparation of the test solution to take the product powder of about 0.2g, accurately weighed, and placing a plug conical flask, precision adding methanol 25ml, said that given the weight, ultrasound treatment (power 160W, frequency 50kHz) 45 minutes, let cool , and then said that given the weight of methanol to complement the weight loss, shaking, filtration. Precise amount of filtrate added 1ml, _set_ a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 1.5g, diameter 1cm), and with 50% methanol, collecting eluate about 9ml, home 10ml volumetric flask, add 1 phosphate drops, with 50% methanol was diluted to the mark, shake, that was.
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中草药
HERBA EPHEDRAE
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Encyclopedia
Ephedra Origin and character of this product was born more arid mountains, grassland or wasteland and dry riverbed nearby, often clustered into a film, are also cultivated. Generally 9 to 11 months in excised green stems, or uprooted, in addition to net soil impurities, separate the roots and stems, tied to a small, home dry air, dry air to Liu Qicheng, and then full sun to dry, cut into sections, but the exposure time is too long the color yellow, affecting efficacy. Equi_set_um ephedra more branches, diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm; the surface of the grass green to yellowish green, with fine longitudinal ridges 13 to 14, with no rough sense of touch of the hand. Internode length of 1 to 3 cm long section of the membranous scale leaves 1 to 2 mm; lobes 2, short-triangular, tip not roll back, red-brown to brown-black base (Figure 3 Equi_set_um ephedra). Composition and stem with a variety of pharmacological ephedra alkaloids, the main active ingredient is ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, followed by D, and the other contained traces of L-N-methyl ephedrine, pseudo-D-N-methyl ephedrine, left spin norephedrine, Cathine D, ephedra and other fixed base. And contain a small amount of volatile oil, the main component of oil terpineol. In addition, still contains volatile benzyl methylamine, catechol tannin and so on. Applications and contraindications ephedra Xin Wen issued for the drug, most suitable for exogenous pathogenic cold, Cou occlusion, the table is no □ of the card, often with Gui phase shall be made to strengthen the power of relieving □. For there are exogenous Deficiency card table and have evil as those who, with the use of ephedra with aconite to receive warm and cold, yang relieving effect. Ephedra for Dingchuan, such as with ginger, cassia twig, Asarum, Pinellia, etc., can cure exogenous cold, at least within the cough asthma drink without water; with almonds, Su, Coltsfoot Flower, Morus alba, etc., can be Governance cold outside the beam, the cough, phlegm intrinsic asthma; with gypsum, almond, licorice, can cure depression and the heat of outside air, lung Yonge Vision loss, fever, cough and asthma of a □. The modern history of ephedra extract ephedrine tablets and injection made orally for bronchial asthma, allergic reactions and hypotension. Ephedra for edema syndrome, other than by Feng Xie, moisture within the generalized edema is appropriate, general and gypsum, the same with ginger and Atractylodes. Ephedra also Jieji hair □, Xuanfei the role of evil, that where a cold Yu table and poor through the hair of measles, or cold outside because the wind caused by the passage of Sao hidden rash, can be treated using this product with other drugs. Oral decoction amount of 3 to 10 grams. □ relieving appropriate to send raw ephedrine, asthma cough is appropriate Sunburn ephedra. This product Xin Wen divergence is stronger, physical weakness and easy-to-out □ should be used with caution; Yin Pirates □, Qi breathing, high blood pressure, bleeding were banned.
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Grass 百科
Pasture Kela Ding name Ephedraceae Grass is a Latin name Ephedra Tourn. Ex L. Forage species of Ephedra sinica Stapf Geographic distribution of ephedra (Ephedra, Chinese Ephedra) located in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan northwestern Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces. Often form large feeding value of simple groups rich in alkaloids, important medicinal plants suitable for distill ephedrine (base). As the green stems, it is evergreen and can be used to be and fixing plants, but also for ornamental purposes.