Crocodiles, Scientific name: crocodylus siamensis English Scientific name: siamese crocodile Mainly found in light, seawater, (is the intersection of Bay and the Gulf) Maximum length 6 meters and weighs about one ton. Crocodile are endangered wildlife species, is important internationally protected species, were cites (Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention) included in the list are endangered species. Crocodile (crocodile) since the beginning of the only surviving dragon. Oviparous as cold-blooded animals, little change has long been the only water or water and land predators and scavengers. Amphibians and Reptiles are vertebrates, and its most ferocious violent temperament, eating fish and frogs and other small animals, and even kill humans and animals bite. According to records, the world's extant crocodile class a total of 20 species, our alligator, Gulf of Thailand crocodiles and alligators are all logical Luo more famous varieties. China's largest crocodile breeding base in Guangzhou Panyu farms, the farm covers an area of nearly 70 hectares, with a crocodile, Logica Lo crocodile, alligator, alligators in South America such as crocodiles nearly 100,000.
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Living Area
Except for a few crocodiles living in temperate regions, tend to live in tropical and subtropical areas of rivers, lakes and swamps of many waters, and some live in the shallows near the coast. It faces a long, long beak, so-called "king of the world, nurturing crocodiles," said. Crocodile rich ornamental value. Crocodile also has a variety of medicinal health benefits. Crocodiles are also valuable edible delicacies. Because of its systemic treasure, therefore, some of the world countries to actively develop crocodile farming.
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Feature
Passerine crocodile crocodile crocodile is one kind of subjects. Also known as crocodile or alligator sea. Distributed in Southeast Asia until the coastal northern Australia. Length of 6 to 7 m, up to 10 meters, is the largest extant reptiles. Crocodile living in the bay or went over the sea. Crocodiles are found alive so far the earliest and most primitive reptiles, it is in the Triassic to Cretaceous Mesozoic (about 200 million years ago) evolved from the amphibians, the continuation of a half of water is still ferocious reptiles It is a contemporary animals and dinosaurs, dinosaur extinction regardless of the environment, or for their own reasons, have been fossil; crocodile exists a strong proof of its life. Crocodiles are not fish, is a vertebrate crawling insects Gang, is the only extant ancestral dragon offspring. It is to swim, landing can climb, body fat, force, known as the "king of reptiles." It lungs, due to the body structure of the chain of amino acids, making oxygen oxygen storage ability, which has long life characteristics. Average life expectancy of up to 150-year-old crocodile, reptiles life is very long. (Turtle average life 152, is the longest) According to archaeological finds crocodile largest body of up to 12 meters and weighs about 10 tons, but most species average body length of 6 m crocodile weighing about one ton, mainly fish, waterfowl, rabbits, frogs, etc. for food, is a carnivorous animal.
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Hatching ground
In the tree-lined hills of freshwater river riverside nest (60,000 meters from the sea above) they use their tails sweep out a 7 to 8 meters platform, the platform has a diameter of 3 meters really put crocodile nest eggs, nests River about 4 meters, with leaves Cong shade, with each nest egg white crusty around 50, about the size of 80 × 55 mm; female crocodile waiting in the nest side, always thrown tail watering wet nest, keeping the temperature 30 ~ 33 ℃, 75 ~ 90 days to hatch; chicks hatched alligators long 240 mm, 1 year can grow to 480 mm, 3 years up to 1156 mm and weighs 5.2 kg.
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Food
Crocodile ferocious and unruly. Adult crocodiles in the water often, only eyes, noses out of the water. They are the eyes and ears sensitive, frightened immediately sink. Afternoon sun floating multi-day and night eyes bright. Baby crocodiles are with red. 5 to June crocodile mating, for hours, while the fertilized only 1 to 2 minutes; July to August to lay eggs. Male crocodile exclusive areas, flooding bucket intruder, a male rate Yongqun female. Regular consumption of fish, frogs, shrimp, crab, also eat small alligators, turtles, turtle. Chewing and strong, able to fragmentation hard armor.
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Lacrimal
鳄鱼 泪腺
Chinese Han Unrestraint South has alligators, Song Diego has documented since Ming occasionally in the coastal islands. As the saying goes, "crocodile tears" in fact is indeed true. Crocodile tears really, but it is not because it is sad, but it is in the body excrete excess salt. . Crocodile renal excretory function is not perfect, the body of excess salt, rely on a special salt glands to excrete. Crocodile salt gland is located just near the eye. In addition to outside crocodiles, turtles, snakes, lizards, and some sea birds who also have similar salt gland. Salt gland so that these animals can remove excess salt in water to obtain fresh water. Therefore, the salt gland is their natural "desalination device."
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Record
Crocodiles have been documented in ancient China, "The Book of Rites" and called a crocodile, after the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's suffering because of crocodiles as "Ji Crocodile" as Route Expeditionary Man, righteously, scare crocodile suffering. Ming Li in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" is the alligator classified potency, "scales Ministry - Crocodile - Release Name: Earth Dragon." And herbs as: "'Indications: moisture evil henchman Zhengjia'''" is undoubtedly show crocodile role in human life, even based on modern luxury crocodile leather production and display its value. There are a wide variety of famous Crocodile: crocodile, alligator, alligators African long, Nile crocodile, alligator and so on. I park farmed crocodiles crocodile in Thailand, also known as estuarine crocodile, Latin In People's minds, crocodile is the "evil fish." A mention crocodiles, immediately think Xuepentaikou clouds sharp teeth, hard body armor, ready to eat people's demeanor. It's visual, auditory very keen, in fact, looks clumsy action is very flexible. Crocodile meat long look of the thing is to all animals, including humans are its food, and then met with ferocious animals it can only take the initiative to avoid the defensive to the offensive, must not dare to provoke it. Worldwide existing 25 kinds of crocodiles. However, there is an archaeological expedition in Madagascar have discovered a never seen crocodiles. This was named simosuchus clarki crocodiles have a short and powerful mouth, has ╠ ╠ like herbivores herbivorous dinosaur teeth. The teeth never previously unearthed fossils and modern crocodiles crocodile seen before. This is a way of life 70 million years ago in the herbivorous terrestrial crocodiles. simosuchus clarki crocodiles are found in Madagascar, one of the seven crocodile fossils. New York University archaeologist, expedition leader David Kraus said: "This is by far the most surprising discovery, not only because it is herbivorous ╠ ╠ have a short like a pig's mouth, This is the other crocodiles do not have. Its other features also make us believe that this is a terrestrial organisms, rather than the general aquatic crocodile. " Late Cretaceous mammalian evolutionary history of an important period, during that time, many populations begin to differentiate, in order to adapt to different small environment to survive. simosuchus clarki crocodile is a good example. David Kraus said: "The growing diversity of crocodiles from the Late Cretaceous, large five meters long and less than 1 meter small to accommodate the needs of different living environment. Simosuchus is this differentiation late varieties, but there is no doubt it with modern crocodiles do not belong to the same branch. " Extinction of plant and animal species and the establishment of the modern relationship between the geographical structure helps to study past. Ever more abundant fossils found in the northern hemisphere, before the discovery in Madagascar, on the southern hemisphere, Gondwana fossils is very small. Across the continent of species found in the Southern Hemisphere in the early theory that, in today's various continents, there is a huge "bridge" connecting. But now scientists believe 100 million 65 million years ago, the continent was first separated from Gondwana, while India and Pakistan subcontinent, Madagascar, South America, Antarctica, linked to a longer time, so plants and Animals can be dispersed throughout. Madagascar archaeological team discovered the fossil confirms this hypothesis. "The fossil fauna ╠ ╠ including fish, frogs, turtles, mammals, dinosaurs, birds, Late Cretaceous vertebrates is strong evidence of evolution." Archaeologist David Kraus said: "But how species , when spread open, natural history is still a mystery to most puzzling. "
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Name Type
[Name] crocodile species [Latin name] Crocodylus siamensis [English name] Siamese crocodile [Genus eukaryotic domain classification] animal kingdom Fauna, phylum Chordata, vertebrate subphylum Vertebrata, Reptilia Repitilia, archosaurs lower classes, crocodile-type Head, crocodilians Crocodylia → subordinates three subjects: lizard families Alligatoridae, crocodile Section Crocodylidae, long alligators Branch Gavialidae. Note: The crocodile is not a fish, reptiles, crocodiles in the name of, or because of their playing in the water like a fish, hence the name.
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Species
Crocodilians (Crocodilia) all reptiles collectively. Usually in great shape, heavy reptiles and lizards slightly similar appearance, is a carnivorous animal. Crocodile strong, there are many long conical teeth, short legs, claws, webbed toes. Tail long and heavy, thick skin with scales. Currently accepted a total of 23 kinds of crocodile species. The reason why this group is of particular concern because of its position in the evolutionary history: crocodile is extant organisms like dinosaurs and prehistoric reptiles is linked to the last link. Meanwhile, crocodiles and birds nearest extant relatives. Large variety of crocodile fossils have been found; 4 suborder has three extinct. Based on these extensive fossil record, it is possible to establish between crocodiles and other vertebrates clear relationship.
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Distribution
Crocodile is a vertebrate amphibians and reptiles in tropical to subtropical rivers, lakes, Coast. Crocodiles are a lot of families, a total of 20 extant species of crocodilians, and its most ferocious violent temperament, eating fish and frogs and other small animals and even bite to kill livestock.
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Habits
Crocodile Alligator (Crocodile) since the beginning of the only surviving dragon. Oviparous as cold-blooded animals, little change has long been the only water or water and land predators and scavengers. Amphibians and Reptiles are vertebrates, and its most ferocious violent temperament, eating fish and frogs and other small animals and even bite to kill livestock. According to records, the world's extant crocodile class a total of 20 species, our alligator, crocodile, and Thailand are all logical Luo more famous crocodile species. China is currently the largest crocodile breeding base in Guangzhou Panyu farms, the farm covers an area of nearly 70 hectares, with a crocodile, Logica Lo crocodile, alligator, alligators and other South American crocodile nearly 100,000. Lacrimal gland, China Southern has crocodile Unrestraint Han, Tang and Song Diego has documented since Ming occasionally in the coastal islands. As the saying goes, "crocodile tears" in fact is indeed true. Crocodile tears really, but it is not because it is sad, but it is in the body excrete excess salt. Crocodile renal excretory function is not perfect, the body of excess salt, rely on a special salt glands to excrete. Crocodile salt gland is located just near the eye. In addition to outside crocodiles, turtles, snakes, lizards, and some sea birds who also have similar salt gland. Salt gland so that these animals can remove excess salt in water to obtain fresh water. Therefore, the salt gland is their natural "desalination device."
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Growth and reproduction
In the tree-lined hills of freshwater river riverside nest (60,000 meters from the sea above) they use their tails sweep out a 7 to 8 meters platform, the platform has a diameter of 3 meters placed crocodile nest eggs, nest from the river about 4 m, with leaves Cong shade, with each nest egg white crusty around 50, about the size of 80 × 55 mm; female crocodile waiting in the nest side, always thrown watering wet tail nest, keeping the temperature 30 ~ 33 ℃, 75 ~ 90 days incubation; chicks hatched alligators length 240 mm, 1 year can grow up to 480 mm, 3 years up to 1156 mm and weighs 5.2 kg. Suitability The reason why the crocodile has survived for 100 million years because it is probably the ability to adapt to the environment is by far the strongest animal, its adaptability to the environment in the following areas: A delicate head evolution in hunting can guarantee only eye ear nose out of the water, greatly maintained covert 2 in reptiles have developed incredible heart for four atrium, normal reptiles only three atrium, close to the level of a mammal 3 heart will be able to hunt most oxygen-rich blood delivered to the tail and the head, which greatly enhances the explosive Four cortical brain evolved, so their IQ may be considerably beyond our imagination 5 liver in the abdominal cavity can be moved back and forth to adjust the center of gravity of the body
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Population Status
01 Indian fish-eating crocodile: the brink of extinction. In India, there are a number of farms, breeding in zoos record low. 02. Malay crocodile: Malay crocodile are endangered farms in Thailand and the United States Bronx Zoo, Zoo Miami successfully reproduce. 03. Orinoco crocodile: Orinoco crocodile is not bred in zoos, but in some private farms can breed. 04. Alligator: alligator alligators subfamily in the Americas is the most widely distributed in larger quantities, but still an endangered species. 05 Cuban crocodile: Cuban crocodile is legally protected by the government endangered species, some zoos in the United States and the United States and Cuba farms can breed. 06 Mo Ruilei crocodile: Mo Ruilei crocodile Although protected by law, but is still widely poaching, is an endangered species. Mo Ruilei crocodile zoo currently has in some reproductive success. 07. Nile crocodile: Crocodylus niloticus somewhat different populations are listed as endangered, some as Vulnerable. 08 African long alligator: African long alligator is an endangered species, zoo breeding success in Miami. 09. Marsh crocodile: Marsh crocodile is a vulnerable species, the zoo in India there are more number of breeding. 10 New Guinea crocodile: New Guinea crocodile is still more than the current number, belonging to vulnerable species in farms can breed. 11 Philippine crocodile: Philippine crocodile is an endangered species in the wild is only one hundred or so. 12 Siamese crocodile / alligator Thailand: Thai crocodile could be extinct in the wild, but in captivity number still more, with crocodile hybrids. 13 Crocodile: crocodile Although widely distributed, but because of crocodile skin trade, under serious threat, is listed as endangered species, while also being widely kept in many zoos and farms are breeding. 14 Australian freshwater crocodile / alligator Johnson: Australian freshwater crocodile although by poaching threat, but subject to more stringent protection, belonging to vulnerable species, there are a large number of breeding farms. 15 African dwarf crocodile: Recognized as the threatened or endangered species medium. While under artificial breeding can breed, but is still not established farms. 16 Mississippi alligator: Mississippi alligator current increase in the number, but there are a lot of artificial breeding, the total number has reached one million, no longer belongs to threatened species. 17 Alligator: Alligator endangered species, wild remaining hundreds, but still more than the number of artificial breeding, except for China, the United States Bronx Zoo and other zoos and farms are also a number of reproductive success. 18 - Spectacle caiman: Glasses caiman two subspecies are listed as endangered, the other is listed as Vulnerable in many places artificial breeding, while some of the original in Florida as pets escape after the introduction of the individual formed in the park or even small-scale population gutter. 19 Tursiops caiman: Tursiops caiman habitat is South America's high population density areas threatened by human activities more serious, are endangered species. 20. Paraguay caiman: There are scholars is that the kind of spectacle caiman subspecies. 21 Kiss ancient crocodile shield: Shield kiss ancient crocodile skin is not suitable for use, making it still more the number of existing, does not belong to threatened species. 22 Cone ancient crocodile kiss: kiss ancient crocodile with the same shield, cone kiss ancient crocodile skin is not suitable for use, and thus the number of extant still more, does not belong to threatened species. 23 black caiman: black alligator because predation on livestock, often killing the locals, although protected by law, but it still belongs to endangered species.
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Protection level
Crocodile, caiman glasses, Nile crocodile, Africa long alligator, crocodile, Philippines, African dwarf crocodile, alligator, Tursiops caiman, black caiman, Siamese crocodile are endangered wildlife species, is an international important protected species, was "the Washington Convention" CITES (Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention) included in the list are endangered species.
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Historical records
Crocodiles have been documented in ancient China, "The Book of Rites" and called a crocodile, after the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's suffering because of crocodiles as "Ji Crocodile" as Route Expeditionary Man, righteously, scare crocodile suffering. Ming Li in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" is the alligator classified potency, "scales Ministry - Crocodile - Release Name: Earth Dragon." And herbs as: "'Indications: moisture evil henchman Zhengjia'''" is undoubtedly show crocodile role in human life, even based on modern luxury crocodile leather production and display its value. Late Cretaceous mammalian evolutionary history of an important period, during that time, many populations begin to differentiate, in order to adapt to different small environment to survive. David Kraus said: "The growing diversity of crocodiles from the Late Cretaceous, large five meters long and less than 1 meter small to accommodate different living environments.
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Wonderful hatch
Crocodile eggs is to use solar heat and weeds by the wet heat of fermentation for hatching. Baby crocodile by the incubation temperature determines the sex, but the female crocodile will balance the proportion of children produced. They will all nests built in high temperature to sunny, some nests built in low-lying cooler shelter.
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Crocodile serum
Crocodiles usually live in relatively poor environment where bacteria supposedly very much, easy to make crocodile sick, but a long time, almost all healthy crocodile, in the end is why?
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Examples
If crocodile skin scrape a little wound, but its long life in the water, arguably the bacteria invade the crocodile body should be, but the crocodile right. A few days later, alligator wounds but good. After examination, the crocodile body does not pathogenic bacteria. Could crocodile particularly good resistance? Scientists have done a an experiment. Experiment Scientists extracted from the body of a crocodile alligator serum. They did, there may play a role in the crocodile's blood. They want to prove yourself guess is correct, then put the alligator serum and only appeared 50 years, people have a lot of damage on staphylococci in a sealed container, observed over a period of time to come - a fierce war started ...... Scientists came back, took a look at the container, crocodile serum defeated aureus. Containers middle circle is obvious crocodile serum prohibit the formation of bacteria growing areas, as long as staphylococcus one into the circle, they will be immediately killed the crocodile serum (out that a small dot is a staph). Did not expect to be able to overcome a sudden crocodile serum aureus, which is a very good reason crocodile resistance.
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Specific information
If the trial is successful, the alligator serum proteins extracted from the tire will be the history of the most powerful antibiotics, or even to fight AIDS. Bite out of titanium bactericidal proteins Think of this idea is a "outsider," female television reporter volts Lurton Smith, a man with no intersection medicine. She was ordered to shoot an alligator living habits relates to a television. During the filming process, the Volt Lurton Smith, found that alligator biting each other often scarred. East a West a wound, if the change in the human body, do not know how many times amputation. However, these heinous because these guys never trauma and infection. Seem, their immune system is very powerful, can be quickly destroyed invading viruses, bacteria and other microbial contamination. Volt Lurton Smith, which must consider the mystery, so will this idea to a young crocodile experts. So the two of them braved the big risk, got some crocodile blood (this is not an easy job, first caught crocodiles strapped claws, and then from the back of the head of a crocodile veins pumping a tubes of blood), and these blood sent to U.S. experts ask them to help analyze. Soon, American researchers isolated from the blood of the crocodile a peptide, the peptide can destroy the bacterial cell membrane, destruction of bacterial amino acid chain. Tests they found a large crocodile tip protein can kill most types of viruses, including terror-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (abbreviated MRSA). At this point, it is necessary to explain what is meant resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In fact, the bacteria in our skin and the nasal cavity has some number. Body weaker, when this bacteria will take the opportunity to go to the blood vessels, damaged muscles. Now they too abuse of antibiotics, bacteria prone to drug resistance, then they become M RSA. Early symptoms of the disease are similar to insect bites, is not easy to diagnose. Last year in the United States spread rapidly among high school, resulting in a considerable degree of panic. This time, the scientists extracted from alligator blood proteins can eradicate the most threatening to humans resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, in the test also found that this protein extract may be for eight different types of candida albicans. Candida albicans is a yeast, immunocompromised people vulnerable to infection. HIV kills with alligator serum In fact, the American alligator blood protein extracts at least four components of the unknown. Scientists are working to determine the chemical structure of protein extracts. Once the chemical structure determined, scientists can create a super-antibiotic drugs. These drugs will be in the next 7-10 years on the shelves. Mark biochemist Michael Zahn has been committed to the crocodile characteristics of antibiosis. He said: "One day, you may be receiving treatment for one kind of crocodile blood products I estimate, made with crocodile blood fat may be used for diabetic foot ulcers, or to prevent postoperative infection in burn patients and so on." But He also acknowledged that because of the crocodile's immune system may power for humans too strong, you need to accept and in physical strength to adult can. After a period of time on the crocodile immune system super study, scientists found that alligator blood proteins are also HIV killer. Australian scientist Adam Bristol, said: "If you take a test tube of HIV virus, compared to adding alligator serum and human serum after the results can be found, killed by crocodile serum H IV virus much more than human serum." Crocodile way to deal with the HIV virus and the human immune system as soon as the invasion of the virus a frontal attack differently. Crocodile immune system antibodies will attach to bacteria above, after the collapse of the bacterium divides, like taking a gun to the head of the bacteria fatal blow. It seems this time, we give a PL power of the crocodile in mind. After all, compared to crocodile skin used to make leather shoes, crocodile protein can eliminate MRSA antibiotics, but most of the credit for it. History of human development and, indeed, with a variety of human diseases tenacious struggle of history. From the ceiling to the plague, from diabetes to AIDS. Countless human experience pain and suffering, while also looking forward to their own way. In fact, nature has given us, "Pandora's box", it is also to give our side of the "antidote." Nature worked so delicate, so cinchona tree grown in South America, often made of malaria; let Populus grown in the vast desert. Chinese traditional medicine herbs are mostly taken from nature - centipedes, scorpions, angelica, astragalus and so on. Advances of modern medicine, so people can more advanced means more pure extract from plants and animals useful substances. But how many people know that this can provide AIDS treatment for human blood crocodiles, already belongs to endangered wildlife? The only desert Populus species has also been a large number of disappeared on Earth every minute in both plants and animals become extinct. Perhaps among them and crocodile-like plants and animals can help humans. When the Earth's animals, plants, and all of a fall, the last one will be a fallen humanity itself. Once upon a time, we feel that "protection of flora and fauna is to protect human beings themselves," This sentence is vague. However, when informed, and their daily lives are not very close crocodile, even to help people treat infectious diseases and AIDS, I believe most people do not think crocodiles are kind of ugly animals, really ugly is the destruction of plant and animal life environment, humanity itself.
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Summary
Alligator serum to fight against many viruses. In fact, the protection of animals, but also in protecting ourselves.
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Namesake brand
Brand: In the international market, many apparel brands, will be a first mouth of the crocodile embroidered on the left chest of the jacket clothing most striking, though its price is not cheap, but quite in demand, it is marketing the world's 80 countries and annual sales of about 2500 million _set_s (pieces). The early 30s of last century, the French tennis star RENE · LACOSTE with tenacity and superb playing balls, at an international tournament to beat American player was dominating the world, for the first time made this project the French crown. LACOSTE outstanding performance and success, so full of French people a sense of national frenzy like worship. LACOSTE on the court to "like crocodile-like bite and hold," the indomitable spirit of the beat, people have to worship him letters with "crocodile" nickname. LACOSTE accustomed in the arena wearing a "mesh weave" of sportswear, but also those admirers as his costumes to emulate the target. 1933, LACOSTE quit sports. He will be regarded as public worship of his entrepreneurial opportunity, decided to _set_ up LACOSTE company to "Crocodile" as a trademark, embroidered in the "mesh weave" sportswear on the market for mass production. Products listed in front, he was defeated American tennis player of their photos to advertise. Due to the "longing for success", "star worship" the psychological impact of this garment a listing, people will rush to buy. Crocodile brand sports apparel can be popular in France, I was not entirely LACOSTE fame. He knew that by "fame" can not be sustained, he was determined to make a fuss about the product itself. First of all, with his own long experience in sports, athletes wear clothing that must be absorbent ability, robust scalability, soft and comfortable, so that athletes in strenuous exercise in unbridled sense. He sought the advice of textile experts and engineers decided to use the best cotton, and patented "double eyes special knitting method," woven into the entire process of production and very scientific, either hand or machine wash will not deform or discolor . The trick to make the brand became louder. LACOSTE realized that one kind of clothing worn only by athletes, then selling is extremely limited, from the founding day, the company is looking at a number of admirers. His firm put into mass production before the attack on the initiative, with ten troops, do bird dog hunting, bees find fancy business work. He sportswear extended to men, women and children alike dress, a so-called "family series." In the marketing tactics, to take a variety of channels, smooth flow of goods at home and abroad to establish an extensive sales network, forming a comprehensive marketing strategy.
