Means the individual has the embryo during development of the plants, including bryophytes, ferns and seed plants. Generally have stems, leaves and differentiation of cells from the genitals more. The old smaller range of higher plants, refers only to seed plants.
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No. 2
高等植物
高等植物
高等植物
Bryophytes, ferns and seed plants collectively. Form on roots, stems, leaves differentiation, also known as plant stems and leaves the body. Construction on the organized differentiation, multicellular reproductive organs, zygotic embryo development in the mother's body, it is also known as a germ plants. Moss into higher plants, ferns and seed plants door door Asexual generation of sporophytes formed from the fertilized egg by the embryo development. Sporophyte from the spore capsule, the capsule consists of three parts handles and foot, foot stretching gametophyte nutrients, enough with the spore capsule capsule handle some links supporting role, spore capsule by the spore mother cells in meiosis and a general division the formation of spores. Because asexual generation plants produce spores, it is called the sporophyte. Germination of spores in soil fall into protonema and then grow into new gametophytes. The sexual and asexual generations of the phenomenon known as alternation of generations alternation of generations. Gametophytes of bryophytes with rhizoids, stem and leaf differentiation, to Camp independent living, life and long periods, while the sporophytes parasitic on gametophytes, the life time is short, so the moss plant is gametophyte dominant. This situation, in adapting to the land than the sporophyte growth and lush ferns and seed the dominant plants is much less. Bryophytes are present for medicinal. To money marchantia po1ymorphalinn. , Whole plant to heat and detoxifying, swelling and pain, tissue regeneration and stop bleeding; big leaf moss rhodbryumroseumlimp., Whole plant can soothe the nerves calm, cure palpitation, palpitations, heart disease and nervous breakdown. Pteridophyta: is a vascular and propagated by spore plants. Terrestrial or epiphytic, rarely aquatic. Mostly perennial herbs, but many of the ancient tall woody plants. Sporophyte developed, with the roots, stems and leaves. Degraded into a small gametophyte prothallus with rhizoids, and more independent living camp. Stems mostly rhizome, only a few erect or prostrate. Rhizome scales often with scales or hair, a native of the internal structure of a column, such as pine needles fern genera (Pinus pleione is, psi1otum); weaving in the column, such as Lycopodium genus (lycopodium), tubular in shape and mesh in the column, such as the true fern Gang plants. Leaves have small leaves and large leaf types. Those small leaf, Ye-shaped, stem and leaves more developed, such as Dan Songgang and wood thieves classes of plants, large leaf are large leaves shaped, or split into single leaf pinna, such as the Gang of fern plants, vein isolation or association, separated by a fork-shaped, fan-shaped or pinnate veins; links are often woven into all kinds of mesh. Some species, part of the blade completely hidden sori of birth, known as the fertile spores leaves or leaves, while the other part of the leaf is not the students sori, known as vegetative leaves or sterile leaves. Sporangia often _set_ generation sori (heap). Sori of the students in different ways, the original type of specialization was born in Acremonium spores from leaf-shaped or cone-shaped ear ear sporangia, the type of evolution of the way: Edge Health sori, that spores capsule group was born in the pinna of the edge of the apical sori, born pinna to the top; clock terminal sori of Health, was born in veinlets apex, dorsal vein sori Health, the Department was born in the central veins, points students Sori, the Department of pockets formed at the pinna was born, there are also those who covered the dorsal. Sori there were a cap, there were no cover. Sori round, kidney-shaped, bar and other shapes. Sporangium wall has several layers of cells (thick capsule fern subclass) or a layer of cells, (thin capsule fern subclass)) sporangium wall cells, some cells are often uneven thickening of the cell wall, they arranged strips, called ring. Ring with the top students, and horizontal central, oblique, longitudinal and other types. Both sides of the shape of spore shape, surrounded by shaped, spherical shape and so on all sides. Most types of spores is a type, a small number of species are shaped (eg, Selaginella), that is, large and small spores of the points. About 12,000 fern species, there are about 2,600 species of medicinal plants more. Seed plant doors: It is the most evolved plant kingdom and the most luxuriant groups. Sporophyte with a more developed, propagated by seed. Plant types of trees, shrubs, woody vines, herbs and so on. Roots, stems and leaves are developed. The internal structure of a more comprehensive transporting beam, evolved from the tracheid catheter, evolved from the sieve and sieve cells with companion cell. Column in the column as true or scattered in the column. The type and structure of reproductive organs is also very complex. Proliferate to form cones, or flowers, cones or fruit, and seeds. They have a stable and significant features, is an important basis for classification. Gametophyte is very small, only appears when in flower, parasitic on the sporophyte. Eggs absorb nutrients embryogenic endosperm, and then develop into seeds, seed plants mature before Tuoli the original, it is more adapted to terrestrial growth. Ovule of seed plants (equivalent to a large fern sporangia) are born naked as gymnosperms, ovules in the ovary wall within the package is known as angiosperms. Species of the plant by the ancient ferns evolved with. And morphology of their reproductive organs are closely linked, but the different terminology used.
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Overview
高等植物 概述
Bryophytes, ferns and seed plants collectively. Form on roots, stems, leaves differentiation, also known as plant stems and leaves the body. Construction on the organized differentiation, multicellular reproductive organs, zygotic embryo development in the mother's body, it is also known as a germ plants. Moss into higher plants, ferns and seed plants door door
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Moss
高等植物 苔藓植物门
Species, distribution of about 23,000 species. Moss is usually divided into classes (Hepati-cae) and moss Programme (Musci) Two Programs. Recent years, many scholars advocate the angle of moss in the separation of classes from the moss, moss _set_ angle Programme (Anthocerotae), with moss and moss Gang Gang tied. All over the world, most grow in damp environments, such as the forest soil surface, trees, branches, swamps and water stream, shady corner at the other, especially a luxuriant growth of forest areas, often gathered into a film. Of about 2800 kinds. Moss species are customary gourd (Funaria), Marchantia (Marchantia), peat moss (Sphagnum) and so on. Plants small, usually only a few centimeters high. Born in damp environment. Although the roots, stems, leaves the differentiation, but its roots are from a single cell or cells which rhizoids, stem and leaf differentiation, although significant, but only transporting cell differentiation, but not vascular, and in the column. Life cycle, gametophyte dominant. Sexual generation of plants called gametophytes that we see with rhizoids, stems, leaves the plant. Formed in the gametophyte or possessing archegonia fine control, produced in archegonia female gametes (eggs), produced in the possession of fine control male gametes (sperm), sperm have flagella and can swim in the water. Because the plant produces gametes during the, so called the gametophyte plant, this generation is sexual generation. Asexual generation of sporophytes formed from the fertilized egg by the embryo development. Sporophyte from the spore capsule, the capsule consists of three parts handles and foot, foot stretching gametophyte nutrients, enough with the spore capsule capsule handle some links supporting role, spore capsule by the spore mother cells in meiosis and a general division the formation of spores. Because asexual generation plants produce spores, it is called the sporophyte. Germination of spores in soil fall into protonema and then grow into new gametophytes. The sexual and asexual generations of the phenomenon known as alternation of generations alternation of generations. Gametophytes of bryophytes with rhizoids, stem and leaf differentiation, to Camp independent living, life and long periods, while the sporophytes parasitic on gametophytes, the life time is short, so the moss plant is gametophyte dominant. This situation, in adapting to the land than the sporophyte growth and lush ferns and seed the dominant plants is much less. In nature, role and economic significance of bryophytes moraine of sand, desert, tundra, and bare rock, one group of plants first appeared. They grow in the course of acid secretion, the slow dissolution of rock and debris after the death of the continuous accumulation, longstanding, helping soil formation on the rocks for the survival of other plants, provided the conditions. It is known as the pioneer of the plant kingdom. Bryophytes has strong features to adapt to wet, especially peat moss, wet original moss, moss and other types of large marshland, and lakes, swamps have an impact on forest succession. When moss clusters covering the soil, rocks, trees and fallen leaves layer in maintaining soil moisture, prevent soil erosion have a certain significance. Some species can be directly used in medicine. If there is heat sepsis Polytrichum role, and its extract on Staphylococcus aureus and inhibition of cancer cells, peat moss decoction can stop bleeding, to money to Taming biliary hepatitis and tuberculosis. In agriculture and horticulture, the use of peat moss and other green as fresh or preserved flowers, nursery stock, fresh fruit and vegetables, transport materials and types of packages covering the bed. By the formation of Sphagnum peat, etc., can be used as fuel and fertilizer. Our researchers study has identified 38 mosses as gall aphid hosts, can be used as an important industrial raw materials development and expansion of gall production resources. Because of atmospheric pollutants in moss sensitive than other higher plants, distribution and wide-ranging, and easily survived artificial cultivation, it can be used for air pollution indicator plants. 60 years since the 20th century, has been made by transplantation of bryophytes or measuring device, regular sentinel surveillance of air pollution.
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Pteridophyta
高等植物 蕨类植物门
Is a vascular and propagated by spore plants. Terrestrial or epiphytic, rarely aquatic. Mostly perennial herbs, but many of the ancient tall woody plants. Sporophyte developed, with the roots, stems and leaves. Degraded into a small gametophyte prothallus with rhizoids, and more independent living camp. Stems mostly rhizome, only a few erect or prostrate. Rhizome scales often with scales or hair, a native of the internal structure of a column, such as pine needles fern genera (Pinus pleione is, Psi1otum); weaving in the column, such as Lycopodium genus (LYcopodium), tubular in shape and mesh in the column, such as the true fern Gang plants. Leaves have small leaves and large leaf types. Those small leaf, Ye-shaped, stem and leaves more developed, such as Dan Songgang and wood thieves classes of plants, large leaf are large leaves shaped, or split into single leaf pinna, such as the Gang of fern plants, vein isolation or association, separated by a fork-shaped, fan-shaped or pinnate veins; links are often woven into all kinds of mesh. Some species, part of the blade completely hidden sori of birth, known as the fertile spores leaves or leaves, while the other part of the leaf is not the students sori, known as vegetative leaves or sterile leaves. Sporangia often _set_ generation sori (heap). Sori of the students in different ways, the original type of specialization was born in Acremonium spores from leaf-shaped or cone-shaped ear ear sporangia, the type of evolution of the way: Edge Health sori, that spores capsule group was born in the pinna of the edge of the apical sori, born pinna to the top; clock terminal sori of Health, was born in veinlets apex, dorsal vein sori Health, the Department was born in the central veins, points students Sori, the Department of pockets formed at the pinna was born, there are also those who covered the dorsal. Sori there were a cap, there were no cover. Sori round, kidney-shaped, bar and other shapes. Sporangium wall has several layers of cells (thick capsule fern subclass) or a layer of cells, (thin capsule fern subclass)) sporangium wall cells, some cells are often uneven thickening of the cell wall, they arranged strips, called ring. Ring with the top students, and horizontal central, oblique, longitudinal and other types. Living ferns response to external environmental conditions, highly sensitive, and many species can be used as indicator plants. Such as Selaginella, Shiwei, maidenhair fern is a calcium soil indicator plants, Woodwardia, Dicranopteris linearis, Lycopodium and other acidic soil indicator plants, ferns Alsophila genus and to the growth of the ear, indicating that tropical and subtropical climate. Green fern leaves, strange form of elegance, often in the garden, greenhouse, or made into bonsai, with high ornamental value.
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Seed plant doors
Is the plant kingdom's most evolved and most luxuriant groups. Sporophyte with a more developed, propagated by seed. Plant types of trees, shrubs, woody vines, herbs and so on. Roots, stems and leaves are developed. The internal structure of a more comprehensive transporting beam, evolved from the tracheid catheter, evolved from the sieve and sieve cells with companion cell. Column in the column as true or scattered in the column. Species of the plant by the ancient ferns evolved with. And morphology of their reproductive organs are closely linked, but the different terminology used. (Engler (H. G. A. Engler) to gymnosperms, angiosperms, have vascular plant known as a germ; contrast to moss, fern known as a germ-free control plants. But the name is not popular. )
bryophyta