Highland climate (plateau climate) is formed under conditions of high altitude climate. Global mid-latitudes and low latitudes famous plateau, China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Inner Mongolian Plateau and the Loess Plateau, western United States, Plateau, Plateau and the East African highlands of Bolivia in South America and so on. Because of their geographical location, land and sea environment, altitude, and altitude differences in morphology, climate is also different.
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The general characteristics of the plateau climate
First, the hypobaric hypoxia Second, the cold and dry As the altitude increases the temperature gradually decreased, generally every 1000 meters, temperatures drop by about 1 ℃, and even in some areas can be reduced for every 150 m rise 1 ℃. Most parts of the plateau of thin air, dry and few clouds, a large number of receivers on the ground during the day and solar radiation energy, surface layer temperature rose rapidly in the evening, the ground heat fast, the ground temperature dropped drastically. Therefore, the plateau of the day's maximum temperature and minimum temperature difference between the large, sometimes within one day, gone through cold and heat, Baitian Lie at the sky, and sometimes temperatures as high as 20 ~ 30 ℃, and sometimes at night and early morning temperatures can fall below 0 ℃, This is also a major feature of the plateau climate. Because the plateau down the atmosphere, water vapor pressure is also low, moisture in the air increases with decreasing altitude, so the higher the altitude the climate the more dry. Altitude wind speed, surface moisture loss was higher than the plain, especially in labor or vigorous activity to accelerate and deepen breathing water shed sweat even more. High altitude and cold and because of factors such as diuretic, so that the body water content decreased, resulting in respiratory tract mucosa and systemic exceptionally dry skin, reduce the defense capabilities, prone to pharyngitis, dry cough, nose bleeds and chapped hand, foot and so on. Third, long sunshine hours, solar radiation intensity Altitude thin air cleaning, dust and water vapor content of less than the plains of atmospheric transparency, high transmittance of solar radiation increases with altitude, strong UV and solar radiation are mainly exposed skin, eyes prone to injury, skin lesions manifested as sunburn, edema, pigmentation, skin thickening and wrinkle formation increased. Highland areas of strong sunlight UV radiation can trigger an acute eye injuries, mainly caused by acute keratitis, cataracts, vision impairment and snow blindness disease. Fourth, other factors Often caused by high altitude decreased gastric peristalsis, saliva, intestinal fluid and bile secretion decreased, loss of appetite, poor digestion and absorption.
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Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at 4,000 meters above the average height, a very large area, more prominent features of the plateau climate. The main features of the plateau climate are: ① the small thickness of the plateau on the atmospheric, water, gas and other less content, so the intensity of radiation, UV radiation intensity increases more. In most areas of the Tibetan Plateau than radiation of about the same latitude in eastern China is 1 times. Meanwhile, a large plateau effective radiation, radiation balance so small. ② obvious diurnal variation of the temperature plateau. Daily temperature changes of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in eastern China is about more than 1 to 2 times higher. ③ the edge of the plateau facing the sea air is wet zone, while the plateau and back on the edge of the ocean air low rainfall. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau south of Cherrapunji (India) the average annual rainfall of 11,429 mm, while the hinterland of the plateau, west, north of precipitation less than 100 mm. ④ the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the surrounding surface temperature change with height in the free atmosphere is different from the winter and summer temperature gradient direction of a difference, hence the plateau monsoon phenomenon exists.
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Loess Plateau
Generally west Loess Plateau Mountains, the east Taihang Mountains, north of the Great Wall. South Mountain, across the Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other six provinces. Climatic, can be summarized as: low rainfall, the rainy season is short, a longer dry season, wet and dry seasons significantly; sunlight sufficient, and more sunshine hours, frost-free period is longer, the heat conditions are favorable; more wind in winter and spring, dry winter and spring drought are quite obvious. The annual rainfall in the Loess Plateau is generally between 300 to 600 mm, annual rainfall in some areas up to 800 ~ 1000 mm. Rainfall concentrated in summer, concentrated in July and August, relatively short rainy season, dry and relatively long dry period. Because rainfall mostly concentrated in summer, heavy rains in the summer rainfall in the chances of relatively more, and often accompanied by heavy rain and hail, so it was rainy summer, more than a hail climate characteristics of the Loess Plateau. Torrential rainstorms caused flash floods and soil and water is often a huge loss; strong hail and often destroy large areas of crops. Loess Plateau on the interannual variability of rainfall with large differences, the characteristics of instability, wet years, rainfall higher rainfall than the drier years three to four times until three or four times, for example, Taiyuan, there were only 50 mm of dry, wet the of up to 700 mm; Shanxian drier the only 20 mm of annual rainfall of 700 mm. This disparity in rainfall change in the formation of droughts and floods easily. Loess Plateau, the rainfall much, and mostly concentrated in the summer, so less goes on the Loess Plateau, sunny days and more sunshine for a long time, sufficient sunlight, heat conditions are good. Generally around the annual sunshine hours between 2000 to 3000, increased gradually from south to north. Lighting conditions with a more adequate calories and rich resources for the thermophilic and the development of hi-positive plants provides a good climatic conditions and vast development world. Loess Plateau, due to sufficient sunlight, heat conditions are favorable, coupled with more wind in winter and spring, evaporation generally more intense, dry winter, spring drought phenomenon more obvious behave accordingly. According to calculations, the plateau and to the potential evapotranspiration are generally more than the actual precipitation, and also showed gradual increase from south to north features. In the northern part of the Loess Plateau, along the Great Wall line of Salt Pond, will be over, Yokoyama area, due to high heat, sunshine hours and more, less precipitation, wind speed, humidity low because the whole of the Loess Plateau, the most intense in evaporation, but also Plateau dry winter, spring drought was most noticeable in the region.
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Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
Guizhou Plateau and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the general term of Yunnan Plateau, including the Guizhou province, Yunnan Province, east of sorrow, Laoshan, northern Guangxi and Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan border area, altitude 1000 to 2000 meters, similar to the Northwest Loess Plateau. But the Guizhou Plateau and the Yunnan plateau and the natural landscape in the climate characteristics there is still a feature of incomplete. Guizhou Plateau Guizhou Plateau climate characteristics, can be summarized as: a more abundant rainfall, mild rain, more rain days throughout the year and more clouds, less sunshine, humid climate, the temperature moderate annual variation, with winter and cool in summer and a sense of relief. Throughout Guizhou Plateau, the annual rainfall than the western Weining, Hezhang, Bijie slightly less, about 900 to 1,000 millimeters, the other areas are typically about 1000 to 1250 mm, between the small changes year to year, rainfall is more abundant and stable, the climate is relatively humid, Guizhou plateau in the number of rainy days is generally about 170 to 180 days, Guiyang, the number of rainy days in most of 1929, as high as 259 days. Guizhou plateau, regardless of which area, and regardless of the year which month, rain days are generally in more than 10 days, a fact that reflects the general multi-Guizhou Plateau in the general climatic characteristics of wet weather. Guizhou Plateau and more clouds, more cloudy, rainy day, so much less than normal sunshine, Guizhou Plateau of annual sunshine hours, usually about an hour in 1200 to 1400, only about half of the Loess Plateau, the average daily duration of sunshine only 4 hours , annual sunshine hours from the point of view, Guizhou Plateau is one of the country the least, that is its climate on a deficiency. Guizhou Plateau in the sunshine, though small, but the heat is still relatively favorable conditions, to frost-free period, the western plateau slightly shorter, about 225 days, other areas are typically 270 days or more, the heat conditions in the southern plateau of the best areas where up to 335 days or more, almost all year round growing season. Most areas on the plateau, the annual average temperature between 15 to 20 degrees Celsius in winter the average temperature in January is generally more than 6 degrees Celsius, in the southern higher than in the 7 to 8 degrees Celsius in summer the average temperature in July is usually 14 ~ 26 degrees Celsius, in general, Guizhou Plateau warmer winter weather, cooler in summer. Yunnan Plateau In Yunnan Province, to Ailaoshan community, things can be divided into two parts, the west Ailao famous mountain range for our area, the east is the Yunnan Plateau Ailaoshan. Yunnan plateau topography, from north to south and from west to east gradually reduced, the central plateau the altitude of about 2000 meters in general, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, plus the geographical south, the lower latitude, it belongs to the subtropical plateau. Favorable climatic conditions in Yunnan Plateau strange but it's southerly latitude, it has the characteristics of low latitude subtropical climate, but its higher altitude, and it is not entirely the same in the subtropical climate. Altitude and altitude of the terrain, much of the rich natural landscape of Yunnan and its climatic conditions, the unique climate of the Yunnan Plateau, and another features. From the temperature characteristic for most parts of Yunnan Plateau, the total can be said: no Kushu summer, winter cold, suitable temperature, Taiwan spring seasons, the year marked not tell the changing seasons. Kunming in China's climate has always been enjoyed in more Spring City's reputation. The average temperature on the plateau between roughly 15-22 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in April than in October generally high, which means that spring temperature higher than the autumn temperature, sunny weather in spring and autumn, and more rain. Characteristics than the precipitation for most parts of Yunnan Plateau, in the year but also impossible to separate clearly the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, and tom classified as dry and wet two seasons, each year from November to the second year in April is the dry season, from May to October is wet season. May rainfall per cent more rainfall than in April 3 to 10 times, while the rainfall in October than November 3 per cent more rainfall are about 10 times, hence April is "dry-season" in May is the "wet season head", October is the "wet-season", November is the "dry season head" argument. Yunnan Plateau began in May each year into the wet season, six months from May to October wet season. Yunnan localities in rainfall, rainy days and cloudy days as compared to the dry season months (November to April) was significantly increased. Such as Kunming, wet season rainfall of 980.4 mm, rainy day is 98 days, cloudy days is 114 days, sunny days only 16 days, while the dry season rainfall is 109.8 mm, the rain date is 25 days, cloudy days only 31 days, sunny number of days is 97 days. Yunnan Plateau is basically half of the wet season, six months dry season. Dry and wet climate on a seasonal difference is clearly our winter and summer retreat result of changes in the wind.