ancient toponomy : education of geography > Maling Tomb
Contents
Old names
  Ancient names. Wei in the Spring and Autumn. Hebei name in this southeast. BC 584 Jinjing Gong and vassal to the league here. Warring States is a homogeneous, BC 341 to Sun Bin Qi of Wei Pang Juan ambush kill this. "Spring into the public seven years": "Aug Wuchen, allies in the Maling." Du Yu Note: "Ma Lin, Wei land." "Warring States Chu policy a": "Fu Niu Lanna things, Ma Tomb of the difficulty, the king of my own eyes too. "Bao Biao Note:" Three years of Wei, Qi Wei Ma Ling broken. "Songmei Yao Chen" Old Willow "Poem:" Fly Ting mark is still white, as cut Maling Pang. "" wake up stone drunk, "the 10th back:" Maling million crossbow V, induced by lesions Crazy. "See," Maling book tree. "
Translated by Google
No. 2
  地名 因“马陵之战”而闻名
  桂陵之战后,魏国虽元气大伤,但经过几年的休整后,魏国逐渐开始恢复对外进攻。公元前341年,魏国再次发兵进攻韩国,韩国向齐国求援。齐威王采用孙膑“深结韩之亲而晚承魏之弊”的主张,与韩结好却不急于发兵。待韩军五战五败,魏军也实力大损时,才于次年以田忌为主将,孙膑为军师,发兵救韩。齐军重施“围魏救赵“的战法,直驱魏都大梁。魏惠王像上次一样将攻韩的部队召回,以太子申为主将,庞涓为将军,率兵10万迎击齐军。
  此次形势不同于桂陵之战,魏军是有备而来,气势旺盛。故孙膑决定因势利导,利用魏军求胜心切的弱点,诱敌冒进,再图取胜。齐军前锋与魏军稍一接触,即佯装怯战,掉头东撤。在撤退途中,有意造成军力不断削弱的假相。第一天造了10万人吃饭的锅灶,第二天减为5万人用的锅灶,第三天则只剩下3万人用的锅灶了。庞涓与孙膑交手,本来小心翼翼,害怕再次上当,但当看到齐军锅灶日减,以为齐军胆怯,三天中即逃亡了大半,这才壮起胆子,丢下辎重和步兵,只领轻车锐骑日夜兼程猛追,必欲全歼齐军,擒获孙膑。
  齐军退至马陵(今河南范县西南),此地道路狭窄,地势险隘,两旁树木茂盛,是个设伏的好地方。孙膑计算行程,判断魏军将于日落后追至,遂命士卒伐木堵路,并将路边一棵大树剥去树皮,在树干上写了“庞涓死于此树之下”8个大字。挑选一万名弓弩手埋伏在道路两侧的山上,约定天黑后,见到火光就一齐放箭。
  日暮时分,庞涓果然率军追到马陵,发现路旁的大树被剥去树皮,上面隐隐约约写有字,就命士卒点起火把来看,待他看清树上字后,这才发现中计,急令部队撤退。但已经晚了,两旁齐军看见火光,万弩齐发,伏兵四起。魏军措不及防,仓促应战,很快溃败,庞涓中箭,左突右冲无法突出重围,最后愤愧自杀。齐军乘胜追击,又大败魏军主力,俘获魏军主将太子申,歼灭魏军10万。
  桂陵和马陵之战后,魏国一蹶不振,齐国则声威鹊起,称霸中原,孙膑亦名扬天下。孙膑“围魏救赵”和“示假隐真”的战法,成为中国军事史上的经典之作,为后世兵家广泛推崇。
Thesaurus
Maling Village
Malingjuweihui, Maling Tomb Community