Perennial herbs. Underground with rhizomes. Leaves basal, heart-shaped oval. Summer pumping spadix, outside the funnel-shaped spathe, white or milk color, shape of corolla, quite beautiful. Cultivated for ornamental. Tie Ning "Er": "the lid has two white calla."
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No. 2
马蹄莲
English name: zantedeschia aethiopica spreng. About Calla alias arrowhead flowers, calla, flower bulbs are Araceae, Calla is for one flower in recent years, emerging as the market demand for cut flowers large, bright future. As the calla lily leaf green, bud huge white sheet, like a horseshoe, oddly shaped, is home to an important cut flowers, use is widespread. Florid Calla: noble, noble, love, holiness piety, immaculate, elegant, proud, faithful, forever, hope, purity and Morphology Perennial herb. With hypertrophy fleshy tubers, plant height about 70 cm. Leaves cauline, with long-handled, usually for the leaf petiole length 2 times the upper edge with the lower part was sheath-like fold amplexicaul; arrow-shaped leaves ovate, entire, bright green. Pedicel of the leaves next above the foliage, spadix concealed in the spathe, the Buddha bag-shaped flame, open horseshoe; spadix cylindrical, bright yellow, flower stamens top students, lower health pistil. Fleshy fruit, including the Buddha flame package; natural flowering the following year from November until June, the flowering of 6 -7 months, and is in the season with flowers, where the climatic conditions suitable to receive the seed, are generally very few mature fruits. Habits South African origin, often born in the river side or on the swamp. Likes the warm weather, not cold, not heat, growth temperature for about 20 ℃, 0 ℃ cold when the roots will die. Need plenty of winter sunshine, low light with less to spend, a little shade. Hot summer sun is too strong for shade when appropriate. Hi humid, not too little water affect the growth, but intolerant of drought. Hi loose fertile, humus-rich loam. The period of dormancy vary with the region. In China the Yangtze River and the northern culture, should be moved into the greenhouse in winter, winter and spring flowering, summer dormancy due to drought and high temperatures; and not cold in winter, hot summer quit subtropical regions throughout the year without sleep. Variety: Propagation and cultivation: (1) breeding to reproduce the main ball. Plants into dormancy, the tuber stripped the ball around, be planted. Can also be seed propagation, sowing seeds mature after row basin. Germination optimum temperature around 20 ℃. (2), usually in the autumn planting calla lily plant the ball. Bed planting spacing 25 cm plant spacing of 10 cm. With fertile and slightly clayey soil, such as: 2 parts garden soil can be used, Longkang ash 1, then a little more bone meal or manure; 2 copies can also be crushing pond scum, leaf mold (or compost) 1, amount of superphosphate added decomposition of cow dung and soil preparation. Plant after the casing 3 cm -4 cm thick, about 20 days to emergence. Adequate moisture during the growing season like Calla, and often to the leaves, watering the ground, and pay attention to foliage clean. Topdressing fertilizer once each half. Fertilization even after washing with water immediately to prevent accidents, into the greenhouse before frost, temperature maintained above 10 ℃. In the curing period to avoid leaf lighting effects and more, to go except the leaves, stalks out of this is also beneficial. February-April is the flowering, after flowering, gradually stop watering; May after the plant started turning yellow, you should pay attention to ventilation and keep dry to prevent tuber rot. To be completely dormant plants, the tubers can be removed, dry storage, re-planted in the fall. Calla suitable cultivation techniques in late August to early September planting, to plant is used as a cut flower production, robust roots will be planted in a group of three fertile Tanaka, around New Year's Day flowers that can supply the market. Each large ball potted plants 2-3, 1-2 balls, basin available garden soil plus organic fertilizer. _Set_ half-shade after transplanting, budding rear sun until frost transferred into the greenhouse, maintained at room temperature 10 degrees or more. During the growing season to keep the basin moist, often to the leaves, watering the ground, in order to increase air humidity. Topdressing fertilizer once each half. Before flowering should be subjected to phosphate-based fertilizers, to control leaf growth, promote differentiation, to ensure the quality of flowers. Do not make the fertilizer when the fertilizer into the petiole in order to avoid rot. If too many leaves during the growing season, a few old leaves can be removed externally, to facilitate the stalk out of 2-5 months is lush flowering period. Hot days in late May after the plants began to yellow, stop watering should be gradual, moderate shade, to prevent stagnant water. Plants should be moved to the ventilation, half shade, make the basin on its side, the plot-free water to ensure dry and to promote their sleep. All the yellow leaves can be removed after the bulbs, dry storage in the shade. Fall planting bulbs at the bottom before the re-cultivation of the aging part of the slashing. Large flower ball, the ball can be raised seedlings. Soft rot disease is the major pest. Control methods are removal of diseased plants, with 200 times the formalin disinfection of planting hole; avoid cropping; timely drainage; air should flow; on_set_ of spraying Bordeaux mixture. Insect pests mainly spider. Parathion 3000 available three times control. How to make calla lily cut flowers and more flowers 1, with cultivation with soil to slightly acidic, the main growth in Fertilizers, calla lily hi loose fertile slightly acidic soil. 2, the growth should pay attention to the full flowering watering 3 flowering have plenty of light, 4 light it like a long, ground-promoting bud cut old leaves 5, warm summer shade and winter time harvesting time for picking flowers calla good or bad season and sales of various other factors, usually in the morning. Low winter temperatures slow growth, after picking flowers, it should not be picked too early, spring and summer flowers still in the water after the harvest faster growth, so that immediately after harvesting the internal Style, summer can be taken once each morning and evening. Other flowers can be slightly faster flow of picking, storage is required if picking smaller after picking. For different customers can be picked according to their different requirements and fully meet customer needs. Picking skills in picking technique should be hand picked flowers should be noted that the roots of uprooted flowers vertically upward force, if the upper part is easy to hand pull the flowers off, if the force is too easy to partial damage to plants and even the weak growth potential plants uprooted. Calla lily flower packaging and storage technologies in a timely manner after picking fresh flowers packed storage, generally ten to a bunch of flowers will be ten feet close together with narrow tape head alignment will take the neck. In the central and lower part of the bundle, respectively, to retain the general flowers remaining after removal of the tail 80cm, and each flowers should be noted that the tail should be cut up some of the Ministry in order to facilitate the delivery of water. Flowers should be promptly packaged vertical put in the bucket and store in a cool place, you should keep the water clean and stems should be soaked in 2 / 3 height. The mining cut and fresh cut flowers: Calla spathe has been in the stretch to the maximum curl and open, they can adopt cutting. Mining cut, cut the upper part of each branch are good glass wrap, size graded, boxed listing. Cut flowers fresh cut flowers because of their transport characteristics should be noted that their transport, to avoid damage during transport. Long-distance transport should be about a 20-beam transport unit, install a plastic bag before packing after transport, short for the cost savings can be just a large plastic bag, it should be fastened with tape as one all after bagging transport. Transport process should be flat on the plane above the other items to avoid being crushed and damaged. Calla lily potted plant growing points 1 on the basin should be enough base fertilizer, due in large bulbs next to the left a few lateral buds to increase the density and mosaic ornamental. (2) proper control of water, increase ventilation to keep individual plant spacing to make it beautiful. 3 spacing is finalized to avoid moving flower pots, flower pots and maintained under the soil moist, it will give the flowers and roots through the pot drainage holes below the bottom bar into the soil to grow lush. Transport points potted flowers and potted transport are advised to use small plastic bags, then the entire plant with a newspaper bag rope, to avoid the transport process resulting in dirty mosaic of flowers and stems break, affecting viewing. Loading transport layer can be flat, in order to increase traffic, lower transport costs. Calla lily flowers poisonous, containing a large clean crystals of calcium and herbal alkaloids, eating can cause symptoms such as sleep faint. The map database of plant species in China include toxic plants, the toxicity of tubers, spathe and spadix toxic. Chewing a small piece of tuber can cause the tongue throat swelling. An 8-year-old flower girl was drinking and intoxication, coma 12 hours, 24 hours after recovery.
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Basic information
Latin name: Zantedeschia aethiopica Spreng. English name: Lily of the Nile, Calla lily Alias: arrowhead flowers, calla horse,: Alocasia Section is classified Sector: Flora / Plantae Door: angiosperms door / Magnoliophyta Gang: monocotyledons Gang / Liliopsida Head: Arisaema head or Alisma head / Alismatales Section: Araceae / Araceae Is: calla lily is / Zantedeschia Sub Division: calla Sub-Division / Z. aethiopica Araceae bulbs are flowers, calla lily is, one for the flowers emerging in recent years, as greater demand for cut flowers, a bright future. As the calla lily leaf green, bud huge white sheet, like a horseshoe, oddly shaped, is home to an important cut flowers, use is widespread.
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Distribution of origin
Calla origin of southern African river or swamp. China are located in Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan. Florid Because the version too, so generally compiled a variety of florid: Calla florid: love, holy devotion, eternal, noble, honorable, hope, noble, pure, pure love,: elegant Elegant and beautiful white calla lily, it is the language of flowers "faithful, to tie the knot." Red calla lily symbolizes holiness piety, together forever, good luck, clean, like. Pink calla lily: a symbol of love you for life Beautiful and elegant white calla lily, it's the language of flowers "faithful, to tie the knot."
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Morphology
Perennial herb. Fleshy tuber with a mast, height of about 1-2.50 meters. Leaves cauline, with long-handled, long leaf petiole usually 2 times, with the upper edge, the lower part was sheath-like fold amplexicaul; arrow-shaped leaves ovate, entire, bright green. Pedicel of the leaves next above the foliage, spadix concealed in the spathe, the Buddha bag-shaped flame, open horseshoe; spadix cylindrical, bright yellow, flower stamens top students, lower health pistil. Fleshy fruit, including the Buddha flame package; natural flowering from November until June the following year, the flowering of 6 -7 months, and is in the season with flowers, where the climatic conditions suitable to receive the seed, are generally very few mature fruits. Growth Habit Origin in southern Africa, often born in the river side or on the swamp. Likes the warm weather, not cold, not heat, growth temperature for about 20 ℃, 0 ℃ cold when the roots will die. Need plenty of winter sunshine, low light with less to spend, a little shade. Hot summer sun is too strong for shade when appropriate. Hi humid, not too little water affect the growth, but intolerant of drought. Hi loose fertile, humus-rich loam. The period of dormancy vary with the region. In China the Yangtze River and the northern culture, should be moved into the greenhouse in winter, winter and spring flowering, summer dormancy due to drought and high temperatures; and not cold in winter, hot summer quit subtropical regions throughout the year without sleep.
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Main varieties
Currently there are three common varieties cultivated. (1) White Terrier calla tubers smaller, slower growth. However, early flowering, more flowers, stalks white spathe large and round. (2) red stem calla lily flower stalk at the base slightly flush, flowering stems later in the white calla lily, spathe more round. (3) Qinggeng calla lily tubers thick, vigorous growth, flowering late. Pedicel stout, slightly triangular. Spathe terminal tip and rolled back, yellow-white, compared with the two small size. In addition, there are both commonly cultivated species, such as yellow calla lily: deep yellow, flowering July - the month in winter dormancy; calla lily flowers: dwarf, flowering in June; Silver Star Calla: leaves with white plaques, spathe white or pale yellow, with purple spots at the base, July-August flowering month, winter dormancy; black heart calla: yellow, throat with black spots.
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Propagation and cultivation
(1) breeding to reproduce the main ball. Plants into dormancy, the tuber stripped the ball around, be planted. Can also be seed propagation, sowing seeds mature after row basin. Germination optimum temperature around 20 ℃. Calla suitable cultivation techniques in late August to early September planting, to plant is used as a cut flower production, robust roots will be planted in a group of three fertile Tanaka, around New Year's Day flowers that can supply the market. Each large ball potted plants 2-3, 1-2 balls, basin available garden soil plus organic fertilizer. _Set_ half-shade after transplanting, budding rear sun until frost transferred into the greenhouse, maintained at room temperature 10 degrees or more. During the growing season to keep the basin moist, often to the leaves, watering the ground, in order to increase air humidity. Topdressing fertilizer once each half. Before flowering should be subjected to phosphate-based fertilizers, to control leaf growth, promote differentiation, to ensure the quality of flowers. Do not make the fertilizer when the fertilizer into the petiole in order to avoid rot. If too many leaves during the growing season, a few old leaves can be removed externally, to facilitate the stalk out of 2-5 months is lush flowering period. Hot days in late May after the plants began to yellow, stop watering should be gradual, moderate shade, to prevent stagnant water. Plants should be moved to the ventilation, half shade, make the basin on its side, the plot-free water to ensure dry and to promote their sleep. All the yellow leaves can be removed after the bulbs, dry storage in the shade. Fall planting bulbs at the bottom before the re-cultivation of the aging part of the slashing. Large flower ball, the ball can be raised seedlings. Soft rot disease is the major pest. Control methods are removal of diseased plants, with 200 times the formalin disinfection of planting hole; avoid cropping; timely drainage; air should flow; on_set_ of spraying Bordeaux mixture. Insect pests mainly spider. Parathion 3000 available three times control.
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How to make calla lily cut flowers and more flowers
1, with cultivation with soil to slightly acidic, the main growth in Fertilizers, calla lily hi loose fertile slightly acidic soil. Calla lily 2, the growth should pay attention to the full flowering watering 3 flowering have plenty of light, it is like a long light 4, the ground cut the old leaves bud growth-promoting 5, summer shade and winter warmth calla time picking flowers picking time and sales of quality due to the different seasons and other factors, usually in the morning. Low winter temperatures slow growth, after picking flowers, it should not be picked too early, spring and summer flowers still in the water after the harvest faster growth, so that immediately after harvesting the internal Style, summer can be taken once each morning and evening. Other flowers can be slightly faster flow of picking, storage is required if picking smaller after picking. For different customers can be picked according to their different requirements and fully meet customer needs. Picking skills in picking technique should be hand picked flowers should be noted that the roots of uprooted flowers vertically upward force, if the upper part is easy to hand pull the flowers off, if the force is too easy to partial damage to plants and even the weak growth potential plants uprooted. Calla lily flower packaging and storage technologies in a timely manner after picking fresh flowers packed storage, generally ten to a bunch of flowers will be ten feet close together with narrow tape head alignment will take the neck. In the central and lower part of the bundle, respectively, to retain the general flowers remaining after removal of the tail 80cm, and each flowers should be noted that the tail should be cut up some of the Ministry in order to facilitate the delivery of water. Flowers should be promptly packaged vertical put in the bucket and store in a cool place, you should keep the water clean and stems should be soaked in 2 / 3 height. The mining cut and fresh cut flowers: Calla spathe has been in the stretch to the maximum curl and open, they can adopt cutting. Mining cut, cut the upper part of each branch are good glass wrap, size graded, boxed listing. Cut flowers fresh cut flowers because of their transport characteristics should be noted that their transport, to avoid damage during transport. Long-distance transport should be about a 20-beam transport unit, install a plastic bag before packing after transport, short for the cost savings can be just a large plastic bag, it should be fastened with tape as one all after bagging transport. Transport process should be flat on the plane above the other items to avoid being crushed and damaged. Calla lily potted plant growing points 1 on the basin should be enough base fertilizer, due in large bulbs next to the left a few lateral buds to increase the density and mosaic ornamental. (2) proper control of water, increase ventilation to keep individual plant spacing to make it beautiful. 3 spacing is finalized to avoid moving flower pots, flower pots and maintained under the soil moist, it will give the flowers and roots through the pot drainage holes below the bottom bar into the soil to grow lush. Transport points potted flowers and potted transport are advised to use small plastic bags, then the entire plant with a newspaper bag rope, to avoid the transport process resulting in dirty mosaic of flowers and stems break, affecting viewing. Loading transport layer can be flat, in order to increase traffic, lower transport costs. Calla lily flowers poisonous, containing a large clean crystals of calcium and herbal alkaloids, eating can cause symptoms such as sleep faint. The map database of plant species included in China's toxic calla lily plants, the toxicity of tubers, spathe and spadix toxic. Chewing a small piece of tuber can cause the tongue throat swelling. An 8-year-old flower girl was drinking and intoxication, coma 12 hours, 24 hours after recovery.
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Pest control
Zantedeschia common diseases are bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and pests, the following shall be presented separately. Coli bacterial diseases in Europe: Europe's Disease, also known as soft rot bacteria, is a carrot carrot soft rot Erwinia soft rot caused by pathogenic variant. Infected leaves and stems become dark green, necrotic spots and rot spots, and mucus secretion, and ultimately drained plants. Tubers also began to rot, and odor. When the growth of undesirable plants, the small wound can cause infection. These bacteria can secrete enzymes to dissolve the cell wall and penetrate the plant. If the plants dry, infected plants and its growth should be carefully removed to the soil. Should be noted that those who will be required before planting infected tubers as soon as possible to pick out and disinfected to prevent. Infection of the EU's degree of sensitivity due to differences in different varieties. In general, yellow and orange varieties than white and cream varieties susceptible. The best control method is in cultivation, the plants start to finish to provide an optimal growth environment for their development to ensure uninterrupted manner. Zantedeschia growth environment should meet the following requirements: Provide enough water (do not planted too shallow; when the soil becomes dry and then water); Better soil drainage properties, wet conditions to prevent the occurrence; To avoid the greenhouse temperature, relative humidity, especially when; Plants and tubers by preventing damage (to prevent wind damage to the plants, be careful not to herbicides affect plant growth, harvest and processing operations to be careful); Other fungal diseases and pests to prevent the damage caused. (For example by Pythium or Rhizoctonia damage may be caused by bacteria invade Euclidean provide a port); Do not use too much nitrogen fertilizer, since more than 150 kilograms per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer can easily cause European coli infection. Dried tubers as soon as possible after harvest: harvest time in the first week, then the delay will cause a lot of future losses. Pythium fungal disease: The fungus causes root rot, leading to plant absorption of moisture is limited. Crop rotation and precision irrigation (and drainage) is an important factor in preventing infection. The soil before planting to steam sterilization and treatment with fungicides. Rhizoctonia: The fungus on the plants near the ground at the bud damage. Tolclofos using methyl amide and fluorine to deal with soil bacteria to control. Penicillium: bacteria stored in the tubers can cause infection, resulting in tubers in storage and storage time after the damage, especially when the tubers suffered mechanical damage, storage room relative humidity is too high or calla micro-environment of the air flow is insufficient easy occur. Provide sufficient air flow to prevent the occurrence of the bacteria. Fungicides may also be used for disinfection of the tubers, such as Captan. Botrytis cinerea: flowers and leaves in place. When cultivated in the open air every 10 days with fungicides and insecticides is necessary to prevent. Botrytis cinerea infection on the leaves of almost all the performance for the formation of small spots. In late August or early September, only played once for prevention would have been sufficient. Pests, thrips and aphids on the plants throughout the growth process will cause damage. Parathion in flowers sprayed with twice before, in the cultivation process, every 7-10 days using acephate or deltamethrin for prevention.
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Application value
Landscape value: calla lily flowers beautiful, spring and autumn flowering, single-flowering particularly long, is decorated living room, study a good potted flowers, but also cut flowers, bouquets, flower baskets ideal material. Used as cut flowers, perishable does not emphasize is the gift of gift flowers. Flower in tropical and subtropical regions is a good material. Calla lily flowers in the international market has become one of the important varieties of cut flowers. 1. For cut flowers: Calla cut and fresh cut flowers of mining: the calla lily has spathe to the maximum elongation, curl and open, they can adopt cutting. Mining cut, cut the upper part of each branch are good glass wrap, size graded, boxed listing. Cut flowers fresh cut flowers because of their transport characteristics should be noted that their transport, to avoid damage during transport. Long-distance transport should be about a 20-beam transport unit, install a plastic bag before packing after transport, short for the cost savings can be just a large plastic bag, it should be fastened with tape as one all after bagging transport. Transport process should be flat on the plane above the other items to avoid being crushed and damaged. 2 for the pot: Calla lily potted plant growing points: 1) The basin should be enough base fertilizer, due in large bulbs next to the left a few lateral buds to increase the density and mosaic ornamental. 2) proper control of water, increase ventilation to keep individual plant spacing to make it beautiful. 3) spacing is finalized to avoid moving flower pots, flower pots and maintained under the soil moist, it will give the flowers and roots through the pot drainage holes below the bottom bar into the soil to grow lush. Transport points potted flowers and potted transport are advised to use small plastic bags, then the entire plant with a newspaper bag rope, to avoid the transport process resulting in dirty mosaic of flowers and stems break, affecting viewing. Loading transport layer can be flat, in order to increase traffic, lower transport costs. Medicinal value: Calla lily flowers poisonous, containing calcium crystals and a large number of herbal alkaloids, eating can cause symptoms such as sleep faint. The map database of plant species in China include toxic plants, the toxicity of tubers, spathe and spadix toxic. Chewing a small piece of tuber can cause the tongue throat swelling. An 8-year-old flower girl was drinking and intoxication, coma 12 hours, 24 hours after recovery. Calla lily can be medicinal, clearing and detoxifying effect. Burn treatment, the amount of fresh calla lily tubers, mash topical. Against tetanus in the wound, with calla lily tubers smashed external. Calla toxic, contraindications oral.
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Calla lily - flower culture
Beautiful and elegant white calla lily, it is faithful to the language of flowers, tie the knot. Calla calla elegant, it is the language of flowers is eternal, pure, pure love, representing the noble, honorable, hope, virtuous, pious symbol of holy law, to tie the knot, good luck. Language of flowers, red calla lily clean, like. Symbol of holy piety, together forever, good luck. ★ warning This body of toxic plants, eating a little will cause vomiting, but after cooking can be fed wild boar, cooked leaves can cure mild headache, but the medicine must be used under the guidance of a doctor. QQ farm in calla 18 crops. 64 hours mature, mature 26 hours again. Expected to yield 35, a single price of 62, total revenue is expected to 6510. Gain experience 40. Three quarters of crop
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Flowers 百科
Calla Introduction Calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Families and genera: Araceae Alias: Calla, flower Arrowhead Characteristics: Perennial herb. With underground rhizomes. Leaves basal, heart-shaped oval. Summer pumping spadix, outside the funnel-shaped spathe, white, cream or red, the shape of corolla. Distribution and habits: Origin in southern Africa. Prefer warm, damp, not cold and drought. Night temperature above 15 ℃, good sun, and ability to overcast. Sunny in winter, flowering and more. Hi fat. Yangtze River region, flowering in March-April. Propagation and cultivation: Common ramets and seed propagation. Division propagation Huanpen in early September will take off the mother plant potted plants around the small tubers. Seed propagation, sowing pots in spring, sowing 15 days after germination, seedlings 3-4 years after flowering. To plant, _select_ the fertile rice fields, in early April will be robust Zuoqi tubers planted, fertilize 2 times a growing season, mid-May to the end of June flowering. Plants, after flowering in June, cut yellow leaves, eight months into the period of dormancy, the appropriate shade, stop fertilizing, control of water, when the tubers sprouting new leaves, the choice of mast, tubers separately on the pots, pot types 7-8 a water supply for fertilizer, that is able to bloom around the Spring Festival. Pest: main pests are thrips, scale insects, spider mites, insects and armyworm Zhengye. Diseases of dry rot and soft rot. Thrips 2.5% Deltamethrin spraying 4000 times. Dry rot with a 70% thiophanate WP 2000 times spraying. Application: Calla lily flowers, leaves and taste, spathe white, is an important cut flower varieties for flower arrangements, bouquets and baskets of good material, but also for flower beds and flower diameter arrangement or potted for indoor decoration. Photo:
