【】 Gerbera jamesonii bolus scientific name 【Alias】 Fulang flowers, Dengzhanhua Asteraceae family and genus】 【compositae, asteraceae; Gerbera genus gerbera cass. Gerbera distribution】 【origin South Africa. Main South Africa, a few in Asia. With the progress of the domestic greenhouse technology and foreign technology, the introduction of a new greenhouse, in the amount of cultivation also increased significantly, South, East, Central and other regions Jieyou cultivation. 【】 Gerbera varieties varieties can be divided into three categories: narrow petals, wide petal-type and the Double type. Marlin common are: yellow petals; Lonsdale non: white wide flap; Sea of Sri Lanka: red flower petals wide; Carmen: deep rosy red flower petals wide; Kitty: Rose petals, black heart. Especially the black heart of the current varieties popular. 【】 Gerbera breeding more rapid propagation by tissue culture, propagation method can be applied ramets, each mother plant can be divided into 5 to 6 small strains; seed propagation for dwarf potted cultivars or breeding; can occur in a single bud or lateral bud neck at the base of the short-cut stem. Insensitive to photoperiod, the length of natural sunlight on flower number and flower quality of no effect. Gerbera requires loose and fertile, well drained, humus-rich, deep soil, slightly acidic sandy loam. 【Note】 planting 1, the temperature Application of cultivation facilities, to meet Gerbera seedlings, growing and flowering on temperature requirements, in order to facilitate normal growth and flowering. Outside the southern China region can not be exposed to winter, the need for greenhouse cultivation, the Yangtze River is not available outside the heated greenhouse cultivation. In the summer, to be covered by shade cloth, Ceiling, and opened on both sides of plastic film greenhouse cooling. Winter when the outside night temperature close to 0c, sealed tight plastic film drop, need to shed some additional plastic film cover. Case Qingnuan weather, the southern tip of greenhouse film opened at noon for about an hour ventilation. 2, light Gerbera flowers for the happy light, to be full light in winter, but summer should pay attention to proper shade, and increase ventilation to reduce the temperature and prevent heat induced dormancy 3, the irrigation After planting seedlings should be kept moist and Dunmiao appropriate to promote root development, rapid seedling. Vigorous growth should be maintained to keep water supply of adequate water once every 3-4 days in summer, winter, about two weeks time. Flowering irrigation center to take care not to wet foliage to prevent bud rot. Open field cultivation should pay attention to waterlogging. In addition, irrigation can be combined with fertilization. 4, top dressing Fertilizer for the hi Gerbera flowers, a great demand for fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:18:25. Should pay special attention to add potash fertilizer. Potassium applied per acre generally sold 2.5 kilograms of ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate 1.2 kg, every 5-6 days once in spring and autumn, winter and summer, once every 10 days. If the plant caused by high temperature or low temperature half-sleep state, stop fertilizing. 5, clear Grottoes Gerbera easy to basal and lower leaves yellow foliage aging, should be promptly removed, conducive to new leaves and new flower buds sprouted, and it helps ventilation, and enhance plant growth. 6, pest and disease control 【】 Its huge flowers, ornamental value, flowers upright, beautiful color, water, _insert_ed a long time, cut rate, vase of time up to 15 to 20 days, the cultivation of saving time and labor, one of the world famous top ten cut flowers. Can also be arranged flower beds, flower diameter, or greenhouse as a living room, hall and other decorative display. Whisper】 【gerbera flower gerbera, also known as Fu Lang, a symbol of mutual respect and love, perseverance, brave. Some areas like the celebration of marriage with flowers tied into a bouquet arrangement Fulang new homes. Whichever harmonic means, reflecting the couple love each other meaning. Chrysanthemum-shaped radial Africa, often as the main flower arranging, and more with kidney fern, asparagus fern-phase configuration. It also represents the mystery, excitement, perseverance
Translated by Google
Basic information
非洲菊 基本资料
非洲菊 基本资料
非洲菊 基本资料
非洲菊 基本资料
Gerbera jamesonii Bolus】 【scientific name 【Alias】 Fulang flowers, breviscapus, Cosmos, Persian flowers, thousands of Japanese Ju 【Category】 families and genera Sector: Plantae Plantae Door: Door Magnoliophyta Angiosperms Programme: Dicotyledon Magnoliopsida Head: Asterales Asterales Family: Asteraceae Asteraceae Genus: Gerbera genus Gerbera Cass. 【Form】 Asteraceae is a perennial herb, whole plant with fine hairs, most leaves basal, pinnately lobed, solitary flower heads. Gerbera distribution】 【origin South Africa. Main South Africa, a few in Asia. With the progress of the domestic greenhouse technology and foreign technology, the introduction of a new greenhouse, in the amount of cultivation also increased significantly, South, East, Central and other regions Jieyou cultivation. 【】 Gerbera varieties varieties can be divided into three categories: narrow petals, wide petal-type and the Double type. Marlin common are: yellow petals; Lonsdale non: white wide flap; Sea of Sri Lanka: red flower petals wide; Carmen: deep rosy red flower petals wide; Kitty: Rose petals, black heart. Especially the black heart of the current varieties popular. 【】 Gerbera breeding more rapid propagation by tissue culture, propagation method can be applied ramets, each mother plant can be divided into 5 to 6 small strains; seed propagation for dwarf potted cultivars or breeding; can occur in a single bud or lateral bud neck at the base of the short-cut stem. Insensitive to photoperiod, the length of natural sunlight on flower number and flower quality of no effect. Gerbera requires loose and fertile, well drained, humus-rich, deep soil, slightly acidic sandy loam. However, due to their breeding fast, so were classified as invasive alien species in Guangdong. If you want to be careful consideration of its portable outdoor ah.
Translated by Google
Cultivation Techniques
非洲菊 栽培技术规程
For soil preparation 1, soil tillage and basal: deep plowing before planting time (30-40cm), the fertilizer and manure (composting manure applied per acre 2000kg, 5m3 humus, SSP 65kg, fertilizer 50kg) deep plowing soil fertilized ( 15-25cm). 2, Li entropy: the vicinity of 70-100cm deep open drains (based on water level may be), from 45cm to Takakuro, Qikuan 1.0m, groove width 40cm. 3, soil disinfection: use of formaldehyde and other chemicals, disinfection and Webber mu (tentative) disinfection with 40% of industrial formaldehyde sterilization as an example: dilution of 1%, even spraying the soil, spraying of plastic film sealed soon after the boring cover smoked ,2-3 days after removing film, air-dried soil two weeks after the water spray wash, a few weeks before planting. Based on the use of different disinfectant, and test decisions. Without first planting the soil disinfection. Second, seed _select_ion and planting Seedling _select_ion: _Select_ height 11-15cm ,4-5 true leaves of the seedlings planted. Standard quality seedlings: seedlings robust, glossy dark green leaves, root system, more fibrous roots, white, leaves no spots, insect bites gaps and mechanical damage. Planting time: Anniversary can be planted, but from the perspective of the production and sale of 4-June for the better. Colonization by: 3 rows per plot of species, the Bank of China and the edge line of staggered planting, plant spacing 30cm, 9-10 plants per square meter of planting, each shed more than 1,100 plants can be planted. Planting Methods: 2-3 days before planting, the soil irrigated; planting time in cloudy or sunny in the morning and evening were; shallow planting hole when planting depth, root neck and head exposed on the soil surface 1-1.5cm, otherwise , plants susceptible to fungal diseases, if planted too shallow plants, flowers, or pull out when the plant is easy Larsson; planted irrigated after time. Third, the cultivation and management 1. Small seedling management: 70% after planting with shade net shade 7-10 days until the seedlings survived and then gradually increase the light; through the side of the membrane and the apical membrane of the opening and closing to adjust the day and night temperature, day temperature maintained at 22-25 ℃, night temperature 20-22 ℃, for 1 month; this time with a spray irrigation, watering time in the morning as well. A small hole in the plant next to the control, to indicate the soil moisture, water should not be too dry and too wet, watering frequency of 5 days once, but is not static, according to the soil structure, weather conditions and other specific to be; a day-by- line inspection, removing sick plants in time, fill the robust seedlings. 2. Into a seedling management: about 1 month after planting, gerbera growing season to enter the strong, light shade too strong to be appropriate; temperature adjustment for the night 14-16 ℃, the lowest daytime temperature of 18-25 ℃; every 1 week with 0.1% of the fertilizer (N: P: K as 15:15:15) pouring a second, every 2 weeks with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer spraying 1; spraying broad-spectrum fungicide, 800-1000 times 2-3 times as thiophanate-methyl disease prevention. 3. Management of flowering :3-4 months is in blossom. 1 week every application N: P: K = 12:12:17 of the compound 1. By foliar spraying fertilizer, usually 25 days 1 times, each time with a 0.1-0.2% Ca (NO3) 2.4H2O ,0.1-0 .2% of the chelated iron plus 0.1-0.2% of the borax plus 5-10ppm molybdate alternate spraying foliage with sodium; water using drip irrigation, water principle is "do not quit pouring, pouring the drenched" Remember, the water from the foliage. Shed 80% relative humidity -85%; timely weeding, clearing diseased leaves, dead leaves, pull out diseased plants and use lime to disinfect the soil planting hole; summer flowering, shade and ventilation should pay attention to cooling, winter flowering, attention insulation and heating, and in particular to prevent large temperature difference between day and night in order to reduce the production of abnormal flowers. Fourth, pest and disease control: prevention, integrated control 1, the disease Key control technology: continuous cropping must Wibaux acres and formaldehyde sterilization, use and consumption, see notes; shallow planting, root collar exposed on the surface of 1cm; prevent soil too wet, the soil surface into the palm of the hand force 10cm clenched the following after the fragmentation groups, which can be watered; the early stages, some red leaves, began to wilt, with 58% Yilin Lv 400 times IRRIGATING MZ, 7 days later with 64% alumina powder 500 times IRRIGATING antivirus, application time when low temperatures in the morning and evening, when the temperature is above 28 degrees to stop spraying, a treatment every 7 days for 3 times. 2, powdery mildew Control key technologies: to maintain the greenhouse air humidity; the timely removal of infected leaves; on_set_ of spraying 70% thiophanate 1500 times, or 20% of the bacteria grams of smoke, fume control, prevention and treatment 1 time every 7 days, even the anti- 2-3 times. In addition, fumigation with sulfur control, fumigation device each time put sulfur powder 20-30g, put Lianhou daily 17:00 to keep the studio closed, power heated 2 hours, every 6 days to replace a sulfur powder, continuous fumigated for 15 days only. Of powdery mildew disease in a day fumigation 8-10h, 10 days to eliminate powdery mildew. 3, leaf spot Control key technologies: that timely removal of infected leaves, concentrated destruction; 2.5% in the early stages, spraying myclobutanil EC 300 times or 70% thiophanate WP 800-1000 times, 7 days spray 1, continuous spray 2-3 times. 4, Botrytis cinerea Key control technology: Control of humidity is the key to control gray mold. Will close planting, growing too dense leaves Thinning; increase ventilation, air humidity maintained at 75-85%; the following bundle from the water plant crown; To prevent condensation of water vapor in the flowers, sunny day after 10 o'clock, to gradually opened the side of the shed, to avoid rapid temperature rise shed; the early on_set_ of 1500 times with 70% thiophanate foliar spraying, and aerosols carried out with control. 5, whitefly Control key technologies: complete removal of weeds; yellow plate _insert_ed at any time to monitor, once found in insects, it is necessary to take timely measures; _select_ed pharmaceutical and correct medication: resistance to whitefly easy to produce pesticides, drugs must be rotated. Have better pesticide cypermethrin, abamectin, imidacloprid and so on. Election in the dawn of time spraying, spray 4-5 hours after the closed greenhouse, the next morning a continuous spraying. 6, thrips Control key technologies: the worm promptly cut off the flowers, thus reducing the shelf temperature (room) within the geographic fields; fumigation of pesticides in the greenhouse is the best control methods, with 80% DDVP 300-400ml fumigation 1 hour or with 5% imidacloprid 1500 -2000 times shed off 8-10 hours after spraying, fumigation time can be 10 in the morning or evening when 5-point temperature is slightly higher in order to achieve good efficacy. 7, Pieris rapae Control key technologies: larvae, 10% insects divisible spraying 2000-2500 times, old larvae there can be 1,000 times the control cypermethrin, 7 days 1, 3 consecutive times. Note: The above information ring of pesticides under the formula provided by the reference test may be. Fifth, physiological diseases 1, symptoms: dark green spots appear on young leaves, young leaves and growing point of the first serious occurrence dead, and old leaves but also maintain the normal state. Solution: to judge from the symptoms may be caused by calcium deficiency. With 0.15% Ca (NO3) 2.4H2O foliar spray, 25 days time. 2, symptoms: part of old leaves in the leaf a "mosaic", leaf base to form an inverted "V"-shaped green part of the top can also be one to extend close to the blade top. Leaves become brittle, curved, or even red, few and grow new leaves, petioles slender, young leaf veins prominent, inhibited the formation of inflorescence, pedicel small, smaller flowers. Spraying with 0.2% magnesium 2 times. Solution: to judge from the symptoms may be caused by magnesium deficiency. 3, symptoms: leaves become pale yellow and almost white, early veins remain green, but will eventually change color. Solution: to judge from the symptoms may be caused by iron deficiency. 0.02% chelated iron by spraying 25 days time. 4, symptoms: leaf bending, thickened, brittle. Dead growing point, bud abortion or teratogenic infertile flowers. Solution: to judge from the symptoms may be caused by boron deficiency. Spraying with 0.05% of borax, 25 days time. 5 symptoms: spots appear on young leaves and the "mosaic", leaves the side of the development of normal, the other side is not normal, curved blade to the side. Solution: to judge from the symptoms may be caused by zinc deficiency. Sixth, quality defects 1, squid fracture: transverse cracks appear on the squid, squid emergence of a serious fracture, fissure was cut like. Solution: Available 1 ~ 2 ‰ calcium nitrate spray once a week. 2, the leaf edge scorch: Leaves at the top or the tip of feather crack suddenly appeared scorch. Solution: high concentration caused by the fertilizer, diluted with water spray or rinse immediately leaves attached to the fertilizer solution; extend the time between fertilization and reduce the concentration of fertilizer, over a period of time will naturally recover. VII postharvest handling Harvest: univalve varieties of flowers when mature stamens 2-3 rounds can be harvested, the Double varieties to mature before harvesting, early adoption will shorten the vase life of flowers. Must be taken immediately into the water after the water must be very clean. Before the flowers into the water to be cut in 2-5cm bottom hairy woody stalk that stalk to water.
Translated by Google
Postharvest Technology
非洲菊 采后处理技术
Vase life of cut value of the goods is part of one of the most important. Postharvest handling for the vase life of Gerbera is very important, without post-harvest handling of cut gerbera flower into the market, eventually making it difficult for consumer satisfaction, which in turn will reduce the consumption of Gerbera. The method described below can extend the vase life of gerbera. First, harvest cut Second, pre-harvest Third, the preservation solution treatment Fourth, packaging, transport In the transport process, the temperature dropped to 6-9 ℃, thus making life activities slow down the flowers, save the energy to consumers when the re-use. Re-use packaging cartons for more economical, but will become a place where bacteria is hereby long. Therefore, re-use of cartons can not be too frequent. In short, throughout the post-harvest processing should be kept clean, can effectively extend the vase life of gerbera. Gerbera transported to the destination after the flower stalk at the bottom becomes dry, use a clean knife, a little oblique to the stalk, and then immersed in clean, fresh fluid, without preservation solution, you can also use low concentrations of bleach solution.
Translated by Google
Conservation Points
非洲菊 养护要点
非洲菊 养护要点
1, the temperature Application of cultivation facilities, to meet Gerbera seedlings, growing and flowering on temperature requirements, in order to facilitate normal growth and flowering. Outside the southern China region can not be exposed to winter, the need for greenhouse cultivation, the Yangtze River is not available outside the heated greenhouse cultivation. In the summer, to be covered by shade cloth, Ceiling, and opened on both sides of plastic film greenhouse cooling. Winter when the outside night temperature close to 0C, sealed tight plastic film drop, need to shed some additional plastic film cover. Case Qingnuan weather, the southern tip of greenhouse film opened at noon for about an hour ventilation. 2, light Gerbera flowers for the happy light, to be full light in winter, but summer should pay attention to proper shade, and increase ventilation to reduce the temperature to prevent heat induced dormancy. 3, the irrigation After planting seedlings should be kept moist and Dunmiao appropriate to promote root development, rapid seedling. Vigorous growth should be maintained to keep water supply of adequate water once every 3-4 days in summer, winter, about two weeks time. Flowering irrigation center to take care not to wet foliage to prevent bud rot. Open field cultivation should pay attention to waterlogging. In addition, irrigation can be combined with fertilization. 4, top dressing Fertilizer for the hi Gerbera flowers, a great demand for fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:18:25. Should pay special attention to add potash fertilizer. Potassium applied per acre generally sold 2.5 kilograms of ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate 1.2 kg, every 5-6 days once in spring and autumn, winter and summer, once every 10 days. If the plant caused by high temperature or low temperature half-sleep state, stop fertilizing. 5, clear Grottoes Gerbera easy to basal and lower leaves yellow foliage aging, should be promptly removed, conducive to new leaves and new flower buds sprouted, and it helps ventilation, and enhance plant growth.
Translated by Google
Disease control
1, gerbera leaf spot Gerbera year after year in the protected cultivation, due to environmental warm, humid, poor air flow, easily lead to the occurrence of pests and diseases. The most common leaf spot disease is one of gerbera, which is a disease caused by fungi. Symptoms of purple-brown leaves have a small spot, and gradually expanded into a large plaque with concentric Physalospora (diameter 2-5 mm). Centre for the late flower rot, above a sparse gray-brown dust-like true hyphae. The first general law of the lower incidence of leaf disease. Excessive amount of ammonia fertilizer, is apt to cause disease. Heavy clay soil, poor drainage is an important condition for inducing the disease. Control methods (1) chloropicrin fumigation of soil treatment can be used to effectively kill the bacteria, the source from the substrate to reduce bacteria accumulation. (2) adjust the optimum temperature and humidity gerbera growth temperature is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, kept at 10 ℃ over night, at low temperature under low humidity conditions, less prone to disease. (3) Every 7-10 days spraying a fungicide such as chlorothalonil 500 times 75%, 50% Captan 500 times, 70% thiophanate 1000 times, control effect is obvious. 2, gerbera blight control Gerbera blight, also known as root rot, in the event, serious harm, often causing death of whole, or even death of the entire shelf, to the operators result in serious economic losses. I concluded after several years of cultivation experience, summed up some effective measures are introduced to everyone. 1. Pathogenesis of law to Phytophthora chlamydospores, oospores in the sick deformed or soil through the winter. When the host can no long-term survival of resting spores. The pathogen from the water, soil, plant propagation sick. 2. Symptoms: First Department of infected roots of plants, affected leaves turn yellow first, then change taupe, to wither, the roots become the Ministry of black rot. 3. Control: (1) choose healthy disease-free plants were cultivated. (2) nursery before transplanting to soil fumigation, which rely mainly on soil-transmitted pathogen, so before planting a careful disinfection of the nursery. The main methods of disinfection ① disinfection: Pharmacy enemy Ke Songjia pentachloronitrobenzene available (3:1) mixture, dosage 4-6g/m2, when the drug spraying disinfectant at the soil surface, and surface soil mix, using plastic film sealed, while 30 hours after fumigation of greenhouse sealed cover lifting, ventilation, and re-mixing the topsoil, can be planted 15 days later. ② Steam sterilization: steam pipe will be released into the soil, the larger investment costs of this approach, but the effect is good. (3) Gerbera is planted shallow planting depth of the principle requirements of the crown exposed soil surface is about 1.5 cm, slightly for the degree of lodging (3 days can be gently righting), its contraction root characteristics, plant the root of the neck will be buried in the deep, brought to the bacteria disseminated on the convenience. Is more conducive to the growth of seedlings can be planted locally using the matrix method, that is, first dig site in the planting point about 10 cm in diameter round planting hole, then sand with exposure to sterile vermiculite or perlite + ( 1:1) of the matrix fill, then seedlings planted in the substrate, pouring enough water, the root compaction, into the normal day to day management of the future, this will take into immediate effect. (4) found that when diseased plants, if available early stages of captan 0.1g / 1 +1% copper sulfate water rhizosphere, Ruo Yi is the late on_set_ of diseased plants should be burned immediately, and deal with the drugs around the plants and soil. 3. Gerbera on hazard prevention and control whitefly Whitefly are Homoptera, whitefly families and Trialeurodes vaporariorum can be divided into two kinds of silver leaf whitefly, Europe and the United States is an important greenhouse pests of horticultural crops, 80 years to become a major pest in northern China, is now spreading across the country . Kunming cucumber, gerbera, roses, poin_set_tia and other greenhouse crops have different levels of pests occur, in my gerbera production in the households surveyed, 100% of the existence of whitefly damage. Many farmers believe that the most difficult to control whitefly on Gerbera and is the most harmful pests. Allowed to take calls for the authorities to give attention to this. Whitefly population density increased exponentially with the characteristics of infection in the early stages of whitefly, only a little piece occurs, what appears to be no damage to plant symptoms, tend to be overlooked. But the whitefly transmitted virus, weakened plant growth potential hazards seriously affect the quality of shipments has been under development, once spread, it could cause harm in the greenhouse for many years cycle is difficult to eradicate. Therefore, in the daily management and the introduction of flower seed production process, should pay attention to the inspection and control of whitefly, in the event, to take timely measures. (B) inspection of whitefly whitefly has four forms, eggs, nymphs, pupae and adults pseudo, adults lay eggs on leaves on the back, long 0.2 ~ 0.25mm, difficult to detect with the naked eye, magnifying glass or microscope required environmental observation, scattered in the leaves; nymphs, pupae are usually pseudo-fixation in the lower old leaves, easy to find. Adults like the leaves and into the surface of leaf attached, adult, nymph can secrete honeydew, stacking the leaves, caused by coal pollution disease, if found on the leaves caused by the parasitic fungi like black coal ash pollution disease, that infection time is longer, more serious. Whitefly favorite color is lemon yellow and orange, it can be hung or propped up yellow boards to monitor. Greenhouse flower crops, whitefly and seriously harmed the most attractive are: Gerbera, six flowers, primrose, salvia, dahlia, geranium, Cineraria, Sinningia, fuchsias, hibiscus, clematis, garland Ma, Solanaceae plant, Aquilegia, azaleas. Hazard light are: chrysanthemum, poin_set_tia, Calceolaria flowers, calla, roses, lilies, marigold. No harm is: cyclamen, carnation, freesia, tulips, daffodils, hyacinth, orchid plants, cloves, palm trees and most of the succulents. Sometimes a flower crops and vegetable crops in the rotation and contiguous, hence the serious harm to know whitefly vegetable crops such as cucumber, tomato, lettuce, green beans, celery, cantaloupe, squash and garlic. And around the greenhouse and the greenhouse whitefly weeds are breeding grounds, it is like weeds Stellaria, wood sorrel, nettle, and dandelion. (C) of the whitefly control 1, prevention, pest-free seedlings cultivation. Seed, crop stubble and weeds with insects is an important way to whitefly transmission, the new crop before planting to eradicate weeds, Previous Crops crops, and open space for some time. The introduction of seedlings and potted plant, you should carefully check the nymph or egg, is missing many of leaves. Once a greenhouse whitefly has been infected, out of their crops should be very careful to avoid all the greenhouse have been infected. Greenhouse to plug yellow plates, so that any monitoring. Regular visits to the field to check whether the growth conditions and pests and diseases. Shed door hanging white or silver plastic articles may be refused to avoid the intrusion of the adult. 2, choose the right agent, correct medication. Whitefly resistance to pesticides is easy to produce, to know more about types of pesticides available for use. For pesticides that do not have resistance. Pest resistance to the second generation will produce, so for the good effects of pesticides trial, at least a generation or more continuous use, until that resistance, the drug should pay attention to the right legislation, while not frequent replacement of pesticides, the following table list is better at home and abroad tried pesticides, provide a reference. English name Chinese name or type of trade name Note Organophosphate acephate has fumigant action of acephate chlorpyrifos chlorpyrifos, parathion chlorine ticks etrimfos B ethyl parathion Carbamate methomyl methomyl, Souls have some Ovicides Pyrethroid sumicidin speed kill D Propoxur + methoxychlor propoxur + methoxychlor Cypermethrin Cypermethrin Alphamethrin cypermethrin fluralinate Cyfluthrin Mitac acaricides amitraz, a fumigant action Anti-chitin pesticides buprofezin Other Tempo endosulfan concentration of abamectin abamectin spraying 1000 times Diazinon Diazinon imidacloprid imidacloprid 4, other methods are effective whitefly control method also fumigation, fumigation method and smoke law, which are described in other books. Biological control is more scientific methods, should be vigorously popularize the application. Fourth, Gerbera mosaic disease 1, symptoms. Leaves are lobed flowers, and sometimes also have markings on the petals. Cucumber mosaic virus pathogens (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). 2, the control methods. (1) at any time remove weeds around the garden and its timely use of insecticides against aphids. (2) Cut by 10% trisodium phosphate on the cutting edge materials such as disinfection. Fifth, gerbera root rot 1, symptoms. Wilt disease and the symptoms are similar, but the disease is not the Ministry of pink spores heap. Stem and root rot and become soft Shui Zizhuang appears black. Decay phenomenon significant. Pathogen Phytophthora are implicit in (Phytophthora cryptogea Pethy-br.et Laff.), Is a bacterial flagellum sub-gate, inverted pear-shaped sporangia, oospores yellow, spherical. With parasitic and saprophytic, optimum growth temperature is 25 ℃ 2, the control methods. (1) breeding resistant varieties. (2) the disease occurred in the previous year's flower beds planted before 1000 with the Nixon enemy 1500 times and mixing of soil sterilization. (3) found that strain, always disconnect the burning, in order to avoid transmission of infection. And be patient excavation of soil, new soil replacement.
Translated by Google
Gerbera Pest Control Greenhouse
1. Blight infection of the root neck before the victim leaves turn yellow, gray-brown after the change, to wither, the roots become the Ministry of black rot. Control methods: ① _Select_ healthy plants disease-free cultivation. ② The bacteria spread mainly by the soil, so before planting a careful disinfection of the nursery. Pharmacy can be the enemy Ke Songjia pentachloronitrobenzene (3:1), the pharmaceutical dosage of 4 to 6 g / m, disinfection will be sprayed on the soil surface, and surface soil mix, sealed with plastic film, while greenhouse seal lifted after 30 hours fumigation covers, ventilation, and re-mixing the topsoil, can be planted 15 days later. Can also use pipes to steam released into the soil, the larger investment costs of this approach, but the effect is better. ③ planting requirements of the root surface of the neck exposed soil about 1.5 cm, slightly lodging for the degree. Contraction characteristics of their roots, plant roots buried deep in the neck will give bacteria easy to bring on a dip. To facilitate the growth of seedlings, the cultivation can be localized using the matrix method, that is, first dig out the planting site known as the circular diameter of 15 cm planting hole, then use the exposure sterile river sand or perlite + vermiculite (1 : 1) fill the matrix, then seedlings planted in the substrate, pouring enough water, the root compaction, into the normal day to day management of the future, so that can achieve immediate results. ④ found in diseased plants, the initial available Captan 0.1 g / l + 1% copper sulfate IRRIGATING, the incidence of post-burn should immediately pull out diseased plants and use the agent to treat the surrounding plants and soil. 2. There is not clear the virus infected leaves yellow spots, narrow leaves. Not significant in the high temperature period markings. Weak growth, sharply cut the number to continue to develop, diseased plants will die. Control methods: ① Remove diseased plants. ② the complete elimination of infectious virus vector aphids. ③ In poorly ventilated greenhouses, often prone to scale insects, should be promptly removed. 3. Whitefly with imidacloprid, dichlorvos, phoxim, methamidophos has a good control effect. However, if a single species of drug resistance easily, so it is best to use a variety of pharmaceutical agents or turn mixed use, avoid repeatedly using the same agent. Available for resistance to organophosphate pesticides and water spirits, plus mixed use pyrethroids. 4. Leaf miner 4 to 5 months, 10 to 11 months is the peak of damage, the available elements Qi mites, Aifu Ding, A Bading or double plus fenvalerate insecticide mixture to kill.
Translated by Google
Glamorous color and rot because of Gerbera
非洲菊色彩美艳及烂根原因
Gerbera color in the summer period, especially in the case of drought and water shortage, petal color of black light; in optimum temperature of 9 to 10 months or 3 to 6 months the following year during the open flowers, and colorful. This shows that; gerbera reflected on the temperature and light intensity are more sensitive to the summer need to keep the soil moist, not drought, covering 50% of the light transmittance of shading to the foliar spray to increase the air humidity and lower temperature; Work should be fully ready warm in winter, not cold, night temperatures not lower than 10 ℃, the day of not less than 15 ℃, the brightness enhancing Gerbera are very useful. In addition, the mite is the enemy of gerbera cultivation, once the victims not only lose the bright, but the shape of the petals will be incomplete. Therefore, be sure to ensure that the entire growing season from mite damage, but is particularly important to ensure colorful Gerbera link. Gerbera is mostly due to rot because the roots had root rot, in the event difficult to cure. External conditions have root rot the roots of soil moisture due to high long-term water rhizosphere, or long-term rainfall in the open field, causing the death of gerbera plants.
Translated by Google
Value
非洲菊 应用价值
【】 Its huge flowers, ornamental value, flowers upright, beautiful color, water, _insert_ed a long time, cut rate, vase of time up to 15 to 20 days, the cultivation of saving time and labor, one of the world famous top ten cut flowers. Can also be arranged flower beds, flower diameter, or greenhouse as a living room, hall and other decorative display.
Translated by Google
Gerbera florid
Gerbera flower, also known as Fu Lang, a symbol of mutual respect and love, perseverance, brave. Some areas like the celebration of marriage with flowers tied into a bouquet arrangement Fulang new homes. Whichever harmonic means, reflecting the couple love each other meaning. Chrysanthemum-shaped radial Africa, often as the main flower arranging, and more with kidney fern, asparagus fern-phase configuration. It also represents the mystery, excitement, perseverance, elegant, recluse, noble. It is warm and beautiful words, always happy.
Translated by Google
Gerbera market
非洲菊市场
March and April, although the Yunnan flower sales boom receded, they ushered in the Gerbera seed sales of the "golden period." Kunming, Yunnan Province, from both inside and outside of the Gerbera seedlings are sold, in April sold more than 200 million trees, to Kunming as the center of a nationwide pattern of gerbera seed production has been basically formed. Production has declined somewhat lower price It is understood, Yunnan gerbera seed producers mainly in Kunming, the size of about 20, which are larger than 10. Gerbera seedlings last year by the impact of higher prices this year, although there has been a family household as the unit of seed production, but because of the production decline, so compared to last year, this year the total production of gerbera seed has decline for the 15 million or so. Prices fell back from last year's 0.8 yuan / tree to 1.0 yuan / line, down to the current 0.6 yuan / tree to 0.8 yuan / strains. Shrinking demand in the province sales situation is grim In addition, by the impact of continuous cropping obstacles, gerbera flower market economy is not the result of Yunnan province's total planted area of nearly half of Gerbera Jinning County, part of the flower of Kunming, the original planting replanting the land rose or gerbera carnations, shrinking demand in the province of Gerbera seedlings. Yunnan Province, the demand for foreign market for seeds and seedlings in a growth trend, the survey showed, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong and other provinces of the Gerbera cultivation area was increasing. To seek joint development of quality needs to be improved After nearly 10 years of development, many companies or research institutes in Yunnan already have a relatively strong production technology and experience to collect a wealth of gerbera cultivars, the production of gerbera seed has formed a certain brand, by province inside and outside the growers alike. However, due to relatively large loss of Gerbera long-distance transport, post-harvest processing technology can not keep up, and lower quality seed mother plants and other reasons, of the gerbera flower and seed industry. Early April, led by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of flowers, invited Qian Hui-Kunming, Kunming, Yu-hui, Kunming with Xin, Kunmingjinke arts discussion and other responsible persons, _set_ up to discuss matters such as Yunnan Association of Gerbera seedlings. At the same time, they will be "large group" in the name of negotiating with foreign breeding business, for low-cost high-quality mother plant and the introduction of new varieties. It is reported that they had with the Dutch Florist company talks, the company plans to introduce high-quality mother plant 400 million trees, more than 480 ten thousand yuan to pay royalties. Cultivation techniques will now follow: A growth environment Gerbera native South Africa, to adapt to a mild climate, heat, a little cold, happy warm in winter, cool in summer, air circulation, sunny environment. Optimum growth temperature during the day for the 20C - 25C, about 16C at night. Flowering proper temperature not lower than 15C, 26C during the day and not more than the annual growth environment can blossom. Optimum temperature for the winter rest period 12C-15C, less than 7C stop growing. Insensitive to photoperiod, the length of natural sunlight on flower number and flower quality of no effect. Gerbera requires loose and fertile, well drained, humus-rich, deep soil, slightly acidic sandy loam. Second breeding Currently more than by tissue culture propagation of Gerbera, breeding methods can be applied ramets, each mother plant can be divided into 5 to 6 small strains; seed propagation for dwarf potted cultivars or breeding; can occur in a single bud or neck at the base cut short lateral bud cuttings Third planting D after planting management 1, the temperature Application of cultivation facilities, to meet Gerbera seedlings, growing and flowering on temperature requirements, in order to facilitate normal growth and flowering. Outside the southern China region can not be exposed to winter, the need for greenhouse cultivation, the Yangtze River is not available outside the heated greenhouse cultivation. In the summer, to be covered by shade cloth, Ceiling, and opened on both sides of plastic film greenhouse cooling. Winter when the outside night temperature close to 0C, sealed tight plastic film drop, need to shed some additional plastic film cover. Case Qingnuan weather, the southern tip of greenhouse film opened at noon for about an hour ventilation. 2, light Gerbera flowers for the happy light, to be full light in winter, but summer should pay attention to proper shade, and increase ventilation to reduce the temperature and prevent heat induced dormancy 3, the irrigation After planting seedlings should be kept moist and Dunmiao appropriate to promote root development, rapid seedling. Vigorous growth should be maintained to keep water supply of adequate water once every 3-4 days in summer, winter, about two weeks time. Flowering irrigation center to take care not to wet foliage to prevent bud rot. Open field cultivation should pay attention to waterlogging. In addition, irrigation can be combined with fertilization. 4, top dressing Fertilizer for the hi Gerbera flowers, a great demand for fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:18:25. Should pay special attention to add potash fertilizer. Potassium applied per acre generally sold 2.5 kilograms of ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate 1.2 kg, every 5-6 days once in spring and autumn, winter and summer, once every 10 days. If the plant caused by high temperature or low temperature half-sleep state, stop fertilizing. 5, clear Grottoes Gerbera easy to basal and lower leaves yellow foliage aging, should be promptly removed, conducive to new leaves and new flower buds sprouted, and it helps ventilation, and enhance plant growth. 6, pest and disease control Fourth, harvesting When the outer flowers shed pollen when the harvest began. Plant growth at harvest requires strong, upright flower stalk of grass, flowers, carried out. Cut a great impact on the merits of the quality of the vase life of cut flowers, plants should not wilt or night in the semi-closed state flower Cut flowers. Post-harvest grading, preservation, processing packaging market. Gerbera seedlings of domestic production base largely concentrated in specialized areas of Yunnan, the letter of Yunnan flower green seedling base http://www.luxflower.net represented a large number of emerging professional flower seed producers are booming.
Translated by Google
Insurance approach
非洲菊 保险方法
From the flower market to buy back Fulang do not cut the root, especially of hard not to root knot cut off, put it in the water directly on it, put less water, dipped the bottom of it can be a hard, flower bucket is higher, it is best to spend the first part. Easy to cut off the roots Fulang bad shot, rotting so quickly. If you just joined the back of the cargo dehydration phenomenon, first of all put it directly into the water, such as several hours did not recover, and then angled a little to cut the roots into the water. If there is no dehydration, curved rod that is a normal phenomenon. Want to straighten it flower head is actually very simple, just put it flat out lying, or, wrap a couple of hours and then put into the water can be.
