Tyrannosaurus Rex tyrannosaurus Intelligence (information) Chinese name (chinese) → Tyrannosaurus Other Chinese name (chinese [other]) → ... Latin literature name (name) → tyrannosaurus Pronunciation (pronounced) → tye-ran-uh-sawr-us Means (meaning) → Generic name: brutal lizards Species name: King Long Head (order) → saurischia Saurischia Suborder (suborder) → theropoda theropod Class (infraorder) → neotheropoda new theropod tetanurae strong tail dragon avetheropoda birds foot class coelurosauria Coelurosauria maniraptorifromes maniraptorans Shaped tyrannosauroidea Tyrannosaurus superfamily Branch (family) → tyrannosauridae tyrannosaurids Subfamily (subfamily) → tyrannosaurinae Tyrannosaurus subfamily Family (tribe) → tyrannosaurini storm Dragon Genus (genus) → tyrannosaurus tyrannosaurus The type species (type species) → t. rex Tyrannosaurus rex Other species (other species) → ... Error attributable to species (misassigned species) → t. amplus = aublysodon amplus t. bataar = Special Tyrannosaurus t. bataar t. efremovi = Special Tyrannosaurus t.efremovi t. gigantus = t. rex t. imperiosus = t. rex t. lancensis = t. rex t. lancinator = Special Tyrannosaurus t.bataar t. lanpingensis = Special Tyrannosaurus t.lanpingensis t. luanchuanensis = Luanchuan Special Tyrannosaurus t. megagracilis = t. rex t. novojilovi = Special Tyrannosaurus t.bataar t. stanwinstonorum = t. rex t. torosus = daspletosaurus torosus t. turpanensis = Special Tyrannosaurus t.bataar Time (period) → Late Cretaceous late maastrichtian Distribution (found in) → Alberta, Canada, Montana, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming Found in strata (stratum) → ... Diet (diet) → meat Typical body length (length) → length of about 6 meters 15 meters Speculated that weight (mass) → 6.5-7 tons Discoverer (discoverer) → Brown (barnum brown) 1902 Named person (first described) → enjoy Liao Si the (osborn), 1905 Introduction (brief introduction) In the following presentation, you may wonder why we do not have the full name of the animal. This example, like Tyrannosaurus rex, though more people know it is called Tyrannosaurus Rex, Tyrannosaurus we are called to do. We have two reasons for doing so. First, for some series of animals, there is sufficient other evidence to identify its genus, but could not identify the species of the genus do not. Second, it will give the name of the less likely people feel confused. Although everyone is familiar with the name of the Tyrannosaurus Rex, but to give his full name all the animals is not appropriate. Tyrannosaurus could ever recorded on Earth's largest living carnivorous dinosaurs. It is the latest of a carnivorous, it has sixty jagged edges sharp teeth, some up to 18 cm long. It has huge jaws; just head up to 1.3 meters, it may be able to eat a whole person ─ ─ time around if there are human beings really exist. Tyrannosaurus rex stood taller than two stories high, one can swallow a cow, a very strange little Tyrannosaurus front foot, and summoned up the courage human arm, so some scientists believe that T. rex could not predation, can eat the dead. Tyrannosaurus monster for the whole body seems to be designed to attack other dinosaurs; head long and narrow, muscular cheeks, neck short and thick, strong body. Strong hind legs stout, the tail not too long, you can back straight in order to balance the body, open its mouth, there are about 15 cm of teeth ... ... but a disproportionately small forelimbs, and only two weak fingers. It has been that the T. rex is a heavy, slow animals, but recent studies suggest that T. rex a run up to 40 kilometers per hour, If so, I am afraid that nothing can escape its prey to kill the. [C] The fossil record provides little evidence about the Tyrannosaurus courtship, we can only present a similar behavior of the animals to imagine their courtship display. Was a large predator, it more than any of its prey is far greater. Therefore, it can separate Liaodao its prey and will most likely live a solitary life. (With T. rex and other activities is flawed, because it would reduce the number of prey.) In today's large carnivores like bears and cheetahs similar phenomenon can also be found. On the other hand, despite the public to wander around the dinosaurs, find a mate, while the mother is a clear area of the dinosaur. The next question is how to attract the wandering male female dinosaur dinosaurs? Public pursuit of the mother T. rex Tyrannosaurus with food. In the course of animal courtship, these gifts as food, or can be called "love chips" are very important. This sometimes arises from the nest when the female incubates the eggs of dinosaurs will be under the circumstances. She needs to eat to maintain the best condition to lay eggs. Public dinosaurs prove that it can be pretty good for access to food. In this example, has a spin factor: the mother's body than the male Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus large, so as to avoid being the mother of public Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus delights for food eaten at home Tyrannosaurus fed and happy to maintain status. In the imagination of scientists, mating behavior around the body continuously for a while. (Kemo more monitor lizards like the mating of food around.) But in the end the mother dinosaur dinosaurs will fiercely forced to leave the company. Fighting between individuals is a significant feature Tyrannosaurus. Skull and bones of their more or less terrible wounds and bite marks. And we know that among the many examples show that this is not because they were welling up in the body due to the death. We have evidence on the healing (for example, grow new bone), the evidence that the wound is still alive in the animal caused. [Special Issue] 100-year commemoration of Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus rex from? In 1902, an American collector of dinosaur fossils, Barnum Brown, Montana in the United States Hale Creek found a giant carnivorous animal bones, when he was the staff of the National Museum of History. After two summers, he have been excavated from a hard sandstone matrix. As a heavy bones, so he created a special sled with the horses drag, That the bones transported to a nearby road. - He found the first bones of a Tyrannosaurus Rex! In 1910, Barnum Brown, the expedition team led by Alberta, Canada Red Deer River Valley within the massive collection began. He used a large wooden raft, rowing is a mobile camp on the river to find fossils and excavation. The raft is also the transport of fossil tool, as with the carriage transport will damage the fossil. Brown found there was a very well-protected Styracosaurus, helmet, dragon, and sharp corners, and some dragons dinosaur fossil skeleton fossils skin. Museum in New York, Brown's boss can not wait Osborne named Tyrannosaurus his animals made public, while the installation frame, Brown and Osborne to model the style alive Tyrannosaurus remodeling, but they can not to weigh two tonnes of bones to form the image in their mind - "smart as a beast of a bird," they had to slow him to form upright appearance, we now think is not correct, in fact, to maintain this error 50 years. Raptors Truth Tyrannosaurus, the scientific name means tyrannosaurs rex tyrant lizard, carnivorous dinosaurs appear at the latest, and most large, most of the more powerful species. Tyrannosaurus probably is the biggest terrestrial carnivore, six thousand million years ago extinction, the end of the Cretaceous. T. rex's head is very large (about 1.2 meters). Strong jaw serrated edges on the teeth long, thick like a huge bird's feet, the fingers having strong claws. And sturdy feet comparison, T. rex's arms and the skull was inversely proportional to the small, shorter than the human hand, according to paleontologists believe that Tyrannosaurus rex may be due to wax only catch with the mouth, forelimbs rarely used, and thus gradually become Short smaller, and thus evolve into standing by the hindlimbs, forelimbs and hind limbs as weapons degradation, which evolved into this strange body structure, Tyrannosaurus Although a large body, bones, heart Queshi Kong, but there are some large head hollow hole, thus making weight loss, easy walk and catch wax. Fourteen meters in length and body height of about 5.5 m, weight of seven tons, Tyrannosaurus rex tail long and thick, appears to be a strong offensive and defensive weapons, probably often focus on hind legs and tail, suggesting that hindlimb and Last part of the muscle very strong, destructive force more powerful than a tornado! Generally, scholars believe that carnivorous dinosaurs, T. rex is the most brutal dinosaurs, it appears the time is already late age of dinosaurs, about six thousand five hundred years from now. T. rex's body up to fourteen meters, weighs about ten tons, it is very thick rear strong, even with their big hold up is a raw image. From a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil discovered that each of its large and small teeth, some teeth length, much longer than human hands, some as small as a human little finger a tooth from the apex to the base, there are jagged oblique rotation , the ferocious, is evident, a strong jaw amazing crocodile jaws of dozens of maxillary first power sum of all the dinosaurs, T. rex's head is the largest and most powerful, carnivorous animals of this terrible use grows saber-like teeth of the giant jaw, brutally killed a prey, and then reverse the strong neck, would tear down the mouth of the meat. The Xuepentaikou more open scary, which students with two rows of sharp teeth bent inward, each with twenty to thirty centimeters long teeth, a bite but was, even with tough bony body armor of large herbivorous dinosaurs will not bear. Tyrannosaurus living environment In the initial stage of the Cretaceous flowering plant in the Raptors dominated the world during the life of the ecosystem, 90% of the leaf fossils are found in North Dakota, in the collection of more than 30,000 fossil leaves, there 90% of the fossils belong to broad leaf plants. Now, in the T. rex were found in the vicinity, there are still times of coniferous plants, such as T. rex and its relatives larch plants, was the scene and Florida or southern Georgia are similar to some of the area tree, about 30 15 m, trunk diameter less than 0.3 meters. Raptors live in an age of the subjects of modern plants have emerged. Tyrannosaurus living environment so do not think strange. Tyrannosaurus how evolution? The earliest ancestor of Tyrannosaurus rex from the late Triassic Eoraptor (eoraptor), it is only 0.9 meters in length, less than 1 m, weighing only 5-7 kg. Pirates of the dragon's lower jaw before the middle without some kind of vegetarian dinosaurs additional connections. But in the middle of the jaw, there is a bend that allows the activities of the jaw joints, bite things when the jaws when the game will be tight vise, while the Raptors have this jaw! It also has some interesting places, such as Eoraptor has five "fingers", and subsequently the carnivorous dinosaurs of the "finger" tends to reduce the number of the, to the last occurrence of T. rex and other large carnivorous dinosaurs, only two "finger" of the. Again, Eoraptor only three vertebrae lumbar support belt with it was small, but the dinosaur was becoming larger and larger, the support of the waist belt to increase the number of vertebrae. So how T. rex evolved from dog-sized monster 13 meters long? For decades, paleontologists have always thought that the giant predator Tyrannosaurus other descendants, such as Allosaurus, which is the largest and more the last generation of dinosaur teeth, which is super-carnivorous dinosaurs assumption seems to be granted, But this is not correct. Jurassic Allosaurus was the largest carnivorous dinosaurs. 11 meters in length, estimated weight of 1.5 to 2 tons of action agile ferocious predators, hunting prey may leap lap, hence the name. Speculated that it would launch a surprise lurking in the plant leaves, strong forelimbs have three claws on the long, as an important weapon, generally medium to large herbivorous dinosaurs for food, is undoubtedly the strongest dinosaur predators, but to the mid-Cretaceous, Yuelong on Earth suddenly disappeared, replaced most of the land on the natural history of hunting animals - Tyrannosaurus (tyrannosaurus). Tyrannosaurus rex discovered in recent years and a lot of carnivorous dinosaurs are differences are, so they took it in the foot as an example, it is striking that many of the third toe is the end of the Cretaceous dinosaur features, but they are small dinosaur, they not a large carnivorous dinosaurs we know, such as the ostrich like dragons. Tyrannosaurus rex is a small carnivorous animals, but later evolved into a very large size, and other large carnivorous dinosaurs that they do not have any association, from the anatomical analysis can easily identify those not related to dinosaurs and Tyrannosaurus. The dragon is a turning point in the evolution of T. rex, and other small predatory dinosaurs were different, it is the use of jaws to kill their prey, rather than using the forelimbs. Such adaptive changes caused by the rise of Tyrannosaurus rex and its unique shape, from the earliest Tyrannosaurus Drung, Drung slender body, the legs are very long. Evolution to Albert de dragon, its head becomes larger, the legs become shorter, and the Alberta Lung Tyrannosaurus similar, but look, when each feature will find it more primitive than the Raptors. In the end who is the nearest relatives of T. rex? Paleontologists believe that there are two possibilities: North America's fear of the dragon, Raptors in the eyes of a large bone above the sudden, the evil found in the Montana T. rex fossil, the bone penetration to less prominent in the early fear of the dragon body even smaller. Asia, especially T. rex, was originally known as Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus special, but the fact is they have a lot of Yi Chu, for example, after connecting the head part of the brain stem. Tyrannosaurus: predator or a scavenger? In the paleontology field into a controversy is whether it is a positive Tyrannosaurus predators. Active predators of the argument: Tyrannosaurus hearing very special, it should be said that the location of the skull is very special, as well as to collect the sound to a specific direction, it is the appearance of the ear or less the same with the other dinosaurs, but its internal structure is has changed dramatically. Thus, Raptors to a wider range can be heard, may be able to hear the other dinosaurs difficult to hear low-frequency sound waves. Speculated that T. rex dinosaur may be issued by the bass (most of the duck-billed dinosaur class) as prey. Also, T. rex's jaws are competent to hunting, like other prey animals, its teeth are curved backwards, the central cusp toward the mouth, which means that, when the struggling prey in the mouth, only can escape to the direction of the throat. Moreover, its teeth have deep roots, which makes teeth strong and not easily broken, but can bite through bone, which is the cause of Tyrannosaurus jaw so deep - more than two-thirds of the tooth is buried in the gums in the . Moreover, the delicate serrated teeth around the front and back sides, and their role as a small hook, serrated piercing the muscle, the hook can be caught in the meat fibers, placing it between the teeth, serrated edge between the tooth cutting edge enough to tear fiber. Eat carrion argument: active predators should be the most well-developed visual system, but not so Tyrannosaurus rex, on the contrary, it is the most developed sense of smell, and well-developed sense of smell, there is no doubt a prerequisite for scavengers. Also, T. rex's enormous size, which is conducive to rush away from hunting those animals. Tyrannosaurus how to act? T. rex is one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs, before people think T. rex could run swiftly, just as they catch up in the movie Jishi car as much as 72 km per hour, there is little prey to escape the claws . However, in February 28 issue of the British "Nature" magazine, an American research team published their research on Tyrannosaurus movement that determines the physical structure of T. rex could not run them, only 18 to 40 per hour km speed walk. The researchers used computer simulations of different animals move through the length of the legs, athletic stance and other parameters required to estimate the animals run the minimum weight of the leg muscles. Calculations show that the greater weight of the animal, it relies on to run the required two-legged leg muscles the greater the proportion of total body weight. An ordinary chicken, leg muscle weight only reached about 17%. However, a weight of 6 tons of Tyrannosaurus rex, and if it can run, it will be more than the leg muscles of the body weight of the total weight of 80%. The existing land vertebrate leg muscles generally do not reach 50% of body weight. For comparison, the researchers also calculated the size of a Tyrannosaurus rex chicken if you want to run, the leg muscles will account for 99% of body weight - it is almost impossible. The researchers concluded that, Raptors velocity may not exceed 40 km per hour. If you are locked in a Tyrannosaurus rex, run fast enough, then it is possible to escape. For a long time, scientists are predators or scavengers Raptors were the issue is controversial. Some experts say this latest research shows T. rex may depend on scavengers living Tyrannosaurus running slower because of its weaker forearm, not for hunting. But others believe that, Raptors to action should still be able to capture the relatively slow herbivores. Tyrannosaurus explore the situation in China In the Turpan Basin, the location of Vertebrate Paleontology by the Chinese Academy of Sciences 1964-1966, to discover the many dinosaur fossils. Where there is a large, carnivorous dinosaurs - especially Tyrannosaurus. Particular was a large dinosaur meat, and tap into the specimen a total of five teeth with incomplete hip. It belongs to the tyrannosaurids. In the Late Cretaceous in Asia, especially T. rex is a widespread species. In 1972, Luan River County, Henan Province, Song Pa Village Formation in the autumn, to discover five large teeth dinosaurs Dong Zhiming authority named in the Luan River in 1979, Tyrannosaurus (T. rex). Raptors History class is in the ground all the animals, the most ferocious carnivores large and fall of rock in picking the first basin is located in Lake County in the vicinity of River Crest Late Cretaceous strata from purple shale composition, the bottom with brick-red gravel. T. rex bite force and feeding the results of new research Thesis: "maximum bite force and prey size of tyrannosaurus rex and their relationships to the inference of feeding behavior" Of: mason b. meers Source: historical biology, march 2002 vol. 16 (1), pp. 1 ╟ 12 Translation: Yan Tianyang - Chinese Dinosaurs Network (dinosaur.net.cn) Tyrannosaurus rex skull shape from the point of view, the upper jaw wide and narrow, when the upper and lower teeth bite force applied is relatively incomplete, is conducive to gnaw bones. Compared with the Tyrannosaurus Rex, Allosaurus jaw width on the close, when the teeth bite force exerted relatively little, is not conducive to "grab off" bones. Tyrannosaurus Rex into a semi-circular conical teeth for crushing bones, dinosaur teeth and most of meat is used for puncture. T. rex skull structure shows its predator behavior may be most theropod dinosaurs and not the same. We bite force based on biology and the proportion of body weight, this ratio is based on meat of mammals, crocodiles, turtles and lizards that collected data (the data of aquatic organisms meat because the buoyancy of the factors not used). If we only use the crocodilians (closer relationship with the dinosaurs) data to calculate the maximum bite force is 183,000 cattle; is calculated based on 88,000 breast-feeding cattle; After studying the animals in accordance with all data collected 235,000 cattle. But difficult to truly measure the maximum bite force of animals, this data may be different from the real situation. The maximum bite force of T. rex about 183,000 to 235,000 beef cattle, and to impose such a huge force to be attached to the tyrannosaurus rex jaw muscles around 6300-8000 square centimeters. The jaw muscles attached to the tyrannosaurus rex in the text no introduction, but the researchers claim that it is entirely possible, even if the T. rex jaw muscles attached to only exist in parallel, non-overlapping structure. Triceratops pelvis under the teeth marks on the calculated pressure for this tooth is about 6,400 cattle. If you use this data to calculate the force exerted maxillary 153,600 cattle. Because the impression left in the biological death is unlikely to show the biggest bite force of T. rex. Overall, predators will choose with their body rather or smaller prey. Individual animals often choose to hunt with his body very or smaller prey; groups often prey predator creatures much larger than their prey body. Allosaurus body under the terms Allosaurus groups have the ability to hunt in the same period of the adult lizard feet long. According to this relationship, combined with the weight of Tyrannosaurus Rex (5-6 tons), regardless of their group hunt or not, have the ability to kill the same period of large herbivorous dinosaurs: as close to its size Triceratops. Time in dealing with large prey, a strong capacity to assist bite prey, whether hunters are choking each other by biting the trachea, cervical damage to nerves bad bite, or bite through the body tactics endanger the vital organs. T. rex bite force in accordance with, suggesting that the most likely use the second method. The authors concluded: According to the Tyrannosaurus Rex's bite force and body, suggesting it may be a single predator. Site view: the shortcomings of the article is: no proof of 183,000 to 235,000 beef cattle can achieve the destruction of large prey Tyrannosaurus Rex (duck-billed dinosaur class Triceratops) the role of cervical nerve cervical threatening, but said there was calculated to be studied. Nor Tyrannosaurus jaw muscles attached to the specific analysis. In this paper, the method may be referred to T. rex hunt and most carnivorous animals is different, so are animals according to the data a bit far-fetched conclusions. Theropod dinosaurs, no similar descendants, birds and crocodiles are even close, one without teeth, a Steak ambush in the water. Animals is not easy under the current analysis. English description: tyrannosaurus: one kind of fierceness food meat dinosaur.survival in late chalk world.is the known biggest land raw food meats, the body length 15 meters, only the forehead has 1.5 meter long, the body reaches as high as 6 meters.the skull is unwieldy, is high and is laterally flat, has two very in a big way the hole, the eye socket assumes the ellipse at present.the tooth is extremely developed.in the tooth bone, Yu between the bone and the praerticulare has the thick active ligament to adhere firmly the trace, the neck bone is short, some 9 ~ 10 cervical vertebra, its construction feather is the short width.the pectoral girdle degenerates, the shoulder blade is tall and slender, but the humerus is short, long only has the shoulder blade one half.the first foot degeneration is fragile, only some two figures, also possibly survive the middle finger.the tyrannosaurus waistband grows extremely, the structure is extremely compact, not only ilium and sacral vertebra close cicatrization, ischium and pubis far-end also each other fitting in same place; his / her the pubis far-end expands assumes the full shape thickly suddenly, but ischium far-end for clavate.the such sturdy waistband structure, indicated its hind legs activity is intense.the tyrannosaurus main life in the rolling country, as main preys on the object take the phytophagy reptile.because periphery living conditions change, tyrannosaurus in late chalk world most later period extinction diplodocus: dinosaur body long: 27 meters heights: 12 meters dinosaur body weight: 10 tons dinosaur food: grass food survival age: 145 million -1 155 million years ago, latejurassic period survival place: us's colorado state, montana state, utah andwyoming state identifies must definitely: the tail is specially long dinosaur type: saurischia · sauropoda in the dinosaur family, the stature biggest had to be the diplodocus.their gao youchang, simply looks like a building.normally the stature so huge diplodocus, the body weight also should be heavy, may they only then more than 10 ton heavy, these but actually often be in fact heavier than they small many dinosaur them on several times.originally, the diplodocus bone is extremely special, not only inside the bone is hollow, moreover very is also light.therefore, the diplodocus such colossus could not break down by oneself huge stature pressure.
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Scientific classification
Chinese name (Chinese) → Tyrannosaurus Rex Latin Literature Name (Name) → Tyrannosaurus Pronunciation (Pronounced) → tye-RAN-uh-SAWR-us Meaning (Meaning) → Generic name: tyrant lizard (lizard king of cruelty) Species name: Tyrannosaurus Rex Field (total community): the eukaryotic domain (total sector) Sector: the animal kingdom Animalia Door: Door Chordata Chordata Programme: lizard-shaped outline Sauropsida Head: Head Dinosauria Dinosaur Head: Saurischia Saurischia Suborders: Theropoda Theropoda Section: tyrannosaurids Tyrannosauridae Genus: Tyrannosaurus is Tyrannosaurus Osborn, 1905 Species Tyrannosaurus Rex T. rex (type species) Osborn, 1905 Synonyms Manospondylus Cope, 1892 Dynamosaurus Osborn, 1905 ? Dwarf Tyrannosaurus Nanotyrannus Bakker, Williams & Currie, 1988 Dark pulse Dragon Stygivenator Olshevsky, 1995 Tyrannosaurus Dinotyrannus fear Olshevsky, 1995 Head (Order) → Saurischia Saurischia Suborder (Suborder) → Theropoda Theropoda Class (Infraorder) → Neotheropoda new theropod Tetanurae strong tail dragon Avetheropoda birds foot class Coelurosauria Coelurosauria Maniraptorifromes maniraptorans Shaped Tyrannosauroidea Tyrannosaurus superfamily Division (Family) → Tyrannosauridae tyrannosaurids Subfamily (Subfamily) → Tyrannosaurinae Tyrannosaurus subfamily Family (Tribe) → Tyrannosaurini storm Dragon Genus (Genus) → Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus The type species (TYPE SPECIES) → T. rex Tyrannosaurus rex Other species (OTHER SPECIES) → ... Error attributable to species (MISASSIGNED SPECIES) → T. amplus = Aublysodon amplus T. bataar = Special Tyrannosaurus T. bataar T. efremovi = Special Tyrannosaurus T. efremovi T. gigantus = T. rex T. imperiosus = T. rex T. lancensis = T. rex T. lancinator = Special Tyrannosaurus T. bataar T. lanpingensis = Special Tyrannosaurus T. lanpingensis T. luanchuanensis = Luanchuan Special Tyrannosaurus Special Tyrannosaurus 【Form Of Biological Encyclopedia Chinese Scientific Name Chinese Name: Tyrannosaurus genus. Emperors species Japanese Literature Name Japanese Name: Te ィ ス ラ ノ レ サ ウ Hikaru ッ ス ク Biological species scientific name Science Biology Name: Tyrannosaurus Rex Pronounced Pronounced: tye-RAN-uh-SAWR-us Meaning of Meaning: Generic name: Tyrannosaurus brutal lizard Species name: Rex king Category: Biology Biology Animals Fauna / Animalia Eukaryotic domain Eukarya Door Chordata chordate Vertebrate subphylum Vertebrata Quadruped Chaogang Tetrapoda Gang Reptilia Reptiles Double Kong Yagang Diapsida Under the main dragon-shaped outline Archosauromorpha Bird neck Head Ornithodira Super Head Dinosauria Dinosaur Saurischia Saurischia Theropod Theropoda Jian Mei dragon Tetanurae Birds foot Class Avetheropoda Coelurosauria Coelurosauria Maniraptorans Shaped Maniraptorifromes Tyrannosaurus superfamily Tyrannosauroidea Tyrannosaurids Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus subfamily Tyrannosaurinae Dragon Tyrannosaurini violence Is Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus Is Tyrannosaurus. Emperors species Tyrannosaurus Rex Survival Time Period: Late Cretaceous (Senonian K3 = Santonian ~ Maastrichtian million to 65 million years ago 85 million years extinct) Find locations Found in site: United States, Canada, Mongolia, China Found in strata Stratum: Late Cretaceous Natural enemies Natural enemy: similar Diet Diet Diet: carnivorous biological Closest living organisms: birds, crocodiles Typical size: Length Length: 15.5 米 Height Heigh: 6.1 米 Speculated that weight Mass: 7 到 8 吨 Discovered Discoverer: Brown (1905 found) Named by First described: Henry. Osborne 1905 by the American Museum of Natural History curator Henry. Osborne (Henry Osborn) named Tyrannosaurus rex in the Late Cretaceous to dominate the moment, as the "brutal violence lizard king."
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Introduction Overview
Also known as Tyrannosaurus rex, type species and the only valid species is Tyrannosaurus Rex (Tyrannosaurus rex), also known as Rex Long, is a large carnivorous dinosaur, body length of 13 meters and weighing about 7 tonnes, lived in the Cretaceous Maastrichtian end of the last 300 years, dating back some 6850 years to 6550 years, the Cretaceous - Tertiary extinction event dinosaur species before the last one. Fossils found in the western United States and Canada in North America, distribution tyrannosaurids wider than the other. Tyrannosaurus rex is the ancient Greek name means "tyrant lizard" in Latin, Italian kind of nickname for the king. Some scientists believe that Asia's Warriors special Tyrannosaurus (Tarbosaurus bataar) is the second T. rex is a valid species, while other scientists believe that T. rex is an independent special case. In addition there are many species tyrannosaurids have been proposed, but they are considered more than a synonym of T. rex, or classified in other genera. As with other tyrannosaurids dinosaur Tyrannosaurus is bipedal, carnivorous dinosaur, a large skull, and by long, heavy tail to maintain balance. Relative to their large powerful hind legs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs are very small. A long time, Tyrannosaurus rex was that only two fingers, but in 2007 a complete Tyrannosaurus rex found in the fossil, indicating that they may have three fingers. Tyrannosaurus may be of the top predators, to classes and ceratopsians hadrosaur dinosaurs for food, but some scientists believe that T. rex is a kind of scavenger. Although there are other theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus size and equivalent to or greater than the tyrannosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus rex is still the largest animal subjects, but also one of the most famous land-based predators. At present, more than 30 specimens of Tyrannosaurus Rex has been confirmed, including the number of fossils with a high degree of integrity. A large number of fossils of Tyrannosaurus rex material, so that scientists have enough information of Tyrannosaurus physiological levels, including growth patterns and biomechanics, and some researchers have also found soft tissue and proteins. But T. rex's diet, physical activity and speed, which is still controversial. Tyrannosaurus rex is the two-legged walking in the late Cretaceous period 065 million years ago, living mainly in the vast region of western North America. At present, scientists still question whether T. rex was slow movements agile scavengers or predators, but whether it's food is alive or dead, it will prey mouth large, carnivorous dinosaurs that eat will be very bloody time
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Survival time
Age: Late Cretaceous (Late Cretaceous late Maastrichtian)
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Species distribution
Distribution (Found in) → Alberta, Canada, New Mexico, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, Henan, Xinjiang, China Tianshan Huoyanshan Found in strata (Stratum) → ... The size of Tyrannosaurus rex and the proportion of the human diet (Diet) → meat Typical body length (Length) → length of about 6 meters 15 meters Speculated that weight (Mass) → 6.5-7 tons Discoverer (Discoverer) → Brown (Barnum Brown) 1902 Named person (First described) → enjoy Liao Si the (Osborn), 1905
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Details
Tyrannosaurus rex ever recorded may be living on Earth one of the largest carnivorous dinosaur. It is the latest of a carnivorous, it has sixty jagged edges sharp teeth, some up to 18 cm long. It has huge jaws; just head up to 1.3 meters, it may be able to eat a whole person ─ ─ time around if there are human beings really exist. Tyrannosaurus rex stood taller than two stories high, one can swallow a cow, a very strange little front foot Tyrannosaurus Rex, and the human arm little different, so some scientists believe that T. rex could not predation, can eat the dead. Tyrannosaurus monster for the whole body seems to be designed to attack other dinosaurs; head long and narrow, muscular cheeks, neck short and thick, strong body. Strong hind legs stout, the tail not too long, you can back straight in order to balance the body, open its mouth, there are about 15 cm of teeth ... ... but a disproportionately small forelimbs, and only two weak fingers. It has been that the T. rex is a heavy, slow animals, but recent studies suggest that T. rex a run up to 40 kilometers per hour, If so, I am afraid that nothing can escape its prey to kill the.
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Seminar inquiry
The fossil record provides little evidence about the Tyrannosaurus Rex courtship, we can only present a similar behavior of the animals to imagine their courtship display. Tyrannosaurus rex is a large predator, it more than any of its prey is far greater. Therefore, it can separate Liaodao its prey and will most likely live a solitary life. (With T. rex and other activities is flawed, because it would reduce the number of prey.) In today's large carnivores like bears and cheetahs similar phenomenon can also be found. On the other hand, despite the public Tyrannosaurus Rex wandering around, looking for the spouse, and mother of T. rex is a clear field. The next question is how to attract the wandering male female Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaurs? Public pursuit of the mother T. rex T. rex with food. In the course of animal courtship, these gifts as food, or can be called "love chips" are very important. This sometimes arises from the nest when the female incubates the eggs of dinosaurs will be under the circumstances. She needs to eat to maintain the best condition to lay eggs. Public dinosaurs prove that it can be pretty good for access to food. In this example, has a spin factor: the mother Tyrannosaurus rex are larger than a large public, so as to avoid being the mother of public Tyrannosaurus rex as the delights of food eaten in the mother T. rex fed and happy to maintain the status. In the imagination of scientists, mating behavior around the body continuously for a while. (Kemo more monitor lizards like the mating of food around.) But in the end the mother Tyrannosaurus rex would fiercely forced to leave the company. Tyrannosaurus rex fighting between individuals is a significant feature. Skull and bones of their more or less terrible wounds and bite marks. And we know that among the many examples show that this is not because they were welling up in the body due to the death. We have evidence on the healing (for example, grow new bone), the evidence that the wound is still alive in the animal caused.
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Tyrannosaurus Introduction
In 1902, an American collector of dinosaur fossils, Barnum Brown, Montana in the United States Hale Creek found a giant carnivorous animal bones, when he was the staff of the National Museum of History. After two summers, he have been excavated from a hard sandstone matrix. As a heavy bones, so he created a special sled with the horses drag, That the bones transported to a nearby road. - He found the first bones of a Tyrannosaurus Rex! The world's largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton "Sue" In 1910, Barnum Brown, the expedition team led by Alberta, Canada Red Deer River Valley within the massive collection began. He used a large wooden raft, rowing is a mobile camp on the river to find fossils and excavation. The raft is also the transport of fossil tool, as with the carriage transport will damage the fossil. Brown found there was a very well-protected Styracosaurus, helmet, dragon, and sharp corners, and some dragons dinosaur fossil skeleton fossils skin. Museum in New York, Brown's boss can not wait Osborne named Tyrannosaurus his animals made public, while the installation frame, Brown and Osborne to model the style alive Tyrannosaurus remodeling, but they can not to weigh two tonnes of bones to form the image in their mind - "smart as a beast of a bird," they had to slow him to form upright appearance, we now think is not correct, in fact, to maintain this error 50 years.
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Raptors Truth
Tyrannosaurus rex, the scientific name means Tyrannosaurs.Rex brutal lizard king of carnivorous dinosaurs appeared in the latest, and most large, most of the more powerful species. Tyrannosaurus rex probably is the biggest terrestrial carnivore, six thousand million years ago extinction, the end of the Cretaceous. Tyrannosaurus Rex's head is very large (about 1.2 meters). Strong jaw serrated edges on the teeth long, thick like a huge bird's feet, the fingers having strong claws. And sturdy feet comparison, T. rex's arms and the skull was inversely proportional to the small, shorter than the human hand, according to paleontologists believe that this may be due to Tyrannosaurus Rex wax only catch with the mouth, forelimbs rarely used, and thus gradually become Short smaller, and thus evolve into standing by the hindlimbs, forelimbs and hind limbs as weapons degradation, which evolved into this strange body structure, although the body of a huge Tyrannosaurus rex, skeleton Queshi Kong heart and head in some large hollow hole, thus making weight loss, easy walking and hunting. 12-15 meters in length and body height of about 5.5 meters, weighing seven tons, Tyrannosaurus rex tail long and thick, appears to be a strong offensive and defensive weapons, probably often the focus of hind limbs and tail, suggesting that hindlimb very strong and tail part of the muscle, damaging more powerful than a tornado! Tyrannosaurus rex fossil forelimb precious Generally, scholars believe that the dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex is the most brutal carnivorous dinosaurs, it appears the time is already late age of dinosaurs, about six thousand five hundred years from now. T. rex's body for up to 14 meters and weighing about 10 tons, it is very thick rear strong, even with their big hold up is a raw image. From the T. rex fossil found that each of its large and small teeth, some teeth length, much longer than human hands, some as small as a human little finger a tooth from the apex to the base, there are jagged oblique rotation , the ferocious, is evident, a strong jaw amazing crocodile jaws of dozens of maxillary first power sum of all the dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex's head is the largest and most powerful, carnivorous animals of this terrible use grows saber-like teeth of the giant jaw, brutally killed a prey, and then reverse the strong neck, would tear down the mouth of the meat. The Xuepentaikou more open scary, which students with two rows of sharp teeth bent inward, each with twenty to thirty centimeters long teeth, a bite but was, even with tough bony body armor of large herbivorous dinosaurs will not bear. 】 【Living environment Tyrannosaurus rex family in the early Cretaceous flowering plants appeared in the T. rex to dominate the world during the life of the ecosystem, 90% of the leaf fossils are found in North Dakota, in the collection of more than 30,000 fossil leaves , 90% of the fossils belong to broad leaf plants. Now, in the T. rex were found in the vicinity, there are still times of coniferous plants, such as Tyrannosaurus rex and its relatives larch plants, was the scene and Florida or southern Georgia are similar to some of the area tree, about 30 15 m, trunk diameter less than 0.3 meters. Tyrannosaurus Rex living in the era of the modern branches of plants have emerged. Tyrannosaurus Rex living environment so do not think strange. Species evolution The earliest ancestor of Tyrannosaurus Rex from the late Triassic Eoraptor (Eoraptor), it is only 0.9 meters in length, less than 1 m, weighing only 5-7 kg. Pirates of the dragon's lower jaw before the middle without some kind of vegetarian dinosaurs additional connections. But in the middle of the jaw, there is a bend that allows the activities of the jaw joints, bite things when the jaws when the game will be tight vise, while the Raptors have this jaw! It also has some interesting places, such as Eoraptor has five "fingers", and subsequently the carnivorous dinosaurs of the "finger" tends to reduce the number of the, to the last occurrence of T. rex and other large carnivorous dinosaurs, only two "finger" of the. Again, Eoraptor only three vertebrae lumbar support belt with it was small, but the dinosaur was becoming larger and larger, the support of the waist belt to increase the number of vertebrae. So how T. rex evolved from a dog the size of a monster 13 meters long? For decades, paleontologists have always thought that T. rex is a descendant of the other huge predators, such as Allosaurus, which is the largest and more the last generation of dinosaur teeth, which is super-carnivorous dinosaurs assumption seems to be granted, But this is not correct. Jurassic Allosaurus was the largest carnivorous dinosaurs. 11 meters in length, estimated weight of 1.5 to 2 tons of action agile ferocious predators, hunting prey may leap lap, hence the name. Speculated that it would launch a surprise lurking in the plant leaves, strong forelimbs have three claws on the long, as an important weapon, generally medium to large herbivorous dinosaurs for food, is undoubtedly the strongest dinosaur predators, but to the mid-Cretaceous, Yuelong on Earth suddenly disappeared, replaced most of the land on the natural history of hunting animals - Tyrannosaurus Rex (Tyrannosaurus.rex). In recent years, and carnivorous dinosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex found in many different place now, took its feet as an example, it is striking that the third toe end of the Cretaceous many dinosaur features, but they are small dinosaur, they not a large carnivorous dinosaurs we know, such as the ostrich like dragons. Tyrannosaurus rex is a small carnivorous animals, but later evolved into a very large size, and other large carnivorous dinosaurs that they do not have any association, from the anatomical analysis can easily identify those not related to dinosaurs and the Tyrannosaurus Rex. This dinosaur was a turning point in the evolution of T. rex, and other small predatory dinosaurs were different, it is the use of jaws to kill their prey, rather than using the forelimbs. Such adaptive changes caused by the rise of T. rex and its unique shape, the first Tyrannosaurus rex from Drung, Drung slender body, the legs are very long. Evolution to the Alberta Lung, its head becomes larger, the legs become shorter, and the Tyrannosaurus Rex Alberta Lung similar, but look, when each feature will find it more primitive than the Tyrannosaurus Rex. In the end who is the nearest relatives of T. rex? Paleontologists believe that there are two possibilities: North America's fear of the dragon, Tyrannosaurus Rex in the eyes of a large bone above the sudden, the evil found in the Montana T. rex fossil, the bone penetration to less prominent in the early fear of the dragon body even smaller. Asia, especially T. rex, was originally known as Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus special, but the fact is they have a lot of Yi Chu, for example, after connecting the head part of the brain stem.
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Tyrannosaurus: ferocious predators
In the paleontology field into a Tyrannosaurus rex really the argument is a positive predators. Tyrannosaurus Rex Raptor predation active predators reproduce the scene of the argument: Tyrannosaurus Rex's hearing is very special, it should be said in very special position on the skull, as well as to collect the sound to a specific direction, it is the appearance of the ear with the other dinosaurs difference small, but there is a huge change in internal structure. In this way, T. rex could hear for wider range, may be able to hear the other dinosaurs difficult to hear low-frequency sound waves. Speculated that T. rex dinosaur may be issued by the bass (most of the duck-billed dinosaur class) as prey. Also, T. rex's jaws are competent to hunting, like other prey animals, its teeth are curved backwards, the central cusp toward the mouth, which means that, when the struggling prey in the mouth, only can escape to the direction of the throat. Moreover, its teeth have deep roots, which makes teeth strong and not easily broken, but can bite through bone, which is the cause of Tyrannosaurus jaw so deep - more than two-thirds of the tooth is buried in the gums in the . Moreover, the delicate serrated teeth around the front and back sides, and their role as a small hook, serrated piercing the muscle, the hook can be caught in the meat fibers, placing it between the teeth, serrated edge between the tooth cutting edge enough to tear fiber. Eat carrion argument: active predators should be the most well-developed visual system, but Rex is not the case, on the contrary, it is the most developed sense of smell, and well-developed sense of smell, there is no doubt a prerequisite for scavengers. Also, T. rex's enormous size, which is conducive to rush away from hunting those animals.
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Tracking Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus rex is one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs, before people think T. rex could run swiftly, just as they catch up in the movie Jishi car as much as 72 km per hour, there is little prey to escape the claws . However, in February 28 issue of the British "Nature" magazine, an American research team published their research on Tyrannosaurus movement that determines the physical structure of T. rex could not run them, only 18 to 40 per hour km speed walk. The researchers used computer simulations of different animals move through the length of the legs, athletic stance and other parameters required to estimate the animals run the minimum weight of the leg muscles. Calculations show that the greater weight of the animal, it relies on to run the required two-legged leg muscles the greater the proportion of total body weight. An ordinary chicken, leg muscle weight only reached about 17%. However, a weight of 6 tons of Tyrannosaurus rex, if it can run, it will be more than the leg muscles of the body weight of the total weight of 80%. The existing land vertebrate leg muscles generally do not reach 50% of body weight. For comparison, the researchers also calculated the size of a Tyrannosaurus rex chicken if you want to run, the leg muscles will account for 99% of body weight - it is almost impossible. The researchers concluded that, Raptors velocity may not exceed 40 km per hour. If you are locked in a Tyrannosaurus rex, run fast enough, then it is possible to escape. For a long time, scientists T. rex predator or scavenger who is this issue is controversial. Some experts say this latest research results may be informative to rely on scavengers living Tyrannosaurus Rex, Tyrannosaurus running slower because of its weaker forearm, not for hunting. But others believe that, Raptors to action should still be able to capture the relatively slow herbivores.
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Tyrannosaurus rex fossil excavated in China
In the Turpan Basin, the location of Vertebrate Paleontology by the Chinese Academy of Sciences 1964-1966, to discover the many dinosaur fossils. Where there is a large, carnivorous dinosaurs - especially Tyrannosaurus. Particular was a large dinosaur meat, and tap into the specimen a total of five teeth with incomplete hip. It belongs to the tyrannosaurids. In the Late Cretaceous in Asia, especially T. rex is a widespread species. In 1972, Luan River County, Henan Province, Song Pa Village Formation in the autumn, to discover five large teeth dinosaurs Dong Zhiming authority named in the Luan River in 1979, Tyrannosaurus (T. rex). Tyrannosaurs in the geological history of all land animals, the most ferocious carnivores large and fall of rock in picking the first basin is located in Lake County in the vicinity of River Crest Late Cretaceous strata of sand from purple mudstone, the most the bottom of the gravel with brick red. T. rex bite force and feeding the results of new research Thesis: "Maximum Bite Force and Prey Size of Tyrannosaurus rex and Their Relationships to the Inference of Feeding Behavior" OF: MASON B. MEERS Source: Historical Biology, March 2002 Vol. 16 (1), pp. 1-12 Translation: Yan Tianyang - Chinese Dinosaurs Network (Dinosaur.net.cn) The world's most complete Tyrannosaurus rex fossil from a Tyrannosaurus rex skull skull shape of view, the upper jaw wide and narrow, when the upper and lower teeth bite force applied is relatively incomplete, is conducive to gnaw bones. Compared with the Tyrannosaurus Rex, Allosaurus jaw width on the close, when the teeth bite force exerted relatively little, is not conducive to "grab off" bones. Tyrannosaurus Rex into a semi-circular conical teeth for crushing bones, dinosaur teeth and most of meat is used for puncture. T. rex skull structure shows its predator behavior may be most theropod dinosaurs and not the same. We bite force based on biology and the proportion of body weight, this ratio is based on meat of mammals, crocodiles, turtles and lizards that collected data (the data of aquatic organisms meat because the buoyancy of the factors not used). If we only use the crocodilians (closer relationship with the dinosaurs) data to calculate the maximum bite force is 183,000 cattle; is calculated based on 88,000 breast-feeding cattle; After studying the animals in accordance with all data collected 235,000 cattle. But difficult to truly measure the maximum bite force of animals, this data may be different from the real situation. The maximum bite force of T. rex about 183,000 to 235,000 beef cattle, and to impose such a huge force to be attached to the tyrannosaurus rex jaw muscles around 6300-8000 square centimeters. The jaw muscles attached to the tyrannosaurus rex in the text no introduction, but the researchers claim that it is entirely possible, even if the T. rex jaw muscles attached to only exist in parallel, non-overlapping structure. Triceratops pelvis under the teeth marks on the calculated pressure for this tooth is about 6,400 cattle. If you use this data to calculate the force exerted maxillary 153,600 cattle. Because the impression left in the biological death is unlikely to show the biggest bite force of T. rex. Overall, predators will choose with their body rather or smaller prey. Individual animals often choose to hunt with his body very or smaller prey; groups often hunt prey creatures much larger than their prey body. Allosaurus body under the terms Allosaurus groups have the ability to hunt in the same period of the adult lizard feet long. According to this relationship, combined with the weight of Tyrannosaurus Rex (5-6 tons), regardless of their group hunt or not, have the ability to kill the same period of large herbivorous dinosaurs: as close to its size Triceratops. Time in dealing with large prey, a strong capacity to assist bite prey, whether hunters are choking each other by biting the trachea, cervical damage to nerves bad bite, or bite through the body tactics endanger the vital organs. T. rex bite force in accordance with, suggesting that the most likely use the second method. The authors concluded: According to the Tyrannosaurus Rex's bite force and body, suggesting it may be a single predator.
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"Cause of the extinction"
Scientists previously thought, including T. rex dinosaur species, including a giant comet impact earth as a result of extinction, but in fact they are more likely to be subjected to a modern bird can kill a single cell parasite attacks. Scientists at the Museum of Natural History in Chicago called for a "break" the Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton in-depth analysis, they found a female Tyrannosaurus rex in the jaw there is a small hole, which is due to something called "Trichomonas disease (trichomonosis) "birds parasitic infections. Until this study was published before the scientists think that this hole with a T. rex jaw may be left behind with the other dinosaurs fight to the. Now scientists pointed out that only 42 feet long, 7-ton dinosaur's throat and mouth had been subjected to severe parasite infection, and eventually died of hunger can not eat. The latest study focuses on "rest" which a female Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur and other nine state fossil throat injury after scientists think this is a major fight between dinosaurs bite or caused by bacterial infection. State University of Wisconsin-Madison, dinosaur expert Ivan - Wolf (Ewan Wolff) is one of the authors of the study co-author, said: "In modern birds, disease trichomoniasis caused us concern, which may explain the mystery of dinosaurs throat of the potential damage the main reason. When we started in-depth attention to trichomoniasis, and found many dinosaur signs of trichomoniasis infection. " Body in birds, trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas caused. This parasite is usually spread by pigeons and other birds, pigeons often carry trichomonas, but rarely symptoms of the disease. The Falcon and the Eagle lead to throat infection, but after a serious injury. Wolf said that this type of injury is very close to the dinosaurs throat throat cut a small hole appeared. Wolf stressed that T. rex and other dinosaurs, fighting between the wound is not common, but this type of injury occurs with the current injury in the throat there is a clear difference. Trichomonas hole caused by the wound edges look more smooth and neat, and bite wounds caused by fighting but it is very rough, while their wounds and the marks left on bones is not the same. Tyrannosaurus rex is a social animal, they often live together, hunt together, eat, or even between each other, they sometimes bloodthirsty. Wolf said that trichomoniasis is likely to be addicted to food by the saliva or the same spread, but it is worth noting that scientists epidemic does not appear in other species of dinosaur body. This allows us guessing Tyrannosaurus rex probably the main source of trichomoniasis, the disease only in their living environment in the spread. Wolf pointed out that the body of Trichomonas infection in the T. rex with the spread of "priority", or even cause them to die of the disease is the direct cause. When their throat injury serious infections can not eat, whether they be strong physically, the body will be weak because of hunger and may cause death. Currently, the new study published in a recent issue of "PLoS" (PLoS ONE) magazine.
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French Expression
n. tyrannosaure, Tyrannosaurus Rex
Related Phrases
dinosaur
alga
carboniferous
trias
China
Tyrannosaurus
kazuo
world's largest
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quench domination WANG beast
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