The snow lotus. Qing Ji Yun "Notes of Summer recorded three Luan Yang": "Beyond the Great Wall there is snow lotus, Health Chongshan snow in the ocean now daisy-like." Bi Ye, "Tianshan scene in mind": "Beyond the Tianshan Mountains, above the snow line, we can see green cold snow of coldness in the erect like a blossoming ownership and mortgage the material. "see" snow lotus. "
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No. 2
Latin name saussurea involucrata kar. Et kir. Et maxim. Chinese name Saussurea La Dingke name compositae Chinese Family Name Asteraceae Protection Level 3 Distribution of Xinjiang / Tibet / Qinghai / Gansu
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Saussurea status
Are increasingly endangered species. Snow Lotus in China located in the northwest of Alpine mountain. Is a highly effective medicinal plants. As the over-excavation, seed germination rate is low, reproductive difficulties, slow growth, if not take effective measures to be strictly protected, there will be danger of extinction. If this rate continues, as at present, less than 10 years will be extinct. Lower altitude (m) 2400 Maximum altitude (m) 4000
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Morphology
Perennial herb, 15-25 (-35) cm; Rhizome thick, dark brown, brown leaves and the base of the handle the majority of remaining fiber; stems solitary, erect, hollow, 2-4 cm in diameter, glabrous. Leaves dense, almost leathery, green leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 14 cm, 2-4 cm wide, apex obtuse or slightly pointed, decurrent base, with sparse small serrated edge, with a papillary glandular hairs The most upper bract 13-17, membranous and transparent, light yellow, with a neat edge sparse teeth, a little to be glandular hairs, apex obtuse tip, base contracted, often beyond the inflorescence 2-fold. Capitulum 10-30, gathered at the stem end was spherical; involucre hemispherical, phyllaries 3-4 layers, nearly membranous, lanceolate, acute tip, the edge of the black, he hair; flower purple, about 14 mm. Achenes oblong, with longitudinal ribs; crested two layers, the outer layer of short, rough hairy, inner long, feathery.
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Saussurea Features
Snow lotus grows in the mountains are usually snow line. Climate variability, impermanence hot and cold, rain and snow alternately, the highest monthly average temperature of 3 - 5 ℃, the lowest monthly average temperature-l9 --- 21 ℃, annual precipitation is about 800 mm, frost-free period only 50 days. Alpine meadow soil to soil, organic matter content of 8.5 - 11%, nitrogen 4.5 - 10%. As the environmental conditions, generally difficult to grow plants, only a handful of cold, low temperature of Carex carex spp., Kobresia kobresia spp. And associated with a variety of alpine perennial herb. Saussurea In this harsh mountain conditions, slow growth, at least 4 - 5 years to bear fruit. However, due to the short growing season, it quickly in a short period of time germination, growth, flowering and results. Flowering in July, the fruit of August.
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Conservation value
Snow lotus is a rare luxury alpine medicinal plants, thus protecting the snow lotus germplasm resources, whether in science or medicine on great significance.
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Protection measures
Recommended Saussurea distribution or concentration of the Ili establish nature conservation point of the Altai mountains, to special protection.
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Cultivation
Seed propagation. However, the various sub-ripe, cold mountain snow season is difficult to collect seed, resulting in introduction and cultivation difficulties. Proposed research in nature reserves in the germination of seed and biological characteristics, and to carry out planting and transplanting Saussurea introduction to the original habitat of the test.
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Supplement
Asteraceae Saussurea is Saussurea Saussurea is a subgenus of herbs. It grows at an altitude of 4800-5800 meters high mountain streams and rock slope near the gravel between the snow line. The sub-genus of 20 species of plants, most produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. Tibet has the following seven kinds: (1) Himalayan snow lotus, production Yadong, Nyalam; (2) three-finger snow lotus, production Basu, Bomi, plus check, Cona and Yadong; (3) cotton head Saussurea , middle east and wrong it is; (4) small fruit snow lotus, production application Sapporo, Nanmulin, Zhongba, Kaplan, Zanda; (5) Cona snow lotus, specialty Cona; (6) clusters snow lotus, production Geelong; (7) medusa, flung region. More than 7 species, the whole plant can be used as medicine, there are relieving, impotence, blood warm Palace of the function; attending women's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and kidney, back pain, embolism, medusa have cardiac effects. Qing, Zhao Xuemin book "Supplement to Compendium of Materia Medica" art in there, "Big Chill in the snow, spring and summer leave and the snow between the grass, like lotus stems alone, Ting-ting between the lovely snow" and "to have its Tianshan, winter snow, snow lotus has to Tianshan peaks were the first "records. Properties: bitter, bitter, warm; Indications: detoxification, rheumatism, swelling, pain. For head trauma, gynecological disease, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, altitude sickness, and topical swelling.
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Saussurea usage
Wine agent: Snow Lotus 50g; white wine 500ml, soak 10 days, daily 30-50ml. Bleeding wounds: This grind to powder, and topical.
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Saussurea medicine
Snow Lotus Tibetan people will be divided into male and female two, said that the female can be eaten with a sweet, bitter male band. The lotus plant taxonomy will divided into subgenera and snow rabbit snow lotus subgenus into two categories. Asian Tibetan snow lotus produced 13 species, snow rabbit subgenus 17 species, a total of 30 species. In addition to producing the Tibetan snow lotus, but in China's Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan are also distributed. Folk around the snow lotus whole plant medicine, attending snow blind, toothache, arthritis, impotence, irregular menstruation, red collapse, vaginal embolism. India's civil snow lotus is also a number of chronic diseases to treat. Such as ulcers, hemorrhoids, bronchitis, heart disease, snake bites nose bleeding and embolism. Lotus in the Snow on Tibetan medicine and pharmacology has a long history as a drug. Tibetan medical literature, "Wang month drug Jane" and "Four Medical Classics," on both records. In addition, activity with estrogen-like effect, to extend the rat estrus and late estrus, and shorten the period between love and proestrus. However, colchicine toxicity can cause nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, severe cases of intestinal paralysis and constipation, limb pain and other side effects. As the snow lotus contains good efficacy and toxicity of colchicine, so people attending the sparkling wine with the snow lotus, when rheumatoid arthritis and gynecological diseases must not be much service. Although only the dry snow lotus products, but it still retains the flavor and some snow lotus effect, prepared when the need soaking for some time, then even the flowers with water into the dish, so the snow lotus flavor play.
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Growth environment
Lotus seed germination at zero degrees Celsius, the growth of three to five degrees Celsius. Seedlings can withstand -20 one degree Celsius cold. Less than two months in the growing season environment, able to exceed the height of five to seven times the other plants, although it to five years to bloom, but the actual number of days growth of only eight months. This biology is quite unique. Form of tender and beautiful snow lotus, this situation may be crystallization of complex climate changing now! Its black roots, leaf green, white shell, bonuses, like the mythical elements in the red helmet armor. Green A Zaoxue. The White Snake sword in hand, standing in the Bingfeng cliff. Blizzard winds of the Department, constitute a wonderful drawing snow Yongjin Temple. Snow lotus shape and habitat
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Chef
Saussurea Hot Pot: The Tianshan snow lotus soup boiled dry, penetrating a faint fragrance, add Qi Zi, ginger, and blood thing, add blood function. Saussurea cake: water soaked the snow and the snow lotus lotus dry, crystal clear water chestnut powder made into cakes, there is the fragrance. Saussurea chicken [Formula] snow lotus 30 grams, Angelica, Astragalus, Codonopsis, 10 grams, chicken 1. [Usage] on the drug washed, and stewed chicken at the same time, one day, twice a meat soup. [Effect] kidney yang, tune up Chong Ning. 【Indications deficiency of infertility. Snow lotus grows in the altitude of 4800-5800 meters high mountain streams and rock slope near the gravel between the snow line. The sub-genus of 20 species of plants, most produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas.
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Morphology
Perennial herbs, high 15-25 (-35) cm; Rhizome thick, dark brown, brown leaves and the base of the handle the majority of remaining fiber; stems solitary, erect, hollow, 2-4 cm in diameter, glabrous. Leaves dense, almost leathery, green leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 14 cm, 2-4 cm wide, apex obtuse or slightly pointed, decurrent base, with sparse small serrated edge, with a papillary glandular hairs The most upper bract 13-17, membranous and transparent, light yellow, with a neat edge sparse teeth, a little to be glandular hairs, apex obtuse tip, base contracted, often beyond the inflorescence 2-fold. Capitulum 10-30, gathered at the stem end was spherical; involucre hemispherical, phyllaries 3-4 layers, nearly membranous, lanceolate, acute tip, the edge of the black, he hair; flower purple, about 14 mm. Achenes oblong, with longitudinal ribs; crested two layers, the outer layer of short, rough hairy, inner long, feathery. Saussurea not yacon.
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Chef
Saussurea Hot Pot: The Tianshan snow lotus soup boiled dry, penetrating a faint fragrance, add Qi Zi, ginger, and blood thing, add blood function. Saussurea cake: water soaked the snow and the snow lotus lotus dry, crystal clear water chestnut powder made into cakes, there is the fragrance. Saussurea chicken [Formula] snow lotus 30 grams, Angelica, Astragalus, Codonopsis, 10 grams, chicken 1. [Usage] on the drug washed, and stewed chicken at the same time, one day, twice a meat soup. [Effect] kidney yang, tune up Chong Ning. 【Indications deficiency of infertility. Snow lotus grows in the altitude of 4800-5800 meters high mountain streams and rock slope near the gravel between the snow line. The sub-genus of 20 species of plants, most produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. Cordyceps Saussurea duck stew Material: Caterpillar fungus, snow lotus, yam, red dates, duck Steps: 1, Cordyceps little bubble, snow lotus soaked clean. Package the material into the gauze. 2, the duck over the water to remove impurities. 3, the other from a pot, put all materials pot, pressure cooker small fire boring 25 minutes.
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Saussurea herbs
Asteraceae Saussurea is Saussurea Saussurea is a subgenus of herbs. It grows at an altitude of 4800-5800 meters high mountain streams and rock slope near the gravel between the snow line. The sub-genus of 20 species of plants, most produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. Tibet has the following 7: (1) Himalayan snow lotus, production Yadong, Nyalam; (2) three-finger snow lotus, production Basu, Bomi, plus check, Cona and Yadong; (3) cotton head snow lotus, middle east and wrong that is; (4) small fruit snow lotus, production application Sapporo, Nanmulin, Zhongba, Kaplan, Zanda; (5) Cona snow lotus, specialty Cona; (6) clusters snow lotus, production Geelong; (7) medusa, flung region. More than 7 species, the whole plant can be used as medicine, there are relieving, impotence, blood warm Palace of the function; attending women's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and kidney, back pain, embolism, medusa have cardiac effects. Why snow lotus can be tough to survive on the tip of the snow? Saussurea alpine environment has to adapt because of the biological characteristics, it leaves a very close like a long white cotton wool, just like cotton balls, cotton wool interwoven, forming numerous "small room" in the gas chamber is difficult to exchange with the outside world during the day in the sun direct irradiation, than the surrounding soil and air heat absorbed by the larger, to the intense evaporation; and cotton wool layer and allows the body from intense radiation. In addition, concentrated on the stem at the top of capitulum, often densely fill both sides of the long leaves of the encapsulation of cotton wool, as if wearing a white sweatshirt, in order to maintain the sign in the cold alpine environment, propagate take generations. Saussurea alpine environment, this adaptation is characterized by its long and cold in the mountains formed under arid conditions. As the snow lotus cells accumulated in the soluble sugars, proteins and lipids and other substances, causes cells to reduce the freezing point of liquid protoplasm, when the temperature dropped to below freezing in liquid protoplasm, the protoplasm within the water to penetrate into the cell gap and quality plasmolysis space ice. The protoplast gradually reduced, not compromised. When the weather gets warmer, ice melts, the water re-absorption by protoplasts sweep, the cell has returned to normal exotic alpine plants - lotus is to rely on such a cold feature, Han Shan in the high survival. Properties: bitter, bitter, warm; Indications: detoxification, rheumatism, swelling, pain. For head trauma, gynecological disease, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, altitude sickness, and topical swelling. Usage: wine agents: Snow Lotus 50g; white wine 500ml, soak 10 days, daily 30-50ml. Bleeding wounds: This grind to powder, and topical. Snow Lotus Tibetan people the efficacy and toxicity of the snow lotus is divided into male and female two, said that the female can be eaten with a sweet, bitter male band. The lotus plant taxonomy will divided into bunny snow lotus subgenera subgenus duplicitous and snow categories. Asian Tibetan snow lotus produced 13 species, snow rabbit subgenus 17 species, a total of 30 species. In addition to producing the Tibetan snow lotus, but in China's Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan are also distributed. Folk around the snow lotus whole plant medicine, attending snow blind, toothache, arthritis, impotence, irregular menstruation, red collapse, vaginal embolism. India's civil snow lotus is also a number of chronic diseases to treat. Such as ulcers, hemorrhoids, bronchitis, heart disease, snake bites nose bleeding and embolism. Lotus in the Snow on Tibetan medicine and pharmacology has a long history as a drug. Tibetan medical literature, "Wang month drug Jane" and "Four Medical Classics," on both records. Snow Lotus active ingredients with biological activity. Qi Zhong umbelliferone have significant antibacterial, antihypertensive sedative, antispasmodic effect; scopoletin with expelling wind, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, expectorant and anti-tumor effects in clinical acute chronic bronchitis, asthma treatment Han effective rate 96.6% apigenin with smooth muscle spasm and anti-ulcer effect; of antelope phenyl ketone significant choleretic effect. Particular interest is the snow lotus contained colchicine, the components of cell mitosis, a typical representative, can inhibit the growth of cancer cells, clinical for the treatment of cancer, particularly for breast cancer have a certain effect on skin cancer , diseases such as leukemia and He Jinshi a certain extent. Specific effects of acute attack of gout, 12 - 24 hours to reduce inflammation and relieve pain quickly, long-term use can reduce the number of attacks. In addition, activity with estrogen-like effect, to extend the rat estrus and late estrus, and shorten the period between love and proestrus. However, colchicine toxicity can cause nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, severe cases of intestinal paralysis and constipation, limb pain and other side effects. As the snow lotus contains good efficacy and toxicity of colchicine, so people attending the sparkling wine with the snow lotus, when rheumatoid arthritis and gynecological diseases must not be much service. Border Poets of the Tang Dynasty large latitude for the Frontier, "Western exquisite" Snow Lotus, thousands of years has been regarded as holy Xinjiang herdsmen embodiment, a symbol of love, King called the "sage grass", "alpine roses." "Supplement to Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Snow Lotus shape of lotus flower, up to Chi Xu, Yili products, etc., produced by the first peak of Tianshan Mountain." It chronicles the correct shape and origin of snow lotus. Asteraceae Saussurea perennial herb, also known as snow lotus, Shek Lin, was born in Xinjiang Tianshan, Altai Mountains, the Kunlun Mountains snow line near the chimney, rock walls and ice-sulfur gravel beaches, the Tianshan produced the highest quality are the best. Snow lotus is the responsibility of the Chinese name, containing polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, volatile oil, a variety of ingredients can be the whole plant medicine, sex Sim heat, a "pass through the blood circulation, expelling wind wins wet" warm Palace San rash and other effects, is indeed a good medicine gynecology. China's Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the peaks everywhere, the snow line grows a rare medicinal flowers - lotus. Asteraceae Saussurea Saussurea for the species, the distribution of local villagers in 2000 meters of rock crevices in the snow lotus, called "Shek Lin" in 3000 above the snow line in the vicinity of the snow lotus, lotus as real snow. Its plants up to 15 cm -50 cm general, childhood whole-plant flavor. Stem diameter, thick, the base fibrous Grottoes base. Leaves densely clustered, almost leathery, leaf tile raw, round or oblanceolate, oblong, sessile, serrated edges. 10-20 pieces of capitulum, stem top poly students spherical shape outsourcing to more than ten piece big membranaceous bract, bract slightly transparent, light yellow-green, shaped like petals, bloom, such as a large lotus flower, hence the name Saussurea. Its flowering period in July-August, September, strong. Snow lotus plant type appearance, fear of cold, proudly on top of the mountain, covered with the cold mountain spring. Snow Lotus individual is not high, out to the leaves; resistant to strong winds, but also moisture, cold. It has deep and sturdy roots of flexibility, interspersed with gravel and coarse in the soil, in harsh environmental conditions to thrive, and can breed, and continued future generations. According to the research, snow lotus is a valuable medicinal plants, containing volatile oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, sugars, tannins and other components, with in addition to Han Tan, impotence blood, warm house stasis, treatment irregular menstruation. Kidney lower back pain, rheumatism, menstrual blood embolism. Saussurea all Cheuk drugs, early flowering in July-August, when collected, the best efficacy. After the acquisition under the hot sun to put the sun to prevent the loss of volatile oil and the destruction of the active ingredient. Snow lotus can not Shuijianbi (because it contains volatile oil), multi-purpose white wine immersion, a large lotus plus white wine Jin, 7 days after the bubble can be taken. 2 day service, each 10 ml. For rheumatoid arthritis, backache, leg pain have a good effect. Snow Lotus, alias snow lotus, the Asteraceae perennial herb, it is not only rare plants, rare Chinese herbal medicine is world famous. First, the growth habit: a high altitude mountain snow lotus plant, climate and environment for a variety of complex, its underground part of the tolerable temperature below 30 ℃ below zero and can germinate in 5-39 ℃ under normal growth, flowering can be at minus 5 ℃ proudly opened under cold, stems, leaves, flowers will not wilt. Second, the kinds of choices: to choose full grain, brown big and shiny seeds, not to vote dry light, a small yellow-white Xuan tablets. Third, the species destroy the buds: the dormant species of snow lotus, first with 50 ℃ warm water to plant growth regulator triacontanol transferred to 0.1ppm solution, remove and soak the seed to dry about 8 hours, and then take root medicine ABT3 No. 1:1500, soak half a minute, can be planted. Purpose is to seed sterilization, and to promote rapid germination of seeds to take root, usually 8 ℃ -20 ℃ temperature of about 10 days emergence. The method can also be primed with a high temperature: the lotus Seed remove from triacontanol solution, in 20 ℃ -30 ℃ high temperature germination; be buds arch mouth 2 hours after the temperature around 18 ℃ training Miao, for about 12 small left and right, with planting to the paper tube in nutrition soil. Fourth, nutrition soil preparation and site _select_ion: paper tube with flower pots or seedling nutrition soil will be organic fertilizer, fine sand and humus in the soil at 2:2:6 for the preparation, then sieve to remove impurities and lumps of soil to obtain the soil PH value 5.5-6.5 effective. _Select_ more humid, warm, sunny, well-ventilated, to facilitate drainage, humus-rich sandy land together is appropriate, before leveling enough base fertilizer to manure decomposition, 1500 kg per mu, buried in turn, to be broadcast. Fifth, sowing and transplanting: the nutrition soil water mixture, shape into groups so as to reach hand, let go the bulk of the state; solid stone block into the paper tube, and then sow the seeds of training on the 0.5cm thick Nutrient soil. Paper tube placement above a thin layer of grass, water poured into the grass, keep the soil Nirvana run until the seedlings of two leaves, remove the paper simply on the thin grass, so that the seedlings to be light. Optimum growth temperature for the seedlings to 8 ℃ -22 ℃. When the seedlings to 5-6cm long time, so that can be transplanted into pots, greenhouses and fields. By row spacing 15cmx20cm for planting, the best choice for tomorrow or the rain, so that high survival rate. Six, field and fertilizer and water management: the snow lotus growth period, to be weeding tillage, soil water in time of drought, one drenched, but not pouring floods, hot summer day or evening to early morning watering is better; winter greenhouses to cultivate the best with snow or ice water the plants, their growth better. Weak short on growth, concentration of 1:6000 by adding growth hormone, the foliage spray. 1 to recover before flowering superphosphate, 20 kg per mu, flowering every eight days spraying a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, can improve the quality of flowers.
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Flowers 百科
Saussurea Introduction Saussurea (Saussurea involucrata Kar.et Kir.ex Maxim.) Families and genera: Asteraceae Alias: Characteristics: Distribution and habits: Propagation and cultivation: Seed propagation. However, the various sub-ripe, heavy snow season alpine region is difficult to collect seed, resulting in introduction and cultivation difficulties. Proposed research in nature reserves in the germination of seed and biological characteristics, and to carry out planting and transplanting Saussurea introduction to the original habitat of the test. Application: Vulnerable species. Snow lotus is a rare luxury alpine medicinal plants, thus protecting the snow lotus germplasm resources, whether in science or medicine on great significance. Photo:
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English Expression
lat.: saussurea involucrata kar. et kir. et maxim.
Related Phrases
Xinjiang
literature
a literary form,sentimental or descriptive composition,often rhymed