① In the metal, ivory, bone or other materials carefully carve the image of ~. ② carved works of art incomplete set of ~ already lost.
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diāo kè
In metal, wood, stone and other top carve graphics, decoration
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No. 3
In wood, stone, bone, metal carvings. Wei Li Tao Yuan, "The Truth of turbulent water": "that those words, the initial device Yellow Gold tin, red lacquer carving decoration rotten natural." Southern Liang Liu Hsiao-standard "broad Dear John": the "entertainment industry for decades carving, furnace hammer all things. "Qing Wang Shizhen" Pond North even talk about the four fanchuan Art Collection ":" to the collection the Du Mu "fanchuan set of" 20 volumes, see Xu Jian Um possession and after the Song version, the most refined carving. "
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No. 4
Refers to sculpture. Include Song Shen, "Meng Xi Bi Tan magic": "garden cauliflower learned into Dutch Chinese still have a Fozuo in flowers, shaped like a sculpture." Guo, "Notes on June 13 the Soviet Union": "street peppered with foreign goods, Pure Indian goods to crafts as much, ivory carving, incense box, paint flower leather trunk, can be seen everywhere. "qing" European Tour miscellanies of Venice ":" futuristic picture cubism sculpture, can be seen. "
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No. 5
Yu deliberately modified diction. Tandoori Fu "Send Bo Wah Shijun Liu Gap State" Poetry: "Shuiliao early sculpture, fiber cents For Zijin." Gold wen "Qin strategy": "Poetry is still carving, not Yuxian chisels marks." Qing Shen German submarine "Collection of Poems of LI Ming Shi order": "Five Characters air with ancient, patriarchal Chen Sikang music, however too much carving, not very natural."
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No. 6
Still tempering. "History of Qing Dynasty Ritual 1": "pour World Shu Chun during vertical, to all working days, Hong Liang Gong, carved human reason, at any time by Van Trees."
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Analysis of engraving techniques
The so-called technique is the creation of wood and author of the image space approach. This approach is mainly reflected in the reduction of the sense of carved and engraved. Rather, that is, from outside to inside, step by step through less waste, will form a gradual excavation revealed. In a second form of subtraction, we not only appreciate the work in the "shelling out" be happy, but also feel the blade produces a variety of special rhyme ignorant, some accidental effects, can work to generate new meaning rhyme. Therefore, wood art, the most significant exploration is to use a variety of blade, the creation of a suitable reflection of our intent. Blade like calligraphy, painting brush strokes, it can serve to strengthen and enrich the role of works of artistic effect. Beautiful strokes are formed to achieve a mastery of the technical performance. Always been good at copying a painting, the brush strokes than was the hardest, because stroke is the author's mind and skills of the combination is difficult to reflect any imitation of things. Therefore, only the skill and continue to accumulate experience in order to achieve the ideal that truly belongs to the blade. The kind of wood and carving marks, smooth and rough, concave and convex, with a circular arrangement of knives, cutting knife flat ... they demonstrated the art of language, its charm is the sculpture of other materials can not be achieved. In short, the knife is used to realize their creative ideas sculptor's technical approach, is vividly revealed the means of artistic content. Win knife turn, frustrated, bump, ups and downs, is to make the works more vivid and natural wood material in order to fully reflect the United States, reflecting the rich carved beauty. Explain the meaning of unknown wood art people, not with a knife when the knife ghost, but painted affectation, coupled with timid fear of a bad moment, rigid and unimaginative results knife, carved wood fun not to. Therefore more and more practice and more refined carved, cooked and raw clever in order to form their own artistic language and style. Miniature construction area is very small, not very high calligraphy skills and skilled use of miniature tools, skills are difficult to complete, and for the moment, to breathless, mental state focus, meticulous.
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Carving techniques in miniature
In miniature, for example, miniature name suggests, is a kind of tiny fine carving techniques known. Carving techniques in miniature miniature long history of China. Oracle is far in the Shang period, the micro-sculpture appeared. Warring States Period, tired of seals as small as millet, white printed text there Zhu divided. Well-known artist Wang Shu "carved boat", but also the history of Chinese art of miniature classic. Seal edges shall miniature in art and art is the basis for development. Ming and Qing Dynasties, many literati in the seal into this square inch, the book title with the stylus to paint the hands of delight, entertain. Shoushan stone up a seal material, the Shoushan stone miniature art is beginning to emerge. Qing Yang Xuan, Zhou Bin Shoushan stone products have the engraved pattern Pichu in small print, "Simon book is intended to send" sculptor Lin Qingqing often carved in the works of grass, the stones engraved with their own very fine strokes the name and production years, even after the seal was in the square columns of four sides, with very fine text, sculpture ancient poetry as a side section. Guo Yueming favorite childhood book learning, painting, get a piano, the traditional national culture has strong interest. In 1966, the 20-year-old Guo Yueming, to avoid the hustle and bustle of earth and began indulging in transmission capacity of arts and culture among the systematic study of calligraphy, painting, sculpture and carving skills. His long public gambling house, and build the body of the rhyme, to form their own "cool steel moving, well-dressed, guarded the state, aggressive" in style. In 1976, its brush, pen temporary post for 10 years of martial arts, founding the miniature books, miniature, micro-engraved, and after 16 years of exploration, the Chinese qigong and Chinese painting, calligraphy, lettering Memory melting in a furnace, the micro-book , miniature, micro-engraved-in-one, scored "subtle art" of the charm, first hold the sea in the arts of the "subtle art" flower full of new and mysterious waves. In 1987, his first book Pen calligraphy micro small fan, named "China for the first time to Japan Pen Calligraphy Exhibition", after the times of Japanese calligraphy collection. In 1989, he was 2.5 cm x 3 cm pieces of paper with a pen to write 6183 characters, breaking the stamps (2.8 cm x 3 cm) on the back with a pencil to write more than 2,000 letters, which is called " World Micro calligraphy master, "the Hungarian Aiman La Pu about the record. Painting, under the magnifying glass in more than ten times, spacing, line spacing, clear, vigorous and clear font. Our teacher said: in the subtle art of your subtle, it is difficult in subtle, because it not only operation of its small, must also look at the smile into the art of reproduction, flavor. Every subtle art, not without success in the real basic skills above the same time, the effort and sweat encrusted. He expects us to a new generation of miniature artists to have achieved, do not expect the art of riding, overnight; he expect us to work one day to get social recognition, he was ashamed to go to kitsch as phony. Today, he remains unchanged in the small room in the hard tempered, I do not know twilight, also house the so-called winter and summer; in the refined art of this vibrant than hard work on the fields, not to receive, but also house the so-called personal fame and fortune. Indifferent quiet, endure loneliness; aloof, do not have the quest, which is China's miniature artist apprenticeship true portrayal of life. In general, people who engage in wood, in addition to wield the law is basically the same, but all have their own good knife, for beginners as long as the familiar flat knife, round knife two different purposes, and soon will be able to master the knife skills. First to emphasize the importance of posture wield its influence not only the right or the smooth operation of sculpture, but also cause security problems. So, a lot of cutting wood in the rough blank stage, we mainly use the tool to work with hammers, wield the fist posture was like that when carving out forward or dig deep, to be fist down like; when the sculpture to can be developed within the heart for boxing up like, want to cut wood when carving contours when the silk thread can be inward or outward as a fist-shaped, three methods flexible. Such as knives carved into too deep, not anxious to shake the handle out, otherwise it would cause cracking or peeling front ports, you should use another tool, and slightly trimmed away the wood around the tool until it can shake up. Conducted to fine carving blanks and repair of light stage, we mainly use the tool in the engraved cut work, one is a two-hand pinching tool, such as: the top right hand grip handle, the upper left-hand pinch Arbor, slowly advancing to the right direction . Another right hand to wield was to hold a pen-like, but that the ring finger and little finger tight on the material arrived in the forward transport carving knife, to control the knife. Note the location of the left and the small pieces of sculpture in the round, hold the work should be placed on the right hand after left hand below the works against the bench at one end to the top; to do relief, in order to hold the wood, the left should stay away from the right hand tool, or on the right rear. Wenzhou side of the boxwood carvings, wood hard, because people often use the shoulder to the knife against the handle forward operation. Deal with soft wood, usable tool that is enough right palm pat a small amount of wood were cut.
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Wood craft and basic essentials of the technical requirements
Coarse blanks chisel: thick blank is the basis of the entire work, it is a concise summary of the overall idea of the geometry shape of the details required to achieve a level, there is momentum, the proportion of coordination, focus and stability, the overall sense, the initial formation of the work outer contours and inner contours. Sculpture (good year) Author: Zheng Fang Yang thick billet cutting the basic essentials is from top to bottom, front to back, outside to the inside, Deep. From top to bottom, starting from the head so that the heel; front to back, is the predecessor of the first cutting, then cutting back; outside to the inside, that is, starting from the wood surface, a layer of peel into the inward; Deep is the first well drilled shallow, deep chisel and then the place. Need to pay attention when cutting thick billet leeway, as cut clothes, the right to relax. Private line saying goes: hypertrophy can stay too piecemeal, only a thin ridge of hard to worry compound fertilizer "," should be small not large from within, remember carving is subtraction. " Dig small blank: start with the overall focus, adjust the scale and variety of layouts, and then shape and character of specific facial features, limbs, costumes, props, etc. and the gradual implementation of the formation, to leave room for the repair of light. This stage, the volume of work and the lines have become clear, thus requiring knife mellow and smooth, there is full expression. Digging in the hollow billet fine skills required to vertical hollow fiber combination, Lou go to excess. Method to use with muscle, the engine that works off the site easy to empty, leaving a small piece of material to match the adjacent parts of the pull attached, to be completed before work closely with a thin knife slice method to remove the pull of the tendons attached. Repair of light: the use of carved and thin knife to thin dense film method blank repair chisel marks in the dirt, so that works perfectly fine surface light is the purpose of repair. Trace clearly requires fine knife or round to, or board straight, and strive to various parts of the nuances and texture of the show. Polish: According to some works need to white base with different thickness of wood woodworking sandpaper rubbing nourish ground smooth. Requirements first with coarse sandpaper, then use fine sandpaper. To repeatedly in the direction along the polished wood fiber, sand road until the marks disappear, showing the beautiful wood grain, to keep the works outline a clear, smooth lines. Carved hair, Microhyla: characterization of hair with a triangular knife, Microhyla, requiring knife straightforward, sure, uniform thickness, meticulous. Colored polish: color not just to make up for deficiencies or defects in some materials, but also serve to strengthen the rich works of formal beauty of the material texture and the role of the United States. Therefore, in the works to be appropriate depending on the color, requiring as much as possible reflect the beauty of wood grain. Color to deep clean, in line with all the beauty of natural wood. The purpose is to nourish the wood polish, brilliance on the works of Jin, but also play a role in anti-fouling for long-term preservation, thus requiring uniform penetration, bright and impressive. Configure the base: the base is not only relying on the subject, is an integral part of the sculpture shape. Therefore, the shape of the base scale required to form and content of work complement each other. Full of curves and lively works, can be _set_ off by simple and plain base, while the shape of simple or solemn work, you can take a carving on the base. Short to pay attention in proportion to each other, pay attention to each other on the color contrast, not overwhelming, jade carving ideas and design: Jade to the pursuit of artistic beauty, we must understand the mountains of the elite, the correct meaning of human's fine. Here talked about mountains and rivers of the elite, is the color of jade carved jade to be beautiful, to be moist texture, carved jade is jadeite or nephrite used or turquoise, agate, serpentine, crystal and other Yushu, to choose the right jade, but also to design materials for a variety of jade carving theme; humanism beautiful, referring to the beauty and style of jade carving to be superb, and the impact of looks, sculpted beauty of technology, social Example factors. Because of different ages Tamamura, Zhuo Yu Jade carving tools and different techniques, combined with aesthetic taste and customs of the different uses of jade and the role played by the different shape of each period and theme style jade is not the same, varied and competing blooming. Jade must adapt to modern needs of modern society, this is jade must be noted. Over the years many Chinese jade work to bring sight to behold the beauty of artistic conception in case people want to infinite sigh. Chinese jade carving is the art products with national characteristics of the world in a dazzling sculpture Court wonderful work. Which contains the wisdom of the Chinese nation, religious ideas, aesthetics and other rich content. Crude jade carving is produced substantive stage, namely, by measuring, cutting, end button, draw, red, rolling, drilling and other technical means to gradually become a jade carving, or a three-dimensional product, but can not be called complete jade; thick jade carving is made of a substantive stage, namely, by measuring, cutting, end button, draw, red, rolling, drilling and other technical means to gradually become a jade carving, or a three-dimensional product, but can not be called complete jade. Fine jade carving in the process is of coarse to fine jade carved jade work to further modification is to look perfect and add to the process. In this process, many details need to be carved jade, such as the characters facial expressions, eyes, clothing patterns; animal bird's eyes, hair, Zhao Jian, when the mouth; flowers and stems, leaves and other parts can best be seen charm realistic characterization. Jade carved vivid and realistic pursuit of moderate exaggeration, however, to make vivid jade works, a mood, not everyone can do it. Can be said that each piece of jade has its own meaning, its own territory, only to discover talented artists wonders inches long according to their own art practice, their inner meaning and the environment and the jade itself, Italy, and throughout phase combined to use their own artistic ideas and artistic skills in the performance of jade cut off out of making concrete can be for people to enjoy the art treasures. A jade works, good or bad, mainly to see whether there is mood, carving is exquisite, quiet colors are used, problems Material is appropriate shape is perfect; from the works of jade jade color, theme, shape, etc. to judge its artistic value. In short, a jade carving is a work of art, its beauty, or that shape, or color is, or is the mood, may also be a combination of both, but the mood overall evaluation of jade is a very important aspect. Jade carving designs and ideas first, and should pop jade as a benchmark, "amount of subjects to take the village," "because of material Shi Yi" is the basic requirement of jade. Jade carving, jade is the key trial. Have creative control mood, Jade realistic realism to a form of jade to be fine.
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Modern industrial engraving
That is hand-carved traditional manner, knives, axes and other tools in wood, stone and other materials based on the art. According to modern carving tools and methods can be divided into chemical etching, electric etching, hand engraving, laser engraving, marking engraving, mechanical engraving, sculpture and other roll mode. What is laser engraving? The use of laser engraving and cutting, the process is very simple, as the use of computers and printers print on paper. You can use a variety of environments Win98/Win2000/WinXP graphics software such as CorelDraw, etc. designed to scan graphics, vector-based graphics and a variety of CAD files can be easily "print" to the engraving machine. The only difference is, print the toner to the paper coating, and laser engraving is the laser hitting the woodwork, jak tablets, plastic sheeting, metal, stone and other materials on top of almost all. Lattice sculpture: sculpture resembles a high-resolution dot matrix dot matrix printing. Laser head from side to side, each carving out a series of points of a line, then the laser head moves up and down while carving out a number of lines, the final full-page image or text form. Scan graphics, text and vector graphics can be used dot matrix engraving. Vector cutting and raster engraving, vector cutting is in the graphic outline of the line for. We usually use this model in wood, jak grain, paper and other materials on the penetration of cutting, but also in a variety of materials, surface marking operation. Engraving speed: engraving speed refers to the laser head moving speed, usually with IPS (inches / sec) that bring high-speed productivity. Speed is also used to control the cutting depth for a given laser intensity, the slower the speed, depth of cutting or carving the greater. You can use the panel to adjust the speed engraving machine can also use the computer's printer driver to adjust. 1% to 100% range of adjustment is 1%. Hummer drive advanced motion control system allows you to high-speed carving, still get the quality of ultra-fine engraving Sculpture strength: strength refers to the engraving shines in the surface of the laser intensity. For specific engraving speed, the greater the intensity, the depth of cutting or carving the greater. You can adjust the intensity of the use of engraving machine panel, also use the computer to adjust the print driver. 1% to 100% range of adjustment is 1%. The greater the intensity, the greater the equivalent speed. The deeper the depth of cut Spot size: a laser beam spot size can be used to adjust the lens of different focal lengths. Small spot of the lens for high resolution engraving. Large spot of low-resolution lens for carving, but for vector cutting, it is the best option. New equipment standard 2.0-inch lens. The spot size in the middle, for a variety of occasions. Engravable materials: wood, plexiglass, metal, glass, stone, crystal, Corian, paper, color plates, aluminum, leather, resin, spray metal. What is the marking? Marking that the use of marking devices in a specific print materials for special purposes characters. Marking machine printing machine full name is line number, line number, also known as printer, referred to as Xian Haoji, marking devices. It can be in PVC pipe, heat shrink tubing, self-adhesive labels and other printed material character, are generally used for electrical control, power distribution equipment, second-line identification, is the electronic control, power distribution equipment, wiring and cabling project logo special equipment to meet the power plant, electrical plant, substation, power industry distinguishing mark identifies the need for wires. The widely used line number printing machine is a computer (or electronic line number printing machine), is thermal transfer printer, comes with its own keyboard, simple, easy to use. Modern sculpture you: Shen Shou Wang Meizhen
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Carving carving techniques in nuclear
Nuclear carving is a folk art must. It is the stone on the plant, its physical characteristics or the ups and downs of change, embrace a variety of carved figures, animals, landscapes, buildings, units, Pavilion, Pavilion, etc. Nuclear raw materials carved walnut, Peach, olive, ivory stone, almond, cherry, etc., the best is olive nucleus, the volume is only one finger so much. In such a small olive on the sculpture, the degree of difficulty can be imagined. It is difficult because of its operational nuclear carving skills with little transmission. Stone carving of origin has yet to be verified. Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's large-scale sculpture was no big development, but small pieces of sculpture and decorative arts and crafts production, but do a dynamic, creative. One of Peach, apricot and olive sculpture carving is a rather special breed, their ideas and works of sculpture have reached a high level of technology and art realm, has been called a "miniature nirvana, art wonderful." . Ming and Qing dynasties carved miniature art of this core must be called one, then the capital and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces courtiers popular merchants such as antique ivory wood and appreciation Exotic, exquisite and exquisitely carved works of art that is at the core of one of the favorites of people collecting . According to historical records and cultural research, stone carving in the Ming Dynasty has reached a high artistic level, Xuande years, looked down upon in the summer carved olive 16 children, each child is only half a meter in size, Mei Yang Hongwu nuclear carved head clear. Ming is the most famous stone sculptor apocalyptic years, Jiangsu Yushan (now Changshu) Wang Yi (Zi Shu Yuan, No. Chuping Hermit). He Apocalypse (1622) created the "boat of Red Cliff" is a stone carving in the history of treasures. Boat about 3 cm (cm), height of about 0.5cm, the middle compartment, on the canopy cover of the next to open the little window, so all four, and can open and close. Diaolan near the window on the right moment, "a high mountain on the small", "bottom", the left inscribed "Xu breeze", "wave of fashion." Su and his friend bow engraved Lu Chih Huang, Yin three monks, including Su, Lu Chih Huang, a book they were reading the Executive, and the monk Yin as Maitreya, topless, miss left arm beads, beads Lilikeshuo . If they had a stern oar, oar the boatman about one of the sculpture. Ship back the inscription: "Apocalypse Saigon autumn Yushan Wang Yishu much carved." Writing as fine as mosquito-feet, and carved seal chapter "Chu-ping Hermit." This nuclear Ming Jiang carving stone boat later became a model to emulate. "Red Cliff Su boating map", the nuclear Sculpture onto the historical peak. Wei Ming literati school Iraqi author of "nuclear boat Ji" recorded in detail the case. After the establishment of new China, "nuclear boat in mind" is loaded secondary school textbooks, and therefore nuclear boat name to China. Yixing sculptor walnut-carving experts in Okayama, Su Tour themes are mostly for the Red Cliff, fishing fun, a hundred flowers, landscapes and so on. Qing Dynasty, the stone carving art to a higher level, to the traditional areas of Jiangsu. Emperor Kangxi, Suzhou Jin old (name unknown), tin Lu Jiading and Qianlong seal between Suzhou Dushi Yuan, Chen Junyu stone carvings are all hand-held. Lu sealed tin of olive-carving 'Caoqiao Dream ", building, characters, etc. in the composition on the well-organized, and with sparse possession of Arthur Liu, Chapman lying dog, full performance of the rural night. Chen Junyu olive-carving 'hump old man, "wearing a brown hat, beard, clothes, shoulder patch, hand-held one, engraved with poems on the fan; he bayberry-carving of the" monkeys ", complete with a prospect, according to "Jin trivial 'records, and some artists to Peach carved into a 108 thread beads, each costing beads engraved with 3 to 6 Rohan, different attitude, without a similar face. In addition, Jiaqing, reign, the stone carvings in Fujian Xiapu Shao Jian Ming Jiang creative side, "Su Yu Chi Bi", "support the provision of window awnings, shaded by willow river" boat people, side scull detailed characterization. Since ancient times, to play the celebrity list goes nuclear from the Ming and Qing emperors, to kings and ministers, from Fugu giant to everyday, Ming Zhu Xizong carving their own hands by the school, the Qing Emperor Qianlong carved preference is a plus for nuclear . They carved as a small nuclear hanging in the belt, Wan Shan or embroidered bags following the falling objects, as the decoration and embellishment, on the one hand can also be treated. Later, to the mid-Qing Dynasty, carved items of nuclear material is not light as a fall decoration and embellishment, and many olive and walnut-carving craft specifically for the literati or the hands of stroke play with rich kids. Carved with olive sight-seeing boat can be coupled with a variety of hollow carved ivory, mahogany stand, display rack in the micro-Bo Gu enjoy. Stone carvings have been climbing the value of life, becoming a product from the play and collection, appreciation, appreciation, and fitness for a multi-function arts and crafts. Nuclear eagle with its unique artistic charm so many amazing players and collectors fascinated, always optimistic about the market, which also inspired the creative ingenuity of the artists of passion and intelligence. Succession of predecessors of today's nuclear carved exquisite traditional art, and into a new era of content and technique, but the magic of this ancient folk art to another peak. People understand the past performance of multi-nuclear boats ancient figures, Hebei Province, a master craftsman Yang Hongwu carved nuclear boat, "South Lake Red Boat," the portraits and the introduction of the photo creation Yang Hongwu nuclear nuclear boat carved "Lake Red Boat", written Depicts a real big party representatives, shows the "Oriental Sunrise, epoch-making" is a great initiative, when to break new ground, both the past serve the present, but also innovation, so that the ancient art of nuclear boat gives new meaning. Nuclear boat, "South Lake Red Boat", olive material, Mr. Yang Hongwu created in June 2006, completed March 12, 2009 donated China Maritime Museum. It is reported that Yang Hongwu addition to the donation of nuclear carving "Lake Red Boat", but also includes "Tin Hau", "Zheng Chenggong miss home," two works. This small and exquisite carving and nuclear micro-craft, as long as those who make him a skilled carving, creative themes in line with admiration and collectors of contemporary tastes, but also has some new ideas and taste, this carving always favored by the nuclear and cherished . The main tool for carving stone file, chisel, drill. File hairy filing, light filing, round file. Well-chisel chisel, gouge two. Stone carving process is: ① file with the hair, light stone to file the initial processing. ② design ideas, and drawing on the stone samples. ③ with round file rough samples by drawing, making rough shape. ④ detail carving knife with a chisel, chisel and a small party characterization of the eyebrows, eyes, small round chisel to describe the mouth and so on. ⑤ polishing, waxing. Finally, drill, thread into the beads, or together with the base, as the appreciation of products.