Anseriformes (anseriformes) in animal taxonomy is in a head Aves. The purpose of the Chinese species of birds commonly known as "duck" or "Goose", including the commonly referred to as duck, diving duck, swans, a variety of geese and other ducks geese (goose or duck) birds. The birds are Youqin purpose, widely distributed in the world.
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Purpose of morphological characteristics Anseriformes
The Birds are aquatic birds, body sizes, larger, such as swans up to 1.5 meters in length, small in size as cotton teal body length is only 30 cm. The Birds head large, and some types have significant crown feathers, beak shape, mostly flat, with a mouth and a cutting-edge, most of the long neck. The Birds wings long, pointed, for long distances, 10-11 pieces of primary flight feathers, secondary feathers missing the first five, most colorful types of secondary flight feathers, with eye-catching metallic sheen, known as wing mirror, most types of the tail is very short, but there are also individual species have unusually long central tail feathers, such as pintail ducks, birds, feathers of the head developed. The Birds feet short, more was born in the back of the body, the front cover mesh tarsometatarsal phosphorus, three-toed forward, semi-webbed webbed or connected to a toe back, toe is shorter than the other three. The Birds and more female and male of color, some species such as swans semifinal the same amount to color.
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Anseriformes purpose habits
The Birds are all Youqin, water environment in a variety of habitats, from salt to fresh water, both from the interior to the ocean habitat of the Birds, the Birds are good at swimming, diving experts in some species, observed in the water cruising stance, most types of body axis and parallel to the surface, head, neck, back, tail out of the water, diving ducks skilled categories, such as a variety of diving duck's tail is also sinking into the water; There are other types of upper body of its fully submerged water, tail Alice out of the water, that the body axis and the surface has a certain angle, such as geese. In some species of the Birds amazing diving skills, such as long-tailed ducks can often be submerged 60 meters of depth. Sebaceous glands of the Birds tail developed, the secretion of oil to the feathers through the beak on the coating, in order to achieve hydrophobic to maintain posture. The Birds and diverse diet, most types often during the breeding season to fish, crustaceans and molluscs for food, and in migratory and wintering water plants and other plant foods, when to feed their families. Be noted that the geese and many more plants for food, and merganser ducks are a variety of classes, flat front with hook-shaped mouth, the edge with sharp teeth, and skilled divers, the players are feed on fish.
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Anseriformes purpose of breeding
The vast majority of birds breeding project is one male and one female match, in which swans, tree ducks, geese, duck and other types of male female pair for life, strict monogamy, parents are involved in the chick-rearing, tree duck The male and even participate in incubation. The purpose of this husband-wife relationship most of the other types are not sure, and often can only maintain a breeding season, even after the incubation began on the abandoned male female away, as has long been a symbol of loyal love duck is actually the case. The head of the class is limited to reproduction during the mating behavior, but often cluster in the winter period began pairing behavior, often in late winter and early spring season to see estrus behavior. The Birds are often complex and pleasing to the eye of the courtship display behavior. The Birds made nests more common of three types: Open nest: built not far away from the water on the ground or shallow water by hand and easy to get _set_ up plant-based materials, most of the river duck nests are open-air camp. Hidden nest: These nests built in the rock below, rock crevices, the vertical slope of the soil hole, duck and other nest is hidden nest. Tree hole nest: built in tree holes, the duck's nest is the nest holes in trees. In addition, the head of the Black Duck is the only purpose of nest parasites, hosts have other ducks, rails, ibis class, Ardeidae birds. The Birds are as early as young chicks, and chicks of the Birds of the act has a significant mark, that is seen after the birth of the first object as their mother instinct to follow the "mother" Behind inseparable until the grow up. Chicks are born with feathers surface, several months after birth can develop into baby birds fly, chick dumb dark feather color, resembling the female adult birds, chicks seven to eight months after the birth of a first molt . The Birds of varying duration of maturation, the fast majority of the subfamily, such as duck species, nine to ten months after hatching that can reproduce, and slower growth, such as swans, you need four to five years.
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Anseriformes purpose of migration
The Birds are the most migratory species, and south in autumn and spring, moved north, according to research in Inner Mongolia, China Wuliangsuhai, in early March each year to see warts on the nose Swan, Grey Goose, Green-winged duck and other birds of the head class, in the subsequent days, spot-billed duck, mallard, red duck, etc. were arriving mid-September start of duck geese south, first began to move the gray goose, while some of the more northern breeding ducks geese have begun to transit Wuliangsuhai, October Wuliangsuhai number of ducks geese peaked in December at the latest south of merganser began to leave Wuliangsuhai. Generally, south of the Birds in the fall more slowly, the spring migration north is relatively rapid.
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Anseriformes purpose of evolution
The earliest bird fossils Anseriformes excavated from the French Lower Cretaceous strata of suspected bird, which is the only one so far discovered Mesozoic bird fossils Anseriformes, birds suspected upper arm of the two specimens only fragments. In the Cenozoic, there were discovered in France and the United States and the beginning of a new duck goose Romay. Fossil data show that in the Cenozoic Oligocene Anseriformes Anatidae subfamilies geese and ducks have been subfamily differentiation; geese have emerged in the Miocene, river ducks, swans, ducks and the existing potential is there; in fresh new Most of the existing world kinds of projects have already emerged; to Pleistocene include 90 kinds of fossils are found. Integrated all over the world found so far Anseriformes fossil, a total of about 170 species, of which about half have been extinct, the vast majority of fossils found in Europe and North America suggesting that the head may have originated in the Palaearctic.
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Anseriformes and human
The Birds close relationship with humans, some species domesticated by humans in history has become an important poultry. Domestic goose is considered the first domesticated poultry, it comes from wild geese, or Grey Goose. Darwin in his "domesticated animals and plants under the variants," a book that "Homer mentions in the early goose in ancient Greece is to be domesticated poultry, while the Roman temple People feeding geese at home, dedicated to God as a sacrifice "; also strokes according to ancient Egyptian legacy data, that around 2000 BC, ancient Egyptians successfully domesticated a domestic goose. Chinese classics, "Zhuangzi" has written: "kill the goose while cooking life Shuzi of, Shuzi please say, one can not be one of Ming Ming, please Xi kill. The owner said: Ming who can not kill" instructions before in 400 BC China has a mature domestic goose domestication technology. Now widely recognized that the home country geese and geese of different origins in Europe, countries of origin in geese geese geese in Europe originated in the Grey Goose family. Duck is one of the important birds, now that domesticated ducks originated in wild spot-billed duck and mallard, the Warring States period of ancient Chinese recorded "as mallard ducks, domestic ducks for the duck," Europe may be the origin of domesticated ducks in ancient Egypt by Greece after the spread in the entire European continent. Taxonomy ("&" Mark as there is no distribution of the species in China) Anseriformes birds there are two different classification point of view, and a class reference sibley bird dna monroe classification system will be divided into Anseriformes birds, ducks, call ducks, magpie geese Branch and tree ducks ( tree duck ducks are sometimes seen as a subfamily), the English Wikipedia is currently used in this classification (and tree ducks duck is classified as a subfamily). Another classification approach is more prevalent in the Chinese academic classification. See below: Tree ducks (dendrocygnidae) Tree duck is Chestnut duck (dendrocygna javanica) White Face Tree Duck (dendrocygna viduata) & Ducks (anatidae) Duck is a hard tail White-headed duck the hard tail (oxyura leucocephala) Swan is Warts nose Swan (cygnus olor) Whooper Swan (cygnus cygnus) Little Swan (cygnus columbianus) Black swan (cygnus atratus) & Black-necked Swan (cygnus melanocoryphus) & Mute swan (cygnus buccinator) & Yan is Geese (anser cygnoides) Bean goose (anser fabalis) White-fronted goose (anser albifrons) White-fronted goose (anser erythropus) Grey Goose (anser anser) Bar-headed Goose (anser indicus) Snow goose (anser caerulescens) Pink foot geese (anser brachyrhynchus) & Brent is Canada Goose (branta canadensis) Brent (branta bernicla) Red-breasted Brent (branta ruficollis) Yellow-necked Brent (branta sandvicensis) & Duck is Red duck (tadorna ferruginea) Crown duck (tadorna cristata) Alice nose duck (tadorna tadorna) Duck is a tumor Tumor duck (sarkidiornis melanotos) Cotton is a mallard Cotton teal (nettapus coromandelianus) Duck is Duck (aix galericulata) Lin ducks (aix sponsa) & [River] is a duck Duck red arm (anas strepera) Rib duck (anas falcata) Red neck duck (anas penelope) Grape duck breast (anas americana) Mallard (anas platyrhynchos) Spot-billed duck (anas poecilorhyncha) Rufous-necked duck (anas luzonica) Northern Shoveler (anas clypeata) Pintail duck (anas acuta) Browed duck (anas querquedula) Baikal Teal (anas formosa) Green-winged duck (anas crecca) Duck is a cloud grouper Cloud grouper duck (marmaronetta angustirostris) Diving duck is a narrow mouth Red mouth diving duck (rhodonessa rufina) Diving duck is Red-head diving duck (aythya ferina) Sail back diving duck (aythya valisneria) White-eyed Pochard (aythya nyroca) Green head diving duck (aythya baeri) Tufted duck (aythya fuligula) Spot back diving duck (aythya marila) Eider ducks are small Small eider (polysticta stelleri) An ugly duck Ugly duck (histrionicus histrionicus) Long-tailed duck is a Long-tailed duck (clangula hyemalis) Sea Duck is Black Duck (melanitta nigra) Spot face the sea Muscovy (melanitta fusca) Magpie is a duck Magpie Duck (bucephala clangula) White merganser is White merganser (mergellus albellus) Merganser is Red-breasted merganser (mergus serrator) Chinese merganser (mergus squamatus) Common merganser (mergus merganser) Bristles forest duck (chenonetta jubata) & European eider (somateria mollissima) & Call ducks Crown called duck (chauna torquata) & -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Anseriformes (anseriformes) is one of the most familiar Youqin, widely distributed and variety, but most of the same species can be classified as ducks, which is China's only one subject. Another section is called the ducks and the ducks vary widely. Medium and large Youqin. Dense feathers; mouth and more flat, apex with a mouth; with webbed toes before, not after riding to the small toe shape; male and female shape is different from the male with the transfer device. Distribution of the world, mostly with seasonal migration habits. On the ground or in tree holes in the nest; chicks as early as by nature. The project has two subjects: call ducks and ducks. Ducks are an important class of resources, worldwide there are about 150 species. China, mallards, swans, geese and other beans. (Picture of a large swan bird Anseriformes)
anatidae