Lu Rongting (1859-1928): Guangxi warlords. Guangxi Wuming people. Zhuang. Has Renqing Jun pipe band, led by Sun Yat-sen Nanguan repression uprising rose to Guangxi after Admiral. 1911 Revolution, the military governor of Guangxi grab job, killing the revolutionaries. Protect the country and the war, the troops captured in Guangdong, with himself as military governor of Guangdong, Guangxi warlords to become leaders. Custodian of the military government in 1917 to participate in, crowding Sun Yat-sen. 1920 was Yuejun beat, back in Guangxi.
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Lu Rongting the Air Phase of Guangdong twisters
August 1916, the Guangxi warlord Lu Rongting (see Figure) as military governor, Guangdong Province, and Guangdong and Guangxi Xunyue Shi had part-time, too powerful. Back to Du Shu, Lu Rongting encounter with his aides say, and keep up the fortune teller said angrily afterwards. The staff was secretly informed that the fortune teller makes the night to leave Guangzhou. Pass it a ten, hundred, then into printing of interesting one. After playing this, so there is a Guangzhou people saying: "Lu Rongting the Air (see) phase --- Well (no) decline Rolling Lo (looking) to bad!" That is asking for trouble, ask for it was intended. Since then, "Lu Rongting the Air phase", has become the common folk of a twisters.
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Lu Rongting military uniform as
陆荣廷戎装像
Lu Rongting the military uniform, like, the "no" unique character of the face, dressed in army generals on the big dress, the most special is that they wear several medals for the performance of his life achievements and glory. Lu Rongting the Legion say, decoration, from Nanning "Zhenning Fort Records," the monument (see photo) to draw some of the answers, the Republic of China on July 7 as "Yaowu on the generals, Xun a, first-class Baoguang Chapter Golden Harvest, First ARAB chapter. " Medal of Lu in the old photos were as follows: the first row of Rong Bao Xing Ding, Wuhan medals (by the buttoned), the second row of first class ARAB Chapter, First Jiahe Xun Zhang (by the buttoned), First Grand Cordon Po Chapter Golden Harvest light red ribbon worn on the left hip (by his left hand block). Let us now turn the Republic of recycling, and foreign group of people joy, suddenly nearly two-ten, according to the Republic of dollars should aid cases two or three years old, held a National Day ceremony. Republic of China four years, Yuan has to stop the National Day ceremony, so this place special mention Syria. President Li Department of warlords origin, focusing on military matters, a few days in advance, special encyclical Staff, Army of two, in Nanyuan parade, all the rest of the event, in the final proposal to raise various ministries and so on. Ministries according to the first year of release aid is the National Day ceremony, in addition to great read, if the day off, hanging flags and festoons, recovery sacrifice, reward power, stop torture, poverty-shirt, banquet other items, are all to do so. Session be held on, almost fake the first year of stories, needless to dwell on. However, a successful tour, the Department at any time on the matter, according to the current active character, grading reward. President of the Republic of Lebanon should be pushed to create the Sun, yellow led by power, particularly large grant Sun Legion, Huang Xingxun one. Cai E, Tang Jiyao, Lu Rongting, Liang, Cen Chunxuan, recycling the Republic of China, one of the honors. Duan, Wang Shizhen, Feng Guozhang, a first-class Grand Cordon specter of the Golden Harvest chapter. Tang Shao-yi, Maan Liang, Cao Kun, Zhu Bao, Chang Tso-lin, Yen Hsi-shan, Lu Rongting, Tang Jiyao, Yang, Jiang Gui questions, Chiang Geese, Golden Harvest Grand Cordon of the First Chapter of grant. Lu Rongting shows the "Hoon a" with Huang Xing, Cai E, who shoulder to shoulder; "Wing Ding Bao Star" shows the glory and status; "Wuhan medals" and "first-class ARAB chapter," it shows to promote the "Guangxi ----- Xinhai act independently ";" first-class Grand Cordon Baoguang Chapter Golden Harvest, "it shows" protect the country and the Republic of China ----- recycling "of meritorious service;" First Jiahe Xun Zhang, "it shows the construction of the power of Guangdong and Guangxi; holding the "Golden Lion Saber September," it shows the highest honor the Republic of China and status of soldiers. Medal of the Pei-Lu Rongting
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Historical Merits and Demerits of Lu Rongting
Lu Rongting Tong Shaogu sad, displaced, spend 17 to 35 years old Greenwood YOU Yong career 19 years; 36 to 52 years 16 years any of the Qing Dynasty military officer; 53 to 66 years, he served as the Republic of the military governor, military governor, Guangdong and Guangxi Xunyue Shi supervision and other services and the Guangxi border guards, before and after 14 years. Social activities of his life, to be summed up as active, not guilty, and there have been three aspects to explore. First, Lu Rongting on the "active" (A) bloody customs, honor among thieves. Lu Rongting rebellious thought, resulting in the Sino-French War and the subsequent Babing be removed. He was thrown out of the Pioneer Camp Tang Jingsong displaced again, you will join three anti-secret organization, forming Yu Yong, the goal to rob the French invaders and the anti-Fuming for the call of the Sino-Vietnam border activities, and pursuing "Goodfellas" the purpose. He read little, but out of our forebears sought to find the training mode of life, sense of obligation, honest and devout, gas Honda, very popular. In Greenwood, the adherence to the three do not grab doctrine: one does not grab the Chinese people, two people do not rob the poor, the three nearby resident who does not rush. As he robbed all outsiders, not self-mutilation compatriots, stealing all the call for righteousness. Therefore, the thirst for righteousness are getting to go to the thousands of people into the group tour Vietnam border, just like an independent kingdom, tertiary and corporate enemies, competing for nearly a decade, the size of dozens of war, the French imperialists suffered heavy losses. Lu Rongting personal time alone collapse Division in Vietnam to personally killed 23 French soldiers, looting financial numerous, if counting all five thousand of his men fighting the power, hit for French imperialism is self-evident. France overwhelmed the imperialists, the side of the capture of Le Monument reward special Song Lu, Lu Rongting-by-side stress the Qing government in the Vietnam border, and strict constraints. This illustrates the method Yong Yu Lu Rongting the coveted imperialists attempt by China Border serious blow to China's southern border against the threat of encroachment of imperialism, and its achievements as indelible. Of course, the more the number of their Xiaoju public, need more supplies, specialized legal robbery is sufficient to maintain life? Then as a "Robin Hood" act to maintain the life of the bandits, or not free. And Lu Rongting sense of obligation, the word, he was in Greenwood, advocates Fellas, on his subordinates to "Le of martial law", although the trip to rob the rich, but also detract from the image of this legendary figure. (B) of Taoyuan Battle, power in the Republic of China. Tang Jiyao, any available Cheng, Cai E, Dai Kan joint declaration of independence date is December 25, 1915, when the Sichuan General Chen Huan command of the Northern Army Wu Zhen Xiang, Feng Yuxiang, Li Bingzhi three brigades and Sichuan Jun Zhou Jun, Liu kept two divisions , Cai E engaged the three National Protection Army led operations to Sichuan. January 15, 1916, Yuan and Cao Kun Governor General Command Master Tiger Sichuan, the Tigers rushed rabbit trend toward Yunnan. Yang Qi Yuan Chuan Jun Tongling on February 23, marched illegally Jinsha River, the fish first night attack Moldova, has arrived in sesame seeds into the mouth of River Duo. Kun Lung border of Yunnan and Guangxi in the March 9 light strip occupied by narrow, progress to the old, Mengzi, soil-rich state. Terms of discussion in Yunnan Yuan Jinjun, outnumbered and surrounded by the enemy, the Lu Rongting in the March 15 declaration of independence Taoyuan. Regardless of whether he's Taoyuan motives, but of fact, Lu Rongting Taoyuan, after three of its undeniable merit: the National Protection Army combat morale of Sichuan encouraged to improve the confidence of victory; the military situation of Yunnan, Guizhou and safety risk being undone, the south-western provinces to improve the anti-imperialist people's morale; against the Northern Army generals, such as forced Yuan Feng Guozhang cancel the monarchy. Guangxi is actually shooting for the independent life of a bomb Yuan completed. As Li Tsung-jen in the "I and China," said Tao Yuan Battle: "Guangxi Yaowu Lu Rongting enshrined in the general banner of righteousness, the response of Yunnan independence, protect the country and the merits of the Battle of the Bureau of South and North, so Dayton shape change, this is indeed Hongxian complex death, the key to victory in National Protection Movement. "So, when people no favor granted to the President Li Yuan-Lu Rongting" Reconstructing the Republic of the Legion "and" first-class Golden Harvest Grand Cordon of Chapter "award. (C) of the valuable stability situation. People demand to live and work, the history of governance, chaotic, divided, combined, often reflect the people's likes and dislikes. Lu Rongting left a good impression to the people is that he Pingjing Guangxi, the end of the Qing Dynasty bandits run amok, where hustle and bustle. Chaos in times of hardship, and the Decade of the Republic created a people can basically live a life of peace and stability of the situation; he step down, the situation is different. Yuejun into the return, the people of Lu Rongting failure, likes and dislikes of the non-free, but easy to flag in Guangxi, the customer does not rule Gui military ability, can not pick up the pieces, but Zongbing down the garden path, I think of "people ten soldiers," is more than just shudder! Lake in the land could not be established on the ruins of their consistent support of the people of the state apparatus, in return for military warlords and self-torn chaos of the situation, bring disaster frequently, almost no peace. Have such a sharp contrast, the people of Lu Rongting naturally occurring favor. After his death, the dead body to Nanning, coffin under six in Zhenning Fort Temple, last January, returned to Wuming. Pipe for a cover, people are automatically held in Lu Ji, a day to condole the six Hall in an endless stream, as well as from other provinces and Vietnam, Hong Kong and Macao. Lu Rongting people reported to the glory of sadness than with the French victory in the Battle of the death star Fengzi material in Nanning, open hanging, the funeral procession, the people mourn the case. They said in unison: "Lu Rongting rule Guangxi years, there is no building on people's welfare, but to people from the ravages of war banditry, to live and work with the public without interference. He step down after the ravages of war banditry after another, not the people tired peace day . "This is what the people of Lu Rongting evaluation. Second, Lu Rongting of the "not guilty" (A) of the final tour Yong, suppressing ask innocent. Lu Rongting in 1894 by Fu, Ren Qingting Guard military control zone, when he was 36 years old, first in Long states, then Yifang Nanning, your county office clean town, and later Si-city prefect Wang Fangtian use and travel courageous and incense origin Lu Rongting to recruit destroy YOU Yong, After the land was ordered to display their potential impact he has, indeed attract Youjiang within Baise tour to Yunnan Yong Brother, brother, the third brother to surrender rehabilitation, not willing to surrender an individual who was his fighter, 1902, left Jiang Yu Yong is flat. In 1903, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Guangxi Cen Chunxuan into bandits. In 1904, he re-Lung Lu Rongting economic light, to "destroy ask and carrot" of both hands flat region YOU Yong Liu Qing. Destroy the dragon in front, land and ask follow behind, all the major tour leader gave Yong Lu Rongting pacify over. March 1905 return in triumph left River, Yasuaki area again "You bandits" recruited. Needless to say Guangxi Ping Yu Yong noted. Before and after the first two phases should be distinguished courage to swim. YOU Yong rise in the border of Guangxi, has won in the border. YOU Yong strong activity period is after 1884, that is, after the Sino-French War, was against the law abolished the rebellious soldiers and soldiers in Qing China, driven to revolt, phase formed brigades, they are accustomed to communal living, has always been to chivalry together, trouble catching each other, spontaneously asked to keep their team organization, combined with gradually while the participants of the party, to a certain extent, has organized, disciplined, have a strategy, a doctrine of color. Their activities, indeed in order to restrain French imperialism and the encroachment on China border weakened the Qing government in Guangxi in the southwest of the rule played a role. However, a later stage, YOU Yong itself has undergone complex changes, the members of the good and the bad, the worse, did participate in such as drawing, cutting the village, looting, pumping the water line, Dedication, and so hated by evil people, but also through the chill of terror the worship _set_s of activities into the Bay, the financial resources of the masses extortion, forcing people in the shade under the influence Yong Yu, preservation of life and property, but the gang go Yong Yu, Yu Yong gang again, thanks to Taiwan, the disaster has become a never-ending . Lawless banditry, ancient did not hear. Wuming today, older people Yongning counties, as witnessed its territory, Yu Yong, head of the year referred to special Yan Wang, Lu Caibang, on Wednesday, but also fear. YOU Yong post all kinds of evil, everywhere alike, "Yongning County Bingshi" load: Qing Ren Yin (1902), mao (1903) for two years, Guangxi border city of Nanning, rampant banditry, kidnapping extortion, robbery village, ... ... nothing is there. Some nameless fear of sending troops, while the word "anti Fuming" slogan cover bandit line, more than naked barely veiled also has more dangerous deceptive. Chairman Mao in "On Coalition Government," said: "China's policy and practice of all political parties have shown in the role of the Chinese people and the quality, size, go to in the end, the Chinese people see it for the development of productive forces there to help and Help the size he is bound to see the liberation of productive forces or productivity. "YOU Yong just engage in the destruction of the building instead of just robbing Min, the life of all people can not be protected, where also talk about the development of production! After suppressing YOU Yong Fu Lu Rongting brought to Fangping Jing, the people to live and work, enabling recuperate, should not be the most particular. Again, there have been on the Lu Rongting Ming Dynasty, Lu Rongting did two things that damage the revolution. (A) Fight Zhennan Guan uprising. 1907 Lunar New Year October 27, led by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam and the border will be the party leader Huangming Tang Yong Village, Guangxi, 80 people die launched Zhen Nanguan uprising rocks the night occupying the right top of the town assisted the town in , Town three forts. Next morning, Long Qing Ji light, Lu Rongting his troops reinforcements arrived, the siege of Fort divide our forces on the four revolutionary army, led his troops bravely fight back Huangming Tang, after seven days and nights of fierce fighting, Fort positions still to grasp the hands of the Revolutionary Army, as keep Taiwan's Revolutionary Army ammunition exhausted, have difficulty in drinking water and food, Huang Mingtang decided to abandon the fort to the Vietnamese withdrawal positions. To seize the fort complex are the three bowls. After the withdrawal of the revolutionary army, Lu Rongting to "recover Zhennan Guan" flying reported in Beijing, has been called "Jie Yong Ba Tulu" name by Shangyin twenty-two thousand, left Town taking part and granted letters of Guangxi border supervision. They dyed the blood of revolutionaries the top of his son. Liu Gu Xiang killed, "Second Revolution" was put in Guangxi. Yuan to Lu Rongting "Assigning Hukou riots, Jue Wei Gong in particular," honors two. Lu wrote to the blood of revolutionaries on the "Second Revolution" a negative example for the world and criticized. (C) In addition two other, its troops over there, "law enforcement", lust. In 1917, Duan second cabinet, the Guangdong and Guangxi proclaiming "autonomous", Sri Lanka lift when Sun Yat-sen "protect" flag to open government in Guangzhou, the establishment of military government and was elected generalissimo, Lu Rongting, Tang Jiyao as Marshal. First, land and against the military government organizations, non-cooperation with Sun Yat-sen, the long-term living in Ningwu Zhuang, Sun three times to send Hu, Benedict, the ancient should be fun to invite him to the Northern Expedition in Guangzhou to jointly plan, land is an excuse not to go. Subsequently, Duan decided reunification by force, has surgery to Hunan, the Hunan section of land fear succeed, the North army south, there are horses in danger of the Pearl River, and thus closer to the Sun Yat-sen, the Navy chief of the military government invited to participate in aid Xiang Cheng Biguang law enforcement military conference in Nanning; Lu Rongting, Chen Kun, Tan Haoming other is the Beijing government transfer, removal, emergency situation, Hu also invited representatives of Sun Yat-sen, the military and other government representatives to participate in Wuzhou Zhengting military conference. At this point, Lu said the concession on the Sun Yat-sen, to succeed to send Morong new military governor of Guangdong Andrew Chan Ping-kwan. Subsequently, the military into law enforcement assistance arrived in Changsha, Hunan, Tan Haoming mind regardless of law enforcement, Guangxi, Hunan and Guangdong, both military and civilian coalition government of Hunan Jianling commander. Thus, the law enforcement of the tenor, became the site of greed idea, also down more to do section of the Joint Feng political speculation, and straight against Sun Alliance trick goal wander and cause failure. Bureau in Guangdong, the destruction of Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition Gui plan, the eradication force echoing Sun Yat-sen, "only Xujun Zheng House from destruction, the military government allowed self", then the United southwest of warlords, politicians, and the restructuring of the military government to Cen Chunxuan on behalf of the Sun Zhongshan. So "legal back Sun" success of the military junta known as the Royal Gui supplies, and attempted to destroy the two armies in Yunnan and Guangdong, Guangdong and Guangxi to consolidate its site. August 1920, Yuejun forced to return in triumph, Guangdong, land lust, and ultimately the collapse of the fruit and eat it. (D) indulge in printing, play in the building. Governing the Gui Lu Rongting decade (1912-1921), a total of 28.23 million yuan banknotes issued in print, in addition to the old issue of dilapidated during the destruction of 80 million the amount of money equivalent to another 28 million, the issue of performance is still 27.43 million yuan, according to at that time The total population of nine million dollars Province, more than 3 yuan per person assessed. Value of each note was 3 per hundred pounds of rice, each also assessed a load of corn. December 1913, Guangxi banks and deposits are silver (for gold) Kansas convertible notes of the user charge under 20 million, actually has no silver exchange, the military government issued an order that all land tax notice shall be levied tariffs on paper money, do not accept alms, so temporary notes to non-discrimination, Sun said that notes, "neither mortgage nor guarantee is completely free for the life naked." Although Lu Rongting regime when the shining, Gui note once known as the "goldfish yellow" and short-lived, but the good times never last, in 1921, Yuejun into Gui, Lu power step down in Nanning, Guangxi note they will be abandoned. In 1922, Yuejun out Guangxi, Gui Lu returned to reinstatement, but also printing money 8.5 million yuan, into circulation. Lu Gui note issued before and after the 35.93 million yuan. August 1924, Lu in this failure, power step down, flow in the private notes, and soon turned into a pile of paper. Lu failed, the remnants of the army into autonomous military currency issued more dime a dozen. Damage of the strong, and the sword of the disaster is no different. Connaught issued more money, but also pumping gambling tax, only to squander Gui group needs and years of military forces, and for riding out the builders of the very few. In the beginning Li, Lu opened the first road in Guangxi - Nanning Wu Road, followed by the construction of the Guangxi Military School, Nanning Xixiangtang Barracks, Zhenning Fort, Guangxi Army Ordnance Bureau, land mansion, Ling Village, rain shelters iron , Zhao ancestral hall, the total ancestral Lu, Ma Wulie Shrine, mostly for military needs. Strong as the difference between riding out who is Lu step down before the door and the North East in Nanning of a few mouthfuls of water wells drilled outside. End up with people, said: "Governing the Gui Lu Rongting years, no building, since future generations will inevitably blame." (E) According to Guangdong four years, the popularity of big paradox. Into Guangdong, Guangxi Province, the excuse to reduce the burden on the people, the first meeting troops to save money, to slashing the local force of Guangdong, the Guangdong governor Zhu Qinglan again forced to hand over the military governor of the pro-second camp, so called the bachelor governor Zhu trapped in no useless, and then excuse the Northern Expedition to be rates, opening relaxation gambling ban, and took over the arsenal, mint and other critical sectors, its control, such as horses in their own economic and other trusted hands. After obtaining Guangdong and Guangxi Xunyue Shi Lu, Chan Ping-Kun guitar blue Baiba military governor of Guangdong, Guangxi warlord Qijiu Tan Haoming, these two pillars of Gui Group, symbolically reveals the Greenwood and nepotism have become the unwritten CLIQUE the employment of any official rules. Needless to say, all military and political positions are Guangxi, Guangdong, Cantonese Weibang Ping every effort to do commander of the fort but could not Humen, Guangdong create the arsenal of firearms ammunition, or shipped back to first meet the Guangxi Province, Guangxi, Guangdong people not to meddle in the armed forces, made Mint made the Yin Hao, almost shipped back to Guangxi, the fiscal and financial Chuoyouyuyu Guangxi, and Guangdong money short clumsy, cents coins is low, the Cantonese loss, over tens of millions, causing Gui Group Guangdong people and the profound contradictions, as Games meters seek private gain, including transportation of opium, illicit sale of minerals, etc., as Guangdong is paradise for adventurers. Clique the higher officials, largely become a rich man, who he had a bad thing, but also clamp one mouth, newspapers, public opinion on the implementation of fascist control, and therefore, "South Vietnam" reporter Li Huiquan protest gambling, "Democrat" for exposing editor Chen Gengfu Gui bureaucratic insider, Tan Haoming, Morong and other new charges were to deploy army to arrest shot. And so on, Gui only in the loss of popular support in Guangdong, as well as Guangdong, Chen return in triumph, the people swarmed the military response, Guangxi Province, Huizhou City, want to send more troops to resist the stick in the Lu Rongting Wuming has telegraphed to the East River front line is Yuejun new operations Morong, Ma Ji, Lin Hu, Hong Shen commander of the British and other instructions "can not add soldiers guarding the city," because "people have to, keep the damage, abandoned the good." Lu aware of the importance of people, but lost time is never, it was too late. November 1928, Lu Rongting died in Shanghai, while Shanghai "circular reporting" to seek the elegiac couplet at home and abroad, most of the Fang Junyan all candidates, _select_ion results, Guangxi Province, Tengxian Qing elegiac couplet written by He Peixuan lifts, won the championship. The Alliance says: The mountains to shoot a tiger, Dragon hand, Ling Qiao Zhen Nanguan years for the crime for the work today on the final nail should be; Outstanding Wuming, came out of the Yuelu, a column south branch building, epic, ages believe Shiyou Gong comment. When this joint has been hailed as the best depicts life Luks.
