Scattering particles in the atmosphere and the cloud reflection of solar radiation reaching the ground decreased, this effect seems to hold up the ground on a huge beach umbrella, so called the parasol effect. Volcanic eruptions, dust storms and other causes of the increase in atmospheric total suspended particles and cloudier, will strengthen the parasol effect, to reduce the surface temperature.
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No. 2
Parasol effect (umbrella effect)
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Definition of parasol effect
Refers to air pollutants on solar radiation caused by the weakening effect of the cooling effect of the ground. Have natural causes and human causes. The former, such as volcanic dust and sea spray splashing a lot of all kinds of salt into the atmosphere; the latter, such as industrial, transportation and life of soot emitted by burning fossil fuels. In addition, agricultural production and destruction of vegetation, resulting in a lot of dust into the atmosphere from the ground, so that suspended particles in the atmosphere greatly increased. These aerosol particles will be absorbed and reflected solar radiation and reduce the UV through, so that solar radiation reaching the ground greatly reduced, resulting in lower surface temperature. Aerosol particles in the atmosphere increases, increased condensation nuclei, so that cloud cover, precipitation, fog frequency increased, the surface has a cooling effect. Because of this role like a parasol block solar radiation leaving the surface temperature decreased, so they chose this name.
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Parasol effect explanation
Radiation characteristics of the aerosol cooling effect caused due to similar umbrellas, so called "umbrella effect." Suspended in the atmosphere, aerosol particles on the one hand some of the incident solar radiation reflected back into space, reduced solar radiation reaching the ground, increase the planetary albedo, incoming solar energy to reduce the ground; the other hand, some of the hygroscopic particles are as condensation nuclei, prompting the surrounding water vapor condenses on it, resulting in low clouds, fog increased, changing the optical characteristics of clouds and life, so that cloud albedo increases, reduced incident radiation equally, so that the bottom surface and lower atmospheric temperature role. "Parasol effect" in the northern hemisphere show the most obvious reason is the higher level of industrialization in the region and the resulting air pollution.
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Causes of parasol effect
However, the most serious of the parasol effect is caused by large-scale nuclear war, "nuclear winter." Because a large number of nuclear explosions will be more sand dust sent to the atmosphere, so that the Earth's atmosphere becomes foul. As the sun heat the ground by the sharp decline in the earth or even drop to below freezing temperatures, they have been called the "nuclear winter" (nuclear winter theory itself is not yet mature, and in the research stage.) Most scientists agree that 65 million years ago, the sudden extinction of the dinosaurs on Earth, is about 10 km in diameter asteroid colliding with Earth, causing massive smoke "nuclear winter" result. Greenhouse effect of global warming, global cooling parasol effect while filling, but nothing more warming than cooling is well.
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Parasol effect and climate effects of aerosol
Thus, in the study of global change such a major issue is the impact of aerosols must be considered. Unfortunately, the current effect of aerosols on climate is still very low, far from the climate impact of greenhouse gas levels. Aerosol effect on global climate research, is still obscure, but also the lack of global monitoring of atmospheric aerosol data. Strengthen the global monitoring of atmospheric aerosols and their climatic effects to enhance the study of aerosol science is an urgent task.
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Parasol effect and global cooling
In fact, human activities cause global warming while also causing global cooling. But much less degree of warming, cooling degree Bale. It was first received revelation from the volcanic eruption. Because of the huge volcanic eruption of volcanic dust emitted into the Earth's upper atmosphere, this final distribution to the global volcanic dust can heat a lot of sunlight reflected back into space, so that the global temperature decrease. For example, the Philippines in 1991 Pinaitubo eruption, there was the eighties and nineties of the 20th century, the strong trend of global warming being curbed. Volcanic dust that the cooling effect of the Earth's atmosphere to the earth seems to hold a one umbrella, hence the name "umbrella effect." Caused by human activities, desertification and sandstorms, as well as industrial production and emission of soot particles in an explosion of war (for example, the smoke and the recent Gulf War, the South Asian brown cloud coverage) also has a strong parasol effect. According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports, including the Earth caused by human activities including soot particles in the atmosphere such as arising from the parasol effect, the temperature value is equivalent to the value of global atmospheric greenhouse warming by 20%. In other words, if there is no soot particles parasol effect of global warming caused by human activity rate would be even greater. However, the most serious of the parasol effect is also caused by large-scale nuclear war, "nuclear winter." Nuclear explosions will be more because a huge amount of sand cloud of dust sent to the atmosphere, the Earth's atmosphere to be "pandemonium." As the sun heat the ground by the sharp decline in the earth or even drop to below freezing temperatures, they have been called the "nuclear winter" (nuclear winter theory itself is not yet mature, and in the research stage.) Most scientists agree that 65 million years ago, the sudden extinction of the dinosaurs on Earth, is a 10 km diameter asteroid colliding with Earth, causing massive smoke "nuclear winter" result.
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Containing Phrases
'male' principle umbrella effect Definitions
'male' principle umbrella effect of agglomerate
'male' principle umbrella effect of interpret
'male' principle umbrella effect and Seven seas chill