Gerbils (meiiones unguiculataus milme-edwauds) Alias: Long claw gerbils, Mongolian gerbils or black claws Mongolian gerbils (Inner Mongolia area), yellow rat (Hebei dam area), sand rat, etc. Category: Gang are breast-feeding, rodents, hamsters Branch, gerbil subfamily, gerbils are. Distribution: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and adjacent provinces, including Hebei Province, northern Shanxi, Shaanxi, willing, Ningxia, Qinghai and other places of the grassland areas. Mongolian People's Republic of Buryatia region and the Soviet Union also distributed.
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Biological characteristics of
Gerbils are small Caoyuan animal, the size range between rats and mice, usually weighing not more than 100 mature (30-113) g, body length of 112.5 (97-132) mm, tail length of 101.5 ( 97-106) mm, gray-brown back hair, chest hair gray, clear ear, ear shell front with gray hair, inside the top of a small and short hair, the Department of partial nudity. Was to close on the tail hair, tail hair is longer, the formation of hair bundles. Claws long, curved tapered toe with strong claws for digging holes, and palm plantar hind legs were in fine hairs, eyes large and round. Hi living in caves in sandy soil, agile, like social, have stored grain habit, does not hibernate, year round activities, breeding mainly in spring and autumn every year in December and January the basic non-breeding. Breeding adult female 3 to 4 tires a year, an average of 5 to 6 per child only, up to 11, each birth weight of 2.5 to 3.0 g when, under the conditions in captivity, breeding a year, 5 to 8 tires, life The breeding period of 7 to 20 months, 14 breeding females the maximum tire life, life of 2 to 3 years. Age of 3 to 4 months of maturity, usually 5 to 6 months breeding, sexual cycle 4 to 6 days, 24 to 26 days gestation, lactation 21 days, an adult female weighing 60 to 75 grams, male 70 to 80 grams.
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Features anatomy and physiology
长爪沙鼠 解剖生理特点
Gerbil serum cholesterol levels were significantly affected by dietary cholesterol content. Although gerbils can tolerate atherosclerosis, but the high-cholesterol diet can cause liver fat deposition and gallstones.
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Biomedical Research Applications
Gerbils in the medical field as an experimental animal for 20 to 30 years. Although the use of large rats, mice, guinea pigs and hamsters much less, but some of its unique anatomy, physiology and behavioral characteristics important for the study of some special value, and mice can not be compared with similar of. And more and more to expand its scope of application, the fact that for many years gerbil is a "flex" of the experimental animals, is a very important development value of the animal. Some studies have mainly been in the following application: Gerbils of the cerebral vascular different from other animals, has a unique anatomical feature, after the cerebral arterial circle traffic branch defect, not connected to the carotid artery system and vertebral artery system, posterior communicating artery, can not constitute a complete willis arteries ring, the use of this feature, a single knot Zhasha mice, carotid artery, it is likely to cause cerebral lesions. Xu PL 1985, using its established model of cerebral ischemia. Ligation of the 20 gerbils single, bilateral common carotid artery, 30 to 40% of the unilateral carotid artery ligation hemiplegia occurred after the animal signs, ligation of the contralateral limbs small, weak muscle sheets, 90% of the bilateral common carotid artery ligation animals after surgery, vertical jump, shortness of breath. More than 1 hour after unilateral ligation of ischemic pathological changes to ligation basal lateral temporal cortex and with the most obvious, mainly edema, necrosis, neuronal loss, bilateral ligation of death within 2 hours had no significant lesions, 8 hours death can be seen within the ischemic lesion, have bilateral hemisphere ischemia. The copy of the model, simple, experimental results and reliable, reproducible, and can be used for the experimental study of cerebral ischemia and drug therapy. leyine other end Zhasha rat carotid artery on one side, a few hours later, found that 20 to 65% of the gerbils appear infarction, death in 3 days. Osaka University in 1982 with 85sr or 141ce labeled carbonized microspheres 15 microns in diameter, by heart puncture of the main organs of the gerbil local blood flow and local cerebral blood flow hemodynamics. This study using gerbils presented cerebral stroke, cerebral anemia and postoperative cerebral blood flow is ideal. Gerbils on a variety of filarial, protozoa, nematodes, tapeworms and flukes are very sensitive, so it is a good study of parasitic diseases such objects. Especially in recent years both at home and abroad that the gerbil is an ideal animal model of filariasis. (C) microbiology Also, according to chang and other studies, gerbils for x-ray or γ-ray of the tolerance dose of 2 times for other animals, but is unusually sensitive to streptomycin, 50mg can be lethal to mature gerbils.
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Grass 百科
长爪沙鼠 草业百科
长爪沙鼠 草业百科
长爪沙鼠 草业百科
Morphological characteristics of body length 100-130 mm. Tail less than length of head and footer, Phi with dense hair, gradually lengthening the end of the formation of hair bundles; hind cane and palm Department has fine hairs; claws dark brown, curved and sharp. Head and tail hair was yellow sand, and often tipped with black; mouth to the ear with a gray stripe; chest and abdomen dirty white (Meriones unguiculatus pure white), tipped white, gray hair base; yellow tail hair on the end of the hair bundle was dark. Adult male from the throat to the chest and abdomen with a brown longitudinal center line pattern (Figure 1-40). Skull before the narrow width, the more narrow nose; bone between the oval top; about listening bubble are in close proximity; front lateral incisors have a longitudinal groove; adult upper and lower cheek teeth with the tooth root, the chewing surfaces due to wear and form a triangle. This is an important feature of the subfamily gerbils. Gerbils life span of about a year and a half, according to their degree of wear of occlusal surfaces of molars, the root of the length of the cheek teeth, cheek teeth on the lateral teeth gradually ditch push to shorten the case and body length, can be the gerbil population is divided into four age groups: (1) young group: body length 70-80 mm, 3 molar buried in the alveolar, or grow molars after the plane has not yet reached the height of cheek teeth roots are not forked or slightly a bifurcation, age 1-2 months; (2) sub-adult: body length 90-104 mm, three molars are in the same plane, there has been significant tooth root bifurcation, the crown of the tooth within the outer groove intact, clearly visible, tooth for 2.5-7 months, years, part of the larger individuals have been able to participate in breeding; (3) adult: body length 104-120 mm, the chewing surfaces of molars furcation and tooth wear and rising the alveolar tooth groove bottom left edge, about 1/2-1/3 of the upper crown, aged 8 months to 1 years old, is the peak of winter and reproduction the main component of most fertility , is the main population growth; (4) age groups: body length 120-135 mm, teeth only in the ditch on the edge of the left molar crown about 1 / 3 or were remnants of the like, the age of 1 year or more. (Figure 1-41). Distribution in the province located in Central County, Dingxi, Longxi, Gaolan, Lanzhou, Yongdeng, Tianzhu, Laguna, Jingtai, lily, Zhangye, folk music and so on. Domestic distribution of Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia. Foreign distribution in Mongolia.
