[Name] falcipennis falcipennis [English name] siberian spruce grouse [Latin name] falcipennis [Species classification] Galliformes> Phasianidae> genus Fusarium chicken wings galliformes> phasianidae> dendragapus falcipennis [Outline] Sickle chicken wing length is 32 to 41 cm, weight 600 to 700 g. Male and female feather hue similar, but the female is paler plumage. Head to the nape of gray olive or sand yellow, with a narrow black stripe; behind the eyes of a white pattern; rest of the body's body feathers are dark brown, mixed with gray and yellow sand worm beetle-like spots, lower chest and abdomen alternating black and white horizontal stripes; wings short round, the most special is the primary flight feathers on the hard, narrow pointed wings, a sickle shape; feathers have 16, there is a broad white feather tail end of the central brown, the other black tail, above . Iris within the eye is brown, the upper edge of the eye has a bright red bare skin; mouth is black; legs were feathers, feet and toes of brown. Cry: male courtship sounding the alarm and thick ka cha, ka cha sound, uuu-rrr to warble sound; koo mellow sound emitted when mating. [Habit] Found covered by dense coniferous forest tundra altitude of 200 to 1500 Millington. [Distribution] Sickle-winged grouse distribution range chicken is the most narrow of a bird species, no subspecies. Found only in a foreign country the Russian Far East Siberia, east of Lake Baikal and the Lena River to the Sea of Okhotsk coast, Ussuri and Sakhalin Island and other places; in our country is only distributed in Heilongjiang Province and Heilongjiang downstream Xiaoxing'anling , very rare. [Habitat] Sickle-winged chicken is a typical forest birds, mainly found in bilberry, cloudberry, dwarf Lycopodium, raspberries, gooseberries and other shrubs and lush vegetation, abundant berries larch, fir, spruce and other coniferous forests, especially glade, burned area, fields, meadows, marshes, shrub-phase alternating low mountain areas, habitat altitude range is typically 700 to 1600 meters. Autumn and winter there is no obvious migratory behavior, habitat altitude only slightly. Multiple pairs of breeding activity, the number of non-breeding season is formed only a small group, more than the maximum 10. [Food] Winter food is mainly spruce, fir, larch and other conifers twigs, buds, seeds, etc. Other seasons except conifers, but also to bilberry, crowberry, raspberry, cotton wool moss fruit, gooseberries, strawberries and other shrubs and herbaceous leaves, buds, buds, seeds and berries. They also eat some lepidopteran insects, beetles, snails and ants. [Breeding] Sickle-winged chicken breeding season is from April to July, began to appear in late April estrus and courtship behavior. It courtship, breeding and brood, etc., are very similar to other grouse birds. Estrus male first stop on a tree, with its bulky feathers, swelling of the eyes and upper bright red pelt like grouse courtship display serious attitude, fan-shaped tail feathers were ruffled, and straighten the head and neck, and stretched very low, except for the tail lift fan or was issued a slight rustle, the whole forest seemed very quiet. Then the male bird fell to the ground, while finishing feathers, while issued a similar "woo woo ╠ ╠ ╠ uh uh" sounds vibrate and similar grouse and prolong the "click, click" sound. The sound is very loud and can spread to hundreds of meters. They are also sometimes standing on a large tree stump, stretching its wings, carried a strong beat, the jump 1 meter high and issuing loud screams. This is repeated, the duration of a few hours. After mating, the female began nesting. Nesting habitat is generally on the sunny hillside blueberry bushes, etc., often under fallen logs or tree roots next Ground. Nest is very simple, with a recess in the ground pine and small shrubs such as bilberry twigs barricaded, there are leaves, feathers and other objects bedding. Sickle-winged chicken litter produced 6 to 10 eggs, up to 15. Egg color is pale brown, olive or brown spots having a size of 43 ~ 48 × 31 ~ 32 mm. Incubation by the female bear, since the incubation period is not known, but from June to August you can see the female with a nest nestling activities in the mountains. [Protection] Sickle-winged chicken either in Russia or China, are very rare, grouse become the most rare and endangered species. National animal protection. In the 1960s, discovered in Russia sporadic individuals per hectare density of only 0.0025. Distribution area is small, especially pine and spruce forest habitat has been cut down in their survival is the main influence. Fortunately, the recent expedition from Germany, Austria and Russia scientists in the Russian Far East found a higher density of population. Chicken wings in our sickle reported only once in the northeastern Heilongjiang Xiaoxing'anling and downstream distribution, but in recent decades yet no reports about their wild, domestic research institutions, museums nor its specimen collection, it Are there any wild populations in our presence, pending further investigation, but the situation is not optimistic about the possibility of extinction in China has greatly. Because so far on this species biology, ecology rarely carried out, on its population, is known to breed in any case rarely reported, domestic and foreign are also no artificial feeding area, so strengthening the sickle-winged chicken fieldwork, research and conservation work, thus providing a scientific basis for carrying out artificial domestication and breeding, restoring wild populations, has become an urgent thing. Sickle chicken wings, because the sickle-shaped wing feathers like the name. Sickle-winged chicken distributed in Heilongjiang Xiaoxing'anling and downstream, foreign seen Siberia. Because of similar shape and hazel grouse, who was once as dragon prey. 1986 ~ 1987 survey, with no trace. 2000 Xinhua News Agency announced that the five-year investigation by the Heilongjiang animals found no sickle-winged chicken, local people also have not seen for decades. According to the IUCN Red List of regulations, if a species not seen for 50 years, you can conclude that in the region extinct.
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No. 2
[Name] Falcipennis falcipennis [English name] Siberian Spruce Grouse [Latin name] Falcipennis [Species classification] Galliformes> Phasianidae> genus Fusarium chicken wings GALLIFORMES> Phasianidae> Dendragapus falcipennis [Outline] Sickle chicken wing length is 32 to 41 cm, weight 600 to 700 g. Male and female feather hue similar, but the female is paler plumage. Head to the nape of gray olive or sand yellow, with a narrow black stripe; behind the eyes of a white pattern; rest of the body's body feathers are dark brown, mixed with gray and yellow sand worm beetle-like spots, lower chest and abdomen alternating black and white horizontal stripes; wings short round, the most special is the primary flight feathers on the hard, narrow pointed wings, a sickle shape; feathers have 16, there is a broad white feather tail end of the central brown, the other black tail, above . Iris within the eye is brown, the upper edge of the eye has a bright red bare skin; mouth is black; legs were feathers, feet and toes of brown. Cry: male courtship sounding the alarm and thick ka cha, ka cha sound, uuu-rrr to warble sound; koo mellow sound emitted when mating. [Habit] Found covered by dense coniferous forest tundra altitude of 200 to 1500 Millington. [Distribution] Sickle-winged grouse distribution range chicken is the most narrow of a bird species, no subspecies. Found only in a foreign country the Russian Far East Siberia, east of Lake Baikal and the Lena River to the Sea of Okhotsk coast, Ussuri and Sakhalin Island and other places; in our country is only distributed in Heilongjiang Province and Heilongjiang downstream Xiaoxing'anling , very rare. [Habitat] Sickle-winged chicken is a typical forest birds, mainly found in bilberry, cloudberry, dwarf Lycopodium, raspberries, gooseberries and other shrubs and lush vegetation, abundant berries larch, fir, spruce and other coniferous forests, especially glade, burned area, fields, meadows, marshes, shrub-phase alternating low mountain areas, habitat altitude range is typically 700 to 1600 meters. Autumn and winter there is no obvious migratory behavior, habitat altitude only slightly. Multiple pairs of breeding activity, the number of non-breeding season is formed only a small group, more than the maximum 10. [Food] Winter food is mainly spruce, fir, larch and other conifers twigs, buds, seeds, etc. Other seasons except conifers, but also to bilberry, crowberry, raspberry, cotton wool moss fruit, gooseberries, strawberries and other shrubs and herbaceous leaves, buds, buds, seeds and berries. They also eat some lepidopteran insects, beetles, snails and ants. [Breeding] Sickle-winged chicken breeding season is from April to July, began to appear in late April estrus and courtship behavior. It courtship, breeding and brood, etc., are very similar to other grouse birds. Estrus male first stop on a tree, with its bulky feathers, swelling of the eyes and upper bright red pelt like grouse courtship display serious attitude, fan-shaped tail feathers were ruffled, and straighten the head and neck, and stretched very low, except for the tail lift fan or was issued a slight rustle, the whole forest seemed very quiet. Then the male bird fell to the ground, while finishing feathers, issued a similar side quiver and prolong the "woo - woo - uh - uh" sounds like grouse and the "click, click" sound. The sound is very loud and can spread to hundreds of meters. They are also sometimes standing on a large tree stump, stretching its wings, carried a strong beat, the jump 1 meter high and issuing loud screams. This is repeated, the duration of a few hours. After mating, the female began nesting. Nesting habitat is generally on the sunny hillside blueberry bushes, etc., often under fallen logs or tree roots next Ground. Nest is very simple, with a recess in the ground pine and small shrubs such as bilberry twigs barricaded, there are leaves, feathers and other objects bedding. Sickle-winged chicken litter produced 6 to 10 eggs, up to 15. Egg color is pale brown, olive or brown spots having a size of 43 ~ 48 × 31 ~ 32 mm. Incubation by the female bear, since the incubation period is not known, but from June to August you can see the female with a nest nestling activities in the mountains. [Protection] Sickle-winged chicken either in Russia or China, are very rare, grouse become the most rare and endangered species. National animal protection. In the 1960s, discovered in Russia sporadic individuals per hectare density of only 0.0025. Distribution area is small, especially pine and spruce forest habitat has been cut down in their survival is the main influence. Fortunately, the recent expedition from Germany, Austria and Russia scientists in the Russian Far East found a higher density of population. Chicken wings in our sickle reported only once in the northeastern Heilongjiang Xiaoxing'anling and downstream distribution, but in recent decades yet no reports about their wild, domestic research institutions, museums nor its specimen collection, it Are there any wild populations in our presence, pending further investigation, but the situation is not optimistic about the possibility of extinction in China has greatly. 2000 Xinhua News Agency news release, Heilongjiang animals for five years after the investigation found no sickle-winged chicken, local people also have not seen for decades. Because so far on this species biology, ecology rarely carried out, on its population, is known to breed in any case rarely reported, domestic and foreign are also no artificial feeding area, so strengthening the sickle-winged chicken fieldwork, research and conservation work, thus providing a scientific basis for carrying out artificial domestication and breeding, restoring wild populations, has become an urgent thing. (Note: 2000 Xinhua News Agency quoted the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Wildlife Research concluded officially announced: Sickle of two protected wildlife chicken wings extinct in China is not even a chicken wing with sickle specimens) Sickle chicken wings, because the sickle-shaped wing feathers like the name. Sickle-winged chicken distributed in Heilongjiang Xiaoxing'anling and downstream, foreign seen Siberia. Because of similar shape and hazel grouse, who was once as dragon prey. 1986 ~ 1987 survey, with no trace. 2000 Xinhua News Agency announced that the five-year investigation by the Heilongjiang animals found no sickle-winged chicken, local people also have not seen for decades. According to the IUCN Red List of regulations, if a species not seen for 50 years, you can conclude that in the region extinct.