Species name: Zhenhai wart newt
Chinese alias: Zhenhai Acanthostega
Latin name: tylototriton chinhaiensis
English name: zhenghai newt
Species Category: Amphibia, there Anura, Salamandridae, Newt is a wart
Distribution: The distribution of Zhenhai District warts salamander is very narrow, so far only found in Zhejiang Zhenhai. Habitat at an elevation of 100 to 200 meters of the hilly areas, generally mild climate, abundant rainfall, vegetation is more lush, the ground covered with weeds, water reservoirs and ditches year-round more holes around Shixue and soil.
Degree of protection: national secondary protection of animals
Species Description: Newt is Amphibia Zhenhai warts, there Anura, Salamandridae. Latin scientific name tylototriton chinhaiensis. 1932 was first found in China town in eastern Zhejiang Province, Ningbo City Zhenhai Wan, known as the "warts Zhenhai salamander." The only type specimens were lost due to the Japanese invasion of China. In 1978, the Chinese zoologists have finally Temple in Zhenhai County, near the Swiss found it again.
Body feature: Newt, also known as warts Zhenhai Zhenhai Acanthostega, body length 11-15 cm, tail length of 4-6 cm. Wide and flat head and body and limbs moderate. Head wide at the head length, was sub-triangular; cephalic ridge edge is not very developed, began to kiss the side, the upper eyelids, until after the gland behind the eyes and ears phase; head of a small longitudinal ridge, the rear with "v"-shaped ridge . Snout sliced; nose bit rostral end, a small valve, lateral eye; vomer teeth out longer, was "eight" shape, starting from the two nostrils inside the front, rear ends medial orbital; tongue sub-round shape, the sides and back slightly free; neck folds is not obvious or more significant individuals. Torso flat on the back of relatively flat, there are many warts lateral grain heap and arranged in rows of scrofula warts, scrofula smaller warts, about 12 or so, another ill-defined; the back edge of the central ridge prominent, the former junctions "v"-shaped ridge, back-end and back end connected to the skin close to the ridge edge of the spine marrow, could distinguish the outline of each cord spine; crest and the ribs on both sides of the corresponding edges are oblique edge, the weak and short tail, tail length was significantly shorter in the head and body length, slightly rectangular base, progressive side of the flat back, tail muscle is weak, low dorsal fold edge ridge with the body attached to the end of pitch; anal hole slit, followed by 5 to 7 mm at the beginning to the end of tail with a low blunt pelvic fold. Hind a little rough on the forelimbs, body opposite, the Zhi Zhi-side overlap. 4 refers to the fore, refers to the length of the order of 3,2,4,1, forelimb reach up to the nose when the third means; hind legs, 5 toes, toe length in the order 3,4,2,1,5, development of the fifth toe normal, slightly shorter than the first toe, fifth toe developed a very few individuals. Rough skin, back belly almost covered with grain sizes of warts, flat meyeriana the central chest, not significant or slightly ventral folds. On the lower lip margin, Zhi Zhi belly, tail fin folds and other parts of smooth, without warts. Body color dark brown, the mere mention of smaller individuals. After the protruding corners of the mouth, ears gland posterior, ventral Zhi Zhi, palmoplantar area, and conflicts are orange tail fin fold, and some individual warts and anal side of the body Knobby orange edge points.
Physiological characteristics: male wart newt smaller size, less than the end of the snout to the anus after the long distance; no significant uplift around the anus, anal fissure principals, the edge of the wart particles smaller, less ordered rules, the front wall of many small milk conflict. Lo body fat than females, tail length is less than the distance from the snout to the anus after; obvious uplift around the anus, anal fissure is relatively short, the edge of the larger particles warts, arranged in neat rows, the inner wall without papillae, more wrinkled bills.
Reproduction: males out of hibernation earlier in time than female, 4 months, may be the breeding peak in late, begun to enter the spawning sites, spawning environment in general choose to ditch or small puddles of static near the waters surrounding vegetation than Mao, weeds clusters, the ground wet. Or large reservoirs in the river flow has not been found near the eggs Cheung. Lay eggs on land, high and low temperature, ground humidity and other factors may directly affect the spawning as early as late in the climate should not be the case, the spawning period may be deferred. More in post-spawning thunderstorm night, temperatures of about 18 to 22 ℃, the eggs produced in the group of mostly 20 to 100 cm of water from the slopes of the earth, farthest from the water for 80 to 100 cm, the most recent 20 to 25 cm , and more generally 40 to 50 cm. Eggs in a cool, wet weeds, and some direct production in the moist soil, decaying leaves or stones in gaps, eggs or leaves the group covered by weeds. Spawning, sustained more than 30 hours. Groups of eggs solitary heap, shiny transparent like pearls. Light yellow eggs, animal pole and vegetal pole similar color, a fluorescent green, a 3.4 mm diameter, 3.2. Newly laid eggs with the outer diameter of 3.6 3.8 mm film. Film a total of three eggs, thin outer layer with adhesive; in the thick and tough, flexible, easily crushed; inner layer is very thin. Each female can lay about 72 for a 94. But in the wild to see the pile of eggs, egg number by a big margin, 44 for a 182, the heap may be an egg does not represent a group of female eggs. The fertilized eggs at room temperature 18 to 22 ℃ under 5 days to grow after 4 short stick of a balanced branches, sticks balance disappeared about 10 days, belly with a lot of residual yolk green fluorescent light. 20 days, the embryos hatched from the film, three pairs of feathery external gills inside a pair of longer. Newly hatched larvae are about 20 mm total length, tail length equal to head length, forelimb bud has differentiated into three fingers or four fingers; hind limb buds have been divided into the trigeminal; body on the back and tail dense and fine linen spots. Larvae hatching in the side or in the varnish on the wet ground, the larval body and tail of the swing, playing with some dynamic capabilities, washed with rain, and gradually moved from the slopes above the waters below, began life in the water. There are also many individuals far from the water or not due to rainfall can not enter the water and cause death. Larvae mostly algae, rot plants and small aquatic animals for food. Larvae in the water after 90 days of life, in August or so largely completed in early metamorphosis, and landing camp terrestrial life. From egg to larva to complete metamorphosis output totaling about 110 days or so. New adult for a 36 mm length of 34, except the head is relatively large, the external shape and the same adult.
The existing situation: Zhenhai warts salamander endemic species of China, about 10 centimeters in length, whole body was black. Its formation was at least more than 100 years of history, is truly a "living fossil." At present, only in Ningbo Zhenhai warts Newt forest area near the Beilun has distribution, the breeding population remaining 350 or so, than the number of giant pandas still scarce. |
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