Business deposits, loans, foreign exchange, savings and other financial institutions business. It is operated by the business in the whole of society from the financial intermediation role. A central bank, commercial banks and a variety of specialized banks.
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yín háng
A deposit, loan, exchange, savings and other financial institutions, business
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No. 3
Manufacturing silverware industry. "Jin Ping Mei," the 90th back: "I will vote in the city of Irving Silver shop, learned the craft of this bank."
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No. 4
Through the deposit, lending, foreign exchange, savings and other services, undertake the task of credit intermediary credit institution. China's first bank is China Merchants Bank, 1897 (Guangxu 20 years) was established. Liang, "Reform through discussion Reform I do not know the harm of primitive": "Since I Shu G, if the railways, if the ship, if the bank ... ... all working class is." Bing "We the living room of his wife": "I am a bit tired today , the bank opened a whole afternoon meeting. "Cao Yu" Sunrise, "the second act:" Mrs Gu 's, you see Hu four banks work these two days has not come. "
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Basic information
[Concept] Bank by deposits, loans, foreign exchange, savings and other services, take the credit intermediary financial institutions. 【English name】 bank
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Banking classification
Central banks such as: the People's Bank (the people's bank of china, pbc) Regulatory agencies such as: Banking Regulatory Commission (china banking regulatory commission, cbrc), CBRC Self-regulatory organizations such as: China Banking Association (china banking association, cba) The banking institutions include policy banks, large commercial banks, small and medium commercial banks, rural financial institutions, postal savings banks, foreign banks, non bank financial institutions
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The emergence and development
Bank from the Italian word banco, meaning bench, early trading in the market, bankers use. English into a bank, meaning the money for the store cupboard, early bankers known as the "long bench to sit people." The emergence and development banks are the same currency linked to the development of commodity economy, the pre-capitalist social currency exchange industry is the basis for the formation of the banking industry. Currency exchange business initially operated only coin exchange business, keeping currency traders and later-generation, collection and payment in cash, for Su-Wei suddenly froze and so on. This exchange from the merchant's hands, and gradually gathered a large number of currency funds. When the money changers in the lending business?, Currency exchange industry on the development of the banking industry. The first modern bank was built in 1580 in Venice, Italy bank. Since then, 1593 in Milan, 1609 in Amsterdam, 1621 in Nuremberg, 1629 in Hamburg and other cities have also established a bank. These bank loans were the main target is the government, and with the nature of usury, and therefore can not meet the requirements of the development of capitalist industry and commerce. The earliest organized according to capitalist principles of the shares of the bank is the Bank of England was established in 1694. Early 19th century to the 18th century, huge stock banks have established as the main form of capitalist banks. With the further development of the credit economy and the state intervention in social and economic life continued to strengthen, but also had to establish a central bank's objective requirements. After the 1844 reorganization of the Bank of England can be regarded as capitalist countries the central bank of the originator. The latter half of the 19th century, Western countries have been _set_ up a central bank. Early bank deposits for businesses, short-term mortgage loans and discounted as the main service. Now, the West Bank's business has been extended to investment in securities, gold trading, long-term loans, leasing, trust, insurance, consulting, information services and computer services and other aspects. Modern Western banking structure is very complicated, the Milky Way panorama wide range of forms of organization, are: the government banks, officials and businessmen co-banks, private banks; Stock Bank, wholly-owned bank; national bank, local banks; round of banks, professional banks; corporate banks, Co-operative Bank. Functions can be divided by the central bank, commercial banks, investment banks, savings banks and other specialized credit institutions. They form the center of the central bank, stock commercial banks as the main types of co-existence of a modern banking system banks. Since the 20th century, with international trade and international finance and the rapid development in the world after another to build a number of global or regional banking organization, such as the 1930 establishment of the Bank for International _Set_tlements, the International Bank for Reconstruction was established in 1945 (ie World Bank), 1956, the International Finance Corporation, 1964, the African Development Bank, established in 1966, the Asian Development Bank, the banks and across national borders in the wider field of play.
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China's banks
In the reign of the Kuomintang revolutionary base areas, the people of the financial industry to gradually grow and develop. Established in 1932, the Soviet State Bank, after the reorganization of the Shaanxi-Gansu-bank. 1948, established the People's Bank of China. Since 1949, the confiscation of bureaucratic capital of banks based on the combined organization of the revolutionary base of the bank, the People's Bank of China under the leadership of the original bank restructuring the bureaucratic capital for the new Bank of China, Bank of Communications and agricultural cooperative banks. Later, they built and the restructuring of the Chinese People's Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China Investment Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank. 1953 to 1955, after the capital verification, adjustment and implementation of savings business professional, institutional and public-private banking business into the People's Bank of China, which established a new centralized financial system. In September 1983 the State Council issued a special on the People's Bank of China to exercise the functions of the central bank's decision, People's Bank of China became a unified state management of financial institutions, other specialized banks as an economic entity. Since then also established a joint-stock, multi-functional _set_ by economic region of the Bank and other banks and many non-bank financial institutions, formed a central bank led to specialized state banks as the main body, the coexistence of a variety of new financial institutions financial system. In this system, the bank is carrying on money, apply for credit, _set_tlement of economic organization, is state regulation of economy, management of important economic institutions.
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What is the bank
Bank by deposits, loans, foreign exchange, savings and other services, take the credit intermediary financial institutions. Banks are financial institutions, and is the most important financial institutions, its main business scope to absorb public deposits, loans and bills discounted for other. In China, the People's Bank of China is China's central bank. Bank term derived from the Italian Banca, the intention is that benches, chairs, was the first market money changers operating equipment. English into Bank, which means saving cabinet. In China, the reason for the "bank," said, with China's economic development is related to the history. In our history, silver has always been one of the major currencies material. "Silver" is often represented by the currency, and the "line" is big business is the title. And money for the processing of large financial institutions as banks, first seen in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Renxuan book "Yew new chapter."
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The emergence and development banks
The term comes from Italian bank Banca, meaning bench, early trading in the market, bankers use. English into a bank, meaning the money for the store cupboard, early bankers known as the "long bench to sit people." Banking is a commodity money economy develops to a certain stage of the product. It produces roughly divided into three stages: The first stage: the emergence of currency exchange industry and changers. The second stage: to increase storage and collection and payment of money by the currency exchange industry business that evolved into the currency of operations. Phase III: sideline money kept, payment, _set_tlement, lending and other services, currency exchange when the banking industry will develop. The emergence and development banks are the same currency linked to the development of commodity economy, the pre-capitalist social currency exchange industry is the basis for the formation of the banking industry. Currency exchange business initially operated only coin exchange business, keeping money and later on behalf of the merchant, payment cash. This exchange from the merchant's hands, and gradually gathered a large number of currency funds. When the money changers in the lending business, currency exchange industry on the development of the banking industry. The first originated in Western Europe, ancient banking currency exchange industry. Initially only for the money changers convertible currency traders, and later developed into custody for the currency traders, the cash payment, clearing and remittance processing, but do not pay interest, and pay the storage fee and handling fee. With the development of industry and commerce, a money changer's business to further develop, their hands together a lot of money. Money changers in order to reap more profits, the use of the hands together to get the money interest on loans, currency exchange industry has developed into a bank. 2000 BC Babylonian temple, 500 BC Greek temples, have been kept gold and silver operation, payment of interest, lending institutions. Modern Bank produced in medieval Italy, as Venice special geographical location, it became the trade center. 1171, Venice bank was established, which is the world's first bank, followed by other cities in Italy and Germany, the Netherlands, some cities have _set_ up a bank. In China, the mid-Ming Dynasty to the formation of the nature of banks with banks, to the Qing Dynasty appeared ticket number. The first name of the bank's domestic banks to use the "Commercial Bank of China", was founded in May 27, 1897, the first National Bank was founded in 1905, "the Ministry of banks", later known as the "Great Qing Bank", 1911 Xinhai Revolution, the Qing Bank reorganized into "Chinese Bank", still in use. The first modern bank was built in 1580 in Venice, Italy bank. Since then, 1593 in Milan, 1609 in Amsterdam, 1621 in Nuremberg, 1629 in Hamburg and other cities have also established a bank. These bank loans were the main target is the government, and with the nature of usury, and therefore can not meet the requirements of the development of capitalist industry and commerce. The earliest organized according to capitalist principles of the shares of the bank is the Bank of England was established in 1694. Early 19th century to the 18th century, huge stock banks have established as the main form of capitalist banks. With the further development of the credit economy and the state intervention in social and economic life continued to strengthen, but also had to establish a central bank's objective requirements. After the 1844 reorganization of the Bank of England can be regarded as capitalist countries the central bank of the originator. The latter half of the 19th century, Western countries have been _set_ up a central bank. Early bank deposits for businesses, short-term mortgage loans and discounted as the main service. Now, the West Bank's business has been extended to investment in securities, gold trading, long-term loans, leasing, trust, insurance, consulting, information services and computer services and other aspects. Modern Western banking structure is very complicated, are: the government banks, officials and businessmen co-banks, private banks; Stock Bank, wholly-owned bank; national bank, local banks; Almighty banks, specialized banks; corporate banks, mutual cooperative banks. Functions can be divided by the central bank, commercial banks, investment banks, savings banks and other specialized credit institutions. They form the center of the central bank, stock commercial banks as the main types of co-existence of a modern banking system banks. Since the 20th century, with international trade and international finance and the rapid development in the world after another to build a number of global or regional banking organization, such as the 1930 establishment of the Bank for International _Set_tlements, the International Bank for Reconstruction was established in 1945 (ie World Bank), 1956, the International Finance Corporation, 1964, the African Development Bank, established in 1966, the Asian Development Bank, the banks and across national borders in the wider field of play.
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Banking classification
1, the central bank: for example, Bank of China (The People's Bank of China, PBC). 2, regulators: for example, the Banking Regulatory Commission (China Banking Regulatory Commission, CBRC), referred to as the CBRC. 3, self-regulatory organization: for example, the China Banking Association (China Banking Association, CBA). 4, the banking financial institutions: including policy banks, large commercial banks (industry, agriculture, construction,, the cross), small and medium sized national joint-stock commercial banks (investment, CITIC, Pudong, livelihood, Societe Generale, China Everbright, China, Guangzhou hair, dark hair, Zhejiang, Bohai Sea, Prudential), city commercial banks, rural financial institutions, China Postal Savings Bank, foreign banks, non-bank financial institutions.
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The role of banks
Bank is carrying on money business, it is there to facilitate the financing and social intermediation, financial institutions, which it is a very important one. We can see that the bank's business, on the one hand, it deposits the way, the society of idle funds and micro-currency monetary savings together, and then in the form of loans lent to people who need to add money to use; here the bank acts as intermediary lenders and borrowers. On the other hand, commodity producers and merchants banks for currency payment and _set_tlement business, it acts as an intermediary to pay. In short, the banks play the role of credit intermediaries. The basic functions of commercial banks Credit intermediation Payment intermediaries Credit creation Financial Services
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History of China's banks
In the reign of the Kuomintang revolutionary base areas, the people of the financial industry to gradually grow and develop. Established in 1932, the Soviet State Bank, after the reorganization of the Shaanxi-Gansu-bank. 1948, established the People's Bank of China. Since 1949, the confiscation of bureaucratic capital of banks based on the combined organization of the revolutionary base of the bank, the People's Bank of China under the leadership of the original bank restructuring the bureaucratic capital for the new Bank of China, Bank of Communications and agricultural cooperative banks. Later, they built and the restructuring of the Chinese People's Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China Investment Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank. 1953-1955, after capital verification, adjustment and implementation of savings business professional, institutional and public-private banking business into the People's Bank of China, which established a new centralized financial system. In September 1983 the State Council issued a special on the People's Bank of China to exercise the functions of the central bank's decision, People's Bank of China became a unified state management of financial institutions, other specialized banks as an economic entity. Since then also established a joint-stock, multi-functional _set_ by economic region of the Bank and other banks and many non-bank financial institutions, formed a central bank led to specialized state banks as the main body, the coexistence of a variety of new financial institutions financial system. In this system, the bank is carrying on money, apply for credit, _set_tlement of economic organization, is state regulation of economy, management of important economic institutions. China's first government-run bank is "Bank of the Ministry of Qing" dynasty was built in three decades in 1904.
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Status and prospects of China's banking sector
In recent years, China's banking sector reform and innovation has made remarkable achievements, the entire banking industry has undergone historic changes in the economic and social development played an important role in supporting and promoting and strong support for China's sound and fast economic development. In 2005 the Chinese domestic banking sector foreign currency as_set_s totaled 35.96 trillion yuan, up 19.3% over the previous year. State-owned commercial banks with total as_set_s 19.15 trillion yuan, up 17.5%; joint-stock commercial bank with total as_set_s 5.49 trillion yuan, up 24.4%; city commercial banks with total as_set_s 1.88 trillion yuan, up 19.9 percent; other financial institutions with total as_set_s 94 400 billion yuan, up 20.0%. Banking financial institutions in the territory of the foreign currency debt amounted to 34.46 trillion yuan, up 18.7% over the previous year. Among them, the state-owned commercial bank liabilities 18.37 trillion yuan, up 17.4%; joint-stock commercial bank liabilities 5.29 trillion yuan, up 24.2%; city commercial banks total liabilities of 1.81 trillion yuan, up 19.6%; other types of financial institutions liabilities 8.99 trillion yuan, an increase of 18.3%. As of the end of 2006, China's banking institutions reached 43.95 trillion yuan total as_set_s, pre-tax profit of 337.92 billion yuan. Than the establishment of the CBRC in 2003, an increase of nearly 10 times. In 2006, the rapid growth of China's banking sector as_set_s, as_set_ quality continued to improve profitability steadily. Pre-tax profit of major commercial banks 240.9 billion yuan, 55.9 billion yuan more than in 2005, an increase of 30.2%, four commercial banks, state-owned shares to change the net rate of return on total as_set_s and net return on average equity reached 0.9% and 14.9%, mainly commercial banks intermediate business income accounted for 17.5%, and further changes in revenue structure. Among them, the state-owned commercial banks, pre-tax profit of 197.49 billion yuan, followed by joint-stock commercial banks, to 43.42 billion yuan. Followed by policy banks was 311 billion yuan, followed by rural credit cooperatives and city commercial banks, were 18.62 billion yuan and 18.09 billion yuan. Studies have shown that banking, including commercial banking and investment banking business, are high-efficiency industry, the main cost of management costs. A 3% spread calculation, this one only loans, domestic banks to increase automatically each year close to 8000-9000 billion profit, under normal circumstances, the banking industry certainly is among the most profitable industry. Expansion of domestic bank as_set_s in multiples of about 20-40 range, the total as_set_s profit margin is only 0.1-0.9% (average about 0.5%), as_set_ utilization rate of about 2-4%, the quality of domestic banks and their potential to improve management efficiency great. Since reform and opening, the business began to cross state-owned commercial banks, and gradually formed a full range of competitive situation, commercial drivers and the pursuit of profit to make this competition, especially in economically developed regions become more and more intense. With international standards and foreign commercial banks, compared to the success of China's four major commercial banks are still naive, inefficient, not the real commercial banks, competition among banks has not consistently out of the fragmented nature of the low level of competition pattern.
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Encyclopedia
yinhang Bank bank Business credit business money special economic institutions. The main business of modern banking deposits, loans, apply for foreign exchange, _set_tlement. The term comes from the Latin etymology Bank "banco", intended to "counter", counter money management industry to conduct business is the most basic facilities. China's "bank", by the English "bank" translated from the first transliteration is "version g", was based on the time-based currency is China's "Silver", a large commodity trading organization called the "line", so change the translation for "bank." Emergence and development of pre-capitalist commodity economy to a certain degree of development, the emergence of money management industry. They engaged in the exchange of metal coins, storage, collection and payment. With the further development of commodity economy, money management industry, gathering a lot of money, may have engaged in lending; and workshops for craftsmen and merchants to expand operations in the currency business activities often enough, you need to borrow. To this end, the accumulation of money management industry to use currency loans for industrial and commercial, which began its process of pupae to the bank. Modern Bank is in the bourgeois struggle against usury generated. When the capitalist mode of production is established, the business capital of the growing demand for money; and usurers and money management industry, interest is high, even more than the profits of industry and commerce, the bourgeoisie can not use their loans. Thus, in the early capitalist society, the emergence of the bourgeoisie against the usury of long-term struggle. Struggle way to start is to use administrative means to force ─ ─ countries to lower interest rates, and later adopted a more effective economic way to replace the usurious credit, which was founded banks. The earliest name of the bank's business is built in Venice, Italy, in 1580 the bank, but it is a usurious nature of the credit institutions. Subsequently, in 1593 in Milan, 1609 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (see color pictures of the 1609 Bank of Amsterdam), 1619 in Hamburg, Germany and other places have established a bank. But they are essentially in the process of transformation to a modern bank in the money management industry, does not mark the modern credit system in the development of an era. Until 1694, the establishment of the Bank of England, is the beginning of modern banking. In the past 300 years, the capitalist banks began to handle monetary credit is a comprehensive business organizations; from the latter half of the 19th century, Western countries Luxu implement the central bank system. With the success of the proletarian socialist revolution, there has been established on the basis of socialist public ownership of banks. The Soviet Union in 1917, the National Bank of Czarist Russia, based on the establishment of the first socialist bank. Since 1978, the banking system through a series of reforms. 19
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English Expression
: Bank, banker, Bk. bank
n.: consortium, credit, jug, redlining, teller, a banking house
affiance