A poisonous snake. The back of the head and neck black, white body with black and yellow band, toxic, eat small animals.
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No. 2
Chinese name: Bungarus Chinese Title: Snake head Chinese Family: Elapidae Chinese Genus: ring snake is Chinese common name: yellow snake festival, Full Metal Jacket with the Buddha snakes, gold armor, gold retribution, gold-coated iron, mysterious South whip, Jin Yi, etc. Latin name: bungarus fasciatus English name: banded krait Species name and age of people: schneider, 1801 Morphological characteristics of oval-shaped head. Tail very short, tail slightly three prism, tail end of the obtuse and slightly flat, Tongshen black and yellow and white a few notable edge bone, black and yellow ringed ringed nearly so wide, ringed in yellow body 23 to 28 rings, 3 to 5 in the tail ring, a total of 15 dorsal scales smooth line, back line of the center of a particularly large scale, a complete anal phosphorus, under the scales for the single tail, white belly, body length 100 to 180 cm . Habits inhabit hills, mountains, common in damp areas or near water, afraid of meeting the light during the day tend to drive the body does not move, his head hidden in the belly, but very active at night, lizards, fish, frogs, mice etc., and can devour other snakes and snake eggs, of gentle, slow, and its toxicity is very intense, but do not take the initiative to bite, oviparous, spawning the end of May, each producing up to 11. Distribution of Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Yunnan Province; foreign distribution in Vietnam, Thailand, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Myanmar and other countries Bungarus 1200 a total length of 1800mm, is a former ditch snakes teeth. Tong Shen black, with a wide gold ring pattern, body and tail of a total of 19-27 rings, black and yellow two-color width is about equal. Head and back dark brown, occiput with light-colored inverted "v"-shaped spots. Spine was elevated ridge, so the slightly triangular cross-section of the trunk, the tail end of the blunt. Oval head, and neck than the obvious distinction between the head back with a typical nine large scales back scales smooth, the body 15 lines, scales back expansion of the middle hexagon-shaped ridge line. Endangered information: ⒈ China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Rating: endangered.
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No. 3
Bungarus ("Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi") [Synonym] towel snake ("vertebrate taxonomy"), Jin Yi, gold-coated iron, gold angle with ("Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi"). [Source] for the Elapidae Bungarus animals of all internal organs removed. [Form] Bungarus animal Length of 70 to 180 cm. Head small, slightly larger than the neck, slightly oval. Snout round. Tail very short, blunt end of a round. Eyes small, oval. Kiss large scales to high. Cheek scales, such as a block. Nasal scales 2. Upper lip scales 7 to 8, 3, 4 slice eyes. Scales l front piece; eye scales 2. An anterior temporal scales; temporal scales 2; top scales significantly, forehead scales tower, between the nose and forehead scales scales of about 1 / 2. Outside the nostrils and is located between the front two nasal scales. Body scales 15 rows, smooth. Ridge-like bulge into the dorsal midline, the scales large, hexagonal. 200 to 234 ventral scales, a single anal scales, scales under the tail-line, 23 to 38. Surface black, 24 ~ 33 sizes ranging from the yellow ring, belly lighter. Habitat in the mountain, is common in humid areas or near water. Nocturnal lizards, fish and other snakes; a strong Shenjingxingdu. Distribution of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangxi and other places. [Collected] 9 to 10 months to capture. Was caught after Caesarean section to remove internal organs, picked off the teeth, fresh or dried for later use. 【Chemical Composition】 Bungarus venom contains a nerve toxin and cardiotoxin. Such cardiotoxin no hemolysis. Nerve toxin molecular weight and amino acid composition similar to the first type of cobra neurotoxicity. Salty taste [taste], and warm. 】 【Go through hepatic been. [Function] rheumatism attending paralysis, foot paralysis, swelling and pain. Usage and Dosage】 Oral: soaked in wine. [Taboo], such as dry ribs are dryness of arthralgia hanged. (Taste the following the "Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi")
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Bungarus (medicines)
[Source] from the "Guangxi Chinese annals." [Pinyin] Jīn Huán Shé [English name] Gold-banded Krait [Alias] towel snake, Jin Yi, gold-coated iron, gold angle with gold armor, gold should be very, yellow snake festival [Source] Medicine-based source: Elapidae Bungarus remove the internal organs of animals of all. Latin name of plant and animal fossil: Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) Harvesting and storage: summer, autumn, mostly captured during the night, hiding during the day and most of the hole can dig capture. After the Caesarean section to capture the visceral, plate from drying. [Original form] Bungarus, body more robust. Oval head, and neck Lueke distinction. Spine edges, the tail end of the blunt, full-length 1-1.5m. Head black or dark brown, the amount of scales from the posterior edge of the neck with a yellow ⊥-shaped pattern, upper edge of the light color, laced with a dark side, Tong Shen, black and yellow ringed 23-33 months, and some yellow ringed individuals a black central point. Cheek without scales, scales before orbital 1 (2), post-orbital scales 2 or 1; temporal scales 1 +2, the upper lip scales 2-2-3 style. Dorsal scales smooth, 15 (17) -15-15 line, ridge expansion of hexagonal scales, 214-230 ventral scales; complete anal scales, scales under the tail single ,29-39. [Habitat distribution] Environment: living in hills or plains, common in damp areas or near water. Nocturnal, mainly preying on other snakes and rats, frogs. Resource distribution: distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan. [Character] Character identification, the product was disc-shaped, plate diameter 14-20cm, head centered, oval, dark brown, not upturned nose ahead, 23-33 on the whole body with yellow and black color wheel, yellow and black and wide, dorsal ridge obvious, ridge expansion of hexagonal scales, short tail, rounded at the end. Quality tough. Gas fishy, salty taste. Back Linlin oval, length 6.5-7.0mm, width 4.5-5.0mm, brown, the upper edge of the neat, with 8-13 holes, not the ribs, gratuitous nest, the surface smooth and transparent. Ridge at the scales back expansion of hexagonal, hole 30-34 months, irregular distribution in the upper half of scale, nor in the ribs, gratuitous nest. Quality and tough, not easy to break. Gas micro-, tasteless. Microscopic identification, powder characteristics: pale yellow. ① solution scales as large as small pieces of sheet quality. Transparent and colorless, with brown scales and more fragmented, little strips, and some debris that has holes. Can still see the texture of the debris with a long prism. ② striated muscle fibers are more nearly colorless, columnar or was fragmented, with fine stripes. ③ bone fragments near colorless, irregular fragments of bone plate texture than the obvious, different density. Lacunae in more oval, there are round, irregular-shaped. Tubular bone less obvious. ④ fragments of yellow-brown skin or dark brown, the surface view of cell sector to take is unclear, the brown or dark brown pigment granules aggregate into irregular mesh. The same image with the coral snake. [Chemical composition] Meat protein, hydrogen-based acids, fat and iron, aluminum, zinc, strontium, titanium, manganese, vanadium, copper, barium and other 21 kinds of trace elements. Serum containing false cholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase). Snake venom contains toxins blue ring (caeruleotoxin), which is a highly toxic acid protein, also contains Bungarus toxin (bungarus fasciatus toxin) A, B. Snake oil contains fatty acids and sterols, fatty acids are oleic acid (oleic acid), palmitic acid (palmitic acid), linoleic acid (linoleic acid), stearic acid (stearic acid), etc.; main guts sterol sterol (cholesterol) , vegetable oil sterols (campesterol) and β-sitosterol (β-sitosterol). Pharmacological effects 1. The role of peripheral nerves, with hydroxymethyl cellulose column chromatography to separate out from the Circle venom component proteins, of which five components is lethal toxic ingredients (4mg/kg intraperitoneal injection can cause death in mice ). In these five fractions, Ⅻ, XIV is a nerve poison, Ⅺ, Ⅻ, XV is the heart drug. Can block the neurotoxic component Ⅻ rat, chicken, frog neuromuscular synaptic transmission specimens, samples of the reaction of ethanol disappearance of choline, the direct stimulation and the response of the high concentration of potassium chloride did not reduce, nerve endings acid choline release was no significant change; the frog rectus abdominis muscle acetylcholine dose-response curve parallel to a shift, neostigmine bromide can combat this effect. The role and composition of components XIV Ⅻ similar. Prompt component Ⅻ, XIV is the ultimate post-film role in neurotoxicity. Components that can then block the chicken neck Ⅸ digastric neuromuscular transmission, and make frog sartorius endplate potential, micro-end-plate potential amplitude gradually decreased and finally disappeared completely, but does not affect the micro-end-plate potential issuance of frequency, does not affect the muscle fiber resting membrane potential. Tip component Ⅸ is acting on the postsynaptic membrane of nerve poison. After further evidence that component IX with the usual post-synaptic neurotoxic venom is different from the frog rectus abdominis of acetylcholine dose-response curves showed non-competitive inhibition, with bromine in the presence of neostigmine, a high concentration of acetic acid choline to produce the opposite effect of the rectus abdominis, the cobra of 125I-nerve poison and electric appliances official films introduce the combination of fragments had no significant effect, the application of voltage fixation proved to inhibit the end plate components Ⅸ current, and finally to completely disappeared, and can shorten the end-plate current half-life, increased decay rate constant α value, the current balance of end-plate potential had no significant effect. Tip Ⅸ components other than through the role of acetylcholine receptor block-generated effects, the role of ion channels in part may be the ultimate. (2) role of the heart isolated rat heart by adding Bungarus all drugs, components Ⅻ or XV are the heart contraction, the heart stops in systole, the heart of the role of the weaker component Ⅸ adding 1mg heart after myocardial contracture, reduce the rate of cardiac contraction, cardiac arrhythmia. Circle venom on the cardiac toxicity and is similar to cobra venom. CD myocardial damage occurs later. Poisoning, heart arrest despite repeated washing with normal saline to make recovery difficult to beat. Combination of anti-venom serum in the myocardium of the heart has been difficult from drug detoxification. It was felt that cardiotoxin on cardiac function is irreversible. 3 on platelet aggregation in the use of methyl cellulose, a slope of dextran cross-linked C-50 (CM-sephadex C-50) column chromatography was poisonous Bungarus original 16 peaks, of which components I have to promote platelet aggregation, the original drug and the components of VII-XIV of ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibition, components Ⅺ of ADP, arachidonic acid, A23187, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited, IC50 were To 68.8μg/ml, 10.0μg/ml and 6.3μg/ml, but platelet 5 - HT release was observed. 4 Other effects Bungarus all drugs, components XI, XII and XV in 5 × 1O (-5) g / ml concentration of chicken Dayton digastric showed a stimulant, muscle contracture, the last spasm of paralysis. With all drugs, components XI, XII, XV, 1% saline solution into conjunctival sac of rabbit eyes, all components of XV in the poison, and you can see with eye drops 30min film clear congestion and edema, corneal Reform; component Ⅻ 30min charge droplets with membrane is swollen; component Ⅻ slow on_set_, eye drops only appeared after 1h conjunctival congestion and edema. XV and all toxic components of red blood cells were incubated with guinea pigs have appeared completely 2h 20min and hemolysis, and incubated for 4h component Ⅸ and Ⅻ no significant hemolysis. All drug intravenous anesthesia in rats 2-3mg/kg, little change in respiratory rate, shallow breathing later, the final stop; a rapid decline in blood pressure before, 2min or so pick-up, followed by the decrease in blood pressure. Spontaneous breathing stops, artificial respiration can not make blood pressure rise, animals are still due to circulatory failure and death. Intravenous components Ⅻ 0.4mg/kg, ah rats decreased frequency and amplitude of blood pressure following the fall, after spontaneous breathing stops give artificial respiration, blood pressure rising rapidly, and at a higher level. Cerebellar cistern components Ⅻ after injection, no respiratory failure. That the cause of respiratory paralysis is peripheral in nature, has no direct effect on the respiratory center. All mice by intraperitoneal injection drug LD50, is 1.49mg/kg, fraction XIII of the LD50 of 0.40mg/kg. After all drug injection, mice initially showed decreased activity and feeding, and then slow deep breathing, abdominal breathing clear, breathing more slowly and last light weak, purple lips and a significant tail group, mostly in the 5-10h of death. The main components of XIII with all drugs the same symptoms, mostly in death within 2-5h. Was also reported in mice by intraperitoneal injection drug Bungarus LD50 of the original 1.5 + / -0.2mg/kg, component Ⅺ was 8.0 + / -1.3mg/kg, its toxicity is much smaller than the original drug. Salty taste [taste]; and warm 】 【Go through the liver 【Indications】 chills; meridians; pain. Main rheumatoid paralysis; stroke paralysis Dosage Oral: Jian Tang ,3-10g; or soaked in wine to drink. [Note] deficiency bones dystrophy were forbidden to take. [Excerpt] "Chinese Materia Medica"