Bird, one meter in length, the majority of dark brown feathers, tail base of white, black and purple blue end of gloss can be used as ornaments, rare birds are endemic to China. Also called the theory laid the chicken.
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No. 2
褐马鸡
褐马鸡
About Scientific name: crossoptilon mantchuricum English name: brown eared-pheasant Distribution: China, Hebei, Shanxi parts. Endemic to China. Brown-eared pheasant (also famed chicken) habitat in the hilly forest. Clusters, diurnal, like the sand bath, good running, sexual alertness. Resident birds. Of plant leaves, buds, stems, flowers, fruits, seeds for food. April-June breeding season, nesting in the forest, shrubs, bushes, each producing 6-9 eggs, incubation period of 26-27 days, as early as birds 2-3 years old to sexual maturity. Thick brown body feathers, black head and neck, ear feathers white, waist and tail as well as the base for white. Our specialty is the rare bird, found only in northern Hebei, Shanxi in the north and northwest mountains of the local woods. China a protected species Was included in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention, Appendix Brown-eared pheasant for the Aves, Phasianidae, also known as He birds, horn chicken. Hebei Mountain region of small farmers call it brown chicken. Brown-eared pheasant rare birds for our specialty, is listed as national protected animals. China Ornithological Society put the brown-eared pheasant as a logo. Shanxi province has been designated as brown-eared pheasant birds. Brown-eared pheasant in China, with the exception of Shanxi Luliangshan Guan, Guancenshan little distribution outside the forest, northwest of Little Mountain, Hebei Province, over 360 square kilometers of forest within the 1987 survey only a few hundred only, currently amounting to approximately 2,000 or so. Brown-eared pheasant irascible, Jianyong good fight, there are home refuses to avoid the dangerous character. In modern times, the imperialist invasion of China, put the brown-eared pheasant as the object of plunder. Many capitalist countries has been decorated with feathers uniform, which rare brown-eared pheasant feathers become more expensive. When the Qing dynasty, a pair of brown-eared pheasant in the European market, sell silver coins can be a thousand dollars. Brown-eared pheasant into a high about 60 cm, length 1 meter to 1.2 meters, weighing 5 kg, the body was thick brown head and neck is gray-black, head with short black velvet like coronal feathers, feather-free face and cheeks exposed , was bright red, even the head with a pair of cephalic horny white feather cluster head out after, like a small white bib. Brown Eared Pheasant is it that love to show off the impressive tail feathers. Total of 22 of its tail feathers, long feathers double-arranged. The central two pairs of extremely long and large, known as the "chicken horse feathers", such as hair and loose outer feathers drooping. Usually, it is the other tail above the Gao Qiao, when like a loose pony tail, so called "brown horse line." Tilt back the brown-eared pheasant tail, the shape of the harp, very beautiful. Brown-eared pheasant habitat is mountainous forest area of birds. It is mainly found in North China larch, spruce forest and secondary forest dominated North Larch, spruce, poplar, birch secondary coniferous and mixed forests. Its activities during the day in the shrub, the night roost in a tree twig on winter activities in more than 1000 meters to 1,500 meters high mountain areas, summer and fall than in the 1,500 m to 1,800 m in the valley, hills and springs cove activities. Brown-eared pheasant very laws of life, usually in the spring to breed in March. Every During this period, often between competing male spouse in a death struggle. Meanwhile, the cock in order to show its power and prestige, especially heavy and loud sounds, also as far away as two kilometers outside could be heard faintly. It beeps when the head Shen Jing, curled tail is also high, it is truly beautiful. Then, follow the male and female, mating outliers, and find the Tibetan Buddhism of the forest or shrub land between occupied nest areas. April, a little shop within the nest of some hay leaves, which cuddle nest eggs. A brown-eared pheasant eggs 4 ~ 17, as many as 19. Egg shell was gray-brown, length 50.6 mm, diameter 42.1 mm, weighing about 56.3 grams. In May, the eggs begin to hatch, incubation period of 26 days. June, the chicks hatched, the foraging into chicken feed. In July, the chicks into chickens to lead activities for the summer, molt. August, young chickens to independent feeding. Then start mixing between family groups, from the height gradually shifted to the lower sections of Health habitat. In September, the basic grow into young chickens, activity increased, wandering expanded along with the number of groups is gradually increasing, and many more social. November, preparing brown-eared pheasant winter. At this time, production of cold, a significant increase in stress resistance skills, and able to adapt to independent living environment in general. From December to next spring, in order to meet the more complex environment, and defense against foreign enemies, brown-eared pheasant always be group activities. Brown-eared pheasant is omnivorous birds, most of the plants and animals are the object of its feed. Among them, the plants mountain top, pine nuts, prickly pear and sea buckthorn fruits forty-five ten, animal food such as flies, mosquitoes, snakes and locusts, etc.. Brown-eared pheasant foraging fungi also like the silver and trotter, buckwheat noodles mushrooms. In order to protect the development of brown-eared pheasant this scarce resource, the 1980 People's Government of Shanxi Province at Luliangshan the Pangquangou and Luya forest nature reserves _set_ up brown-eared pheasant. Hebei provincial government in 1984 approved the Yuxian Xiaowutai converted into state-owned forest to protect the brown-eared pheasant-based nature reserves. Are a lot of zoos and protected areas in China have bred the brown-eared pheasant, and the accumulated experience of successful breeding. Representative species for the rare brown-eared pheasant, is Galliformes Phasianidae. It is extremely narrow distribution, in addition to western Shanxi Luya, Luliangshan individual spots, as well as Hebei Mountain West has a small distribution. Length 1 m, weighing about 2.5 to 3.0 kg, short wings, poor flight, gliding down from the hills, only to fly, sturdy legs, good run. Dark brown plumage, long black head of hair. Pink mouth, face red, his eyes behind a white collar, two clusters of white hair protruding from the back of the head, horns like a dialogue, hence the name "chicken corner", upturned tail, fluffy, much like the tail, reddish purple blue light; short and sharp beak to feed on herbs, a variety of roots, stems, leaves flowers and fruits are its food-stuffs. Brown-eared pheasant mate in late April and early May, late May to early June nesting, the nest is usually built in a dense forest of the cave. 4 to 15 eggs per litter, the female after spawning hatchery, feed once a day only to leave the nest, the nest is usually not more than half an hour incubation period of 25 days, the chicks hatched. Chicks head eat river ant eggs, chicks by the parents jointly responsible for bringing up a small brown-eared pheasant can survive independently. Currently there are brown-eared pheasant protected areas from 1400 to 1900. The Legend of Brown Eared Pheasant Brown-eared pheasant is the world's rare birds, protected animals at the national level, it not only looks beautiful, but also a beautiful legend. According to legend, in ancient times, heaven has four very beautiful chicken birds, they like tail with long tail feathers, two male two female, were watched by four kings. Fifth day of May each year is four kings together with the chicken the day. On this day, they can enjoy the play, play. But at night, the four kings after throwing eaten enough, you want them all pulled out their tail feathers, give each to each other. Went to meet the annual four-day chickens, four kings with their usual Baoji party went to the East Palace. Approaching noon, one a chicken secretive said, "I heard where the world mountains, water, forests, there is food, there is no heaven in the rules and prohibitions, why do not we free to any community, joy, life go? "echoed the other three chickens. Stay away, four chickens birds stretch their wings a bit, flying under the heaven, fly a deep forests. After hearing the four kings, very angry. Ji Ling Creation of Space descend capture. Four chickens birds did her best, although strong resistance, but eventually Creation of Space Qinzhu. Creation of the eight needle four chickens were rolling in the ears, cheeks full of blood flow. They moaned in pain, but they would rather die than return to Heaven. Public days will see four chickens poultry so strong, it ignited a raging fire, the four chickens being thrown into the fire, leading his men returned to the Creation of heaven.
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Basic information
Chinese rectification of names: brown-eared pheasant --- rare treasure Latin name: Crossoptilon mantchuricum Name: Swinhoe, 1862 English name: Brown = cared Pheasant Geographic distribution: endangered species. Found only in China's Shanxi Luliangshan, northwestern Hebei Province. Total of about 5000. Protection level: grade Ⅰ state protection
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Taxonomic status
Animal kingdom door CHORDATA → Fauna → chordate invertebrate subphylum Vertebrata → Bird Aves Aves → this subclass Neornithes → sudden chest Head Carinatae → Galliformes Galliformes → Phasianidae Phasianidae → Ma chicken is brown-eared pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum Crossoptilon →
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Endangered Information
CITES endangered class: Appendix I's entry into force: 1997 IUCN Red Level: Vulnerable age of entry into force: 1996 IUCN endangerment: VU C1's entry into force: 2003 National protection: an effect years: 1989 China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Rating: Endangered force's: 1996
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Population Status
Hebei Mountain region of small farmers call it brown chicken. Brown-eared pheasant rare birds for our specialty, is listed as national protected animals. China Ornithological Society put the brown-eared pheasant as a logo. Shanxi province has been designated as brown-eared pheasant birds. Brown-eared pheasant in China, with the exception of Shanxi Luliangshan Guan, Guancenshan little distribution outside the forest, northwest of Little Mountain, Hebei Province, over 360 square kilometers of forest within the 1987 survey only a few hundred only, currently amounting to approximately 2,000 or so.
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Historical data
In modern times, the imperialist invasion of China, put the brown-eared pheasant as the object of plunder. Many capitalist countries has been decorated with feathers uniform, which rare brown-eared pheasant feathers become more expensive. When the Qing dynasty, a pair of brown-eared pheasant in the European market, sell silver coins can be a thousand dollars.
Translated by Google
Morphology
Brown-eared pheasant into a high about 60 cm, length 1 meter to 1.2 meters, weighing 5 kg, the body was thick brown head and neck is gray-black, head with short black velvet like coronal feathers, feather-free face and cheeks exposed , was bright red, even the head with a pair of cephalic horny white feather cluster head out after, like a small white bib. Brown Eared Pheasant is it that love to show off the impressive tail feathers. Total of 22 of its tail feathers, long feathers double-arranged. The central two pairs of extremely long and large, known as the "chicken horse feathers", such as hair and loose outer feathers drooping. Usually, it is the other tail above the Gao Qiao, when like a loose pony tail, so called "brown horse line." Tilt back the brown-eared pheasant tail, the shape of the harp, very beautiful. Wings short, poor flight, gliding down from the hills, only to fly, sturdy legs, good run. Dark brown plumage, long black head of hair. Pink mouth, face red, his eyes behind a white collar, two clusters of white hair protruding from the back of the head, horns like a dialogue, hence the name "chicken corner", upturned tail, fluffy, much like the tail, reddish purple blue light; beak is short and sharp.
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Habits
Clusters, diurnal, like the sand bath, good running, sexual alertness. Resident birds. Brown-eared pheasant irascible, Jianyong good fight, there are home refuses to avoid the dangerous character. November, preparing brown-eared pheasant winter. At this time, production of cold, a significant increase in stress resistance skills, and able to adapt to independent living environment in general. From December to next spring, in order to meet the more complex environment, and defense against foreign enemies, brown-eared pheasant always be group activities. Brown-eared pheasant is omnivorous birds, most of the plants and animals are the object of its feed. Among them, the plants mountain top, pine nuts, prickly pear and sea buckthorn fruits forty-five ten, animal food such as flies, mosquitoes, snakes and locusts, etc.. Brown-eared pheasant foraging fungi also like the silver and trotter, buckwheat noodles mushrooms.
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Environment
Brown-eared pheasant habitat is mountainous forest area of birds. It is mainly found in North China larch, spruce forest and secondary forest dominated North Larch, spruce, poplar, birch secondary coniferous and mixed forests. Its activities during the day in the shrub, the night roost in a tree twig on winter activities in more than 1000 meters to 1,500 meters high mountain areas, summer and fall than in the 1,500 m to 1,800 m in the valley, hills and springs cove activities.
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Breeding habits
Brown-eared pheasant's life is very regular, usually in March, the spring mating. Every During this period, often between competing male spouse in a death struggle. Meanwhile, the cock in order to show its power and prestige, especially heavy and loud sounds, also as far away as two kilometers outside could be heard faintly. It beeps when the head Shen Jing, curled tail is also high, it is truly beautiful. Then, follow the male and female, mating outliers, and find the Tibetan Buddhism of the forest or shrub land between occupied nest areas. April, a little shop within the nest of some hay leaves, which cuddle nest eggs. A brown-eared pheasant eggs 4 ~ 17, as many as 19. Egg shell was gray-brown, length 50.6 mm, diameter 42.1 mm, weighing about 56.3 grams. In May, the eggs begin to hatch, incubation period of 26 days. June, the chicks hatched, the foraging into chicken feed. In July, the chicks into chickens to lead activities for the summer, molt. August, young chickens to independent feeding. Then start mixing between family groups, from the height gradually shifted to the lower sections of Health habitat. In September, the basic grow into young chickens, activity increased, wandering expanded along with the number of groups is gradually increasing, and many more social.
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Protection measures
Existing measures In order to protect the development of brown-eared pheasant this scarce resource, the 1980 People's Government of Shanxi Province at Luliangshan the Pangquangou and Luya forest nature reserves _set_ up brown-eared pheasant. Hebei provincial government in 1984 approved the Yuxian Xiaowutai converted into state-owned forest to protect the brown-eared pheasant-based nature reserves. Are a lot of zoos and protected areas in China have bred the brown-eared pheasant, and the accumulated experience of successful breeding. The proposed measures ● situ conservation in the East Mountain near Beijing has a population of urgent protection. ● Survey of populations within protected areas need to continue to be monitored; should strengthen scientific research in order to more clearly its ecological needs. ● to support ex-situ conservation of fishing stocks should be carefully managed to reduce the loss of genetic diversity, Pangquangou tame fan center should be supported by appropriate feeding.
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Distribution
It is extremely narrow distribution, in addition to western Shanxi Luya, Luliangshan individual spots, as well as Hebei Mountain West has a small distribution. Endemic to China. Mainly Province: Beijing 河北 Shanxi, Henan and Shaanxi, Xinjiang Distributed in the following protected areas: Xiaowutai Pangquangou Luyashan Wulushan Mountain lakes located in the following: East Mountain Kuan Shan Huang Shan Lu Asan Luliangshan
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Endangered factors
● animal predators: 1. Nest predators damage is high (up to 43.75%). 2. Be predators prey individuals. ● Because trade is hunting: brown-eared pheasant tail feathers, is the best-selling foreign luxury decorations. ● habitat destruction: the number of protected areas have sporadic, agriculture and urban encroachment is the main threat, leading to deforestation and livestock grazing habitat degradation. ● be hunting for food: the growing up of oocyte retrieval for food in the protected areas is a serious problem (Zhang Zheng-wang in litt.). ● intraspecific biological characteristics: 1 step down and abandon the nest egg does not hatch. 2. Unfertilized eggs accounted for 4.2%. Brown-eared pheasant chicks hatched from young chicken growth and development stages, namely from June to September, it is raining, the season of excessive rainfall, temperature and humidity of this environment is bound to affect the chicks, young chickens (young, young chicken fear dew), resulting in feeding difficulties, malnutrition, mortality, resulting in a corresponding reduction in population.
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Related to the legend
Brown-eared pheasant is the world's rare birds, protected animals at the national level, it not only looks beautiful, but there are many beautiful legends. According to legend, in ancient times, heaven has four very beautiful chicken birds, they like tail with long tail feathers, two male two female, were watched by four kings. Fifth day of May each year is four kings together with the chicken the day. On this day, they can enjoy the play, play. But at night, the four kings satiated, to them all pulled out their tail feathers, give each to each other. Went to meet the annual four-day chickens, four kings with their usual Baoji party went to the East Palace. Approaching noon, one a chicken secretive said, "I heard where the world mountains, water, forests, there is food, there is no heaven in the rules and prohibitions, why do not we free to any community, joy, life go? "echoed the other three chickens. Stay away, four chickens birds stretch their wings a bit, flying under the heaven, fly a deep forests. After hearing the four kings, very angry. Ji Ling Creation of Space descend capture. Four chickens birds did her best, although strong resistance, but eventually Creation of Space Qinzhu. Creation of the eight needle four chickens were rolling in the ears, cheeks full of blood flow. They moaned in pain, but they would rather die than return to Heaven. Public days will see four chickens poultry so strong, it ignited a raging fire, the four chickens being thrown into the fire, leading his men returned to the Creation of heaven. There is also a legend. According to legend, Huangdi and Yandi, when the world compete in Hebei Banquan war, had "handsome bear brown bear wolves, tigers and leopards for the first drive, drive eagle kite He carved the banner," which He refers to this brown-eared pheasant pheasant , the pheasant and the company of these evil beasts birds of prey, showing the prowess of its warriors.
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Related Phrases
Commemorate currency
Containing Phrases
China valuable and rare Wilding Brown Eared Pheasant Commemorate currency
