Scorpion Head (scorpiones) ARACHNIDA a target. Body separately chest and abdomen, which is divided into the abdomen before and after abdominal abdomen. Wide chest, abdomen and head before, and are closely linked, can be collectively known as the trunk, abdomen, after long and narrow, can be called "tail", the end of a bag-shaped tail section, tail section of the end of the curved hook lethal. The world's known about 600 species, belonging to 6 families. China recorded about 15 species.
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Morphological
蝎目 外部形态
Most of the body length from 3 to 9 cm. The most common scorpion. Female scorpion about 5.2 cm long, 4.8 cm male scorpion. The smallest of small Scorpion in the Middle East is only 1.3 cm, the largest wave of African scorpion up to 18 cm. Carboniferous scorpion has been long extinct 44 to 86 cm. Short wide head and chest, almost rectangular, the back of the one surrounded by a hard carapace. A dense protrusions on the back or longitudinal ridges, the central part of the 1 for large eyes, long on the mound in the eye. Two in the front carapace margin (except for some living in caves and deciduous species in the outer layer), each with 2 to 5 small side-eye in a line (3 on each side of Scorpion, a total of 3 pairs). Ventral foot most of the base section cover, chest plate is very small. Cephalothorax composed by the 6, 6 pairs of appendages remain: 1 on the sequestration of limbs, limb and 1 on the contacts 4 on the pereiopod. Crayfish limb small, located in front of the back a leading edge, divided into 3 sections: Section 1 is small; the first two stout, extending into the end of the fixed angle means; Section 3 is divided into a two-pronged end of the movable means, it with the first two-phase mosaic of fixed means, such that both the relative surface of teeth. Touch is very powerful limbs, was born in the back a leading edge on both sides, both prey, but also resist the enemy. Touch limb in 6 sections: the base section, transfer section, femur, tibia, palm section (with a fixed mean, also known as the clamp means) and moving means (under the clamp means.) Pereiopod sub-7: the base section, transfer section, femur, knee section, tibia, tarsus and tarsus before, at the end with 2 claws. 4 on the pereiopod Tightlock each other to form the base section of the majority of head and chest, abdominal wall. Chelate limbs, limbs touch the base section and base section of the jaws 1,2 pereiopod leaves (or inner leaves) around a port before the chamber. Oral cavity at the bottom of the former port, opposite leaves 2 phase at the foot around the jaw, which is located above the mouth of the central cavity before a well-developed upper lip. 3,4 base section has a chest plate (chest plate Scorpion is pentagonal.) 7 minutes before the abdomen generally, short-wide sections. On the back of a hard back. Ventral chest plate in the rear with two reproductive flap folds open seen after more than a wall gonopore. Reproduction rear flap has a horizontal hole, function unknown. Reproductive abdominal flap is the first one of appendage evolved. Section 2 was short to the web-like, on both sides with a comb-shaped plate, the plate of the next row of banana-shaped teeth have the will. Scorpion pectinate female board about 16 to 20 teeth, male about 19 to 25 teeth. Comb-shaped board has a rich sensory, and reproduction. 3 ~ 7 web large, the sides and back side of the membrane connected to flexible in lateral membrane, and adapt to changes in body fat and lean. 3 ~ 6 1 on each hole on the web, 4 pairs, the almanac lung. After the abdomen (the "tail"), formed by the five cylindrical sections, narrow and long. Scorpion dorsal midline of each section has a groove, back with the synthesis of a web ring of chitin, a longitudinal section of the general number of the tooth ridge. Section 5 is a pocket after the end of section 1 on the white venom inside, the outside layer of the muscles of the package. Venom gland through a thin tube, two tubes were open at the upper end of the sides near lethal. Section 5 of anal opening in the ventral membrane between the posterior margin of the Festival.
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Digestive system
蝎目 消化系统
Before the mouth cavity through the entrance to the pharynx and esophagus. And then into the midgut, midgut through a pair of diverticula, total 1 on the head and thorax, the first 5 on the abdomen (abdomen, respectively, the first 1 to 5). Caeca branch, the formation of grapes cluster, surrounded by all the organs except in the heart. Section 5 of the blind sac oblique rear extension. Decreased intestinal location here. Hindgut is short, located in the abdomen after the last one, the opening section of this section and tail section between the ventral surface of the interosseous membrane.
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Neural and sensory
蝎目 神经和感官
蝎目 神经和感官
Nervous system and other Arachnida different types, there are seven ventral nerve cord ganglia are not merged. Sensory has eyes, listening to hair and comb-shaped slit plate sensilla. Comb-like plates have feelings for each tooth of the ventral cells, the small protrusion in the end. Scorpion walking, comb-like plates on both sides is horizontal to the start in contact with the ground tooth comb, its function is probably the detection of the ground situation. If you remove the comb-like plates, you can not place the spermatophore.
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Reproductive system
Scorpion ovarian generally three vertical tubes and horizontal tubes connected from 5 on, withered around a round eggs. In front of both sides of the ovary into the fallopian tubes by a short swollen spermathecae, converging to a reproductive cavity, the female whole body outside the hole. One male left and right testis, trapezoidal. Pass into the vas deferens from the outside of the swollen seminal vesicle, and then pass into the genital chamber, whole body by the male outside the hole. Interlinked with reproductive cavity subsidiary of 1 small gland, a cylindrical columnar glands and a long spermatophore gland, this gland is known as the subsidiary of three glands. Spermatophore gland can sometimes see the prototype of the spermatophores. Connected with the seminal vesicle is a blind pouch subsidiary gland.
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Habits
There scorpion courtship behavior. Scorpion males more in the 6 to 7 months to search for females, to find later, with a touch of female scorpion leg pulled into the secluded premises. Then, the male scorpion limbs touch the pliers clamp the female scorpion, two scorpion head to head, dragged. Courtship behavior sustainable for several hours or even days. Then, the male scorpion spermatophores sticky discharge from the gonopore on the ground, the female scorpion pull over, so that the free end of spermatophore in contact with the female hole. Free end of a lever device, due to the pressure of female genitalia and release fine block. After the acceptance of sperm female scorpion, continuous calving 3 to 5 years. Scorpion ovoviviparous or viviparous. Ovoviviparous species large eggs, yellow eggs for the end, the line incomplete cleavage, developed in the ovary lumen. Viviparous species almost no yolk egg, the line completely equal cleavage. South-chain scorpion eggs in the ovary development of the blind tube. Embryos in the blind end of the tube, where they branch out from a tube, the terminal is a cluster of absorptive cells, close to the blind sac digestive system to absorb nutrients to the embryo transfer smooth tube, a bit like the umbilical cord of mammals. Developed through several months or even more than 1 year. Youxie ranging from 6 to 90, due to species-specific. Youxie output immediately after the climb up the mother back, after the skin off one after another to leave the mother scorpion live independently.
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Distribution, ecological and economic significance
蝎目 分布、生态和经济意义
Most scorpion living in the sheet rock mixed with soil slopes, and quit not wet, sparse vegetation, some grass and shrub areas. Forest trees, weeds, too wet, no stone or soilless soil Hill Rock Hill, and many places ants, scorpion little or none. They live in a natural crevice or cave, but can dig holes before the 3 on the pereiopod. General Scorpion sting in November into early, mid to late next year 4 out of hibernation. Activities throughout the year of 6 months. Nocturnal, and more room in the middle of the night from sun_set_ to activity, but it must be warm and no wind, the ground dry night. At 35 ℃ obvious trend within the warm, into hibernation at below 10 ℃. Visual slow. Walking, tail flat, just roll up the tail section. Still, the entire tail rolled up, folded in before the end of section Section 5 of the body of the back, front pointing forward lethal. Frightened, the tail back hard shells, as thorn-like kiss. Scorpion can adapt to very dry desert environment, there are many camps to living in caves, lethal temperature as high as 45 ~ 47 ℃. Evaporation of water from the lower surface, at 25 ℃ per hour, lost only 0.01% of the water. Some scorpion body lifted from the ground from time to time, so that the air flow under the body to avoid excessive temperature rise and dry. In China, from Inner Mongolia to Fujian, has Scorpion distribution. Scorpion is a Chinese herbal medicine, called the Scorpion or the whole insect, a search wind, pain, and Anticonvulsant effect, the main producing areas of Henan and Shandong. Were scorpion stings occur only after the pain, that is, or swelling, or fever, can be 1 to 2 disappear. However, North Africa and Mexico bee scorpion scorpion sting can be deadly. North of Durango in Mexico, between 1931 and 1890 ~ 1719 people were stung dead. North of the Sahara Sahara scorpion and bee toxicity Cobra equivalent to 7 seconds in poison a dog.
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Evolution
Scorpion is the oldest terrestrial arthropods. Scorpion fossil dates back to the Silurian. However, Silurian and Devonian scorpion is aquatic, with gills, tarsus without claws, appeared in the Carboniferous terrestrial scorpion. Scorpion's mouth shape and limb broad outline of the extinct subclass of the type of fin approximation, there is a tall chest, the first seven points and six post-abdomen abdomen.
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Wikipedia Daquan
xie mu Scorpion Head Scorpiones ARACHNIDA 1 projects. Body separately chest and abdomen, which is divided into the abdomen before and after abdominal abdomen. Wide chest, abdomen and head before, and are closely linked, can be collectively known as the trunk, abdomen, after long and narrow, can be called "tail", the end of a bag-shaped tail section, tail section of the end of the curved hook lethal. The world's known about 600 species, belonging to 6 families. China recorded about 15 species. Form most of the body length of 3 to 9 cm. The most common scorpion (see color pictures of Scorpion (Buthus martensii)). Female scorpion about 5.2 cm long, 4.8 cm male scorpion. The smallest of small Scorpion in the Middle East is only 1.3 cm; the largest wave of African scorpion up to 18 cm. Carboniferous scorpion has been long extinct 44 to 86 cm. Short wide head and chest, almost rectangular, the back of the one surrounded by a hard carapace (Figure 1 Scorpion (male), dorsal view). A dense protrusions on the back or longitudinal ridges, the central part of the 1 for large eyes, long on the mound in the eye. Two in the front carapace margin (except for some living in caves and deciduous species in the outer layer), each with 2 to 5 small side-eye in a line (3 on each side of Scorpion, a total of 3 pairs). Ventral foot most of the base section cover, chest plate is very small. Cephalothorax composed by the 6, 6 pairs of appendages remain: 1 on the sequestration of limbs, limb and 1 on the contacts 4 on the pereiopod. Crayfish limb small, located in front of the front of the carapace (Figure 1 Scorpion (male), dorsal view), divided into 3 sections: Section 1 is small; the first two stout, extending into the end of the fixed angle means; Section 3 is divided into a two-pronged end of the movable means, it is not fixed in Section 2 refers to phase mosaic, which refers to both opposite sides of the teeth. Touch is very powerful limbs, was born in the back a leading edge on both sides, both prey, but also resist the enemy. Touch limb in 6 sections: the base section, transfer section, femur, tibia, palm section (with a fixed mean, also known as the clamp means) and moving means (means under the clamp) (Figure 1 Scorpion (male) dorsal view). Pereiopod sub-7: the base section, transfer section, femur, knee section, tibia, tarsus and tarsus before, at the end with 2 claws. 4 on the pereiopod Tightlock each other to form the base section of the majority of head and chest, abdominal wall. Chelate limbs, limbs touch the base section and base section of the jaws 1,2 pereiopod leaves (or inner leaves) around a port before the chamber. Oral cavity at the bottom of the former population, is facing about 2 feet at the E phase leaves, which is located above the mouth of the central cavity of a pre-developed upper lip. 3,4 base section has a chest plate (chest plate Scorpion is pentagonal.) 7 minutes before the abdomen generally, short-wide sections. On the back of a hard back. Ventral chest plate in the rear with two reproductive flap folds open seen after more than a wall gonopore. Reproduction rear flap has a horizontal hole, function unknown. Reproductive abdominal flap is the first one of appendage evolved. Section 2 was short to the web-like, on both sides with a comb-shaped plate, the plate of the next row of banana-shaped teeth have the will. Scorpion pectinate female board about 16 to 20 teeth, male about 19 to 25 teeth. Comb-shaped board has a rich sensory, and reproduction. 3 ~ 7 web large, the sides and back side of the membrane connected to flexible in lateral membrane, and adapt to changes in body fat and lean. 3 ~ 6 1 on each hole on the web, 4 pairs, the almanac lung. After the abdomen (the "tail"), formed by the five cylindrical sections, narrow and long. Scorpion dorsal midline of each section has a groove, back with the synthesis of a web ring of chitin, a longitudinal section of the general number of the tooth ridge. Section 5 is a pocket after the end of section 1 on the white venom inside, the outside layer of the muscles of the package. Venom gland through a thin tube, two tubes were open at the upper end of the sides near lethal. Section 5 of anal opening in the ventral membrane between the posterior margin of the Festival. Shape can be differentiated from the scorpion gender to Scorpion, for example, distinguishing characteristics listed in Table Scorpion difference between male and female. Before the digestive system from the mouth cavity through the entrance to the pharynx and esophagus. And then into the midgut, midgut through a pair of diverticula, total 1 on the head and thorax, the first 5 on the abdomen (abdomen, respectively, the first 1 to 5). Caeca branch, the formation of grapes cluster, surrounded by all the organs except in the heart. Section 5 of the blind sac oblique rear extension. Decreased intestinal location here. Hindgut is short, located in the abdomen after the last one, the opening section of this section and tail section between the ventral surface of the interosseous membrane. Nerve and sensory nervous system and other Arachnida class, the ventral nerve cord is still seven unincorporated ganglion. Sensory has eyes, listening to hair and comb-shaped slit plate sensilla. Comb-like plates have feelings for each tooth of the ventral cells, the small protrusion in the end. Scorpion walking, comb-like plates on both sides is horizontal to the start in contact with the ground tooth comb, its function is probably the detection of the ground situation. If you remove the comb-like plates, you can not place the spermatophore. Ovarian germline scorpion generally three vertical tubes and horizontal tubes connected from 5 on, around
