Mollusks, Gastropoda. Shell conical or spherical. Head has two pairs of antennae, the latter have eyes on the apex. Flat belly with large gastropods, suitable for crawling on land. Walking slowly. Hermaphroditism. Edible meat, China has carried out artificial breeding.
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wō niú
Molluscs, two pairs of antennae head, slightly flat round or conical shell, a spiral pattern. Eat the skin of herbaceous plants
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软体动物
Molluscs. With spiral brown crust. Head has two pairs of antennae, abdomen flat feet, when the mucus moving, eating plant seedling leaves. Choi Jin Bao "Ancient Note Yuhui": "Snail, snail tarsal also, shaped like Si snail." Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica snail worm 4": "The main snails of various diseases, probably whichever antipyretic disinfection Power ears. "Qing Chen Wei" occidentalis Wancheng on the 5th recovery times Jiuyou diffuse into "words:" undermine the snail leaves, canopies teeth, then dove women garnet room. "Yang Mo" Song of Youth "Part II second nine Chapter: "Tao Jing was going to say, you sleep in the same way as a snail shell how to work it?"
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Brief introduction
蜗牛 简介
[English name] snail [Latin names] fruticicolidae [Genus] Stylommatophora classification, Mollusca, Gastropoda, snails Branch Snail is the world's largest animal teeth. Although the size of its mouth and the tip almost, but there are 25,600 teeth. Small snail tentacles in the middle of a little place down there is a small hole, which is its mouth, which has a serrated tongue, scientists call "radula." Snails are not biologically a category name. Generally refers to all types of large snail animal subjects, generalized gastropods also includes a number of other subjects, including slugs and other animals []. Western languages do not distinguish between the general aquatic and terrestrial snails snails, snail Chinese refers only terrestrial species, although it includes many different families, genera of animals, but the shapes are similar. Snails have a relatively fragile, low-conical shell, there are different kinds of shells left-handed or right-handed, with a clear head, the head has two pairs of antennae, one pair of long tentacles after the top has eyes, ventral large gastropods flat, slow, single step mucus secretion, reducing friction to help walk, mucus also prevents against ants and other insects in general. Snails generally live in more humid areas, avoid direct sunlight in plant leaves. Snails hibernate in cold areas of life, of living species in tropical dry season will sleep, forming a layer of mucus secreted by the shell dry mouth closed when dormant, hidden in the body shell, when the proper temperature and humidity will come out activities . Snail distributed almost all over the world, different types of body sizes snails, giant African snails up to 30 cm, in the north of wild species is generally less than 1 cm. General Snail plant leaves and buds for food, so it is an agricultural pest. But there are also carnivorous snails to other types of snails for food. French cuisine made with snails, so cultivate one kind of flesh of large Burgundy snails, 40-50 cm long, weighing more than 40 grams, which is now farmed edible snails has been accompanied by French cooking to the world spread. Snails are hermaphrodites, and some species may be independent reproduction, but most species requires two individuals to mate to exchange sperm. Common snails lay their eggs in moist soil, generally two to four weeks after a small snail will emerged. One can produce 100 eggs. Many natural enemies of snails, chicken, duck, birds, toads, turtles, snakes, hedgehogs are a snail as food, fireflies mainly snails for food. General snails can live the life of 2-3 years, up to seven years, but most likely then become food for other animals. Snails are not the same in all cultures symbolism in China, a symbol of the slow snail, backward; in Western Europe is a symbol of tenacity and perseverance; some national weather forecast at a snail's action, the Finns think that if the snail's tentacles stretch very long, it means there is a good weather tomorrow. Snail with high food and medicinal value. Nutritious, delicious, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, high-grade nutritional supplements rich in 20 kinds of amino acids. Snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks, many types around the world. According to historical records, the snail forty thousand kinds around the world. Snails have distributed in the provinces of China, living in the forest, bush, orchards, vegetable gardens, farms, homes, parks, gardens, temples, mountains, plains, hills and other places. But the type of feeding and little food value. Snails as human protein low fat fine food and animal protein, growing attention has been paid.
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Shape characteristics
The entire body, including the snail shell, head, neck, shell membranes, feet, viscera, and other parts of the bag, toting a spiral shell, the shape of all kinds and sizes, there are pagoda-shaped, top-shaped, conical, spherical, pipe shaped and so on. Currently farmed white jade snail, pomatia, scattered large snail, bright snail, Achatina snails has its own unique shape.
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Habits
Snails like to live in dark, damp, loose and more humus environment, nocturnal, fear sunlight, environmentally sensitive, the optimum environment: temperature 16 ~ 30 ℃ (23 ~ 30 ℃, the fastest growth and development) ; air humidity of 60% ~ 90%; humidity of soil feeding 40%; ph 5-7. When the temperature is below 15 ℃, 33 ℃ higher than sleep, less than 5 ℃ or above 40 ℃, it may be killed or dead heat. Hi drill loose humus habitat, spawning, regulate body moisture and nutrients absorb part time up to 12 hours. Omnivorous and a partial eclipse of coexistence. Hi humid fear flooding. In the humid night, and put foodstuff glistening snail appetite active. But flooding can snail suffocation. Cannibalism survivability. Small snail a hatch, crawling and feeding will not maternal care. When subjected to harassment predators, it will retract the head and foot shell, and the shell secreted mucus mouth shut; disabled when the housing damage, which can secrete certain substances in the body to repair and housing. With strong patience. Snail has an amazing ability to survive, to cold, heat, hunger, drought has a strong patience. Hi thermostat farming. Constant temperature between 25 ~ 28 ℃, vigorous growth and reproduction.
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Snail feeding
Snail foraging range is very wide variety of staple vegetables, weeds and fruit leather; crop of leaves, stems, buds, flowers, juicy fruit; various feed barley grass, juicy fodder, bran class feed, hectometer class were eating cake feed.
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Four times a snail
1) Incubation period: refers to the output when hatched from eggs to hatch snail this time. 2) young snails life: young snails hatched snails refers to 30d after less than a small screw stage. 3) into a spiral of: young snails over between January to 6 months of age, this 5-month-old snails called into a spiral phase. It is the period between the middle of young snails and snail species, the snail at this stage is the growth and development (individual enlargement), but also the reproductive growth (growth and development of the sex organs) period. 4) species of snails: growth over six months or more snails.
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Species of snails
蜗牛的种类
蜗牛的种类
蜗牛的种类
Shellfish, snails are terrestrial molluscs, from the beginning of an era gone with distant snail has been living on Earth. Many species of snails, about 25,000 kinds around the world, there is only thousands of species. Most snails are toxic and inedible, China has about 11 kinds of food value, such as Achatina snails, snail tall ring mouth, Hainan Kennedy snails, snail wrinkle scar Kennedy, Seba river snails, snail Markov Pakistan, white snails. Now all over the world as a food and farmed snails are mainly three: French snails Also known as grape snails, due mainly living in the park viticulture, grape stems, leaves, buds, fruit, etc. for food named. But also because of the shape of the apple, therefore, also known as the apple snail, scientific name pomatia. Bright snail species produced in France, Italy, the former Soviet Union and other countries. Temperature and snail loose adaptation boundaries basically the same. This breed can weigh up to 400 grams. Cylindrical shell spherical shell height 28 ~ 35mm, width 45 ~ 60mm. Chitin thick and solid, opaque, there are 5.0 to 5.5 whorl, slow spiral part growth was low conical. Swollen body whorl, shell mouth is not downward, leaving it dark brown or brown shell, shiny, and a number of dark brown ribbon. Shell top blunt, into the body of the umbilicus is covered shaft lip. Shell oval mouth, lip sharp, lips outside the fold, pale yellow or light brown endoplasmic. Garden snail Is a "Khalida Alex" snail, native to Europe, western France, Britain and other regions, usually living in the garden or bushes, it is known as the "garden snail", also known as scattered large snails. Its a snail shape slightly smaller, about 3 centimeters in diameter, thin shells quality, was brown, and has four purple-brown belt, brown shell surface covered with many small spots. Currently, the bulk of China's big snail farming, because species degradation, individual small, poor economic returns. Agate snail Taiwanese person exposed snails, in the Guangdong area called Babylonia, vegetables snails or snails, snails belonging agate class. Agate snail native to eastern Africa, the Malagasy islands, and later spread throughout the tropics, is the world's largest snail, it is also known as the African giant snail. Tapered spiral, shells coated with a layer of brown leather shell, and with dark brown pattern. Usually a snail shells about 6 to 8 cm, a width of 3 to 4 cm and weighs 50 grams or more. In the western region of Africa, especially the residents of the Gold Coast, depending on snails as the only animal protein. Because of this snail meat is delicious, much welcomed by European and American boss, resulting in giant African snail snail become a staple of today's world. This snail is less adapted to the natural conditions in the growth of our species. At present, China's widespread breeding species called white snail, snail nickname white meat, white with pink and white snail named, is Mollusca, Gastropoda, terrestrial shellfish. Hermaphrodite, in all varieties of edible snails large family around the world, is a premier leader. White snail is one of our special animals, has a special value, special nutrition, specific flavor, special purpose, fleshy, nutritious, high protein, low fat, rich in 20 kinds of amino acids, but also astronauts and athletes the best tonic product. It belongs to the agate snail species variation. Its specificity lies in the head, neck, foot muscles light color is different, but the shape and living habits are and Achatina snail no difference, farming methods are basically the same, but when farming requires high number of health conditions, and its economic value of export is also higher.
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Snail hazards and prevention
蜗牛的危害与防治
Bradybaena will host citrus fruit to citrus leaves are often eaten into its notch, cortical branches are often feeding, forming a crater-like citrus fruit after feeding. Their host plants, as well as seedling trees, vegetables and flowers. Snails in soybean seedling hazards, ranging from causing leaf, stem breakage, delayed stiff seedlings, seedling rate decreased; heavy will all eat bean sprouts, resulting into a piece of sterile. Prevention soybean field snails, should adopt comprehensive measures. 1) Clean the garden: After the summer crops or vegetables harvested in a timely manner to eradicate the field, dike ridge, gutter weeds, ditching lower humidity, cultivator dig to worsen snail growth and reproduction of the environment. 2) elimination of a snail: spring and early summer, especially in May and June before the peak of the breeding snails, timely elimination of a snail. First stocking poultry feeding into a snail, attention needs to be in the unused pesticides. Second, artificial worm pick. When field operations, see the cochlear pick snail, or grass, pick up the food in addition to trapping, or artificial worm specifically pick. So you can play a multiplier effect destroy snail. 3) Chemical control to protect soybean emergence as the goal, in the snail population is large, and is about to enter the beginning of peak hazard when using chemical control of snails. Paraformaldehyde 300g, sugar 50g, 5% calcium arsenate and rice bran 300g 400g (first in the pot and saute), mixing into particles the size of soybean; acre with 6% dense granules of killing snails or 0.5 ~ 0.6kg 3% off cochlear Granules 1.5 ~ 3kg, mixed with dry fine soil 10 ~ 15kg uniform applicator in the field. Mizobe like snail habitat, wetlands properly re-applied to the maximum to reduce snail damage.
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Medicinal value snail
"Compendium of Materia Medica" in the long snail treatment records. Modern medicine has also recognized snails, detoxification, swelling, cure diabetes and other effects on diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, bronchitis, prostatitis, cancer and other diseases, and malignant sore role of adjuvant therapy. Effectiveness; swelling sore treatment, anal closed off, Tom Lee urine, applications and indications: the treatment of swelling drug treatment; boils treatment early; cure scrofula disease; cure dental pain; recent Russian Academy of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology currently Try snails and other molluscs nerve tissue to treat Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is due to the gradual degeneration of the brain cells in the substantia nigra, and stop the secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine caused. Its main symptoms are muscle stiffness, hand, foot tremor. The study found that mammals mollusk tissue rejection capability is weak, the researchers implanted mice snail nerve tissue in the brain, which are compatible time up to six months or more. After further improvements in technology, Russian experts have to make a snail nerve tissue and mice suffering from Parkinson's disease brain tissue fused together to make the damaged brain function in mice gradually restored. Based on the above results, Russian experts in the next phase of the study will be used for nerve tissue mollusks with Parkinson's disease Volunteers conduct a pilot clinical treatment. Medicinal Description Alias: Days snail, in cattle, cattle melon Source: Big snail species have return type snail eulota similaris ferussac, dried or live individuals of all medicine. Summer and capture, water burnt to death, and dried; If using fresh products, temporary use during capture. Tropism of taste: salty, cold. A small drug. Indications: detoxification, diuretic. For carbuncles boils poison, anal fistula, dysuria. Dosage: 0.5 to 1 money, powder or pill powder into service. External use, pounded into powder or fresh goods wrap the affected area. Excerpt: "National Herbal Compendium"
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Snail food value
Snail and shark's fin, in shellfish, abalone listed as the world's four dishes, containing 20 kinds of amino acids and 10 kinds of trace elements and rich snailase, sod, etc., which were higher protein content than soft-shelled turtle, pork, beef and eggs 1, 10, 6 and 3 percentage points, while the fat content of only turtle, pork, beef and eggs, 1/18, 1/272, 1/92 and 1/70; selenium content per gram of snail meat There 0.45μg, 4.5 times for the tea. Capacity from the market, due to meet the natural food of the snail, game technology, nutrition technology, healthcare technology trend, vast domestic market, the international market is currently snail products annual demand of about 400,000 t, only the United States would need to import 3 billion a year USD snails. Market prices are high, snail meat factory price equivalent to 362.39 yuan York / kg, with six snails as a plate of raw food prices up to $ 18, France, Spain and other places the price per kilogram of live snails equivalent RMB 116.11 yuan. The export price of canned white jade snail also we have signed 9000 to reach $ 14,000 per tonne. White snail breeding new varieties of bulk, the meat tender, white, individual large, there will be more competitive in the international market will be. In recent years, the country has developed at a snail as the main raw material of health food products, biochemical medicine series, composite nutritional drink series, cosmetics series, game delicacies canned, frozen series of new products, there are several treatment of bronchitis, prostate snails and other diseases will be mass-produced drugs. By the snail secretion (thing) also refining and processing of natural nutrition cream. Snail is an edible, medicinal and health value are high terrestrial mollusks, its edible and medicinal thousand years of history have been. In other countries, the snail is one of the world's seven popular game, out of the four dishes (snails, abalone, scallops, shark's fin) of the first internationally. In France, "French meal" reputation, at Christmas and other countries in Europe and America, but almost to the point where no snail festival. In recent years, the rise of China's coastal open cities quietly eating snail fever, during holidays, snails will be out of stock on the market. Comrade Deng Xiaoping who had tasted the snail dish, he praised, said:. "Snail dishes make up a gap in China, to develop well." Snails enjoy the "soft gold" reputation in the international arena. It's tender and delicious and nutritious. It is measured per 500 grams of snail meat contains a variety of nutrients the body needs 90 grams of protein and amino acids, vitamins, calcium, iron, copper, phosphorus, etc., is a high-protein, low-fat foods. Snail cold, salty taste. There is heat, swelling, detoxification, diuretic, asthma, Ruanjian other functions. Diabetes, cough, pharyngitis, mumps, lymphadenopathy, sore, hemorrhoids, centipede bites and other diseases have a certain effect, it was hailed as a delicious gourmet delicacies, share and care.
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Fear snails
Afraid of salt, dialysis effect, the body of water will penetrate into the body from the salt low salt high in vitro. Salt makes the worm body water loss, dehydration and died. According to the scientists measured snail fastest speed is about 12.2 meters per hour. It is now commonly used to describe the snail's pace is very slow.
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Snail predators
蜗牛的天敌
Snail most deadly predators firefly (larvae nibble snail body, oviposition in the snail body). Well as snails and beetles mice that are not easy to find some parasitic wasp predators as well as "pink mite" powder mites should what you say white insects, many gregarious, snail or slug body fluids and skin mantle for food, short little harm, if a large scale on the snail specified hazards. should try to eliminate inactivity snails When attracted by the residual raw meat bones. After a morning out of the bones, which can often reduce parasitic mite powder! The reason for this situation is that bad as long as you are feeding environment! Did not even clean up debris and excrement, or the temperature and humidity are too large.
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History of snail farming
蜗牛养殖的发展史
Snails in our country for food and medicinal historic. 2000 years ago, "Ya," "release the fish chapter" snail documented in detail. 6th century BC, Hongjing the "doctors do not record" on the record of the snail treatment instance. AD 1774 the Ming Li in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the form of a more detailed account of the medicinal value and snails. Since the 20th century, many scientists who study snails made many contributions, especially for farming and application of snails were made unremitting efforts, it has not been a breakthrough is not achieved until 80 years ago, China's mainland snail production and a very small number of exports, exports of Taiwan Province is less than 1/10. But since the late 1980s, when people were full of snails and laboratory analysis, we found that the body contains 20 kinds of amino acids, 30 kinds of enzymes and blood lectin, a real understanding of the value and role of human snail, snail The aquaculture industry will flourish together, and gradually became a thriving urban and rural household sideline. At present, Hebei, Guangdong, Fujian, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hainan, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Sichuan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, more than 20 provinces and cities have emerged in captivity snail fever, and to scale, direction of industrial development, China's snail farming is catching up the world advanced level. Before white snail yet born, many countries have for keeping Achatina snails mainly because it is fast breeding, disease resistance, easy feeding, and nutrients and most abundant. Since the white snail breeding is out, because it not only has all the advantages of Achatina snails and fresh color jade, therefore, many countries have been imported. Thus, it is popular in the whole world white snail. Development of Chinese white jade snail accelerate the breeding and development of white jade snail. In a very short period of time thanks to the joint efforts of many experts and scholars, not only to find out the white snail breeding habits and the law, and comprehensive testing of the nutritional content of white jade snail, and according to its nutritional value has developed a series of snail products and exported to Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Therefore, the snail breeding and utilization, can be said to be an ancient tradition of the project, it can be said that the new high-tech projects. Study abroad than of late some of the snails, some European and American scholars around the country the 18th century to the 19th century began to study, but the development and use of it ahead of the country. In recent years, many developing countries to use their own resources to accelerate the development of snail farming, processing industry, and making it an important export item. Very rich in nutrients snail elements than the turtle, pork and all the eggs in food protein content of snail meat, coumarin, alkaloids, organic acids even higher, especially animal protein content of the highest in the world . It's much higher than the vast majority of biochemical markers known as the 21st century health food spirulina. Snail body protein, high calcium, low fat, low cholesterol is very good for human health, the body has more than 20 kinds of amino acid and 30 kinds of enzymes are the people most in need from other food intake and difficult . Snail protein extracted from blood gland lectin research has great value, the price per gram lectin far more than the international market price of gold, so the snail known as "soft gold". In addition, extracted from the snail snail enzyme or the medical profession, the biosphere, textiles, cosmetics and wine fermentation industry, an important process in many industries such as raw material. Thus, the commercial value of snail farming is very impressive. Snail is a terrestrial mollusks, common varieties Bradybaena, giant African snail and the snail, and the Hua Baiyu snails, wild agate snails, snail loose, bright giant snail, Achatina snails pomatia apple snails. Their habits and control methods similar. Snails are not all pests.
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Snail farming techniques
1. Temperature 16 ~ 40 ℃, the best 25 ℃, generally high not low. Heating must be taken to Dragon Fire Road, and perennial ready, especially in late spring early fall, to prevent a sudden drop diffuse, conditional Heating is best not to take the stove heating. 2 humidity. Feeding the soil surface soil moisture to maintain 25% to 35% relative air humidity of 85% to 90%, can be wet quit, control humidity, moisture take plastic sheeting roof. 3. Prevent dry air, cold air blowing directly import should take the double doors, hanging cloth windshield. 4. Firmly control the smell of gas into the farm land. 5. Feeding the soil must be controlled ph6.5 ~ 7.5, avoid applying excessive use of pesticides, chemicals contaminated sand. 6 breeding containers must have good air permeability and water permeability. 7 Do not glare, preferably dark night when using 15w red bulb lighting does not work, this will stimulate spawning. 8 eggs hatch. Snail breeding success lies in the eggs hatch, the control room temperature 20 ~ 25 ℃, humidity 90% to 95%, the soil surface humidity of 25% to 30%, improve ovum hatch method using seed snails 60 days Round down method, this method can greatly improve breeding efficiency snail, generally hatched more than 95%. 9 juvenile rearing of snails to the rapid development of the relationship between the key to success snail quantity and production, pay special attention to control the temperature and humidity. Temperature should be controlled between 25 ~ 30 ℃, keeping the soil moisture content of 30% to 35% is appropriate, relative humidity of 80% to 90% is appropriate, eat succulent feed, supplemented calcium foods . 10.1 ~ 3 months snail rearing tanks humidification, determined not to splash water, using spray spray, preferably with warm water. 11 found sick, dead snails promptly removed. 12. Qin Qing stool, it is best to take earthworms and snails polyculture, do both. 13 to prevent against predators, rodent, termite, timed with trichlorfon solution of 1/1000 of the spray, can effectively kill a snail's largest predators - mites, regular use of peracetic acid dilution of snail breeding places disinfected to kill pathogenic microorganisms. 14 lowest cost, best feed formula: rice bran 50%, Shell 40%, yeast powder 8%, other 2%. · [] Snail species Many species of snails, about 25,000 kinds around the world, there is only thousands of species.
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Song: Snail (patriotic songs)
Singer 1: Jay Album 1: fantasy + plus Singer 2: Valen, Chin, Panda Xiong, power train Album 2: Zhenaiwudi Lyrics: Jay Arranger: Wu Qinglong This should put aside a heavy shell Find where in the end there is a blue sky With the wind gently floating gently Do not feel pain after injury I want to climb step by step Wait quietly watched the sun's face it Small days of big dreams Heavy shell hanging gently looking I want to climb step by step At the highest point of the blade to fly forward riding Let the wind blow through the tears and sweat River Someday I have my days This should put aside a heavy shell Find where in the end there is a blue sky With the wind gently floating gently Do not feel pain after injury I want to climb step by step Wait quietly watched the sun's face it Small days of big dreams Heavy shell looking to live lightly I want to climb step by step At the highest point of the blade to fly forward riding o ~ ye ~ Let the wind blow through the tears and sweat River Someday I have my days I want to climb step by step Wait quietly watched the sun's face it Small days of big dreams Heavy shell desire to live lightly I want to climb step by step At the highest point of the blade to fly forward riding wild 0 Let the wind tears off the mainstream Someday I have my days Let the wind blow through the tears and sweat River Someday I have my days
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Snail poetry
The world's most self-esteem on the number of snails, and his life carrying a huge guilt. The world's most pretentious on a number of snails, and his life carrying a heavy monument. Snails are a pessimist, he took a house tour; he suspected no one would be willing to share the couch with their own. Snails are an optimist, he took the house to walk; him to believe that any place is sunny home. Snail big heart, he left traces of sparkling through the place, he did not hide their detours, mistakes. Snail melancholy mood, he painted for the past deeds shiny aura, he wanted to conceal his past birth, past humble. - Snail is so contradictory!
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No. 23
Snail ("Do not record") Synonyms】 【servant tired ("Shan Hai Jing"), calf snails, yellow calf ("Three Cang"), Fu win, mouse snail ("Ya"), snail win, potter wasp ("Wen"), calabash win ("Ya"), Ling Lo (Cui Leopard "ancient Note"), mountain snail, melon cattle (Hongjing), calabash cattle ("resistance"), minus the shell dragonfly scorpionfish ("Japan Hanako Materia Medica") Sea Sheep "and" Sin Chuan surgical _set_ prescription "), dragonfly scorpionfish win, earth ox (" outline "), negative shell slugs (" Donguibogam "), the day snails (" Lu Chuan Materia Medica "), round screw worm ( "Health Herbal Handbook"), the day snail ("Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi"), no dimple snails, snail myoblasts ("Quanzhou Materia Medica"). [Source] all the snails and snail species have closely related species of the same family. [] Snail animal form Hermaphrodite. Spiral shells, usually brown, 1 to 3 on the dark brown ribbon, quality crackers, no operculum. Soft body, head, feet can extend outside the shell. There are two pairs of antennae head front and rear of one pair grew up, top each with 1. Headend ventral mouth. Left and right edges into two pairs of lips and tongue, the palate with a yellow sheet. The right side of the base of the large antennae have genital pore openings. Right side of the screw has a breathing hole. Foot flat, growing tongue; plantar surface sticky mucus glands secrete thick. In addition to all of the plantar surface, has the appearance of wrinkles polygon; ministries feel are extremely sensitive, the case that all the stimulus retracted into the shell. Common in fields and wet places. Creeping line often lick grazing, timber and vegetables leaf epidermis. The animal's shell (snail shell) also for medicinal purposes, and the other details of special articles. [Collection] summer catch after catch was burnt to death with boiling water, and dried. [Medicine] dried snails, all have been retracted into the shells. Xu shells diameter of about 1 cm, outside brown, shiny, brittle and fragile. After crushing, internally white. To complete not broken, clean and free of mud better. [Cooked] washed, dried, or put in the crucible forging use. ① "Japan Hanako Materia Medica": "fried with medicine." ② "New Materia Medica": "licorice students are required, with the fire fry drying." [Taste] salty, cold. ① "Do not record": "taste salty, cold." ② "resistance": "There is little poison." [Meridian] ① "Yu Catalpa drug solution": "into the bladder full sun, foot Jue Yin Liver Meridian." ② "Bencaoqiuzhen": "into the large intestine, stomach." 【Indications】 heat, swelling, detoxification. Wind-heat treatment epilepsy, diabetes, pharyngitis, mumps, scrofula, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, centipede bites. ① "Do not record": "crooked secluded master thief wrist wind down, the next colon rectal prolapse, Jinji and epilepsy." ② "resistance": "Health research to take clothes, only diabetes." ③ "Essentials Collection": "chills and fever, sores disappear." ④ "outline": "Treating children with umbilical wind Cuokou, diuresis, eliminate Houbi, ending epistaxis, through deafness, cure poison unite anal fistula, system centipede scorpion scorpion poison." ⑤ "New Materia Medica": "good insecticide to vote who live in sesame oil, since oil coated worm into sores.." ⑥ "Yu Catalpa drug solution": "diuresis Xiehuo, swelling sepsis, dehumidification heat." ⑦ "Medical Korea compile": "Governance in blood sores and syphilis." ⑧ "Heilongjiang Chinese Medicine": "Pass the milk." [Usage and dosage] Oral: decoction, 1-2 two, or Daozhi, drying into powder. External: pound deposited or drying into powder transfer deposited. [Taboo] not Jiufu. ① "outline": "fear of salt." ② "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "Non-thermal wind really should not use, multi-vent children who should not use the weak." [Election] ① Heat Treatment of Infantile tire Cuokou: Snail son ten (fine grind shelled early mud), dill and a half minutes late. On the drug, with research so uniform, with milk and applied to the port side. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ① Treatment of Diabetes lead to drink more than: (i) snail fourteen, shaped round and big. Water triple, secret is soaked night, drink water. ("Sea _set_ prescription") (ii) Snail (baking) and a half two, Gefen, gentian, white mulberry root (fried) each half the money. Powder, each serving a money under the mulberry leaf soup. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ② governance urination: snail pound posted below the belly button, the hand rub. Even better, add a little musk. ("Easy on the side") ④ governance urination: Snail five money. Decoction, three times a day. ("Jilin herbs") ⑤ red blood heat treatment of lung, epistaxis beyond: Snails (Bo dry) a minute, squid, fish bones half the money. Two flavor, stir and research for the bulk aqueous one, twitch word into the nose. ("St. Francis" snail loose) ⑥ governance Houbi: i snail wrapped in cotton, flooding with the pharynx. ("Outline") (ii) snail seven, white plum three (for meat). With research rotten, cotton wrapped like a large pit, with the pharynx. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⑦ cure swelling of unknown toxicity: fresh snails twelve, purslane twelve, Chen lime twelve. Were smashed, wrap the affected area. ("Jilin herbs") ⑧ governance boils poison: Snail amount, mashed, wrap the affected area. ("Jilin herbs") ⑨ cure scrofula not collapse: seven even snail shells, cloves seven. With burn research, paper flowers affixed. ("World Medical was effective party") ⑩ cure scrofula, collapse and not collapse, can be affixed: How many snails informal to string cable on bamboo, tile dried, burn-existence, for the end, into the light a little pink pig bone marrow transfer, the amount of sick size paper flowers affixed. ("Three by side" snail loose) ⑾ cure hair back: one hundred snails, live person. To one liter Jingping into snails, with a new draw water, dip the bottle, closed system, since as late as next year. Remove the snails release of its water, such as saliva. Gefen will really not to much, spin transfer deposited to sweep the sores on chicken feathers, day to ten degrees. ("Monk Tan Yao _set_ prescription") ⑿ governance rotten foot: a snail. After a little borneol put in shell, water snails with this paint. (Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook") ⒀ cure ear swollen cheek mumps and throat swelling under Zhu: snail research apply the same plane. ("Outline") ⒁ Governance Health kinky skin Chibai envious shade: two snails. Carolina at the end of a little cinnabar, Wei Huo Sunburn make boiling to take cotton transition to the dressing canthus, several dressing. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⒂ cure hemorrhoids: a snail, musk third. With a small sand zygote, Sheng snails, musk grits, the next morning juice, coated hemorrhoid place. ("Ji Sheng Fang" snail cream) ⒃ cure prolapse: Snail twelve, Terminalia five money. Drying, and research fine, with lard and mix thoroughly, wrap the affected area. ("Jilin herbs") ⒄ rule centipede bite: Snail destroyed juice, drops bite place. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⒅ cure deafness: Snail child a minute, a minute gall stone, limestone one point. With fine research, with a porcelain Sheng to make charcoal burning through also designate cold out, a little research into borneol, ear every little oil the medicine. ("Sheng Hui Fang") Famous paper "outline": "The Lord snail various diseases, antipyretic and disinfection of power probably whichever ear."
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Brief introduction
[English name] Snail [Pinyin] wo niu Mandarin pronounced "wo niu", but in many dialects have read "gua niu", such as the dialect of the concept "gua niu", Jay has a song called "snail" in concert when Jay said, "Here we sing song, song called "snail" (gua niu) "; Zheng Zhihua a song called" snail's home, "Zheng Zhi Hua lyrics inside the snail (wo niu) pronounced (gua niu). [Latin names] Fruticicolidae [Genus classification] Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora large snail Branch Snails living on the mainland, about 22,000 species. Mostly gastropods (Gastropoda) lung Lo subclass (Pulmonata), belonging to the former minority gill subclass (Prosobranchia). Feeding on decaying plant material, lay eggs in the soil. In the tropical islands (eg Cuba) the most common, but also found in cold regions (winter dormant). Arboreal species of brightly-colored, and usually monochrome ground habitat. Agate snail genus in Africa (Achatina) the largest size, and more than 20 centimeters (8 inches). Europe is a big snail species often make several dishes, especially in France. See gastropods (gastropod) as amended. Snail is the world's largest animal teeth. Although the size of its mouth and the tip almost, but there are 25,600 teeth. Small snail tentacles in the middle of a little place down there is a small hole, which is its mouth, which has a serrated tongue, scientists call "radula." Snails are not biologically a category name. Generally refers to all types of large snail animal subjects, generalized gastropods also includes a number of other subjects, including slugs and other animals []. Western languages do not distinguish between the general aquatic and terrestrial snails snails, snail Chinese refers only terrestrial species, although it includes many different families, genera of animals, but the shapes are similar. Snails have a relatively fragile, low-conical shell, there are different kinds of shells left-handed or right-handed, with a clear head, the head has two pairs of antennae, one pair of long tentacles after the top has eyes, ventral large gastropods flat, slow, single step mucus secretion, reducing friction to help walk, mucus also prevents against ants and other insects in general. Snails generally live in more humid areas, avoid direct sunlight in plant leaves. Snails hibernate in cold areas of life, of living species in tropical dry season will sleep, forming a layer of mucus secreted by the shell dry mouth closed when dormant, hidden in the body shell, when the proper temperature and humidity will come out activities . Snail distributed almost all over the world, different types of body sizes snails, giant African snails up to 30 cm, in the north of wild species is generally less than 1 cm. General Snail plant leaves and buds for food, so it is an agricultural pest. But there are also carnivorous snails to other types of snails for food. , Now the artificial breeding of edible snails have spread along with French cooking around the world. Snails are hermaphrodites, and some species may be independent reproduction, but most species requires two individuals to mate to exchange sperm. Common snails lay their eggs in moist soil, generally two to four weeks after a small snail will emerged. One can produce 100 eggs. Many natural enemies of snails, chicken, duck, birds, toads, turtles, snakes, hedgehogs are a snail as food, fireflies mainly snails for food. General snails can live the life of 2-3 years, up to seven years, but most likely then become food for other animals. Snails are not the same in all cultures symbolism in China, a symbol of the slow snail, backward; in Western Europe is a symbol of tenacity and perseverance; some national weather forecast at a snail's action, the Finns think that if the snail's tentacles stretch very long, it means there is a good weather tomorrow. Snail with high food and medicinal value. Nutritious, delicious, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, high-grade nutritional supplements rich in 20 kinds of amino acids. Snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks, many types around the world. According to historical records, the snail forty thousand kinds around the world. Snails have distributed in the provinces of China, living in the forest, bush, orchards, vegetable gardens, farms, homes, parks, gardens, temples, mountains, plains, hills and other places. But the type of feeding and little food value. Snails as human protein low fat fine food and animal protein, growing attention has been paid. The land snail is one of the most common mollusks, which mainly feed on plants, especially food crops like small buds and leaves, so wild snails harmful to crops. With the development of science, it becomes harm into the snail artificial feeding, let snail provide high nutritional value of snail meat for human.
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Shape characteristics
The entire body, including snails eyes, mouth, feet, shells, antennae and other parts, toting a spiral shell, its shape; colors sizes, they have a pagoda-shaped shell, top-shaped, conical, spherical, pipe-shaped, etc. and so on. Currently farmed white jade snail, pomatia, scattered large snail, bright snail, Achatina snails has its own unique shape. Snail's eyes are on the antennae.
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Excretion
Snail excretion is a place near the breathing holes excretion, called stomata. It will faeces in their own body.
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Breathing
蜗牛 呼吸
Snail's mantle cavity will form an opening, called "breathing holes" in the mouth of the shell, which is the gas out of the place. Careful observation, often breathing holes opening and closing, like a snail breathing a "nose"; indentation when the snail shell, or breathing holes will remain in the shell opening mouth for breathing. Often in the foot or between the mantle visceral mass, forming a cavity with the outside world, known as "the mantle cavity." Snail respiratory hidden in the mantle cavity, sometimes through the snail shell, the shell can vaguely see the clouds beneath the pulmonary vascular network, mostly in the front, near the direction of the head, which is the location of the mantle cavity .
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Four times a snail
1) Incubation period: refers to the output when hatched from eggs to hatch snail this time. 2) young snails life: young snails hatched snails refers to 30d after less than a small screw stage. 3) into a spiral of: young snails over between January to 6 months of age, this 5-month-old snails called into a spiral phase. It is the period between the middle of young snails and snail species, the snail at this stage is the growth and development (individual enlargement), but also the reproductive growth (growth and development of the sex organs) period. 4) species of snails: growth over six months or more snails. [Reproductive characteristics of snails] Two snails meet, with tentacles in contact with each other, and then the head and head relative to the body and even the position of each chamber of the reproductive phase. After this temporary stop for a moment, the reproductive parts of a sudden reversal, the mutual love vector (penis) is _insert_ed in each other's genital opening. Generally, snails mating time is very long, the transfer takes about 2-3 hours each time, sometimes up to four hours long. After mating fertilized in vitro after gonopores output. Eggs are produced in a few millimeters deep underground beneath the soil or rotten wood, fallen leaves. Snail larvae developing in the egg shell, hatched larvae become like a snail. 1 snail hermaphrodite, allogeneic mating, the male and female are spawning. Snail itself both Dangdie mother. Two snails with each other, the two sides will love vector (penis) repeated stimulation of each other's genital opening, after a fierce stab interpolated motion, both sides will have to _insert_ the other side of the penis in the vagina ejaculation. 10 days after conception, the two sides can lay eggs, eight days after the eggs can hatch out a small snail. 2. Mate for a long time, spawning slow, high degree of difficulty. Snails mating rut every time up to 2 to 3 hours, some for up to 6 hours or more. Snails may lay eggs every two minutes, each spawning time of up to 1 to 2 hours, and some more than 3 hours. Snails in spawning process, often due to lack of feeding malnourished collapse and death in childbirth. Some species accounted for about 30% of the total number of snails died in childbirth. 3. Reproduction rate. Each snail annual spawning 6-7 times the average spawning 200. Species weighing 35 grams each snail can lay 120, weighing 40 to 50 grams of snails, each can lay 150 to 180; weighing 60 to 100 grams snail each can lay 300 to 400 tablets. 4 unrestricted snail reproductive age. Under the same conditions suitable for reproduction, spawning the more the greater the amount of snail. 5 short-lived. Snail's life is generally 5-6 years. Under the discomfort of living conditions, will accelerate the death of snails, snail shorten life. 6 three fast a slow two hard over one. Three slow is slow action, mating and spawning slow slow; two fast is fast-growing, fast-shrinking shell; a difficult more than one multi-spawning and spawning difficult.
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Snail food value
Snail and shark's fin, scallops, abalone listed as the world's four dishes, contains 20 kinds of amino acids and 10 kinds of trace elements and rich snailase, SOD, etc., in which protein content than soft-shelled turtle, pork, beef and eggs High 1 , 10, 3 and 6 percentage points, while the fat content of only turtle, pork, beef and eggs, 1/18, 1/272, 1/92 and 1/70; selenium content per gram of snail meat has 0.45μg, 4.5 times for the tea. Capacity from the market, due to meet the natural food of the snail, game technology, nutrition technology, healthcare technology trend, vast domestic market, the international market is currently snail products annual demand of about 400,000 t, only the United States would need to import 3 billion a year USD snails. Market prices are high, snail meat factory price equivalent to 362.39 yuan York / kg, with six snails as a plate of raw food prices up to $ 18, France, Spain and other places the price per kilogram of live snails equivalent RMB 116.11 yuan. The export price of canned white jade snail also we have signed 9000 to reach $ 14,000 per tonne. White snail breeding new varieties of bulk, the meat tender, white, individual large, there will be more competitive in the international market will be. In recent years, the country has developed at a snail as the main raw material of health food products, biochemical medicine series, composite nutritional drink series, cosmetics series, game delicacies canned, frozen series of new products, there are several treatment of bronchitis, prostate snails and other diseases will be mass-produced drugs. By the snail secretion (thing) also refining and processing of natural nutrition cream. Snail Snail is an edible, medicinal and health value are high terrestrial mollusks, its edible and medicinal thousand years of history have been. In other countries, the snail is one of the world's seven popular game, out of the four dishes (snails, abalone, scallops, shark's fin) of the first internationally. In France, "French meal" reputation, at Christmas and other countries in Europe and America, but almost to the point where no snail festival. In recent years, the rise of China's coastal open cities quietly eating snail fever, during holidays, snails will be out of stock on the market. Comrade Deng Xiaoping who had tasted the snail dish, he praised, said:. "Snail dishes make up a gap in China, to develop well." Snails enjoy the "soft gold" reputation in the international arena. It's tender and delicious and nutritious. It is measured per 500 grams of snail meat contains a variety of nutrients the body needs 90 grams of protein and amino acids, vitamins, calcium, iron, copper, phosphorus, etc., is a high-protein, low-fat foods. Snail cold, salty taste. There is heat, swelling, detoxification, diuretic, asthma, Ruanjian other functions. Diabetes, cough, pharyngitis, mumps, lymphadenopathy, sore, hemorrhoids, centipede bites and other diseases have a certain effect, it was hailed as a delicious gourmet delicacies, share and care. Nutritional Analysis Protein content than cattle, sheep, pork, fat is much lower than they are, and contains various minerals and vitamins, physical weakness, malnutrition and chronic illness infirm therapeutic choice. Enzymes can be included in the plot except stagnation, glutamic acid and aspartic acid is able to enhance human brain cell activity. Scientists believe that eating snails can produce nutrients to the skin and hair cosmetic effect. The crowd 1 ages, gastrointestinal weak, physically weak person most appropriate. 2 urination, swelling of hemorrhoids, chronic sore throat and nose than embolism patients should eat but not long take.
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Careful observation
Snails and slugs like ventral long and flat foot, by muscle contraction ahead, when mucus forward, shiny dry. We can do an interesting observation was determined snail's pace: put a snail on the dry ground, it moves 9-13 cm per minute; slows climbed shade when ground speed, move 6-8 cm per minute; climbed again when there is a thin layer of ground water faster, sliding 25-30 cm per minute. Some Western countries have held annual snail race. Snail race was held in 1985 in Spain, there are eight players to participate in the national 68 snails, competing in the race, the Spanish won a competition snail, which ran the 124 cm in 5 minutes.
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How to collect
Many different types of snails, the world has discovered more than 25,000 kinds of, our common edible snail African snail, also known as Achatina snails, Guangdong, called it "Lo dishes." May to November each year between a snail activity season, winter temperatures drop and hot summer drought, the snails into hibernation. Snail sex with photophobia, a day like night, during the day lurking in the weeds, lush trees, crops lush dark and humid environment, and humus and loose soil or hide in twigs, leaf litter and caves. In case of rain the ground was dry or large waterfall, snails tend to climb tree trunks, stems and leaves of the crop back.
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Snail poetry
The world's most self-esteem on the number of snails, and his life carrying a huge guilt. The world's most pretentious on a number of snails, and his life carrying a heavy monument. Snails are a pessimist, he took a house tour; he suspected no one would be willing to share the couch with their own. Snails are an optimist, he took the house to walk; him to believe that any place is sunny home. Snail big heart, he left traces of sparkling through the place, he did not hide their detours, mistakes. Snail melancholy mood, he painted for the past deeds shiny aura, he wanted to conceal his past birth, past humble. - Snail is so contradictory! Burdened with the entire front row homes Snail Shoulder the burden destined to delay my trip Whether the carrying home but feel at home Let me heartache Perhaps to escape, giving up makes me run fast But I would rather endure the pain of letting responsibility Also carry bitter Pain also put Pain in the footsteps stop Remember How many times The rain was eager to see the rainbow The mud was eager to miss the warmth of their homes Yangtianzhangxiao Why do we seek me before loading the line Heaven should Prostrate moan Why let my heart exhaust back pain Silent Earth Inability to understand the shouts useless resentment Whether riding the foot of the road is not practical I'll walk All the lonely silence
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English Expression
: Woniu
n.: amphioxus, escargot, helix, snail, type of small soft slow-moving animal, usu with a hard spiral shell
