Also known as black Veratrum. Perennial herbs. Students in the mountains, toxic. Traditional Chinese medicine, hold the spit obstruct attending closed, Hou Bi, epilepsy embolism, outside for scabies, and there is emetic. Pesticides in agriculture can do. Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica Veratrum grass 6": "Veratrum then spit phlegm were also the wind." Qing xi "Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu Military System II": "﹝ tattoo cloth, Peng Yue ﹞ nothing but by the Kingship Hanwang borrowed, still treat the clothing Wu beak veratridine also. "
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No. 2
veratrum nigrum Alias: Black Veratrum Characteristics: Liliaceae Veratrum is a perennial herb, 60-100 cm high. Strong stem. Leaves elliptic, 20-25 cm long, 5-10 cm wide. Panicles, racemes of the staminate lateral, apical inflorescences with bisexual flowers, flower most dense, dark purple perianth. Capsule 1.5-2 cm long. 1 cm wide, blooming from July to August; fruit from August to September. Habitat Distribution: Born in forest edge, meadow or hillside forest. Distributed in northeast, north, south Shaanxi and Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Northern and central Europe in Asia also. Uses: The root and rhizome medicine, can emetic, expectorant, insecticide, attending Tanyong stroke, epilepsy, Houbi etc.; topical treatment scabies, malignant sore, killing maggots. 【】 To dicotyledon herbal medicinal plants of the black Veratrum lily root and rhizome (falsehellebore root and rhizome). 【Effect】 Bay wind spit phlegm, heat detoxification, insecticide. 【Indications】 governance stroke sputum Bay, the wind epilepsy epilepsy disease, jaundice, malaria long, Xie Li, headache, Houbi, breath, scabies, malignant sore. 【】 Kuxin of taste, cold, toxic. ① "The Classic": "spicy, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "bitter, slightly cold, toxic" Meridian】 【① "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "start lunar, Meridian." ② "Materia Medica and then the new" "hepatic been." Dosage Oral: Yan Mo, 1 to 2 minutes; or into pills. External: Yan Mo, xiu nose or transfer deposited. 】 【Medication should avoid physically weak qi is weak and pregnant women. ① "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Coptis whom made; anti-fine Li, peony, five parameters, evil rhubarb." ② "outline": "fear of light blue. Service of more than spit, drink onion soup basis." ③ "Materia Medica New ":" The service is bored Tuni, a great loss of body fluid, virtual caution. 【Alias】 onions Ran (the "Classic"), onion Kwai, mountain onions, Feng Lu, Wai Kwai, public Ran ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), onion Ran ("Guang Ya"), pears Lu ("Materia Medica variorum "), onion Yan (" Do not record "), onion Bai Li Lu, deer onions (" The sketches by "), Han onions (" Confucian pro-door thing "), dry onions (" Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine "), mountain palm (" Plant Pesticide Manual "), mountain cabbage, Lu Lin, medicine Yingzi grass, mountain popcorn (" Flora of Liaoning Economy "), human hair, poison grass (" Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi "), Qili Dan (" Poisonous Plants in Southern ") 【Name】 veratridine prescription, force reed, reed pear, mountain green onions, onions and so foolish. 【Product Name】 veratridine, black Veratrum. Rhizome stout, dry and free of impurities are preferred. Distribution】 【distribution of animal and plant resources in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other places. There are the following types of plants belong to the same applies for medicinal: ① distribution of Mao Sui veratridine Liaoning and Jilin. Mao Ye veratridine distribution ② Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. ③ Larix Veratrum. Distribution of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. ④ Eye veratridine distribution of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places. ⑤ garlic Veratrum distribution around the Yangtze River. ⑥ Small Veratrum see "small day garlic," as amended. Harvesting and storing herbs 【】 5 to 6 months when the excavation is not tied stems, remove the seedling leaves, dried or dried with the open after the flooding hot. 【Latin Name】 radix rhizoma veratri veratrum nigrum l. ① veratrum maackii reg.v.puberulum loes. Fvdahuricum loes. Fvschindleri loes. Fv.gran-diflorum (maxim.) loes. Fvmeng-tzeanum loes. F 【Methods】 raw herbs cooked to remove impurities. 】 【Research from "Compendium of Materia Medica" ① Hongjing: "Veratrum Jindao everywhere. The root of the onion and mimicking hairy. Used only tick in the root of the micro-Sunburn." ② "Shu Materia Medica": "" plans by the "cloud buried reed leaves like turmeric, Qin charge, contempt Holland, with gentian root, stem hairy under, summer students, estimated winter birds. now where the valley Jieyou. August mining roots, dry. "③" The sketches by ":" Li Lu, now Shaanxi, Shannan what gun we all share. March seedlings, Yeh like the beginning of the palm heart, are also deemed front, stem like light blue, purple, high five, six inches, black on Paper praise stems, like brown skin, red meat, flowers, roots like horse intestine root, long four or five 寸许, yellow-white, February, March dried. This high 'two, a dip of water reed, stem Datong, just born in the stone near the water streams, hundreds of stem roots, not in into the medicinal purposes. today who were very light blue with Rong Lu, roots few, only three twenty - stems, raw mountain is preferred, all state Local Customs also called for the deer onion. this, too, said the deer Hemerocallis onions, not all of its class, the main treatment is also different ear. "④" Poisonous Plants in Southern ":" veratridine, toxic parts: whole plant to the roots of greater toxicity. Poisoning symptoms: mouth stomach pain, fever, drooling, nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, weakness, sweating, loss of consciousness; serious blood in the stool, not the whole pulse rate, tremors, convulsions, predicate, coma, respiratory arrest and the final result death. private Oral Jianshui or realgar onion, onion, lard, served with cold tea solution can also be toxic. " Identification】 【raw medicinal herbs dried roots, short and thick, brown surface. Top of the leaf base and brown hairy residual vascular Cambodia. Most of fibrous roots, clustered around the roots, 12 to 20 centimeters long, about 3 mm thick. Surface white or grayish yellow, with fine sulfur wrinkled, lower and more vertical wrinkles. Quality easily broken, cross-section of white, silty, the center has a yellowish thin xylem, easy to part with the skin off. Bitterpungent. Kennedy bought the root diameter, the Perspective of flour is better off. Most of the country has produced. In addition, there are the following types of plants belong to the same applies for medicinal purposes: ① ear hair Veratrum veratrum maackii reg. Basal leaves long-oblanceolate or oblong lanceolate, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, about 30 cm, width of 1 to 5 cm. Panicles, flowers sparse; small peduncle 1.5 to 2.5 cm; tepals 6, black and purple, elliptic to oblong, 5 to 6 mm, apex obtuse. Distribution of Liaoning, Jilin and other places. ② Mao Ye Veratrum v.puberulum loes. F., also known as: rock brown, little brown. Broad base of leaf wide oval to oval, up to 25 cm or more, more than 10 cm wide, stem leaves gradually smaller, in order to lanceolate; dorsal with a white cotton wool. Pedicel length of 2 to 5 mm; perianth 6, white, oval or oblong, about 10 mm, margin serrulate, and The Soft hair. Born in mountain grassland. Distribution of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. ③ Larix Veratrum v.dahuricum loes. F. leaves ovate elliptic, densely covered with white hair below. Under the panicle branches longer, the whole pyramid-shaped form; pedicel shorter than the perianth, perianth yellowish green. Distribution of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. ④ Eye Veratrum v.schindleri loes. F. broad basal leaves long-ovate to elliptic, 28 to 36 cm wide and 4 to 10 cm, the stem leaves are needle-shaped, glabrous. Panicles, flowers small, green or brown black brown, oblong or linear perianth oval. Distribution of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places. ⑤ garlic Veratrum v.gran-diflorum (maxim.) loes. F. elliptic to ovate leaves broad oblong, 20 to 30 cm, 12 cm wide and 7, the following are short hairs. Pedicel and perianth slightly so long, Yun-shaped or the base of a small oval-shaped bracts; perianth green and white. Health stream, forest, valley wetlands. Distributed around the Yangtze River. ⑥ Small Veratrum v.meng-tzeanum loes. F. See the "small day garlic," as amended. Microscopic identification: ⑴ quinoa reed rhizome cross section: 1 epidermal cells, outer wall thicker. Cortical width, accounting for most of the root; skin cells under a tangential extension; containing calcium oxalate raphides beam mucous cells are more lateral cortex; within the cortex showed a u-shaped cell wall thickening. Pericycle is a thin-walled cells; primary xylem and primary phloem bundles of the 9-12, some catheters deep into the hip. ⑵ Kuling quinoa reed rhizome cross section: multi-lateral cortex fracture; endodermis Casparian band was, the primary xylem and primary phloem bundle 12-15 bundles each. This product is stout, yellowish brown skin color, quality Qing Cui, break flour by nature good.
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No. 3
Veratrum ("The Classic") Synonyms】 【onions Ran (the "Classic"), onion Kwai, mountain onions, Feng Lu, Wai Kwai, public Ran ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), pears Lu ("Materia Medica variorum"), onion Tan ("Do not record "), onions Bai Li Lu, deer onions (" The sketches by "), Han onions (" Confucian pro-door thing "), dry onions (" Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine "), mountain palm (" Pesticide Plant Manual "), mountain cabbage , Lu Lin, medicine Yingzi grass, mountain popcorn ("Flora of Liaoning Economy"), human hair, poison grass ("Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi"), Qili Dan ("Poisonous Plants in Southern"). 【Source】 black lily Veratrum plants root and rhizome. 【Form】 black plant Veratrum Born in the mountains, forest, or scrub room. Distribution of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other places. In addition. There are the following types of plants belong to the same applies for medicinal purposes: ① veratridine ear hair, the base of leaf length oblanceolate or oblong lanceolate, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, about 30 cm, width of 1 to 5 cm. Panicles, flowers sparse; small peduncle 1.5 to 2.5 cm; tepals 6, black and purple, elliptic to oblong, 5 to 6 mm, apex obtuse. Distribution of Liaoning, Jilin and other places. ② Mao Ye veratridine, also known as: rock brown, little brown. Broad base of leaf wide oval to oval, up to 25 cm or more, more than 10 cm wide, stem leaves gradually smaller, in order to lanceolate; dorsal with a white cotton wool. Pedicel length of 2 to 5 mm; perianth 6, white, oval or oblong, about 10 mm, margin serrulate, and The Soft hair. Born in mountain grassland. Distribution of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. ③ Larix veratridine, leaves ovate elliptic, densely covered with white hair below. Under the panicle branches longer, the whole pyramid-shaped form; pedicel shorter than the perianth, perianth yellowish green. Distribution of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. ④ Eye veratridine, broad basal leaves long-ovate to elliptic, 28 to 36 cm wide and 4 to 10 cm, stem leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Panicles, flowers small, green or brown black brown, oblong or linear perianth oval. Distribution of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places. ⑤ garlic veratridine, elliptic to ovate leaves broad oblong, 20 to 30 cm, 12 cm wide and 7, the following are short hairs. Pedicel and perianth slightly so long, oval or elliptical base with small bracts; perianth green and white. Health stream, forest, valley wetlands. Distributed around the Yangtze River. ⑥ small veratridine, see "Small-day garlic," as amended. 【Collection】 5 to 6 months when the excavation is not pumping the stems, remove the seedling leaves, dried or dried with the open after the flooding hot. 【】 Dried herbs roots, short and thick, brown surface. Top residual brown hairy leaf base and vascular bundle. Most of fibrous roots, clustered around the roots, 12 to 20 centimeters long, about 3 mm thick, the surface yellow-white or grayish brown, with fine cross-wrinkled, more than longitudinal fold lower. Brittle and easily broken, the cross section of white, silty, pale yellow with a thin central xylem, easy to part with the skin off, Bitterpungent. To root diameter solid, off the flour of the preferred. Most of the country has produced. 【Chemical Composition】, black quinoa reed rhizome, roots containing amine mediated Finland, Finland false mediated amine, Yuhong mediated Finland amines, colchicine, Jiming acid amine and Veratrum alkaloids board spent alkali. Eye Eye Chenopodium reed rhizome with veratridine, veratridine Ning Eye alkali and other alkaloids. Garlic quinoa reed rhizome with veratridine amine, Yuhong mediated Finland amines, amine nigrum, DNA Finland amine alkaloids and mediated β-sitosterol. Finland amine containing root medium, veratridine amines, the board spent Xin base, Yuhong mediated amine and Finland spent acid δ-lactone board -16-- Angelica esters and other alkaloids. 【】 ① antihypertensive effect of pharmacological effects Eye Veratrum of alkaloids and Eye veratridine Ning base, from Guizhou black quinoa reed rhizome of the initial extract, Liaoning Ussuri veratridine mixed alkali, Yunnan, small Veratrum extraction component, Mao Sui Veratrum of alkaloids, Mao Ye Veratrum The alkaloids, Larix quinoa reed rhizome extract and refined products in aqueous alcohol solution through a variety of animal experiments have proved to anesthesia and long-lasting antihypertensive effect was no phenomenon of rapid tolerance, while in blood pressure associated with heart rate slow down or pause respiratory depression (ie, Bezold-Jarisch effect). Eye Veratrum extracts from B than the initial line purchase of the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Veratrum (Liliaceae were identified as Veratrum Genus) blood pressure in early extracts a 2 to 3 times stronger, in the anesthetized cat's step-down experiments Mao Sui Veratrum alkaloids Veratrum alkaloids than the leaves hair stronger, Veratrum alkaloids Eye weaker than the former two, the amount must be greater than intramuscular injection side has more than 10 times the amount of antihypertensive effect may last longer, oral needs more than 15 times greater than intravenous volume has been effective, this time, the performance of individual animals, symptoms (nausea, vomiting), or even death, it is not safe intramuscular and oral administration; Pretreatment with chlorpromazine prevents nausea and vomiting . Shanghai Chinese line the initial purchase of Veratrum extracts a type of chronic renal hypertensive dogs (gavage) showed antihypertensive effect, beginning from Guizhou black Veratrum extracts on renal hypertensive rabbits also blood pressure. Alkaloids on the step-down principle for a class is generally believed that, due to feelings of carotid sinus and cardio area by the sinus nerve and vagal afferent reflex inhibition of vasomotor center, causing blood pressure. Isolated perfused rabbit ear and the cat hindlimb have no direct role in dilation of blood vessels. Mao Sui veratridine antihypertensive effect, the brain and kidney play a role in vasodilation, but the effect is short. Japanese production of garlic extract also veratryl antihypertensive effect, and that with the Green Veratrum similar. ② other roles Eye Veratrum japonicum infection in mice had no significant therapeutic effect. Toxemia of pregnancy Larix Veratrum has a good effect. Veratrum black housefly has a strong toxic effect. 【Toxicity Eye veratridine toxicity is very large, the half lethal dose of lily roots with similar, but no accumulation of poisoning, black Veratrum half lethal dose of leaching solution 1.78 ± 0.38 g / kg. Chenopodium reed rhizome of the powder counterpart Xing, nose, eye mucosa stimulation, which contains the veratridine alkali poisoning mainly affects striated muscle, animals died of respiratory arrest. 【】 Kuxin of taste, cold, toxic. ① "The Classic": "spicy, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "bitter, slightly cold, poisonous." Meridian】 【① "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "start lunar, Meridian." ② "Materia Medica re-new": "hepatic through." 【Indications】 function wind phlegm spit, insecticide poisoning. Stroke treatment sputum Bay, the wind epilepsy epilepsy disease, jaundice, malaria long, Xie Li, headache, Houbi, breath, scabies, malignant sore. For stroke, epilepsy, Houbi Zheng Jian Sheng Chung, hold the spit. Bald for scabies sores. In addition, leakage of the product into powder, it ticks off effect. So close to killing Miewen Ying and their larvae, but also for pesticides and veterinary drugs used for vomit. ① "The Classic": "Lord Gudu, Keni, Xie Li, intestinal bleach, head sores, scabies Shatter, malignant sore, poison to kill the parasites, die muscle." ② "Do not Catalog": "treatment 哕 inverse, Houbi barrier, nasal polyps, a saber, rotten sore." ③ "medicinal theory": "Lord on the gas, to Jinian sepsis Xieli. Governance evil wind sores, scabies, bald head, killing." ④ "The sketches by": "Large wind spit saliva on the diaphragm, the dark wind epilepsy patients, children Xia snore; word dagger with money who are vomiting, then top with the pass, it sneeze." ⑤ "Annals of Sichuan Wulong Medicine Plants": "snake bites and insecticidal treatment." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: Yan Mo, 1 to 2 minutes; or into pills. External: Yan Mo, nose twitch or transfer deposited. Taboo】 【physically weak qi is weak and pregnant women. ① "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Coptis whom made; anti-Asarum, peony, five parameters, evil rhubarb." ② "outline": "fear of light blue. Service of more than spit, drink onion soup basis." ③ "new Materia Medica": "The service is bored Tuni, a great loss of body fluid, the virtual were careful." ①】 【election party rule various wind phlegm: veratridine very, turmeric one point, for the end. Each of the word, a warm water hydrate, kimono exploration spit. ("Experience Party") ② treatment of stroke, without a word, such as the drag saw throat sound, the mouth Xianmo: veratridine one point, Arisaema one (to the floating skin, trapped in a pit on the umbilical son of vinegar into the second rubber Douzi, effectively forced the use of fire surrounded by yellow). The same at the pound, and then research fine, with the dough for the pill, such as red bean large, three pills per serving, warm the wine the next. ("Experience the rear") ③ headache can not tolerate: Veratrum a stem, sharp dry, pound Romania as a casual, pockmarked into the musk Xu, research even blowing nose. ("San Franciscans overall record," blowing the nose musk bulk) Stuffy nose headache nausea ④ brain: Veratrum (G) half two, berberine (to be) one-third. The two flavor, pound research for the bulk, each with a little, pull into the nose. ("San Franciscans overall record," scattered through the top) ⑤ jaundice: Veratrum guns of the ashes, small color, trace the end of the water service half the money dagger, a small spit, but a few clothes. ("Elbow back") ⑥ old malaria treatment continued for a long time: The veratridine, honey locust (Sunburn) and one each in two croton twenty-five (make that yellow). Pound according to the law, pill, such as adzuki bean. Kong Xinfu a pill, a pill when you are not fat, temporary hair when another pill, do not second food. ("Filled the rear elbow") ⑦ malaria treatment for a long time not eating, chest depressed, such as vomiting, Yu Tu those who can not spit, should spit, they have been: the late great Veratrum half the money under the water to warm spice to spit for the degree. ("Q _set_s pathogenesis of life-saving" Veratrum bulk) Zhu Guo ⑧ sore treatment, prolonged the vermin: Veratrum (to reed head), alum (fine ash burning Research), turpentine (small study), realgar (small study), matrine by each other two (file). On the drug, the first trace and veratridine, matrine for the end of phase and into a pound of pig fat, fried more than boiling, cotton filter out sediment, sub into the resin, realgar, alum, etc. at the end, stirring so that uniform, leave to cool, to close at porcelain together, the spin coating of taking to recover from illness for the degree. ("Sheng Hui Fang," Veratrum bulk) Treatment of nasal polyps gradually ⑨ big breath barrier: Veratrum third (to the reed head, pound for the end of Romania), realgar a point (small study), orpiment a point (small study). On drugs, so even with the research, each time with honey dare to use, paper twist son, drug development, points in the polyps, and three times a day, then the self-digestion, the two banks may not applicator is, fear tears fall on drugs on. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⑩ toothache: Veratrum satisfied in the end of the teeth, do not swallow juice. ("Qian Jin Yi Fang") ⑾ bald white rule: the end of veratridine to the twelfth lunar month cream and coated with the Pigs, the first wash salt soup, is deposited. ("Filled the rear elbow") ⑿ first-born Ji lice treatment: the end of doping of veratridine. ("Ren Fang Zhai directed") ⒀ scabies treatment: veratridine, thin trace is the end of the transfer to apply the oil source. ("Doumen Party") ⒁ stroke, trismus. With veratridine or two, to signs, the wind in the thick soup fried dip, drying, cut thin, fried slightly brown, and research for the end. Each serving half the money, children half. Under irrigation with warm water drug transfer. To spit saliva to the wind effect, the end of spit and then served. ⒂ swallowed leeches. Fried with veratridine. Research for the end of a water delivery service money will leech spit. 【Application】 ① treatment of clinical malaria Eye check Veratrum 3 (1 inch long), _insert_ the egg (a) the cooked. Eggs to the drug. At 1 to 2 hours before the on_set_ of services. Bogey Anabaena; pregnant women and ulcer patients Jifu. Treatment of 120 cases of patients are cured, 100 cases, improved in 15 cases, 5 cases ineffective; resting stage patients, 36 cases recovered, 33 cases and 3 cases. ② treatment of fractures Famous paper】 【① "outline": "Yue spit against drug use, but also nausea, vomiting method Qutan plot with meaning. Spit different drugs, malaria Changshan spit phlegm, sputum Guadi spit hot, wet black with sharp spit phlegm, radish sub-expiratory sputum, phlegm veratryl the spit is also the wind. " Veratrum】 【attached drive and sputum Changshan are drugs, but the effect is different. Li said: "The spit different drugs, malaria Changshan spit phlegm. Kuala Terengganu spit hot phlegm, black sputum wet with spit tip. Radish expiratory sputum. Veratridine were also the wind phlegm spit."
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No. 4
Veratrum nigrum Alias: Black Veratrum Characteristics: Liliaceae Veratrum is a perennial herb, 60-100 cm high. Strong stem. Leaves elliptic, 20-25 cm long, 5-10 cm wide. Panicles, racemes of the staminate lateral, apical inflorescences with bisexual flowers, flower most dense, dark purple perianth. Capsule 1.5-2 cm long. 1 cm wide, blooming from July to August; fruit from August to September. Habitat Distribution: Born in forest edge, meadow or hillside forest. Distributed in northeast, north, south Shaanxi and Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Northern and central Europe in Asia also. Uses: The root and rhizome medicine, can emetic, expectorant, insecticide, attending Tanyong stroke, epilepsy, Houbi etc.; topical treatment scabies, malignant sore, killing maggots. 【】 To dicotyledon herbal medicinal plants of the black Veratrum lily root and rhizome (Falsehellebore Root and Rhizome). 【Effect】 Bay wind spit phlegm, heat detoxification, insecticide. 【Indications】 governance stroke sputum Bay, the wind epilepsy epilepsy disease, jaundice, malaria long, Xie Li, headache, Houbi, breath, scabies, malignant sore. 【】 Kuxin of taste, cold, toxic. ① "The Classic": "spicy, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "bitter, slightly cold, toxic" Meridian】 【① "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "start lunar, Meridian." ② "Materia Medica and then the new" "hepatic been." Dosage Oral: Yan Mo, 1 to 2 minutes; or into pills. External: Yan Mo, XIU nose or transfer deposited. 】 【Medication should avoid physically weak qi is weak and pregnant women. ① "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Coptis whom made; anti-fine Li, peony, five parameters, evil rhubarb." ② "outline": "fear of light blue. Service of more than spit, drink onion soup basis." ③ "Materia Medica New ":" The service is bored Tuni, a great loss of body fluid, virtual caution. Pinyin】 【Lí Lú 【Alias】 onions Ran (the "Classic"), onion Kwai, mountain onions, Feng Lu, Wai Kwai, public Ran ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), onion Ran ("Guang Ya"), pears Lu ("Materia Medica variorum "), onion Yan (" Do not record "), onion Bai Li Lu, deer onions (" The sketches by "), Han onions (" Confucian pro-door thing "), dry onions (" Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine "), mountain palm (" Plant Pesticide Manual "), mountain cabbage, Lu Lin, medicine Yingzi grass, mountain popcorn (" Flora of Liaoning Economy "), human hair, poison grass (" Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi "), Qili Dan (" Poisonous Plants in Southern ") 【Name】 veratridine prescription, force reed, reed pear, mountain green onions, onions and so foolish. 【Product Name】 veratridine, black Veratrum. Rhizome stout, dry and free of impurities are preferred. Distribution】 【distribution of animal and plant resources in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other places. There are the following types of plants belong to the same applies for medicinal: ① distribution of Mao Sui veratridine Liaoning and Jilin. Mao Ye veratridine distribution ② Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. ③ Larix Veratrum. Distribution of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. ④ Eye veratridine distribution of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places. ⑤ garlic Veratrum distribution around the Yangtze River. ⑥ Small Veratrum see "small day garlic," as amended. Harvesting and storing herbs 【】 5 to 6 months when the excavation is not tied stems, remove the seedling leaves, dried or dried with the open after the flooding hot. 【Latin Name】 Radix Rhizoma Veratri Veratrum nigrum L. ① Veratrum maackii Reg.V.puberulum Loes. FVDahuricum Loes. FVschindleri Loes. FV.Gran-diflorum (Maxim.) Loes. FVMeng-tzeanum Loes. F 【Methods】 raw herbs cooked to remove impurities. 】 【Research from "Compendium of Materia Medica" ① Hongjing: "Veratrum Jindao everywhere. The root of the onion and mimicking hairy. Used only tick in the root of the micro-Sunburn." ② "Shu Materia Medica": "" plans by the "cloud buried reed leaves like turmeric, Qin charge, contempt Holland, with gentian root, stem hairy under, summer students, estimated winter birds. now where the valley Jieyou. August mining roots, dry. "③" The sketches by ":" Li Lu, now Shaanxi, Shannan what gun we all share. March seedlings, Yeh like the beginning of the palm heart, are also deemed front, stem like light blue, purple, high five, six inches, black on Paper praise stems, like brown skin, red meat, flowers, roots like horse intestine root, long four or five 寸许, yellow-white, February, March dried. This high 'two, a dip of water reed, stem Datong, just born in the stone near the water streams, hundreds of stem roots, not in into the medicinal purposes. today who were very light blue with Rong Lu, roots few, only three twenty - stems, raw mountain is preferred, all state Local Customs also called for the deer onion. this, too, said the deer Hemerocallis onions, not all of its class, the main treatment is also different ear. "④" Poisonous Plants in Southern ":" veratridine, toxic parts: whole plant to the roots of greater toxicity. Poisoning symptoms: mouth stomach pain, fever, drooling, nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, weakness, sweating, loss of consciousness; serious blood in the stool, not the whole pulse rate, tremors, convulsions, predicate, coma, respiratory arrest and the final result death. private Oral Jianshui or realgar onion, onion, lard, served with cold tea solution can also be toxic. " Identification】 【raw medicinal herbs dried roots, short and thick, brown surface. Top of the leaf base and brown hairy residual vascular Cambodia. Most of fibrous roots, clustered around the roots, 12 to 20 centimeters long, about 3 mm thick. Surface white or grayish yellow, with fine sulfur wrinkled, lower and more vertical wrinkles. Quality easily broken, cross-section of white, silty, the center has a yellowish thin xylem, easy to part with the skin off. Bitterpungent. Kennedy bought the root diameter, the Perspective of flour is better off. Most of the country has produced. In addition, there are the following types of plants belong to the same applies for medicinal purposes: ① ear hair Veratrum Veratrum maackii Reg. Base of the leaf length oblanceolate or oblong lanceolate, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, about 30 cm wide, 1 to 5 cm. Panicles, flowers sparse; small peduncle 1.5 to 2.5 cm; tepals 6, black and purple, elliptic to oblong, 5 to 6 mm, apex obtuse. Distribution of Liaoning, Jilin and other places. ② Mao Ye Veratrum V.puberulum Loes. F. aka: rock brown, little brown. Broad base of leaf wide oval to oval, up to 25 cm or more, more than 10 cm wide, stem leaves gradually smaller, in order to lanceolate; dorsal with a white cotton wool. Pedicel length of 2 to 5 mm; perianth 6, white, oval or oblong, about 10 mm, margin serrulate, and The Soft hair. Born in mountain grassland. Distribution of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. ③ Larix Veratrum V. Dahuricum Loes. F. leaves ovate elliptic, densely covered with white hair below. Under the panicle branches longer, the whole pyramid-shaped form; pedicel shorter than the perianth, perianth yellowish green. Distribution of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. ④ Eye Veratrum V.schindleri Loes. F. broad basal leaves long-ovate to elliptic, 28 to 36 cm wide and 4 to 10 cm, the stem leaves are needle-shaped, glabrous. Panicles, flowers small, green or brown black brown, oblong or linear perianth oval. Distribution of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places. ⑤ garlic Veratrum V.Gran-diflorum (Maxim.) Loes. F. Yip elliptic to ovate oblong, 20 to 30 cm, 12 cm wide and 7, the following are short hairs. Pedicel and perianth slightly so long, Yun-shaped or the base of a small oval-shaped bracts; perianth green and white. Health stream, forest, valley wetlands. Distributed around the Yangtze River. ⑥ Small Veratrum V.Meng-tzeanum Loes. F. See "Small-day garlic," as amended. Microscopic identification: ⑴ quinoa reed rhizome cross section: 1 epidermal cells, outer wall thicker. Cortical width, accounting for most of the root; skin cells under a tangential extension; containing calcium oxalate raphides beam mucous cells are more lateral cortex; within the cortex showed a U-shaped cell wall thickening. Pericycle is a thin-walled cells; primary xylem and primary phloem bundles of the 9-12, some catheters deep into the hip. ⑵ Kuling quinoa reed rhizome cross section: multi-lateral cortex fracture; endodermis Casparian band was, the primary xylem and primary phloem bundle 12-15 bundles each. This product is stout, yellowish brown skin color, quality Qing Cui, break flour by nature good. 【Chemical Composition】 Black quinoa reed rhizome, roots containing amine mediated Finland, Finland false mediated amine, Yuhong mediated Finland amines, colchicine, Jiming acid amine and Veratrum alkaloids board spent alkali. Eye Eye Chenopodium reed rhizome with veratridine, veratridine Ning Eye alkali and other alkaloids. Garlic quinoa reed rhizome with veratridine amine, Yuhong mediated Finland amines, amine nigrum, oxygen mediated Finland amine alkaloids and β-sitosterol. Finland amine containing root medium, veratridine amines, the board spent Xin base, Yuhong mediated amine and Finland spent acid δ-lactone board -16-- Angelica esters and other alkaloids. 1. Veratridine deacetyl original roots with veratridine (deace-tylprotoveratrine) A, total silence of any base (germerine), the original veratridine (protoveratrine) A, Veratrum Marine base (veramarine), fixed base meter (germidine), the original two-deacetyl veratridine (didesacetyl protoveratrine) A, Veratrum triazine (verazine), _set_ting a new meter base cloth (neogermbudine), mustard Finland amine (iervine), the board spent veratryl acid base (veratroylzygadenine) , Yuhong mustard Finland amine (rubijervine), different Yuhong mustard fun amine (isorubijervine), veratryl amine (veramine), veratridine amine (veratrum-alkamine) A, B, C, D, Veratrum steroidal diene amine (veratramine), Veratrum Mining (veramiline), 3,15 - two dollars out Angelica acyl amines (3,15-diangeloylgermine), eggplant microphone pyridine (solamidine), β-sitosterol (β-sitosterol), β-Valley stearic acid sterol ester (β-sitosterylstearate), daucosterol (daucosterol), wax acid (cerotic acid), stearic acid (stearic acid). 2. Mao Ye quinoa reed rhizome, root base with the board to spend Xin (zygacine), mustard Finland amines, Veratrum steroidal diene amines, Veratrum triazine (verzine), eggplant pyridine (solanidine). Mao Ye veratridine base (hakurirodine) and Yuhong fen mustard base (rubijervine) and so on. 3. Xing'an including the underground sections of Veratrum: pseudo-mustard fun amine (pseudojervng) veratridine glycosides (veratrosine), Veratrum steroidal diene amines, amine mustard Finland, veratridine (verdine), Yuhong mustard Finland amines, Veratrum Marine Base (veramarine), the board spent veratryl acid amines, amine different Yuhong mustard Finland, veratridine triazine, veratryl amine. 4. Mao Sui Veratrum roots with veratridine hydrochloride, Angelica acyl board spent amine (angeloylaygadenine), Mao Sui veratridine (maackinine), total Mani spring base (germanitrine), the board spent alkali (zygadenine), Veratrum triazine Ning (verazinine). 5. Quinoa Eye Eye reed rhizome and roots with veratridine (tiemulilumine), Veratrum Eye Ning base (tiemuliluminine). 6. Light pulse containing veratridine Chenopodium reed rhizome saponin ,23-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl -20-- different Veratrum steroidal diene amine (23-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-20-isoveratramine), ( 22S, 23R, 25S)-23-O-β-D-glucose-based -5,11,13 topiramate members - Veratrum steroidal trienes amine-3β, 23 - diol [(22S, 23R, 25S) -23 - O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5 ,11,13-veratratrienine-3β ,23-diol]. 【Pharmacological effects ① antihypertensive effect Eye Veratrum of alkaloids and Eye veratridine Ning base, from Guizhou black quinoa reed rhizome of the initial extract, Liaoning Ussuri veratridine mixed alkali, Yunnan, small Veratrum extraction component, Mao Sui Veratrum of alkaloids, Mao Ye Veratrum The alkaloids, Larix quinoa reed rhizome extract and refined products in aqueous alcohol solution through a variety of animal experiments have proved to anesthesia and long-lasting antihypertensive effect was no phenomenon of rapid tolerance, while in blood pressure associated with heart rate slow down or pause respiratory depression (ie, Bezold-Jarisch effect). Eye Veratrum extracts from B than the initial line purchase of the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Veratrum (Liliaceae were identified as Veratrum Genus) blood pressure in early extracts a 2 to 3 times stronger, in the anesthetized cat's step-down experiments Mao Sui Veratrum alkaloids Veratrum alkaloids than the leaves hair stronger, Veratrum alkaloids Eye weaker than the former two, the amount must be greater than intramuscular injection side has more than 10 times the amount of antihypertensive effect may last longer, oral needs more than 15 times greater than intravenous volume has been effective, this time, the performance of individual animals, symptoms (nausea, vomiting), or even death, it is not safe intramuscular and oral administration; Pretreatment with chlorpromazine prevents nausea and vomiting . Shanghai Chinese line the initial purchase of Veratrum extracts a type of chronic renal hypertension in dogs (gavage) showed antihypertensive effect, the beginning from Guizhou black Veratrum extracts on renal hypertensive rabbits also blood pressure. Alkaloids on the step-down principle for a class is generally believed that, due to feelings of carotid sinus and cardio area by the sinus nerve and vagal afferent reflex inhibition of vasomotor center, causing blood pressure. Isolated perfused rabbit ear and the cat hindlimb have no direct role in dilation of blood vessels. Mao Sui veratridine antihypertensive effect, the brain and kidney play a role in vasodilation, but the effect is short. Japanese production of garlic extract also veratryl antihypertensive effect, and that with the Green Veratrum similar. ② other roles Eye Veratrum japonicum infection in mice had no significant therapeutic effect. Toxemia of pregnancy Larix Veratrum has a good effect. Veratrum black housefly has a strong toxic effect. 【Toxicity】 Eye veratridine toxicity greatly, the median lethal dose and the Making of the root were similar, but no accumulation poisoning, black Veratrum half lethal dose of leaching solution 1.78 ± 0.38 g / kg. Chenopodium reed rhizome of the powder counterpart Xing, nose, eye mucosa stimulation, which contains the veratridine alkali poisoning mainly affects striated muscle, animals died of respiratory arrest. 【Properties】
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Wikipedia Daquan
Veratrum rhizoma et radix veratri Vomiting off the Lo (rhizoma et radix veratri) Onion Kwai, medicine. The "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing." See "Arts for the People." Lu, also known as pear, . Or Mao Shan onions. BLACK Liliaceae foot n buried public Lu Chuan Chuan Verat m BU, journey down the sun Huan Lu Guang write with no roots or rhizomes to play Regel. Remove seedlings , Bitter, dried or dried with open after the flooding hot. Most parts of China are Shanghai Spit solutions Full Sim, cold; toxic. Human lung and stomach. In addition to the wind-driven features sputum,} r air with poison, insecticide off scabies. Indications: ① Saussurea lung operation, and Jing scabies,} This cream, Wu, such as San Cai Lo ("Yuanheng Spa Ma"). ② horse lung canker, typical 'Box compatibility with Herbs External ("Tong Xuan of paragraph recover from illness"). ③ water from the injured horse l Such as Cai pepper, Pinellia, Guadi, saponins, were sub-Yun, Yong Hong compatibility, Lo bulk oil generation blowing the nose ("Yuanheng therapy horse _set_"). ④ scabies, Yan Mo alone, l, sheep transfer deposited. ⑤ food poisoning. 6 A 24 g cattle, horses 5 to 15 grams;! !. Anti-1.5 a 6 g; external fitness t, Oral been most vulnerable to poisoning. Yun Xu Ji J This product is ginseng, Radix, Salvia, Sophora, Scrophulariaceae, Asarum, peony. ; Disk flowers with medium-fen amine, Yuhong mediated Finland amine (r ubijervine) and Lu Cai phthalocyanine ( 'Was shouted (v eralroylzygadenine) and other alkaloids. Alkaloids; {May be cited and sustained reduction in blood pressure, but necessary intravenous injection, port 1 Sleeping Lu :) From vomiting. Powder counterparts, nose, eyes dry film has a stimulating effect. Different Housefly has a strong poison effect. (Zhao towards the public
